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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A72146	Of the advancement and proficience of learning; or, The partitions of sciences· Nine books. Written in Latin by the most eminent, illustrious, and famous Lord Francis Bacon Baron of Verulam, Vicount St. Alban, Councellor of Estate, and Lord Chancellor of England. Interpreted by Gilbert Watts.; De augmentis scientiarum. English	Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626.; Watts, Gilbert, d. 1657.	1640 (1640)	STC 1167.7; ESTC S124505	372,640	654

they will not meddle with it so ought men so to procure Serenitie of minde as they destroy not Magnanimitie Thus much of Particulare Good III. Now therefore after we have spoken of Selfe-good which also we use to call Good Particular Private Individuall let us resume the Good of Communion which respecteth Society This is commonly termed by the name of Duty because the terme of Duty is more proper to a mind well fram'd and dispos'd towards others the terme of Virtue to a mind well form'd and compos'd in it selfe But this part at first sight may seeme to pertaine to Science Civile or Politique but not if it be well observed for it concernes the Regiment and Government of every man over himselfe and not over others And as in Architecture it is one thing to frame the Posts Beams and other parts of an Edifice and to prepare them for the use of building and another thing to fit and joyne the same parts togither and as in Mechanicalls the direction how to frame and make an instrument or engine is not the same with the manner of erecting moving and setting it on work So the doctrine of the conjugation of men in a Citty or Society differs from that which makes them conformed and well affected to the weale of such a Society § This Part of Duties is likewise distributed into two portions whereof the one respects the common duty of every man the other the speciall and respective Duties of every man in his profession vocation state person and place The first of these hath bin well laboured and diligently explicated by the Ancients and others as hath bin said the other we find to have bin sparsedly handled althoe not digested into an entire body of a Science which manner of dispersed kind of writing we doe not dislike howbeit in our judgement to have written of this Argument by parts were farre better For who is endewed with so much perspicacity and confidence as that he can take upon him to discourse and make a judgement skilfully and to the life of the peculiar and respective duties of every particular order condition and profession And the treatises which are not seasond with experience but are drawne only from a generall and Scholasticall notion of things are touching such matters for most part idle and fruitlesse discourses For althoe sometimes a looker on may see more then a gamester and there be a common proverbe more arrogant than sound proceeding from the censure of the vulgar touching the actions of Princes That the vale best discovereth the Hills yet it could be especially wished that none would intermeddle or engage themselves in subjects of this nature but only such as are well experienc'd and practis'd in the particular customes of men For the labours and vigilancies of speculative men Cic. Lib. 2. de Oratore in Active Matters doe seem to men of experience litle better than the discourses of Phormio of the warres seemed to Hanniball which estimed them but dreams and dotage Only there is one vice which accompanies them which write books of matters pertaining to their own profession and Art which is that they magnify and extoll them in excesse K. IAMES DORON BASIL § In which kind of Books it were a crime Piacular not to mention Honoris causa Your Majesties excellent work touching the duty of a King for this writing hath accumulated and congested within it many treasures as well open as secret of Divinity Morality and Policy with great aspersion of all other Arts and it is in my opinion one of the most sound and healthfull writings that J have read It doth not float with the heat of Invention nor freez and sleepe with the coldnesse of negligence it is not now than taken with a wheeling dizzines so to confound and loose it selfe in its order nor is it distracted and discontinued by digressions as those discourses are which by a winding expatiation fetch in and enclose matter that speaks nothing to the purpose nor is it corrupted with the cheating Arts of Rhetoricall perfumes and paintings who chuse rather to please the Reader than to satisfy the nature of the Argument But chiefly that work hath life and spirit as Body and Bulke as excellently agreeing with truth and most apt for use and action and likewise clearely exempt from that vice noted even now which if it were tolerable in any certainly it were so in KINGS and in a writing concerning Regal Majesty namely that it doth not excessively and invidiously exalt the Crowne and Dignity of Kings For Your Majesty hath not described a King of Persia or Assyria radiant and shining in extreme Pompe and Glory but really a Moses or a David Pastors of the People Neither can I ever loose out of my remembrance a Speech which Your Majesty in the sacred Spirit wherewith you are endowed to governe Your people delivered in a great cause of Iudicature which was IACOB R. dictum memorab That Kings rul'd by the Lawes of their Kingdomes as God did by the Lawes of Nature and ought as rarely to put in use that their prerogative which transcends Lawes as we see God put in use his power of working Miracles And yet notwithstanding in that other book written by Your Majesty DE LIB MONAR of a free Monarchy You give all men to understand that Your Majesty knowes and comprehends the Plenitude of the Power of Kings and the Vltimities as the Schooles speak of Regall Rights as well as the circle and bounds of their Office and Royall Duty Wherefore I have presumed to alleage that book written by Your Majesty as a prime and most eminent example of Tractates concerning speciall and Respective Duties Of which Book what I have now said I should in truth have said as much if it had bin written by any King a thousand years since Neither doth that kind of nice Decency move me whereby commonly it is prescribed not to praise in presence so those Praises exceed not measure or be attributed unseasonably or upon no occasion presented Surely Cicero in that excellent oration Pro M. Marcello studies nothing else Cicero but to exhibite a faire Table drawne by singular Art of Caesars virtues thoe that Oration was made to his face which likewise Plinius secundus did to Trajan Plin. Iun. Now let us resume our intended purpose § There belongs farther to this part touching the Respective Duties of vocations and particular Professions ✿ SATYRA SERIA sive de Interioribus rerum and other knowledge as it were Relative and Opposite unto the former concerning the Fraudes Cautels Impostures and vices of every Profession For Corruptions and Vices are opposed to Duties and Virtues Nor are these Depravations altogither silenced in many writings and Tractates but for most part these are noted only upon the By and that by way of Digression but how rather in a Satyre and Cynically after Lucians manner than seriously and gravely for

practice may be exalted to a great degree of wonder All these and the like we make no more estimation of than we doe of the agilities and tricks of Tumblers Buffones Iuglers For they are almost all one thing seeing these abuse the Powers of the Body these the Powers of the mind and perchance they may have some strangenesse in them but litle or no worthinesse II This Art of Memory is built upon two Intentions Prenotion and Emblem we call Prenotion a Precision of endlesse investigation for when a man would recall any thing to Memory if he have no Prenotion or Preception of that he seeketh he searcheth indeed and taketh paines rounding this way and that way as in a maze of infinitie But if he have any certaine Prenotion presently that which is infinite is discharged cut off and the questing of the Memory is brought within a more narrow compasse as in the hunting of a Fallow Deere within the Parke Therefore it is evident that Method helpes the Memory for Prenotion suggesteth that it must agree with order So verses are sooner gotten by heart than Prose for if a man make a doubtfull stand at a word Prenotion prompts him that the word which agrees with the verse must be of such a Nature And this Prenotion is the first part of Artificiall Memory For in Memory Artificiall we have places digested provided before hand But we make Jmages extempore according as the present shall require But Prenotion doth admonish that the Image must be such as hath some resemblance with the Place this is that which awaketh and in some sort muniteth the Memory in the chase of what we seeke § Embleme deduceth Conceptions Jntellectuall to Images sensible and that which is sensible more forcibly strikes the Memory and is more easily imprinted than that which is Jntellectuall So we see that even the Memory of Beasts is stirr'd up by a sensible object not by an Jntellectuall So you will more easily remember the Image of a Hunts-man pursuing the Hare or of an Apothecary setting in order his Boxes or of a Pedant making a speech or of a boy reciting verses by heart or of a Iester acting upon a stage than the Notions of Invention Disposition Elocution Memory Action There are other things that pertaine to the helpe of Memory as we said even now but the Art which now is in use consists of these two Intentions now set downe To pursue the Particular Defects of Arts would be to depart from our intended Purpose Wherefore let thus much suffice for the Art of Retaining or of Custodie Now we descend in order to the fourth member of Logique which handles Tradition and Elocution THE SIXTH BOOK OF FRANCIS LO VERVLAM VICOUNT St ALBAN OF THE DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING To the KING CAP. I. I The Partition of the Art of Tradition into the Doctrine of the Organ of Speech The Doctrine of the Method of Speech And the Doctrine of the Illustration of Speech § The Partition of the Doctrine of the Organ of Speech into the Knowledge of the Notes of things of Speaking and of Writing of which the two last constitute Grammar and the Partitions thereof §. The Partition of the Knowledge of the Notes of things into Hieroglyphiques And into Characters Reall II. A second Partition of Grammar into Literarie and Philosophicall III. An Aggregation of Poesie referring to Measure unto the Knowledge of Speech An Aggregation of the Knowledge of Cyphers to the Knowledge of Writing CERTAINLY any man may assume the liberty Excellent King if he be so humourd to jest and laugh at himselfe or his owne Projects Who then knowes whether this worke of ours be not perchance a Transcript out of an Ancient Booke found amongst the Books of that famous Library of S. Victor Liv. 2. c. 7. des faicts dicts du bon Pantag● a Catalogue whereof M. Fra. Rabelais hath collected For there a Book is found entitled FORMICARIUM ARTIUM wee have indeed accumulated a litle heape of small Dust and laid up many Graines of Arts and Sciences therein whereto Ants may creepe and there repose a while and so betake themselves to new labours Nay the wisest of Kings sends the slothfull Prov. 6. of what ranke or qualitie soever unto the Ants and those we define to be slothfull whose only care is to live upon the maine stock but not to improve it by sowing the Ground of Sciences over againe and reaping a new Harvest I Now let us come unto the Art of Delivery or of Expressing and Transferring those things which are Invented Iudged and laid up in the Memory which by a generall name we will terme Tradition This comprehendeth in it all Arts touching Words Speeches for though Reason be as it were the Soule of Speech yet in the manner of handling Reason and Speech should be separate even as the Soule and the Body are We will divide these Traditive Sciences into three Parts into the Knowledge concerning the Organ of Speech into the Knowledge concerning the Method of Speech and into the Knowledge concerning the Illustration or Ornament of Speech § The Knowledge concerning the Organ of Speech generally receiv'd which is also called Grammer hath two Parts De Interpret the one of Speech the other of Writing For Aristotle saith well Words are the Images of Cogitations letters are the Images of words we will assigne both to Grammer But to derive the matter somewhat higher before we come to Grammer and the parts thereof now set downe we must speake of the Organ of Tradition in generall For there seemes to be other Traditive Emanations besides Words and Letters For this is certaine whatsoever may be distinguisht into differences sufficient for number to expresse the variety of Notions so those differences be perceptible to sense may be the Convoy of the Cogitations from man to man For we see Nations of different Language to trade with one the other well enough to serve their turne by Gestures Nay in the Practice of many that have bin dumbe and deafe from their birth and otherwise were ingenious we have seen strange Dialogues held between them and their friends who have learn'd their Gestures Moreover it is now generally knowne that in in China and the Provinces of the high Levant there are at this day in use certaine Reall and not Nominall Characters that is such as expresse neither Letters nor Words but Things and Notions in so much that many Countries that understand not one an others Language but consenting in such kind of Characters which are more generally receiv'd amongst them can communicate one with another by such Figures written so as every Country can read and deliver in his owne native tongue the meaning of any Book written with these Characters § Notes therefore of things ✿ DE NOTIS RERVM which without the helpe and mediation of Words signifie Things are of two sorts whereof the first sort is

Jnfinity Anxiety and Seducement of Knowledge Three preservatives § That it instruct us our Mortality § That it give us content § That it soare not too high § And so Philosophy leads the Mind by the Linkes of Second Causes unto the First CAP. II. I. Discredits cast upon Learning from the objections of Politiques That Learning softens Mens natures and makes them unfit for Exercise of Armes That Learning perverts mens minds for matter of Goverment Other particular indispositions pretended II. The solution Learning makes not men unapt for Armes III. Learning inables men for Civile affaires IV. Particular seducements imputed to Learning As curious incertainty § Pertinacious Regularity § Misleading Book-Presidents § Retired slothfulnesse § Relaxation of Discipline are rather cured than caused by Learning CAP. III. I. Discredits of Learning from Learned mens Fortunes Manners Nature of studies II. Derogations derived from Fortune are these Scarcity of Means § Privatenesse of life § Meannesse of imployment III. From their Manners these too Regular for the times § Too sensible of the good of others and too neglective of their own § A defailance in applying themselves to Persons of Quality § A Failing in some lesser Ceremonies of demeanure § Grosse Flattery practised by some Learned men § Instanced in the Moderne Dedication of Bookes § Discreet Morigeration allowed CAP. IV. I. Distempers of Learning from Learned mens studies are of three sorts Phantasticall Learning Contentious Learning Delicate Learning II. Delicate Learning a curiosity in words through profusenesse of speech § Decent expression commended § Affected brevity censured III. Contentious Learning a curiosity in matter through Novelty of Termes or strictnesse of Positions § A vanity either in Matter or in Method IV. Phantasticall Learning hath two branches Imposture Credulity § Credulity a Belief of History or a Beliefe of Art or Opinion and that either Reall in the Art it selfe § Or Personall in the Author of such an Art or Science CAP. V. Peccant Humors in Learning I. Extreme affection to two extremes Antiquity Novelty II. A distrust that any thing New should now be found out III. That of all Sects and Opinions the best hath still prevailed IV. An over-early reduction of Knowledge into Arts and Methods V. A neglect of PRIMITIVE PHILOSOPHY VI. A Divorce of the Jntellect from the Object VII A contagion of Knowledge in Generall from Particular inclinations and tempers VIII An impatience of suspense hast to positive assertion IX A Magistrall manner of Tradition of Knowledge X. Aime of Writers Illustration not Propagation of Knowledge XI End of studies Curiosity Pleasure Profit Preferment c. CPA VI. The Dignity of Learning from Divine Arguments and Testimonies I. From Gods Wisdome § Angels of Illumination § The first Light § The first Sabbath § Mans imployment in the Garden § Abels contemplation § The Invention of Musique § Confusion of Tongues II. The excellent Learning of Moses § Job § Salomon § Christ § St Paul § The Ancient Doctors of the Church § Learning exalts the Mind to the Celebration of Gods glory and is a preservative against Error and unbeliefe CAP. VII The Dignity of Learning from human Arguments and Testimonies I. Naturall Inventors of new Arts for the Commodity of Mans life consecrated as Gods II. Politicall Civile Estates and Affaires advanced by Learning § The best and the happiest times under Learned Princes and others § Exemplified in six continued succeeding Emperors from the death of Domitian III. Military The Concurrence of Armes and Learning § Exemplified in Alexander the Great § Julius Caesar the Dictator § Xenophon the Philosopher CAP. VIII The Merit of Learning from the influence it hath upon Morall virtues § Learning a Soveraign remedy for all the diseases of the Mind § The domininion thereof greater than any Temporall Power being a Power over Reason and Beliefe § Learning gives Fortunes Honours and Delights excelling all other as the soule the sense § Durable monuments of Fame § A prospect of the Immortality of a future world THE SECOND BOOK THE PROEM THe Advancement of Learning commended to the Care of Kings I. The Acts thereof in generall three Reward Direction Assistance II In speciall about three Objects Places Books Persons § In Places foure Circumstances Buildings Revenues Priviledges Lawes of Discipline § In Books two Libraries good Editions § In Persons two Readers of Sciences extant Jnquiries into Parts non-extant III. Deficients in the Acts of Advancement six want of Foundations for Arts at large § Meannesse of Salary to Readers § Want of allowance for experiments § Preposterous Institutions unadvised practises in Academicall studies § Want of Intelligence between the Vniversities of Europe § Want of Enquirers into the Defects of Arts. § The Authors particular designe § Modest defence CAP. I I. An Vniversall Partition of Human Learning into § History II. Poesy III. Philosophy § This Partition is drawn from the three Intellective Faculties Memory Imagination Reason § The same distribution is agreeable unto Divine Learning CAP. II. I. The Partition of History into Naturall and Civile Ecclesiasticall and Literary comprehended under Civile II. The Partition of Naturall History into the History of Generations III. Of Preter-Generations IV. Of Arts. CAP. III. I. A Second Partition of Naturall History from the Vse and End thereof into Narrative and Jnductive And that the most noble end of Naturall History is that it Minister and Conduce to the building up of Philosophy which end Inductive History respecteth II. The Partition of the History of Generations into the History of the Heavens The History of the Meteors The History of the Earth and Sea The History of Massive Bodies or of the greater Collegiats The History of Kinds or of the Lesser Collegiats CAP. IV. I. The Partition of History Civile into Ecclesiasticall and Literary and which retaines the generall name Civile II. Literary Deficient § Precepts how to compile it CAP. V. Of the Dignity and Difficulty of Civile History CAP. VI. The first Partition of Civile History into § Memorials § Antiquities § Perfect History CAP. VII The Partition of Perfect History into Chronicles of Times Lives of Persons Relation of Acts. § The explication of the History of Lives § Of Relations CAP. VIII The Partition of the History of Times into universall and particular History The advantages and disadvantages of both CAP. IX The Second Partition of the History of Times into Annals and Iournals CAP. X. A Second Partition of Speciall-Civile History in History Simple and Mixt. CAP. XI I. The Partition of Ecclesiasticall History into the Generall History of the Church II. History of Prophecy III. History of Providence CAP. XII The Appendices of History Conversant about the words of Men as History it selfe about Mens Acts. The partition of them into Speeches Letters and Apophthegmes CAP. XIII The Second Principall part of Human Learning Poesy I. The Partition of Poesy into Narrative II. Drammaticall III. Parabolicall § Three Examples of Parabolicall Poesy propounded IV.

For the Custome of the Levant whereby it was accounted a hainous offence to gaze and fixe their eyes upon Princes is indeed in the outward ceremony barbarous but good in the morall for it becomes not Subjects by bent and inquisitive observations to penetrate into the hearts of Kings Prov. 25. which the Scripture hath declared to be inscrutable § There is yet another fault with which I will conclude this Part which is often noted in Learned men namely that in small and outward matters of behaviour and carriage as in countenance gesture march ordinary discourse and the like they doe many times faile to observe decensy and discretion so as the vulgar sort of capacities make a judgement of them in greater matters by that which they finde wanting in small and ordinary points of Action But this prejudication doth oftentimes deceive them nay let them know they have their answer from Themistocles who being invited to touch a lute said arrogantly enough being applied to himselfe but pertinently to the purpose in hand That he could not Plut. in Themist indeed fiddle but he knew how to make a small Towne a great State And there are no doubt many well seen in the Arts of Government and Policy which are to seeke in ordinary conversation and punctuall occasions I referre such scoffers to the Elogie Alcibiades gave of his Master Socrates Plato Conv. whom he compar'd to the Gallipots of the Apothecaries which on the outside were drawne with Apes Owles and Antiques but contained within precious liquors and soveraigne confections acknowledging that to vulgar capacity and popular report he was not without some superficiall levities and deformities but was inwardly replenisht with excellent powers and virtues And so much touching the Point of Manners of learned men § In the mean time I thought good to advertise that I have no purpose to give allowance to some base and unworthy Conditions of some Professours whereby they have discredited both Themselves and Learning such were those trencher Philosophers which in the later age of the Roman state were usually in the howses of Great Persons whom not improperly you may call solemne Parasites of which kinde Lucian makes a merry description of the Philosopher that the great Lady took to ride with her in the Coach and would needs have him carry her litle Dogge Melitaeus which he doing officiously and yet uncomely the page scoffing said De Merc. conduct I doubt our Philosopher of a Stoick will turne Cynique But above all the rest the grosse and palpable flattery whereunto many not unlearned have abased and abused their wits and pens turning as Du Bartus saith Hecuba into Helena and Faustina into Lucretia hath diminisht the prize and estimation of Learning § Neither is the Moderne Dedication of Bookes to Patrons to be Commended for that Bookes such as are worthy the name of Bookes ought to have no Patron but Truth and Reason The custome of the Ancients was better who were wont to dedicate their writings only to private and equall friends or to entitle the Bookes with the names of such friends or if they Dedicated their Books to Kings or Great Persons it was to some such as the Argument of the Book was fit and proper for These and the like Courses may deserve rather reprehension than defence § Nor say I this as if I condemned the Morigeration and application of Learned men to men in fortune and place for the answer was good that Aristippus made to one that askt him in mockery Laert. in Aristip How it came to passe that Philosophers were followers of Rich men and not Rich-men of Philosophers He answered soberly and yet sharpely That it was because Philosophers knew well what they had need of but Rich mē did not Of like nature was the answer which the same Philosopher made when having a Petition to Dionysius and no eare given to him he fell downe at his feet in manner of a worshipper Ibid. whereupon Dionysius staid and gave him the hearing and granted it but a litle after some person tender of the honour and credit of Philosophy reproved Aristippus that he would offer the Profession of Philosophy such an indignity as for a private suite to fall to a Tyrants feet to whom he relied That was not his fault but it was the fault of Dionysius that had his eares in his feet Neither was it accounted weaknesse but a discretion in him that would not dispute his best with Adrianus Caesar Spartian in Hadrian excusing the fact That it was reason to yeeld to him that commanded thirty Legions These and such like applications and stoopeings of Learned men below the termes of Gravity at the command of necessity or the advantage of occasion cannot be condemned for though they may seeme at first sight somewhat base and servile yet in a judgement truly made they are to be accounted submissions to the Occasion and not to the Person CAP. IV. I. Distempers of Learning from Learned mens studies are of three sorts Phantasticall Learning Contentious Learning Delicate Learning II. Delicate Learning a Curiosity in words through Profusenesse of speech § Decent expression commended § Affected Brevity censured III. Contentious Learning a Curiosity in matter through the novelty of termes or strictnesse of Positions § A vanity either in Matter or in Method IV. Phantasticall Learning hath two branches Imposture Credulity § Credulity is a beliefe of History § Or a beliefe of Art or Opinion and that either Reall in the Art it selfe § Or Personall in the Auctor of such an Art or Science LET us now proceed to those Errors and Vanities which have intervened amongst the studies of Learned men and therewith are intermingled which is the principall point and proper to the present Argument wherein my purpose is not to patronize errors but by a Censure and separation of the errors to sift out that which is sound and solid and to deliver the same from aspersion For we see it is the manner of men especially of envious persons to scandalize and deprave that which retaines the State and Virtue by takeing advantage upon that which is corrupt and degenerate as the Heathens in the Primitive Church us'd to blemish and taint the Christians with the faults and corruptions of Heretiques Neverthelesse I have no meaning to make any exact animadversion of the Errors and Jmpediments in matters of Learning which are more secret and remote from vulgar opinion but only to speak of such as doe fall under a common and popular observation and known or at least which recede not farre of therefrom I. I finde therefore chiefly three vanities and vacuities in Learning which have given occasion to the reproach and disgrace thereof For those things are esteemed vaine which are either false or frivolous namely wherein there is either no truth or no use those Persons we esteeme vaine which are either Credulous in things false or Curious in things of

of so much land No doubt it is hard to say whether Armes or Learning have advanced greater numbers But if wee speake of Soveraignty we see that if Armes have carried away the Kingdome yet Learning hath borne away the Priesthood which ever hath bin in some competition with Empire § Againe Jf you contemplate the Pleasure and Delight of Knowledge and Learning assuredly it farre surpasses all other pleasure For what Shall perchance the pleasures of the Affections so farre excell the pleasures of the sences as a happy obtaining of a desire doth a song or a dinner and must not by the same degrees of consequence the pleasure of the Jntellect transcend those of the Affections In all other pleasures there is a finite satiety and after they grow a litle stale their flower and verdure vades and departs whereby we are instructed that they were not indeed pure and sincere pleasures but shadowes and deceits of Pleasures and that it was the Novelty which pleas'd and not the Quality therefore voluptuous men often turne Friers and the declining age of ambitious Princes is commonly more sad and besieged with Melancholy But of Knowledge there is no satiety but vicissitude perpetually and interchangeably returning of fruition and appetite so that the good of this delight must needs be simple without Accident or Fallacy Neither is that Pleasure of small efficacy and contentment in the mind of man which the Poet Lucretius describeth elegantly Swave mari magno turbantibus aequora ventis c. De Rer. Nat. lib. 2. It is a view of delight saith he to stand or walke upon the shore and to see a ship tost with tempest upon the sea à pleasure to stand in the window of a Castle and to see two Battailes joyne upon a plaine but it is a pleasure incomparable for the mind of man by Learning to be setled and fortified in the Tower of Truth and from thence to behold the errors and wandrings of other men below § Lastly leaving the vulgar arguments that by Learning man excels man in that wherein man excels beasts that by the help of Learning man ascends in his understanding even to the heavens whether in body he can not come and the like let us conclude this discourse concerning the dignity of knowledge and Learning with that good whereunto mans nature doth most aspire Immortality and continuance For to this tendeth generation raising of houses and Families Buildings Foundations Monuments Fame and in effect the summe and height of humane desires But we see how farre the monuments of wit and Learning are more durable than the Monuments of materiate Memorialls and Manu-factures Have not the verses of Homer continued xxv Centuries of years and above without the losse of a syllable or letter during which time infinite number of Places Temples Castles Citties have bin decayed or bin demolish't The Pictures and Statues of Cyrus Alexander Caesar no nor of the Kings and Princes of much later years by no means possible are now recoverable for the Originals worne away with age are perish't and the Copies daily loose of the life and Primitive resemblance But the images of mens wits remain unmaimed in books for ever exempt from the injuries of time because capable of perpetuall renovation Neither can they properly be called Images because in their way they generate still and cast their seeds in the mindes of men raiseing and procreating infinite Actions and Opinions in succeeding ages So that if the invention of a ship was thought so noble and wonderfull which transports Riches and Merchandice from Place to Place and consociats the most remote regions in participation of their fruits and commodities how much more are letters to be magnified which as ships passing through the vast sea of time counite the remotest ages of Wits and Inventions in mutuall Trafique and Correspondency § Furthermore we see some of the Philosophers which were most immersed in the senses and least divine and which peremptorily denied the immortality of the soule yet convicted by the power of truth came to this point That whatsoever Motions and Acts is the spirit of man could performe without the Organ of the body it was probable that those remained after death such as were the motions of the understanding but not of the affections so immortall and incorruptible a thing did knowledge seem to them to be But we illuminated with divine Revelation disclaiming these rudiments and delusions of the senses know that not only the mind but the affections purified not only the soule but the body shall be advanced in its time to immortality But it must be remembred both now and at other times as the nature of the point may require that in the proofes of the dignity of Knowledge and Learning J did at the beginning seperate Divine Testimonies from Humane which method I have constantly pursued and so handled them both apart Although all this be true neverthelesse I doe not take upon me neither can I hope to obtaine by any Perorations or pleadings of this case touching Learning to reverse the judgement either of Aesops Cock that preferred the Barly-corne before the Gemme Ovid. Met. XI or of Midas that being chosen Judge between Apollo President of the Muses and Pan President of Sheep judg'd for plenty or of Paris Eurip. in Troad that judg'd for Pleasure and love against wisdome and power or of Agrippina's choice Occidat matrem modo imperet Tac. An. XIV preferring empire with any condition never so detestable or of Vlysses qui vetulam praetulit immortalitati being indeed figures of those that preferre custome before all excellency and a number of the like popular judgements for these things must continue as they have bin but so will that also continue whereupon Learning hath ever relied as on a firme foundation which can never be shaken Mat. XI Justificata est sapientia à Filiis suis THE SECOND BOOK OF FRANCIS LO VERVLAM VICOUNT St ALBAN OF THE DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING To the KING THE PROEM The Advancement of Learning commended unto the care of Kings I. The Acts thereof in generall three Reward Direction Assistance II. In speciall about three objects Places Bookes Persons § In places four Circumstances Buildings Revenewes Priviledges Lawes of Discipline § In Books two Libraries good Editions § In Persons two Readers of Sciences Extant Inquirers into Parts non-extant III. Defects in these Acts of Advancement six Want of Foundations for Arts at large § Meannesse of Salary unto Professors § Want of Allowance for Experiments § Preposterous institutions and unadvised practices in Academicall studies § Want of Intelligence between the Vniversities of Europe § Want of Inquiries into the Deficients of Arts. § The Authors Designe § Ingenuous Defence IT might seem to have more convenience although it come often otherwise to passe Excellent KING that those that are fruitfull in their Generations and have this way a fore-sight of their own immortality in