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the_o use_n of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o person_n in_o the_o do_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o not_o the_o instrument_n for_o in_o the_o do_n of_o any_o thing_n if_o the_o person_n do_v not_o consider_v of_o all_o thing_n with_o he_o and_o against_o he_o he_o or_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o commit_v error_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o great_a cause_n be_v this_o in_o the_o use_v to_o give_v level_a with_o a_o rule_n set_v out_o in_o inch_n part_n but_o unto_o this_o they_o can_v order_v it_o nor_o give_v it_o no_o method_n to_o know_v what_o any_o piece_n will_v do_v at_o any_o number_n of_o inch_n advantage_n for_o the_o piece_n do_v differ_v in_o cast_v according_a unto_o their_o length_n as_o i_o do_v further_o show_v in_o the_o book_n wherefore_o the_o
use_n of_o the_o inch_n rule_n according_a as_o they_o do_v use_v it_o be_v to_o no_o other_o purpose_n but_o only_o to_o seek_v out_o what_o number_n of_o inch_n will_v reach_v the_o mark_n and_o that_o be_v know_v then_o to_o keep_v the_o length_n of_o the_o mark_n with_o that_o piece_n and_o the_o necessary_a thing_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o give_v of_o level_n in_o the_o time_n of_o service_n as_o be_v in_o a_o castle_n forte_n or_o town_n or_o such_o like_a the_o gunner_n have_v charge_n of_o any_o piece_n be_v to_o beat_v all_o those_o mark_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o do_v any_o service_n at_o and_o to_o know_v how_o many_o inch_n will_v reach_v any_o mark_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o become_v a_o cunning_a gunner_n he_o shall_v never_o be_v although_o he_o shall_v shoot_v 100_o shotte_n every_o day_n through_o a_o year_n for_o that_o he_o never_o do_v know_v by_o that_o mean_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o mark_n but_o in_o every_o piece_n he_o must_v make_v a_o new_a proof_n if_o that_o the_o piece_n be_v remove_v or_o change_v from_o that_o place_n wherefore_o i_o have_v make_v a_o table_n show_v how_o many_o inch_n and_o what_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n will_v make_v a_o degree_n and_o so_o unto_o ten_o degree_n whereby_o you_o may_v make_v a_o method_n to_o hit_v the_o length_n of_o the_o mark_n in_o any_o piece_n at_o the_o first_o shot_n as_o it_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o the_o book_n if_o so_o be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a and_o exact_a table_n of_o proportion_n of_o the_o cast_n of_o the_o piece_n at_o the_o mount_n of_o every_o degree_n but_o i_o have_v not_o have_v so_o great_a proof_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v deceive_v for_o i_o have_v no_o other_o proof_n but_o at_o my_o own_o charge_n and_o my_o ability_n be_v able_a to_o do_v nothing_o to_o make_v any_o proof_n in_o those_o cause_n the_o three_o great_a cause_n be_v this_o i_o do_v know_v few_o gunner_n yea_o none_o at_o all_o in_o respect_n that_o have_v any_o capacity_n to_o know_v the_o distance_n unto_o any_o mark_n assign_v if_o that_o the_o mark_v be_v such_o that_o they_o can_v not_o come_v unto_o it_o direct_o by_o land_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v very_o true_a and_o exact_a way_n to_o know_v the_o distance_n unto_o any_o mark_n assign_v howsoever_o the_o thing_n be_v if_o that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v by_o geometry_n perspective_n and_o the_o lack_n thereof_o among_o gunner_n be_v the_o principall_a point_n that_o do_v deceive_v they_o so_o that_o these_o three_o thing_n do_v utter_o deceive_v most_o man_n the_o first_o be_v this_o the_o height_n or_o lowne_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o second_o the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o the_o three_o not_o know_v the_o distance_n unto_o the_o mark_n for_o their_o reason_n in_o these_o cause_n that_o they_o do_v suppose_v can_v do_v nothing_o that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o find_v the_o distance_n unto_o any_o mark_n assign_v by_o look_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o never_o can_v show_v unto_o they_o the_o distance_n unto_o the_o mark_n but_o yet_o must_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o scale_n or_o cross_v staff_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v know_v by_o the_o line_n of_o position_n which_o be_v show_v in_o a_o book_n of_o i_o that_o be_v extant_a in_o print_n call_v the_o treasure_n for_o traveller_n and_o also_o in_o a_o book_n set_v forth_o by_o master_n thomas_n digges_n call_v pantometria_fw-la where_o in_o those_o two_o book_n you_o shall_v find_v mean_n and_o way_n both_o how_o to_o find_v the_o true_a distance_n unto_o the_o mark_n and_o also_o how_o much_o that_o the_o mark_n be_v high_a ground_n or_o low_a ground_n than_o the_o place_n that_o you_o be_v upon_o and_o also_o the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n hipothenusall_n whether_o it_o be_v uppe_o the_o hill_n or_o down_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v very_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a for_o all_o they_o that_o will_v use_v to_o shoot_v in_o great_a ordnance_n for_o to_o know_v as_o all_o gunner_n captain_n and_o leader_n of_o man_n etc._n etc._n and_o now_o friendly_a reader_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o some_o people_n will_v dislike_v of_o i_o for_o that_o i_o have_v write_v this_o book_n some_o of_o they_o for_o that_o they_o do_v think_v that_o they_o have_v better_a knowledge_n in_o those_o matter_n than_o i_o and_o other_o some_o perhaps_o may_v be_v offend_v for_o that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v the_o thing_n know_v but_o among_o themselves_o and_o othersome_a possible_a will_v be_v offend_v with_o i_o that_o be_v gunner_n that_o be_v altogether_o without_o any_o knowledge_n in_o those_o cause_n that_o will_v not_o have_v their_o ignorance_n know_v so_o by_o these_o mean_v i_o be_o assure_v that_o i_o shall_v purchase_v a_o great_a number_n of_o enemy_n as_o i_o do_v know_v that_o i_o have_v already_o cause_v sundry_a people_n to_o envy_v i_o as_o some_o sea_n man_n do_v mislike_v of_o i_o for_o write_v of_o my_o book_n call_v the_o regiment_n for_o the_o sea_n and_o othersome_a of_o late_o be_v offend_v with_o i_o for_o the_o writing_n and_o set_v forth_o of_o my_o book_n call_v the_o treasure_n for_o traveller_n but_o notwithstanding_o i_o do_v see_v that_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v know_v unto_o a_o number_n of_o they_o that_o be_v gunner_n weigh_v and_o consider_v with_o myself_o what_o a_o number_n there_o be_v that_o will_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v gunner_n yea_o and_o that_o master_n gunner_n that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a nor_o capable_a in_o those_o cause_n but_o be_v in_o respect_n altogether_o ignorant_a stand_v upon_o no_o other_o thing_n but_o their_o antiquity_n that_o they_o have_v serve_v as_o gunner_n so_o long_a time_n wherefore_o i_o do_v think_v it_o very_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o have_v some_o good_a instruction_n but_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v see_v every_o man_n make_v courtesy_n to_o do_v the_o common_a wealth_n of_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n any_o good_a therein_o and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o no_o people_n may_v better_o pleasure_v the_o common_a wealth_n in_o the_o time_n of_o service_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n then_o may_v good_a gunner_n against_o the_o face_n of_o our_o enemy_n for_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o enemy_n for_o as_o we_o have_v see_v by_o daily_a experience_n that_o the_o queen_n progenitour_n aforetime_o be_v never_o long_a without_o war_n yet_o we_o have_v a_o most_o gracious_a and_o love_a prince_n reign_v over_o we_o which_o do_v alw_o eye_n study_v for_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n god_n grant_v of_o his_o mercy_n that_o she_o may_v live_v long_o and_o reign_v over_o us._n amen_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v good_a for_o we_o to_o study_v in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n how_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n &_o trouble_n as_o general_o we_o provide_v in_o harvest_n for_o to_o live_v in_o the_o winter_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n have_v i_o write_v this_o little_a treatise_n not_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o teach_v they_o that_o be_v cunning_a but_o to_o give_v instruction_n unto_o they_o that_o be_v of_o the_o simple_a sort_n etc._n etc._n wherefore_o gentle_a reader_n bear_v with_o my_o rudeness_n for_o that_o i_o be_o so_o bold_a to_o be_v the_o first_o english_a man_n that_o put_v forth_o any_o book_n as_o touch_v these_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o there_o be_v a_o number_n will_v look_v that_o i_o shall_v have_v give_v they_o place_n for_o that_o they_o be_v more_o worthy_a and_o skilfull_a in_o these_o cause_n think_v that_o i_o be_o to_o simple_a for_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v how_o that_o god_n do_v give_v his_o gift_n as_o we_o see_v daily_o he_o give_v unto_o one_o man_n riches_n and_o another_o man_n poverty_n and_o one_o man_n to_o be_v a_o ruler_n and_o a_o other_o to_o be_v inferior_a one_o man_n wise_a &_o prudent_a and_o a_o other_o ignorant_a one_o man_n beautiful_a and_o a_o other_o deform_v one_o man_n of_o a_o tall_a stature_n &_o a_o other_o of_o a_o low_a stature_n one_o man_n strong_a and_o lusty_a and_o a_o other_o weak_a &_o lame_a although_o that_o they_o be_v of_o one_o consanguinity_n linitie_n or_o kindred_n such_o be_v the_o marvellous_a work_n of_o god_n wherefore_o man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v measure_v by_o else_o but_o vy_z virtue_n for_o god_n be_v not_o partial_a in_o his_o gift_n for_o he_o have_v shed_v his_o most_o precious_a blood_n for_o the_o redemption_n of_o all_o mankind_n so_o that_o afore_o he_o all_o be_v one_o for_o we_o be_v all_o his_o creature_n and_o the_o sheep_n of_o his_o pasture_n and_o the_o work_n of_o his_o hand_n
be_v thirty_o score_n more_o than_o the_o piece_n can_v reach_v upon_o the_o right_a line_n therefore_o you_o must_v mount_v the_o piece_n till_o it_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v the_o mark_n and_o that_o be_v at_o the_o mount_n of_o four_o degree_n as_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o examine_n of_o the_o seven_o chapter_n and_o there_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o appear_v to_o be_v at_o the_o mount_n of_o four_o degree_n now_o that_o be_v know_v take_v your_o quadrant_n and_o take_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n that_o the_o hill_n be_v in_o height_n high_a than_o the_o ground_n that_o you_o stand_v upon_o and_o that_o be_v do_v as_o before_o be_v declare_v and_o then_o you_o find_v that_o the_o mark_n be_v five_o degree_n high_o than_o the_o ground_n that_o your_o piece_n lie_v upon_o then_o add_v that_o number_n unto_o the_o other_o and_o that_o make_v in_o all_o nine_o degree_n just_a for_o that_o the_o piece_n be_v mount_v four_o degree_n for_o to_o reach_v the_o mark_n and_o five_o degree_n for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mark_n which_o be_v high_a ground_n than_o that_o the_o piece_n do_v lie_v upon_o then_o lay_v the_o piece_n right_a upon_o the_o mark_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o you_o must_v needs_o make_v a_o perfect_a shot_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o piece_n right_a upon_o the_o mark_n the_o piece_n be_v mowt_v as_o before_o be_v say_v then_o take_v a_o plummet_n of_o lead_n upon_o a_o small_a line_n or_o string_n and_o let_v that_o be_v hold_v up_o at_o the_o breech_n at_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o piece_n even_o at_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o piece_n then_o stand_v direct_o behind_o the_o piece_n and_o wind_v the_o piece_n till_o you_o do_v see_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o the_o mark_n all_o three_o upon_o one_o right_a line_n by_o the_o sight_n of_o your_o eye_n wink_v with_o one_o of_o your_o eye_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o your_o piece_n do_v lie_v right_a upon_o your_o mark_n and_o so_o forth_o and_o now_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o you_o do_v make_v a_o shot_n towards_o a_o valley_n and_o the_o mark_n more_o than_o the_o piece_n will_v reach_v upon_o the_o right_a line_n then_o know_v the_o distance_n unto_o the_o mark_n mount_n the_o piece_n till_o it_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v the_o mark_n then_o turn_v your_o quadrant_n that_o the_o sight_n go_v downward_o the_o plummet_n hang_v at_o liberty_n than_o you_o may_v see_v how_o many_o degree_n the_o ground_n be_v low_a than_o the_o ground_n that_o the_o piece_n do_v lie_v upon_o and_o rebate_v so_o many_o degree_n as_o that_o number_n come_v unto_o and_o lay_v the_o piece_n right_a upon_o the_o mark_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o you_o shall_v make_v a_o perfect_a shot_n as_o by_o a_o example_n with_o that_o piece_n and_o at_o that_o distance_n before_o rehearse_v to_o a_o mark_n in_o a_o valley_n the_o ground_n be_v low_a at_o the_o mark_v you_o shoot_v at_o by_o three_o degree_n than_o that_o ground_n that_o the_o piece_n do_v lie_v upon_o now_o you_o must_v mount_v the_o piece_n four_o degree_n to_o reach_v the_o mark_n and_o then_o you_o must_v rebate_v three_o of_o those_o degree_n for_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o mark_n and_o then_o you_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o piece_n be_v mount_v but_o one_o degree_n it_o do_v shoot_v that_o distance_n that_o it_o do_v at_o nine_o degree_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v most_o manifest_a for_o that_o the_o one_o be_v up_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o other_o down_o the_o hill_n and_o furthermore_o with_o that_o piece_n and_o at_o that_o distance_n before_o speak_v of_o and_o also_o at_o that_o number_n of_o degree_n down_o the_o hill_n that_o the_o other_o be_v up_o the_o hill_n that_o be_v at_o five_o degree_n &_o now_o four_o degree_n will_v reach_v the_o mark_n upon_o a_o plain_a level_a ground_n but_o for_o that_o it_o be_v down_o the_o hill_n you_o must_v rebate_v five_o degree_n wherefore_o you_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o piece_n must_v be_v level_v with_o the_o quadrant_n one_o degree_n under_o the_o point_n blaucke_v that_o be_v to_o say_v low_a than_o the_o horizon_n by_o one_o degree_n for_o that_o the_o deepness_n of_o the_o valley_n be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o wherefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v better_a for_o gunner_n to_o use_v to_o give_v level_a with_o a_o inch_n rule_n as_o i_o do_v afore_o declare_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n for_o i_o do_v know_v that_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o have_v deceive_v a_o great_a number_n that_o be_v mean_o see_v in_o those_o matter_n and_o for_o lack_v of_o consider_v of_o those_o cause_n that_o may_v happen_v or_o chance_v have_v discourage_v many_o that_o will_v have_v be_v well_o see_v in_o those_o matter_n chapter_n 14._o how_o to_o make_v a_o perfect_a shot_n upon_o the_o land_n at_o the_o broad_a side_n of_o a_o ship_n that_o be_v under_o sail_n and_o go_v furthermore_o for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o perfect_a shot_n upon_o the_o land_n at_o a_o ship_n that_o be_v under_o sail_n in_o a_o river_n the_o chief_a matter_n be_v to_o have_v good_a powder_n that_o the_o piece_n may_v go_v off_o so_o soon_o as_o she_o have_v fire_n give_v unto_o she_o and_o to_o shoot_v at_o her_o broad_a side_n do_v this_o first_o before_o she_o come_v to_o you_o view_v at_o what_o proportion_n she_o come_v that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o that_o she_o come_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o unto_o any_o of_o the_o side_n or_o unto_o any_o other_o proportion_n than_o your_o piece_n be_v true_o disparted_a lay_v your_o piece_n against_o some_o mark_n upon_o the_o further_a side_n of_o the_o river_n that_o be_v do_v then_o koyne_v up_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o piece_n till_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dispart_n stand_v with_o that_o proportion_n which_o the_o ship_n come_v upon_o that_o be_v do_v than_o it_o be_v good_a for_o you_o to_o have_v another_o imagine_a mark_n somewhat_o near_o the_o ship_n beside_o that_o mark_n which_o the_o piece_n lie_v upon_o like_o a_o twenty_o foot_n according_a unto_o the_o way_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o if_o that_o the_o ship_n have_v fresh_a way_n then_o give_v fire_n unto_o the_o piece_n or_o peer_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n before_o that_o the_o ship_n come_v unto_o your_o thwart_a mark_n that_o the_o piece_n lie_v right_a against_o and_o this_o be_v discrete_o do_v there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o you_o shall_v make_v a_o perfect_a shot_n and_o furthermore_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n where_o there_o be_v no_o land_n see_v upon_o the_o further_a side_n then_o take_v a_o thwart_a mark_n by_o some_o cloud_n that_o be_v alow_o near_o the_o horizon_n and_o furthermore_o if_o that_o any_o ship_n do_v go_v direct_o from_o you_o ward_n or_o else_o come_v direct_o to_o youward_n than_o it_o be_v a_o small_a matter_n to_o make_v a_o perfect_a shatte_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o that_o her_o head_n or_o stern_a be_v towards_o your_o ordnaunce_v etc._n etc._n chapter_n 15._o how_o to_o make_v a_o shot_n out_o of_o one_o ship_n unto_o another_o that_o although_o the_o sea_n be_v wrought_v or_o out_o of_o a_o galley_n to_o a_o ship_n as_o for_o gunner_n that_o do_v serve_v by_o the_o sea_n must_v observe_v this_o order_n follow_v first_o that_o they_o do_v foresee_v that_o all_o their_o great_a ordnaunce_v be_v fast_o breech_v and_o foresee_v that_o all_o the_fw-mi gear_n be_v handsome_a and_o in_o a_o readiness_n and_o furthermore_o that_o they_o be_v very_o circumspect_a about_o their_o powder_n in_o the_o time_n of_o service_n and_o especial_o beware_v of_o their_o limstocke_n &_o candle_n for_o fear_n of_o their_o powder_n &_o their_o firework_n &_o their_o ourum_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o much_o to_o be_v fear_v then_o furthermore_o that_o you_o do_v keep_v your_o piece_n as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v dry_v within_o and_o also_o that_o you_o keep_v their_o tutchhole_n clean_o without_o any_o kind_n of_o dross_n fall_v into_o they_o and_o furthermore_o it_o be_v good_a for_o the_o gunner_n to_o view_v their_o piece_n and_o for_o to_o know_v their_o perfect_a dispart_n and_o mark_v it_o upon_o the_o piece_n or_o else_o in_o some_o book_n or_o table_n and_o name_v every_o piece_n what_o it_o be_v and_o where_o she_o do_v lie_v in_o the_o ship_n and_o name_n how_o many_o ynche_n and_o half_a ynche_n and_o quarter_n of_o ynche_n the_o dispart_n come_v unto_o and_o then_o in_o time_n of_o service_n although_o that_o you_o have_v no_o time_n to_o set_v uppe_o your_o disparte_n you_o may_v consider_v of_o it_o and_o do_v it_o well_o enough_o and_o furthermore_o if_o