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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65095	A pleasant and compendious history of the first inventers and instituters of the most famous arts, misteries, laws, customs and manners in the whole world together with many other rarities and remarkable things rarely known, and never before made publick : to which is added, several curious inventions, peculierly attributed to England & English-men, the whole work alphabetically digested and very helpful to the readers of history.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1686 (1686)	Wing V598; ESTC R21854	60,337	192

into Greece as Phericides Pythagoras Thales acknowledges that they were Disciples to the Aegyptians Pliny will have Atlas to be the first Founder or contriver of it which occasioned the Poets to feign that he beareth Heaven upon his Back Sernius would have Prometheus to find it out Nevertheless all these as I suppose were the beginners of this faculty every man in his own Countrey where he dwelled for even from the beginning of the World the Sons of Seth devised first the science of the Stars and for as much as they feared least their Art should perish before it came to the Knowledge of men for they had heard their Grand-Father Adam say that all things should be destroyed by the Universal Flood they made two Pillars one of Stone the other of Brick to the intent that if the Brick wasted with Water or Storms yet the Stone should preserve the Letters whole and perfect and in their Pillars they Graved all that concerned the Observation of the Stars And therefore 't is probable that the Aegyptians and Caldees learned Astrology of the Hebrews and so consequently it spread it self amongst other Nations Endimion was the first that found out the course of the Moon the reason of her being Eclipsed Pythagoras observed the course of Venus Archimedes found the use of the Sphere Alchimia or Alchimy signifieth infusion or steeping for Chimia in Greek denotes Infused There is a great controversie when Alchimy was invented For neither Pliny though he was otherwise a most diligent Author nor any Greek or Latine Author make any mention of it but I believe that it is very ancient for Suidas writeth that the Art of Alchimy endured till the time of the Argonantes when Jason went to take away the Golden Fleece which was nothing else than a certain Book that taught to turn other Mettals into Gold for those that invented that story conceating its name invented the Golden Fleece The Aegyptians professed this Art very much in the Reign of the Emperour Dioclesian who hating them because they made an insurrection Burned their Writings concerning their destilling of Gold and Silver least as he feared they being made Rich by this Art and having gotten good store of Wealth they should Rebell againe The Emperour Dioclesian was Created in the year 287 so that this Art was rather renewed than new The Authors of the first Names of Countreys were some of the most eminent of them as followeth Arphaxad was the first Founder of the Arabians Lud of the Lidians of the Children of Cham were Chus that named the Aethiopians and Mesre the beginner of the Aegyptians Chanaan of whom the Cananites had their name The Linnage of Chus was Seba whereof the Sebees came and Evila of whom came the Evilites And in the like manner we must believe that of them came all other Nations and People of the World which are now encreased that they can scarcely be numbred Of or from the Aire Anaximenes supposeth all things to have had their beginning Metrodorus affirmeth the Universal World to be Eternal without beginning or end Epicurus one of Democritus Disciples putteth two causes Attomes or Motes and vacuity and emptiness of these he saith the four Elements come These are the Opinions of the Phylosophers that were men without the knowledge of God But as Moses and Josephus record the Scripture concludeth that in the begining God made all things of nothing as St. John saith all things were made by him And therefore as Lactantius writeth let no man be curious in searching of what material God made these great and wonderful Works for he Formed them all of nothing by the power of his mighty Word Of the same Opnion is Plato in his Book called Timeus Amphitheaters and Theatres were certain places as Scaffolds with Pentises wherein the People of Athens stood to behold the Enterludes that were shewed and they were made like half a Circle with Benches one above another that they might without any impediment see the Playes Dionysius did first institute them in Athens in the midst of the Scaffold or Theatre stood the Stage wherein Comedies Tragedies with other Shews were exhebited to the common sort Of whom the Romans took example to make such Scaffolds Caius Curio at his Fathers Burial Builded two Theatres of Timber after such a fashion that they might in time of Enterludes stand one contrary to another in such wise that neither Play should disturb one the other And when it pleased him he turned them together and made an Amphitheatre which was a round Scaffold full of Benches of divers heights wherein he set forth a Game of Sword Players Cains Julius Colsar Builded the first Amphitheatre in the Field consecrated to Mars In which were set forth shews of Wild Beasts and Sword Players for the custome was that such as were condemned to Dye or taken Prisoners in War should be cast there to the wild Beasts to be devoured and slain It was strewed with Sand least the Blood of those which were slain should defile them that fought or discourage them and therefore there were certain appointed for to toss and strew about the Sand. Amber as Diodorus witnesseth was found in the Isle Basilea which lyeth against Scythia above Galatia in the great Ocean where it was first cut up and was never found or seen in any place before B BIBLE the Reading of part of it at Dinner time hath been of a long continuance which did proceed from the Godly Doctrine which Christ instructed his Disciples in at all times but chiefly at his last Supper wherein he Treated of the perfection of all the misteries of Religion And thus our Fathers to keep in memory such an wholesome instituion did bring in this manner of Reading the sacred Scripture before or after Meales Books which contain the monuments of ingenious Wits and a Register of all valiant Prowefs as Laertius expresses were first published at Greece Gellius saith is was Pisitratus that made the first Book and exhibited it to be Read openly But Josephus writes that it was the Hebrews and Priests of Egypt and Chaldee that first set them forth The Athenians multiplyed the number of Books which Xerxes carried from thence into Persia and Seleucus King of Macedony caused them many years after to be conveyed to Athens again after that Ptolomeus King of Egypt collected together 700000. Books which were all Burnt at the Battle of Alexandria Tell Building men at the first lived like wild Beasts in Caves and also Fed on Fruits and Roots of the Earth but after they perceived the necessary use of Fire against the vehement extreamity of cold some began to edifie Cottages of Boughs and Trees and some digged Caves in the Mountains and by often experiencing such means they attained to a greater perfection in Building with Walls that they did get up with long Props and did wind them about with small Rods and so daubed them and to keep out the Storms they covered

it Wrought those words of the Countess of Salshuries to this Splendour he added a collar of Gold full of Red and White Roses with the Image of St. George hanging thereon and about those Roses were also Written the same words in the Garter There are of this order as hath been said Twenty-six Knights of which the Kings of England are Soveraigns and it is so much esteemed for its Excellency that Eight Emperours Twenty-two Forraign Kings and Dukes and divers other Noble-men have been of it About their Necks these Knights wear a Blew Ribbon at the end of which hangeth the Image of St. George upon whose day the installation of the new Knights is commonly celebrated being the Twenty-third of Aprill And although it was first ordained at Bourdeaux yet King Edward determined the place of the solemnization thereof to be at the Church of Windsor here in England where at the same time he Founded Cannons or a Cannonry for the better prosperity and greater flourishing of the Knights of the Order The second Order of Antiquity is of the mnnunciation instituted Anno Dom. 1356 by Amide the sixt of that Name Duke of Savoy Sur-named the Green Knight The Knights of this Order wear a great Collar of Gold made winding with three Laces wherein are enterlaced these words Fert Fert Fert every Letter importing its Latine word thus F. Fortitudo E. Eius R. Rhodum T. Tenuit That is his force hath Conquered Rhodes At this Collar hangeth the Image of our Lady and an Angel saluting her from whence t is called the Order of the Annunciation The Collar is Fifteen Links to shew the Fifteen Misteries of the Virgin each Link being Interwoven one with the other in form of a True-Lovers-Knot The number is Fourteen Knights the Solemnity is held annually on our Lady Day in the Castle of St. Peter in Turin This Duke ordained this Order in Memory of Amide the great Duke of Savoy who succoured the Knights of St. John when they took the Isle of Rodes from the Turks in the year of our Lord 1310. The third in Antiquity is the Order of the Golden Fleece Founded upon the Table of the Golden Fleece that Iason with the other Argonant's went to seek in the Isle of Colchos which is as if we should say that he went to the Mine of Gold or else in Analogie to Gideons Fleece as some will have it This Order was first instituted by Philip the Second Sirnamed the good Duke of Burgundy in the year 1430 the compleat number of which Order were at the first Twenty-five Knights but raised afterwards by the said Philip to Thirty-one and now there are as many as the King of Spaine shall be pleased to invest with it They wear a Collar of Gold Interlaced with Iron seeming to strike Fire out of a Flint the word 's ex ferro flamman at the end hangs the Fleece or Toisond'or Their Cloaks and Hoods are of Scarlet garded with Embroidery like flames of Fire Philip appointed for the celebrating of that Order on St. Andrews day being the Thirtyeth of November But the Emperour Charles the Fifth Heir of the House of Burgundy and chief of that Order changed their Apparrel and ordained that their Cloaks should be of crimson Velvet and their Hoods of Violet coloured Velvet and that underneath they should wear a Cassock of cloath of Silver The fourth in Antiquity is the Order of St. Michael the Arch Angel instituted by Lewis the Eleventh of France the first day of August in the year 1469 and ordained that of that Order there should be Thirty-six Knights which afterwards were augmented to Three-hundred Gentlemen of Name and Arms of whom he himself was chief and Soveraign and after him his successors Kings of France the Brothers and Companions of this Order were bound at receiving of them to forsake and leave all other orders if they were of any either of a Prince or any Company only excepting Emperours Kings and Dukes which besides this Order might wear that Order whereof they were chief with the agreement and consent of the King and Brotherhood of the said Order of other Emperours Kings and Dukes And for the cognissance of this Order and the Knights thereof he gave to every one of them a Collar of Gold wrought with Cockle-shells Interlacing one another with a double pointing Ribbon of Silk with Golden Taggs the word Imensi Arenor Oceani which King Francis the First because of his Name changed into a White-Friers or Franciscans Girdle made af a Twisted cord and caused to be hanged on that collar a Tablet of St. Michael upon a Rock conquering the Devil Of the institution of this Order is a Book made containing Ninty-eight Articles wherein are set down the things whereunto the Knights of the Order are subject The fifth Order is that of the Holy Ghost institutéd by Henry the Third King of France on Newyears-day in the year 1579. It was called by the name of the Holy Ghost because this Henry was on a Whitsonday chosen King of Poland Of this Order is written a Book containing the Articles whereunto the Knights thereof were bound Among which I have principally noted one that is to defend and sustain the Clergy For that the King doth give to every one of them the Rent of certain Abbies Religious Houses or other Spiritual Lands whereof they shall allow a certain Stipend to the entertaining of such a number of Religious persons in every Religious house under him and for that benefit are sworn at the entring into the said Order always to defend the Spirituality and to maintaine the Clergy in their priveledges but how they keep their Oath it is easily to be discerned in every place of their spiritual possessions with which I have been often times very much dissatisfied in for having oftentimes tryed the courteous demeanour that commonly Religious Men use to Strangers that come to visit their houses I have divers times been sufficiently enformed by the Religious how the King hath given the rents and Possessions of their Houses to the Knights of his Order with the conditions already rehearsed which Knights allow them such bare exhibition that by reason it is not sufficient to entertain the fourth part of the number of them appointed many of them are constrained to forsake their houses and beg or else they must starve The Pope considering what dismembring of Church Lands arriseth from this Order in the Realm of France would not grant the Confirmation thereof but notwithstanding the Popes mislike thereof t' is still maintained The Collar of this Order is of Flowers de Lys and Flames of Gold with a Cross and a Dove on it Pendant representing the Holy Ghost Wrought in Orange tawny Velvet garnished about with Silver Beams which the Knights of that Order wear upon their Cloaks before their heart Their Robe is a black Velvet Mantle poudred with Lillies and Flames of Gold and Silver None are admitted to this Order

both they and their kindred in White Apparrel like as at that time the dead body was wrapped in White cloaths The white colour was thought fittest for the dead because it is Clear Pure Sincere and least defiled and when the time of their weeping was expired they put on other Vestures Of this Ceremony as I take it the French Queens tool occasion after the death of their Husbands the Kings to wear only white cloathing and when there was any such Widdow she was commonly called the White Queen The Jews ended their Mourning after Thirty days The Englishmen use altogether Black which they use for the most part to wear a whole year unless it be because of a general Triumph of a New Magistrate or when they are towards Marriage The Manner of washing the bodyes of the dead especially of the Nobler sort and the annointing of them was received from our Ancesters which used to wash the bodyes of the dead and it was the Office of them which were neerest of the Kindred to do it Lead was brought by Miducritus out of the Islands against Spain called Cussitrides as Strabo writes Letting of Blood was Learned of the Water-horse in Nylus For when he was weak and distempered he used to seek by the River side for the sharpest stalks of Reeds against which he stroke a Veign of his Leg with great violence and so eased his Body by that means of the corrupt and fuperfluous blood and when he had so done he covered the wound with the Mud. Linnen or Flax as Pliny Writs was invented by the beautiful Lady Arachne of Lydia she taught also the way of Knitting Nets to take Beasts Fish and Fouls Minerva instructed the People of Athens in spinning and weaving of Wool but in one place Pliny seemeth to ascribe the Art of Weaving to the Aegyptians Labyrinths which we may call Mazes were certain intricate and winding Works with many entries and doors in such a manner that if a Man were once entered he could not sind the way out except he had a perfect guide or else a clew of thread to be his conduct There were four of them most notable as it is reported The first was in Aegypt and was called of some the Pallace of the King Motherudes of some the Sepulcher of Mexes but there are others that say it was builded in honour of the Sun by King Petesucus or Tethoes Herodotus will have it that it was the common Tomb of the Kings of Aegypt this stood a little from the Pool of Mirios The Second was made in Crete by Daedalus at the Commandment of King Minos wherein Theseus of Athens slew the Minotaure The Third was wrought in the Isle of Lemnos by Smilus Rhodus and Theodorus Carpenters of the same Countrey The Fourth Porsena King of the Hetrucians caused to be made and set up in Italy for his Sepulcher It was all of Free Stone and Vaulted Letters concerning the first inventors of them Authors are at some variance Diodorus saith they were found by Mercury in Aegypt others say one Menon an Aegyptian devised them Instead of Letters the Aegyptians used to declaire and signifie the intents and conceits of their minds by the Figures of Beasts Fishes Fowls and Trees Pliny saith that he thought that the Assirians excogitated the Letters which Cadmus brought out of Phenicia into Greece which were but sixteen in number A b c d e g i l m n o p r s t u. To these Palumedes in the Battell of Troy added four more Aristotle saith that there were 18. Hermolaus is supposed to have added the Letter y. Herodotus writeth how that the Phenicians that came with Cadmus to inhabit Thebes brought Letters into Greece which were never seen there before Some will have the Aethiopians to have invented them and then to have taught them to the Aegyptians that were one of their Provinces But Eumolphus writes very wisely that the Original of Letters were from Moses who was long before Cadmus dayes that he taught the Jews Letters that thence the Phenicians received them and the Greeks Leared of them which thing is conformable to Pliny's opinion For Jury is a part of Syria and the Jews were Syrians Nevertheless I have it from Josephus that writing was before Noahs Flood for the Sons of Seth as we have expressed wrote in two Pillars one of Brick and another of Stone the Science of Astronomy whereof that of Stone in the time of Josephus remained in Syria Philo ascribeth the inventions of them to Abraham Numbers were used to be written with these seven Letters C. I. D. L. M. U. X or with these Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. which because they are so Familiarly used we shall not need further to declaire Letters were first brought into Italy by Evander and the Arcadians which came into Italy to Inhabit there as Ovid writes in his Book de Fastis the Hetrurians also had a form of Letters by themselves wherein the Youth of Rome were instructed as well as in the Greek Letters which one Demeratus a Corinthian taught the Hetrucians And like as the Grecians had enlarged the number of their Letters so the Italians following their example put to theirs f. k. q. x. y. z. h. which h. is no Letter but a sign of aspiration f. they received of the Aeolians which both amongst the Romans and Aeolians had the same sound and pronounciation that p. with an inspiration hath which we use in writing Greek words And afterward Claudius Caesar as Quintilian writeth appointed that it should be taken in the place of u. Consonant as fulgus for vulgus fixet for vixit and even so our English men use to speak in Essex for they say Finegar for Vinegar Feal for Veal and contrariwise a Vox for a Fox Vour for Four and in process of time it was used for ph in Latine words k. was borrowed of the Greeks but any eminent Author seldome useth it in writing Latine q. was added because it hath a grosser sound then c. The Letter x. we had also out of Greece although as Quintillian judgeth we might well forbear it forasmuch as that they either used for it c s. or g s. Likewise y. and z. were sent from the Grecians and are used of us only to write Greek words In Letters are contained the Treasure of Knowledge by them the most notable things are preserved in fresh remembrance Libraries which are the Monuments of ingenuous Wits consist in Books which were first published in Greece Gellius saith it was Pisistratus that made the first Book and exhibited it to be read openly Josephus will have it otherwise that the Hebrews and Priests of Chaldee set forth the first Books The Athenians multiplyed the number of them which Xerxes carried from thence into Persia and Seleveus King of Macedonia caused them many years after to be conveighed again to Athens After that Ptolomeus King of Aegypt collected 700000 Books which were all burnt

with an Arrow by the suddain Eating of it is said to drive it out of her Body Celandine which is an Herb which is much used for the cure of decayed Sight was first perceived by the Swallow that uses to Heal the Eyes of her Young-ones with it The Boar in his Distemper cureth himself with Ivie The Storke first taught men the use of Glisters who finding her self very full purgeth with her crooked Bill in her Fundament The Weesel in combate with the Serpent preserveth it self with Rue and the Stork with Origany and in the same manner Nature hath taught other Creatures particular Medicines for their Distempers Painting as Pliny expresses Gyges a Lydian did first invent he devised Portrature in Aegypt In Greece Phyrrhus the Cousin of Dadolus according to Aristotles mind But Theophrastus saith that Polignotus an Athenian was the instituter of it yet Pliny neither agreeth with Theophrastus nor yet with himself for in the Thirty-fifth Book he saith that Polignotus a Thalian did first Paint Women in single Apparrel and trimed their Heads with Kalls of sundry colours The Aegyptians say that they had that Art Six-hundred years before it arrived at Greece And the Greecians affirmeth that it was begun by the Siconians and some of the Corinthians Albeit the most Authentick Authors affim it took its original from the drawing of a man with Lines in the process of time it was made more glorious with colours Drawing of Pictures with Lines and Shaddows Philodes an Aegyptian or Cleanthes a Corinthian devised Telephanes a Siconian and Ardices of Corinthus found this Art first without colours and Cleophantes of the same Countrey invented colours Appollodorus was highly esteemed for the Pensil In the same expertness Timageras Pythyas Polignotus Aglaophon with others that Pliny reciteth in his Twelft Book excelled And Baphael Sanctus as also Vrbinate was very lively in expressing of the Face since many others that stood on their Shoulders have perpetuated their Names Paper before the invention of it men used to Write in Leaves of Date Trees and sometimes on the Bark of Trees Afterwards they Wrote their minds publickly on Plates or Sheets of Lead and their private Affaires in Tables of Wax for Tables as Homer expresses were before the Sige of Troy Paper was first devised by King Alexander as Varro saith it was first made of Fenny Rushes that grew in the Marsh ground of Aegypt But Pliny will have it that it was used in the time of King Numa that Reigned Three-hundred years before Alexander and his Books which were found in a Chest of Stone in a Field by L. Pitilius a Scribe which were Written in Paper In process of time Paper that we now use was invented it was made of Linnen-cloath beaten together in Mills for that use Parchment as Varro Writes was found in Pergamus although the Jewish Historians as Josephus expresses used Parchment they Wrote also in Goats and Sheeps Skins in former times as Herodotus declares Printing that rare Art and Mistery which hath preserved the best Authors from the danger of corruption was first found out in Germany at Mogunce by one John Cuthenbergus a Knight he invented also the Ink that PRINTERS Use sixteen years after Printing which was in the year of our Lord 1458. One Conradus an Almaine first brought it into Rome Nicholas Johnson a French-man did very much polish it and now it is dispersed through most parts of the World This Noble Art was first to Print Letters in Tin Lead and other mixt Mettall 't is a Divine and Heavenly invention but it would have been more Marvellous if it had not been so common It is strange and scarcely to be spoken but 't is as true as truth it self that one Printer may Print so many Letters in one day that the swiftest Scrivner or Writer is not able to do so much in a year This Art was at the beginning in great Admiration and of no less Lucre and Profit It was first undertaken with more boldness and confidence then any certainty and it was about Eeighteen years afterwards before it was common in Italy But by the industry of man's Wit it grew to that perfection that it is now arrived to Truly it had gone ill with all good Discipline if it were now to have its beginning seeing that for the most part people are grown so effeminate and such epicures for here Learning is not Al-a-mode many of our Gentry will scarce take up Books if they lay in the High-wayes which in times past were valued more then if every Leafe had been in Beaten Gold that the greatest sums of Money would have been given for them If this Art had not been found out in a convenient and happy time the Noble Acts of all Nations had never been so manifest to the Word In like manner the memory of Ancient antiquity had not been so restored and the Divine Wisdome of the Phylosophers had been in danger of being lost whatsoever hath laine obscure in a few written Copies these many Ages is now by this Art set forth to all immortality Poetry is a most excellent Art for it comprehends all other Sciences This Art is only given of Nature by a Divine inspiration without which Democritus affirmeth there could never be excellent Poets for it proceedeth not so much from Art or Precepts as from the Divine inspiration and Spiritual power and therefore Ennius called Poets Holy because they have a special prerogative The beginning of this Art is very Ancient and as Eusebius saith it flourished first amongst the Hebrews that were long before the Greeks For Moses the great Captain of the Jews at that time he led the Children of Israel out of Aegypt into the Land of Promise passing the Red-Sea which by the power of God gave place to them inspired by the Holy Ghost made a Song of Hexameter Verses to render thanks to God for that deliverance And David the Holy Prophet of God after he was dispatched and freed from all his troublesome and dangerous affairs in War and had escaped the Assaults and Conspiracies of Treason living in happy and prosperous times of Peace devised many pleasant Tunable Hymnes for the praise of God in sundry kinds of Meter For as St. Hierome saith the Psalter of David is in as good Number and Measure as either the Greek Planudes or the Latine Horace sometimes in Alcens Numbers sometimes in the Metre of Sappho sometimes with half measures What is more stately and high then the Song of Moses in Deutrinomy and of Isaiah more ancient then Solomons more perfect then Job we may more highly ascribe the invention of it to the Hebrews 't is nevertheless to be acknowledged that Orpheus and Linus and after them Homer and Hesiod did publish and adorn this Art with all manner of rich Furniture The Romans received it not till of latter times for Livius Andronicus as Tully writes in the year 513 after the City was Builded Cains Claudius Cento and

press the Wine out of the Grape as Saturn did in Italy Some would have it to be Icarins the Father of Penelope that found the virtue of the Grape in Athens who is reported to have been slain by the Husbandmen when they were Drunk Atheneus in one place writeth that Orestus Son to Dencalion first discovered the Vine about Mount Aetna in Sicily In another place he sayes that it was found in the City Plinthina in Aegypt Aruntes a Tirrhen banished out of his Countrey by Lucinon whom he brought up of a Child carried the first Wine into France But before all these Noah was the first that either Tilled the Land or Planted the Vineyard and when that he had tasted too much of the Fruit of the Grape he was Drunk Wine Taverns were set up first by the Lydians a people of Asia which also found out and invented divers Games Staphylus as Pliny saith was the first that allayed Wine But for all these generally entertained Opinions the Poets will have Bacchus to be the first deviser and God of it and that he taught those Countries how to make Ale of Barley which had no Grapes growing into this Drink the Germans afterwards put Hops and called it Beer The Winds were first observed by Aeolus as 't is reported from the prognostication of the Inhabitants of the Islands about Sicily who by the smoak of the said Isles three dayes before were said to know what Winds they should have Aeolus for his great insight into the Nature of them hath by the general consent of Poets the Dominion over them attributed to him The Winds as some divide them are said to be four according to the four principal Regions of the Aire those that are more curious in their search and inquiry of their Natures will have them to be no less then eight And especially one Andronicus Corestes who Builded a Terret in Athens and set on every side of it the Images of the Winds graven against the Rigion whence the Winds came they were placed on Pillars of Marble and in the middle he set a Brazen Image of Triton which he had made so that it would turn with a Gust and stand with its Face towards the Wind that blew being so devised as to point with a Rod to the Image of the said Wind which hath been since imitated and used in most Countries for 't is an usual custome to set up Weather-cocks or Fans to show out of what Quarter the Wind bloweth The seven Wise Men of Greece who lived as one saith when there was a scarcity of Wisedom were as followeth Bias he was born in the Haven Town of Prieane in the Countrey of Jonia Solon was of the Island of Salamine Chilo was of Lacedemonia Cleobolus had his birth at Lindus in the Isle of Rhodes Pittacus was of Mitylene in the Isle of Lesbes Thales received his first breath at Miletum in Greece the last of them was Periander King of Corinth The wonders of the World were reputed seven of the same number of the Wise men of Greece The first were of the Walls of Babylon built by Semeramis of stone joyned together with a strange kind of slimy and gluish Morter which grew in the Mines of those Countryes and especially in the Lake where stood in time past Sodome and Gomorrah now called Asfatilda These walls according to the Town were built in a quadrangle and contained in circuit as saith Pliny in the 26th chapter of his sixt Book 60 miles so that every square was fifteen miles long they were 200 foot high and 15 foot thick To build these walls were hired by Semiramis out of divers Countryes for a long space 300000 men The Second was the Pillar of the Sun offered by the Gentiles unto Jupiter This Pillar stood in the Isle of Rhodes and was made of Iron in the form of a man of incredible greatness insomuch that a man could scarce Fadom the great finger thereof After it had stood 56 years it fell down by reason of an Earthquake and so lay till the Island was won by the Souldan of Aegypt who carried as much mettall away as loaded 900 Camels The Third were the Obelisci or the Piramids of Aegypt of which we have already discoursed The Fourth was the Mansoleum of Mansolus King of Caria Husband to Artimesia this woman for the great love she had to his Memory burnt his body drunk his ashes beaten to a powder thinging no Sepulcher so worthy of him as her own body the remainder of the powder which she found it impossible for her to drink she buried in his Famous Tomb. This Monument was of a most excellent kind of Marble it was 411 feet in circute and 25 cubits high it was invironed with 36 Pillars most curiously carved The Fifth was the Temple of Diana at Ephesus of which in ' its proper place we have also discoursed more at large The Sixt was the Image of Jupiter Olympus in Achia all of Porphyry an infinite number of little pieces being wonderfully joyned together this Statue or Image besides the excellency of the work was more especially admired for the greatness thereof and was the more Famous by reason that the Games called the Olympiades were there kept The Seventh was the Tower Pharos nigh to Alexandria in Aegypt built by Ptolomeus Philadelphus King of Aegypt to direct the Passengers which way to approach the Haven thereabouts by burning of pitch or other light materials This Tower was of a marvelous height and of singular Workmanship the building whereof cost according to our Money 4800000 Crowns some Authors set down for the Eight Wonders the Gardens and Orchards upon the walls of Babylon AN APPENDIX Rare Inventions peculiarly attributed to England and English-men MASONS Carving in Stone and erecting statly Piles with the like Materials The Art of curious Painting and Glazing with Glass now in use were First shewed to the English by one Joanes A Benedictine in the year of Christ 728. and since by Improvement brought to the perfection they are at present found to be in The Famous Invention of Printing being found out in Germany was First brought into England by William Caxton a Mercer who in the Reign of King Edward the Fourth kept a Printing-House in Westminster Abby by the Permission of Simon Islip Abbot of that Place and the First Book there Printed was Tullies Offices Coaches were Invented by Monsieur Pedarus a French-man and brought into England in the year 1559. though Charriots are of a longer standing Watches were the Invention of a German and the Invention brought into England Anno 1580. The Famous Inventers and Improvers were Cornelius Van Dreble and Janus Torrianellus the first Clocks were brought into England much about the same time The Pendulum was Invented by Mr. Hook Fellow of the Royal Society Famous in the Mathematicks and Mechanical Improvement All sorts of Optiek-Glasses and Tubes as the Telescope the Invention of the Famous Galileo the Microscope