the_o three_o part_n of_o modern_a report_n be_v a_o collection_n of_o several_a special_a case_n in_o the_o court_n of_o king's-bench_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n ii_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n ii_o and_o in_o the_o two_o first_o year_n of_o his_o present_a majesty_n together_o with_o the_o resolution_n and_o judgement_n thereupon_o none_o of_o these_o case_n ever_o print_v before_o indignor_fw-la quicquam_fw-la reprehendi_fw-la non_fw-la quia_fw-la crassè_fw-la compositum_fw-la illepidéve_n putetur_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la nuper_fw-la hor._n epist_n 2.1_o careful_o collect_v by_o a_o learned_a hand_n london_n print_v by_o the_o assign_v of_o rich._n and_o edw._n atkins_n esqr_v for_o charles_n harper_n at_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n over-against_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1700._o mr_n ambrose_n holbech_n of_o mollington._n in_o the_o county_n of_o warwick_n 1702_o to_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o common_a 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there_o be_v likewise_o a_o small_a tract_n then_o write_v by_o sir_n ralph_n hengham_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o only_o treat_v of_o essoin_n and_o default_n in_o writ_n of_o right_a writ_n of_o assize_n and_o dower_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v call_v a_o body_n of_o our_o law_n i_o must_v admit_v that_o two_o such_o book_n be_v write_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n glanvil_n and_o justice_n bracton_n the_o one_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o but_o not_o one_o more_o of_o that_o nature_n almost_o in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n for_o i_o do_v not_o think_v the_o book_n which_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n fortescue_n write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o can_v be_v proper_o call_v a_o system_n of_o law_n it_o be_v publish_v by_o he_o for_o these_o purpose_n first_o to_o obviate_v the_o design_n of_o two_o great_a favourite_n the_o 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for_o to_o such_o the_o defendant_n preach_v and_o to_o they_o he_o declare_v the_o power_n give_v unto_o he_o by_o god_n to_o heal_v they_o by_o prayer_n then_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o their_o king_n be_v wicked_a and_o have_v insinuate_v this_o doctrine_n into_o their_o mind_n he_o than_o bid_v they_o stand_v to_o their_o principle_n in_o oppose_v and_o subdue_a wicked_a king_n it_o be_v object_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v a_o precedent_a discourse_n of_o the_o king_n but_o the_o precedent_n be_v otherwise_o in_o 33_o h._n 8._o rot._n 17._o there_o be_v a_o indictment_n against_o the_o lord_n grey_n for_o word_n speak_v against_o the_o king_n without_o set_v forth_o any_o precedent_a discourse_n of_o he_o so_o be_v my_o lord_n cobham_n be_v case_n in_o 12_o jac._n for_o that_o he_o proditorie_a dixit_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la palavit_fw-la haec_fw-la verba_fw-la viz._n it_o will_v never_o be_v well_o for_o england_n until_o the_o king_n and_o his_o cub_n be_v kill_v without_o a_o avernient_a that_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v de_fw-la rege_fw-la and_o in_o william_n be_v case_n 88_o 2_o roll_v rep._n 88_o report_a by_o my_o lord_n roll_n who_o be_v indict_v for_o high_a treason_n for_o write_v two_o book_n in_o which_o be_v many_o traitorous_a assertion_n but_o no_o averment_n of_o any_o previous_a discourse_n concern_v the_o king_n all_o these_o indictment_n be_v thus_o viz._n dixit_fw-la such_o word_n de_fw-fr domino_fw-la rege_fw-la therefore_o the_o indictment_n be_v good_a in_o form_n if_o the_o word_n therein_o contain_v amount_v to_o treason_n now_o they_o do_v import_v treason_n or_o not_o if_o they_o do_v import_v it_o then_o it_o be_v unnecessary_a to_o aver_v that_o they_o be_v speak_v de_fw-la rege_fw-la because_o it_o can_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v treason_n against_o any_o other_o king_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o he_o will_v go_v to_o whitehal_n and_o kill_v the_o king_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o aver_v any_o precedent_a discourse_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la in_o action_n on_o the_o case_n for_o word_n there_o must_v be_v a_o averment_n of_o the_o person_n because_o many_o man_n be_v of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o in_o indictment_n the_o form_n will_v govern_v the_o case_n several_a traitor_n have_v suffer_v death_n in_o such_o case_n as_o this_o at_o bar_n and_o many_o learned_a man_n in_o all_o age_n have_v attend_v this_o court_n and_o this_o objection_n be_v never_o make_v till_o now_o and_o therefore_o the_o precedent_n be_v without_o this_o averment_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la where_o the_o overt_a act_n be_v by_o word_n judgement_n be_v pray_v against_o the_o prisoner_n curia_fw-la word_n may_v be_v a_o overt_a act_n but_o then_o they_o must_v be_v so_o certain_a and_o positive_a as_o plain_o to_o denote_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o speaker_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v tell_v another_o that_o he_o will_v drive_v the_o king_n out_o of_o england_n there_o need_v no_o averment_n that_o such_o word_n be_v speak_v de_fw-la rege_fw-la because_o they_o tend_v immediate_o to_o depose_v the_o king_n but_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o will_v go_v to_o whitehal_n and_o destroy_v his_o enemy_n that_o be_v not_o treason_n without_o a_o averment_n etc._n etc._n judgement_n be_v arrest_v de_fw-fr term._n sancti_fw-la hill_n anno_fw-la 36_o car._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1684._o pool_n versus_fw-la trumbal_n the_o defendant_n be_v sue_v in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n for_o dilapidation_n 5._o 25_o car._n 2._o cap._n 5._o and_o plead_v the_o general_a pardon_n by_o which_o all_o offence_n contempt_n penalty_n etc._n etc._n be_v pardon_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o pray_v a_o prohibition_n but_o it_o be_v deny_v because_o the_o statute_n never_o intend_v to_o pardon_v any_o satisfaction_n for_o damage_n but_o only_o to_o take_v away_o temporal_a punishment_n dorrington_n versus_fw-la edwin_n mich._n 36_o car._n ii_o rot._n 277._o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la against_o pledge_n in_o a_o replevin_n bring_v by_o pleint_a pleint_a sci._n fac._n will_v lie_v against_o pledge_n in_o replevin_n by_o pleint_a set_v forth_o that_o john_n temple_n do_v levy_v a_o pleint_a in_o the_o sheriff_n court_n of_o london_n for_o the_o take_n of_o three_o bag_n of_o money_n in_o which_o suit_n he_o find_v pledge_n de_fw-fr prosequendo_fw-la &_o de_fw-la retorno_fw-la habendo_fw-la if_o it_o shall_v be_v award_v that_o this_o pleint_a be_v transmit_v out_o of_o that_o court_n into_o the_o husting_n and_o by_o 273._o *_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n it_o may_v have_v be_v remove_v by_o re_n falo_n dalt_n 425._o 9_o hob._n 6.58_o 13_o ed._n 1._o cap._n 2._o f._n n._n b._n 74._o f._n dalt_n 273._o certiorari_fw-la remove_v into_o the_o kings-bench_n where_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v as_o aforesaid_a etc._n etc._n dorrington_n avow_v the_o take_n etc._n etc._n and_o temple_n be_v nonsuited_a and_o thereupon_o a_o retorn_a '_o habend_v '_o be_v award_v to_o the_o sheriff_n who_o return_v elongat_fw-la '_o etc._n etc._n then_o a_o sci._n fa._n be_v bring_v against_o the_o pledge_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westm_n 2._o which_o provide_v that_o where_o lord_n upon_o replevin_n can_v obtain_v justice_n in_o inferior_a court_n against_o their_o tenant_n when_o such_o lord_n be_v attach_v at_o their_o tenant_n suit_n they_o may_v have_v a_o recordari_fw-la to_o remove_v the_o plea_n before_o the_o justice_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v not_o only_o take_v pledge_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o prosecute_v his_o suit_n but_o also_o to_o return_v the_o cattle_n if_o a_o return_v be_v award_v etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n appear_v and_o pray_v oyer_n of_o the_o certiorari_fw-la which_o be_v return_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o sheriff_n only_o without_o the_o alderman_n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la will_v lie_v against_o they_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o statute_n they_o be_v only_a pledge_n in_o replevin_n bring_v by_o pleint_a without_o writ_n this_o case_n be_v argue_v by_o mr._n pollexfen_n for_o the_o defendant_n and_o for_o the_o defendant_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v charge_v by_o this_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la because_o the_o pleint_a be_v remove_v by_o certiorari_fw-la and_o thereby_o the_o plaintiff_n dorrington_n have_v lose_v the_o benefit_n he_o have_v against_o the_o pledge_n in_o the_o sheriff_n court_n this_o case_n be_v compare_v to_o other_o action_n in_o inferior_a court_n which_o if_o remove_v by_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la the_o bail_n below_o be_v discharge_v of_o course_n by_o the_o common_a law_n there_o be_v no_o pledge_n of_o retorn_a '_o habend_n 246._o dyer_n 246._o for_o before_o this_o statute_n the_o sheriff_n can_v not_o make_v a_o replevin_n without_o the_o king_n be_v write_v now_o he_o have_v power_n to_o take_v pledge_n but_o if_o he_o will_v make_v deliverance_n of_o the_o good_n ad_fw-la querelam_fw-la alicujus_fw-la sine_fw-la brevi_fw-la the_o fault_n be_v still_o in_o he_o for_o he_o may_v 434._o *_o dalt_v 434._o compel_v the_o party_n to_o bring_v a_o writ_n and_o then_o the_o pledge_n will_v be_v liable_a because_o it_o will_v appear_v who_o they_o be_v and_o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v 446._o cro._n car._n 446._o that_o where_o a_o replevin_n be_v bring_v by_o writ_n the_o sheriff_n can_v make_v deliverance_n without_o take_v pledge_n because_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v he_o have_v a_o remedy_n against_o they_o by_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la but_o if_o he_o recover_v upon_o a_o replevin_n bring_v by_o pleint_a 594._o cro._n car._n 594._o the_o judgement_n shall_v not_o be_v avoid_v by_o assign_v the_o want_n of_o pledge_n for_o error_n because_o in_o such_o case_n the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o by_o law_n oblige_v to_o take_v pledge_n 2._o this_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la be_v bring_v too_o soon_o for_o there_o aught_o to_o go_v a_o alias_o &_o plury_n retorn_a '_o habend_n before_o the_o return_n of_o elongata_fw-la and_o then_o and_o not_o before_o the_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la be_v proper_o bring_v the_o pledge_n be_v answerable_a contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la and_o the_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la be_v well_o bring_v and_o this_o ground_a upon_o the_o statute_n of_o w._n 2._o which_o direct_v pledge_n to_o be_v take_v before_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o good_n it_o take_v notice_n that_o replevin_n be_v sue_v in_o inferior_a court_n by_o the_o tenant_n against_o their_o lord_n who_o have_v distrain_v for_o rent_n due_a for_o service_n or_o custom_n and_o that_o such_o lord_n can_v not_o have_v justice_n do_v in_o those_o court_n and_o therefore_o to_o remedy_v this_o mischief_n the_o statute_n give_v the_o writ_n recordare_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o remove_v the_o pleint_a before_o the_o justice_n and_o because_o such_o tenant_n after_o they_o have_v replevied_a their_o cattle_n do_v usual_o
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of_o set_v of_o so_o many_o letter_n together_o but_o fill_v up_o the_o blank_n make_v they_o of_o another_o nature_n grant_n of_o thing_n of_o less_o moment_n have_v be_v adjudge_v monopoly_n 5._o 2_o rol._n abr._n 215._o pl._n 5._o as_o a_o patent_n for_o the_o sole_a make_n of_o all_o bill_n plea_n and_o brief_n in_o the_o council_n of_o york_n for_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n a_o like_a patent_n may_v be_v grant_v to_o make_v all_o declaration_n in_o the_o court_n of_o westminster_n hall_n curia_fw-la the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n to_o grant_v the_o sole_a print_n to_o a_o particular_a person_n all_o the_o case_n cite_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o reach_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o case_n for_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o thing_n of_o a_o public_a use_n and_o those_o which_o be_v public_a in_o their_o nature_n even_o almanac_n have_v be_v use_v to_o ill_a purpose_n as_o to_o foretell_v future_a event_n yet_o they_o be_v of_o public_a use_n to_o show_v 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the_o term_n of_o seven_o year_n he_o do_v thereupon_o covenant_n with_o he_o that_o he_o will_v not_o procure_v any_o person_n to_o obtain_v letter_n patent_n within_o that_o term_n to_o exercise_v that_o mystery_n alone_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o he_o do_v not_o procure_v any_o person_n to_o obtain_v letter_n patent_n etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v and_o assign_v for_o breach_n that_o the_o defendant_n do_v within_o that_o term_n procure_v letter_n patent_n for_o another_o person_n to_o use_v this_o mystery_n alone_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la petit_fw-la quod_fw-la inquiratur_fw-la per_fw-la patriam_fw-la and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n to_o the_o replication_n these_o exception_n be_v take_v 1._o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o set_v forth_o what_o term_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o letter_n patent_n 2._o that_o he_o have_v plead_v both_o record_n and_o fact_n together_o for_o the_o procure_n be_v the_o fact_n and_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v the_o record_n and_o then_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v conclude_v to_o the_o country_n prout_n patet_fw-la per_fw-la recordum_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o term_n contain_v in_o the_o letter_n patent_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o possible_o show_v it_o but_o if_o he_o have_v assign_v a_o full_a breach_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o then_o as_o to_o the_o other_o exception_n viz._n the_o plead_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n here_o be_v not_o matter_n of_o record_n here_o be_v a_o plain_a negative_a and_o affirmative_a upon_o which_o the_o issue_n be_v join_v and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o conclude_v &_o hoc_fw-la petit_fw-la etc._n etc._n curia_fw-la there_o be_v a_o covenant_n that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v not_o procure_v letter_n patent_n to_o hinder_v the_o plaintiff_n within_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o the_o partnership_n now_o this_o must_v be_v the_o matter_n upon_o which_o the_o breach_n arise_v and_o not_o 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upon_o the_o demise_n of_o henry_n jones_n tail_n what_o word_n in_o a_o will_v make_v a_o general_n tail_n of_o certain_a land_n in_o hampshire_n the_o jury_n find_v this_o special_a verdict_n follow_v viz._n that_o william_n holms_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n who_o by_o his_o last_o will_n date_v in_o the_o year_n 1633._o devise_v it_o to_o dorothy_n hopkins_n for_o life_n remainder_n to_o her_o first_o son_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o such_o first_o son_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o his_o cousin_n w._n with_o several_a remainder_n over_o and_o in_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o anne_n jones_n and_o to_o her_o heir_n who_o be_v the_o lessor_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o before_o the_o seal_n and_o publish_v of_o this_o will_n he_o make_v this_o memorandum_n viz._n memorandum_n that_o my_o will_n and_o mean_v be_v that_o dorothy_n hopkins_n
upon_o the_o estate_n which_o affidavit_fw-la be_v produce_v in_o court_n but_o not_o suffer_v to_o be_v read_v but_o as_o a_o note_n or_o letter_n unless_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v produce_v a_o witness_n to_o swear_v that_o he_o be_v present_a when_o the_o oath_n be_v take_v before_o the_o master_n and_o a_o objection_n be_v make_v to_o the_o settlement_n itself_o which_o recite_v that_o whereas_o a_o marriage_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v have_v between_o the_o say_v edmund_n goodier_n and_o elizabeth_n have_v now_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o and_o of_o a_o portion_n he_o convey_v the_o say_a manor_n to_o the_o feoffee_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n and_o after_o his_o decease_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_v elizabeth_n for_o life_n but_o do_v not_o say_v from_z and_z after_o the_o solemnisation_n of_o the_o say_a marriage_n so_o that_o if_o she_o have_v not_o marry_v mr._n goodier_n yet_o after_o his_o decease_n she_o will_v have_v enjoy_v the_o estate_n for_o life_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o jury_n find_v for_o the_o defendant_n dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la versus_fw-la coney_n and_o obrian_n the_o defendant_n be_v convict_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o mr._n 1._o murder_n be_v pardon_v by_o the_o name_n felonica_fw-la interfectio_fw-la and_o hold_v good_a 10_o e._n 3._o c._n 3._o 13_o r._n 2._o c._n 1._o tyrrwhite_n and_o mr._n forster_n in_o a_o duel_n and_o now_o plead_v their_o pardon_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o clause_n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o ed._n 3._o which_o appoint_v he_o that_o have_v a_o pardon_n of_o felony_n to_o find_v surety_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n before_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v and_o another_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la to_o the_o statute_n of_o r._n 2._o which_o enact_v that_o if_o the_o offence_n be_v not_o specify_v in_o the_o pardon_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v now_o the_o word_n murdrum_n be_v not_o in_o this_o pardon_n the_o offence_n be_v express_v by_o these_o general_a word_n felonica_fw-la interfectione_fw-la and_o whether_o it_o do_v extend_v to_o pardon_v murder_n be_v the_o question_n mr._n astry_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n inform_v the_o court_n that_o one_o alexander_n montgomery_n of_o eglington_n plead_v the_o like_a pardon_n for_o murder_n but_o it_o be_v hold_v insufficient_a and_o the_o court_n give_v he_o time_n to_o get_v his_o pardon_n amend_v which_o be_v do_v likewise_o in_o this_o case_n the_o defendant_n come_v again_o on_o another_o day_n and_o council_n be_v allow_v to_o plead_v for_o they_o insist_v that_o the_o pardon_n be_v good_a and_o that_o the_o murder_n be_v sufficient_o pardon_v by_o these_o word_n that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o pardon_v by_o general_a word_n and_o his_o intent_n do_v plain_o appear_v to_o pardon_v the_o defendant_n that_o the_o murder_n of_o a_o person_n be_v right_o express_v by_o felonious_a kill_n though_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o by_o the_o word_n murdrum_n itself_o the_o omission_n of_o which_o word_n will_v not_o make_v the_o pardon_v void_a and_o to_o prove_v this_o he_o cite_v the_o sheriff_n of_o norfolk_n case_n a._n 2_o r._n 3._o 7._o a._n who_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n during_o the_o time_n he_o be_v sheriff_n and_o be_v pardon_v by_o the_o name_n of_o j._n w._n esquire_n who_o be_v the_o same_o person_n de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la debitis_fw-la &_o computis_n etc._n etc._n afterward_o he_o be_v charge_v in_o the_o exchequer_n for_o 100_o l._n where_o he_o plead_v this_o pardon_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v good_a though_o he_o be_v not_o name_v sheriff_n and_o so_o not_o pardon_v by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o office_n yet_o the_o king_n intention_n appear_v in_o his_o charter_n and_o have_v pardon_v he_o by_o his_o right_a name_n that_o be_v sufficient_a and_o in_o that_o case_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v concern_v in_o point_n of_o interest_n the_o book_n all_o agree_v 234._o more_n 752._o lucas_n case_n 8_o co._n 18._o 3_o inst_z 234._o that_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o r._n 2._o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v murder_n by_o the_o word_n felony_n now_o this_o prerogative_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o inseparable_a from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n be_v not_o design_v to_o be_v whole_o restrain_v by_o that_o act_n for_o the_o parliament_n only_o intend_v that_o by_o specify_v the_o offence_n in_o the_o pardon_n the_o king_n shall_v be_v right_o inform_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o and_o when_o he_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v murder_n he_o will_v not_o grant_v a_o pardon_n but_o admit_v his_o power_n to_o be_v restrain_v by_o that_o statute_n 101._o stamf._n 101._o yet_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la be_v a_o dispensation_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o this_o pardon_n ought_v to_o be_v allow_v the_o pardon_n be_v hold_v good_a by_o the_o whole_a court_n and_o jefferies_n the_o chief_a justice_n say_v that_o he_o have_v propose_v this_o case_n to_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n 366._o sid._n 366._o and_o they_o be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o that_o he_o remember_v dudley_n case_n where_o a_o pardon_n in_o general_a word_n be_v allow_v de_fw-fr term._n sancti_fw-la hill_n anno_fw-la 35_o car._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1683_o 4._o brazen_a versus_fw-la dean_n a_o covenant_n upon_o a_o charter_n party_n for_o the_o freight_n of_o a_o ship_n bind_v a_o thing_n lawful_a to_o be_v do_v when_o the_o party_n do_v covenant_n to_o do_v it_o and_o afterward_o prohibit_v the_o covenant_n be_v bind_v the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o ship_n be_v load_v with_o french_a good_n prohibit_v by_o law_n to_o be_v import_v and_o upon_o demurrer_n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o the_o court_n be_v all_o of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v be_v lawful_a at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o defendant_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o covenant_n though_o it_o be_v afterward_o prohibit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o the_o covenant_n be_v bind_v barnes_n versus_fw-la edgard_n trespass_n for_o break_v his_o close_a and_o impounding_a of_o his_o cattle_n cost_v where_o damage_n be_v under_o 40_o s._n the_o plaintiff_n must_v have_v ordinary_a cost_v upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o verdict_n but_o damage_n under_o 40_o s._n whereupon_o mr._n livesay_n the_o secondary_a refuse_v to_o tar_v full_a cost_v allege_v it_o to_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o 22_o &_o 23_o car._n 2._o by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v 9_o 22_o &_o 23_o car._n 2._o cap._n 9_o that_o in_o all_o action_n of_o trespass_n assault_v and_o battery_n and_o other_o personal_a action_n wherein_o the_o judge_n shall_v not_o certify_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o record_n that_o a_o battery_n be_v prove_v or_o the_o freehold_a or_o title_n of_o the_o land_n chief_o in_o question_n if_o the_o jury_n find_v the_o damage_n under_o 40_o s._n the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v no_o more_o cost_v than_o damage_n mr._n pollexfen_v move_v for_o cost_v allege_v that_o this_o act_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o all_o trespass_n but_o only_o to_o such_o where_o the_o freehold_a of_o the_o land_n be_v in_o question_n if_o the_o action_n have_v be_v for_o a_o trespass_n in_o break_v his_o close_a and_o damage_n give_v under_o 40_o s._n there_o may_v not_o have_v be_v full_a cost_v but_o here_o be_v another_o count_n for_o impound_v the_o cattle_n of_o which_o the_o defendant_n be_v find_v guilty_a and_o therefore_o must_v have_v he_o cost_v the_o like_a case_n be_v adjudge_v in_o this_o court_n in_o hillary_n term_n last_o 232._o smith_n versus_fw-la batterton_n raym._n 487._o jones_n 232._o which_o be_v trespass_n for_o break_v and_o fling_v down_o stall_n in_o the_o market_n place_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o verdict_n and_o 2_o d._n damage_n and_o upon_o a_o debate_n whether_o he_o shall_v have_v full_a cost_v the_o court_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v not_o within_o that_o statute_n because_o the_o title_n can_v not_o come_v in_o question_n upon_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o chattel_n in_o the_o principal_a case_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v ordinary_a cost_v de_fw-fr termino_fw-la paschae_fw-la anno_fw-la 36_o car._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1684._o marsh_n versus_fw-la cutler_n the_o plaintiff_n obtain_v a_o judgement_n in_o a_o hundred_o court_n for_o 58_o s._n and_o 4_o d._n 530._o if_o debt_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o specialty_n for_o part_n of_o the_o sum_n the_o plaintiff_n must_v show_v how_o the_o other_o be_v discharge_v 2_o cro._n 498_o 499_o 529_o 530._o and_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o that_o judgement_n in_o this_o court_n for_o 58_o s._n only_o and_o do_v not_o show_v that_o the_o 4_o d._n be_v discharge_v and_o upon_o nultiel_n record_v plead_v and_o a_o demurrer_n to_o that_o plea_n the_o
sir_n edward_n herbert_n who_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o make_v chief_a justice_n there_o and_o sir_n francis_n wythens_n have_v his_o quietus_n the_o night_n before_o the_o same_o 21_o day_n of_o april_n after_o this_o removal_n the_o soldier_n be_v bring_v again_o to_o the_o bar_n and_o upon_o the_o motion_n of_o mr._n attorny_n be_v order_v by_o the_o new_a chief_a justice_n to_o be_v execute_v at_o plymouth_n which_o be_v do_v according_o wright_n chief_a justice_n holloway_n justice_n powel_n justice_n allibon_n justice_n monday_n may_v second_o nota._n a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o this_o court_n returnable_a in_o parliament_n which_o be_v prorogue_v from_o the_o 28_o day_n of_o april_n to_o the_o 22d_o day_n of_o november_n follow_v sir_n george_n treby_n move_v that_o it_o may_v be_v discharge_v for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o supersedeas_fw-la to_o this_o execution_n because_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a term_n which_o intervene_v between_o the_o testae_fw-la and_o return_v of_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n viz._n trinity-term_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o proclamation_n be_v no_o record_n it_o only_o show_v the_o present_a intention_n of_o the_o king_n which_o he_o may_v recall_v at_o any_o time_n but_o the_o court_n make_v no_o rule_n de_fw-fr term._n sanct._n trin._n anno_fw-la 2_o jac._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1686._o wright_n chief_a justice_n holloway_n justice_n powel_n justice_n allibon_n justice_n sawyer_n attorney_n general_n powis_n solicitor_n general_n the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n versus_fw-la rebow_n in_o a_o special_a action_n on_o the_o case_n men._n whether_o the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n to_o restrain_v trade_n to_o a_o particular_a number_n of_o men._n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 4._o there_o be_v a_o society_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n in_o england_n and_o that_o afterward_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v by_o her_o letter_n patent_n incorporate_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o company_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n etc._n etc._n and_o give_v they_o privilege_n to_o trade_n into_o holland_n zealand_n flanders_n brabant_n the_o country_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburgh_n and_o hamburgh_n prohibit_v all_o other_o not_o free_a of_o that_o company_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o do_v trade_n into_o those_o part_n and_o have_v thereby_o great_a privilege_n and_o advantage_n that_o the_o defendant_n not_o be_v free_a of_o the_o say_a company_n do_v trade_n into_o those_o part_n without_o their_o authority_n and_o import_v good_n from_o thence_o into_o this_o kingdom_n ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n plead_v as_o to_o hamburgh_n not-guilty_a 3._o 15_o e._n 3._o c._n 3._o and_o as_o to_o the_o other_o place_n he_o plead_v the_o statute_n of_o ed._n 3._o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v open_a to_o all_o merchant_n to_o pass_v with_o their_o merchandise_n whither_o they_o please_v the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o the_o defendant_n join_v in_o demurrer_n this_o case_n be_v now_o argue_v by_o council_n on_o both_o side_n the_o council_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o their_o argument_n make_v these_o point_n 1._o what_o power_n the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o prerogative_n to_o restrain_v his_o subject_n from_o trade_v to_o particular_a place_n 2._o admit_v he_o have_v such_o a_o prerogative_n whether_o a_o action_n on_o the_o case_n will_v lie_v as_o to_o the_o first_o point_v it_o be_v say_v 57_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o 2_o inst_z 57_o that_o all_o trade_n must_v be_v under_o some_o regulation_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o a_o absolute_a power_n to_o trade_n without_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o our_o book_n omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la which_o be_v mean_v of_o merchant_n stranger_n in_o amity_n with_o we_o and_o nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la must_v be_v by_o the_o king_n now_o if_o merchant_n stranger_n may_v be_v prohibit_v from_o come_v into_o england_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o king_n subject_n may_v be_v restrain_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o writ_n of_o ne_fw-la exeat_fw-la regnum_fw-la be_v frame_v 179._o f._n n._n b._n 85._o 3_o inst_z 179._o which_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o give_v by_o any_o particular_a statute_n the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o and_o such_o like_a case_n be_v so_o much_o favour_v by_o law_n 172._o 1_o leon._n 9_o more_n 172._o that_o he_o may_v by_o his_o privy_a seal_n command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o return_v out_o of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n or_o seize_v their_o land_n the_o first_o statute_n which_o regulate_v trade_n be_v 1._o 27_o e._n 3._o cap._n 1._o that_o which_o confine_v the_o staple_n to_o certain_a place_n that_o person_n may_v not_o go_v about_o in_o company_n to_o trade_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v market_n and_o if_o such_o be_v keep_v without_o the_o king_n be_v grant_v a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la will_v lie_v against_o they_o who_o continue_v it_o and_o the_o people_n who_o frequent_v those_o market_n be_v punishable_a by_o fine_a the_o law_n be_v plain_a 140._o f._n n._n b._n 125._o 2_o roll._n abr._n 140._o that_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o market_n shall_v be_v keep_v for_o if_o he_o grant_v one_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o such_o a_o place_n which_o may_v not_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o country_n yet_o the_o subject_n can_v go_v to_o no_o other_o and_o if_o they_o do_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n where_o they_o meet_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o action_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o grantee_n of_o the_o market_n a_o custom_n to_o restrain_v a_o man_n from_o the_o exercise_v of_o his_o trade_n in_o a_o particular_a place_n have_v be_v adjudge_v good_a 127._o sir_n g._n farmer_n be_v case_n cire_v in_o 8_o co._n 127._o as_o to_o have_v a_o bakehouse_n in_o such_o a_o manor_n and_o that_o no_o other_o shall_v use_v that_o trade_n there_o and_o as_o a_o man_n may_v be_v restrain_v by_o custom_n so_o he_o may_v restrain_v himself_o from_o use_v of_o a_o trade_n in_o a_o certain_a place_n joliffe_n 2_o cro._n brown_n versus_fw-la joliffe_n as_o if_o he_o promise_v upon_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n not_o to_o use_v the_o trade_n of_o a_o mercer_n in_o such_o a_o place_n and_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o trade_n shall_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v restrain_v so_o as_o to_o be_v manage_v only_o by_o freeman_n because_o it_o be_v of_o more_o advantage_n to_o the_o king_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o a_o company_n especial_o in_o london_n who_o may_v manage_v it_o with_o order_n and_o government_n that_o be_v by_o some_o power_n to_o restrain_v particular_a person_n from_o that_o liberty_n which_o otherwise_o they_o will_v use_v and_o therefore_o such_o company_n have_v always_o power_n to_o make_v by_o law_n to_o regulate_v trade_n which_o be_v the_o chief_n end_n of_o their_o incorporation_n and_o if_o such_o corporation_n have_v power_n to_o judge_v and_o determine_v who_o be_v fit_a person_n to_o exercise_v trade_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n the_o king_n have_v certain_o a_o great_a prerogative_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v fit_a to_o trade_n to_o particular_a place_n exclusive_a from_o the_o rest_n that_o the_o governor_n of_o corporation_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o such_o authority_n appear_v in_o townsend_n case_n 107._o sid._n 107._o who_o serve_v a_o apprenticeship_n to_o a_o tailor_n in_o oxford_n and_o be_v refuse_v by_o the_o mayor_n to_o be_v make_v a_o freeman_n of_o that_o city_n which_o show_v that_o if_o a_o person_n be_v not_o qualify_v he_o may_v be_v exclude_v this_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a company_n for_o cloth_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o this_o realm_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 3._o and_o be_v always_o under_o some_o government_n my_o lord_n roll_v quote_v the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o h._n 39_o 1_o h._n 5._o no._n 41._o 2_o abr._n roll._n 174._o placit_fw-la 39_o 5._o wherein_o the_o commons_o pray_v that_o all_o merchant_n may_v import_v or_o export_v their_o good_n to_o any_o place_n except_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o staple_n pay_v the_o custom_n take_v notice_n that_o this_o prayer_n be_v make_v against_o the_o company_n which_o prohibit_v such_o trade_n this_o show_v that_o even_a in_o those_o day_n trade_n be_v under_o a_o regulation_n king_n ed._n 11._o 34_o e._n 3._o c._n 18._o 38_o e._n 3._o c._n 11._o 3._o give_v licence_n to_o all_o merchant_n denizen_n who_o be_v not_o artificer_n to_o go_v into_o gascoigne_n for_o wine_n
the_o fine_a and_o non-claim_a the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v that_o robert_n basket_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n who_o by_o will_n devise_v it_o to_o philip_n basket_n and_o other_o for_o 99_o year_n with_o power_n to_o grant_v estate_n for_o the_o payment_n hf_n the_o debt_n and_o legacy_n of_o the_o testator_n the_o remainder_n in_o tail_n to_o john_n basket_n his_o brother_n but_o that_o if_o he_o give_v security_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a debt_n and_o legacy_n or_o shall_v pay_v the_o same_o within_o a_o time_n limit_v that_o then_o the_o trustee_n shall_v assign_v the_o term_n to_o he_o etc._n etc._n john_n basket_n enter_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o say_a trustee_n and_o receive_v the_o profit_n and_o pay_v all_o the_o legacy_n and_o all_o the_o debt_n but_o 18_o l._n the_o jury_n find_v that_o john_n have_v issue_v a_o daughter_n only_o by_o his_o first_o wife_n after_o who_o death_n he_o marry_v another_o woman_n and_o levy_v a_o fine_a and_o make_v a_o settlement_n in_o consideration_n of_o that_o marriage_n upon_o himself_o for_o life_n and_o upon_o his_o wife_n for_o life_n with_o divers_a remainder_n over_o that_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n by_o his_o second_o wife_n who_o enter_v and_o five_o year_n be_v pass_v without_o any_o claim_n etc._n etc._n and_o now_o the_o heir_n at_o law_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o trustee_n bring_v this_o action_n the_o question_n be_v 1._o whether_o the_o term_n for_o 99_o year_n thus_o devise_v to_o the_o trustee_n be_v bind_v by_o this_o fine_a and_o nonclaim_v or_o not_o 2._o whether_o it_o be_v divest_v and_o turn_v to_o a_o right_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o fine_a levy_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o than_o the_o fine_a can_v not_o operate_v upon_o it_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o as_o a_o disseisin_n be_v to_o a_o freehold_a so_o be_v a_o divest_v to_o a_o term_n and_o that_o a_o fine_a and_o non-claim_a be_v no_o bar_n but_o where_o the_o party_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o levy_n thereof_o have_v a_o will_n to_o enter_v and_o when_o the_o estate_n of_o which_o it_o be_v levy_v be_v turn_v to_o a_o right_n that_o in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n the_o entry_n of_o john_n basket_n be_v tortuous_a because_o the_o legal_a estate_n be_v still_o in_o the_o trustee_n but_o if_o he_o have_v gain_v any_o right_n by_o his_o entry_n it_o be_v only_o a_o tenancy_n at_o will_n to_o they_o for_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o devise_n and_o he_o enter_v by_o their_o consent_n and_o such_o a_o right_n be_v not_o assignable_a and_o then_o a_o fine_a levy_v be_v no_o barr._n to_o prove_v this_o 106._o 9_o co._n 106._o margaret_n prodger_n case_n be_v cite_v where_o the_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o john_n elizabeth_z and_o mary_n for_o their_o life_n and_o afterward_o by_o deed_n enroll_v sell_v the_o land_n to_o john_n in_o fee_n and_o levy_v a_o fine_a to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n etc._n etc._n and_o five_o year_n pass_v without_o any_o claim_n john_n die_v his_o son_n enter_v and_o levy_v another_o fine_a to_o trustee_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o margaret_n his_o wife_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o his_o own_o right_a heir_n the_o son_n die_v and_o his_o wife_n survive_v who_o have_v a_o freehold_a for_o life_n distrain_v and_o the_o husband_n of_o elizabeth_n bring_v a_o replevin_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o this_o fine_a and_o nonclaim_v do_v not_o bar_v those_o in_o remainder_n becase_n the_o bargain_n and_o sale_n to_o john_n do_v not_o divest_v their_o estate_n and_o turn_v it_o to_o a_o right_n for_o the_o lord_n do_v what_o he_o may_v do_v and_o john_n accept_v what_o he_o may_v lawful_o take_v who_o be_v in_o possession_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o particular_a estate_n for_o life_n can_v not_o by_o this_o acceptance_n divest_v the_o estate_n of_o she_o who_o have_v the_o freehold_a and_o the_o fine_a and_o nonclaim_v can_v not_o do_v it_o for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v he_o make_v any_o claim_n when_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demand_v and_o he_o who_o be_v so_o in_o possession_n need_v not_o make_v any_o claim_n either_o to_o avoid_v a_o fine_a or_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n now_o though_o at_o the_o common_a law_n there_o must_v be_v livery_n and_o seisin_n to_o create_v a_o estate_n of_o freehold_n case_n 3_o co._n fermer_n be_v case_n yet_o any_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o estate_n at_o will_n in_o which_o neither_o the_o inheritance_n or_o the_o title_n of_o the_o land_n be_v concern_v and_o therefore_o a_o fine_a levy_v by_o such_o a_o tenant_n be_v no_o barr._n it_o be_v true_a barns_n sid._n 458._o freeman_n versus_fw-la barns_n if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v for_o a_o hundred_o year_n in_o trust_n to_o attend_v the_o inheritance_n and_o cestuy_fw-fr que_fw-fr trust_n continue_v in_o possession_n and_o devise_n to_o another_o for_o fifty_o year_n and_o levy_v a_o fine_a and_o the_o five_o year_n pass_v without_o claim_n he_o be_v still_o in_o possession_n after_o the_o first_o lease_n make_v be_v thereby_o become_v tenant_n at_o will_n and_o by_o make_v the_o second_o lease_n the_o other_o be_v divest_v and_o turn_v to_o a_o right_n though_o he_o be_v not_o a_o disseisor_n and_o so_o it_o be_v bar_v by_o the_o fine_a because_o the_o cestuy_n que_fw-fr trust_n of_o the_o term_n of_o one_o hundred_o year_n be_v also_o owner_n of_o the_o inheritance_n but_o in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n john_n shall_v not_o be_v a_o disseisor_n but_o at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o trustee_n of_o the_o term_n of_o 99_o year_n to_o prove_v which_o there_o be_v many_o authority_n in_o the_o book_n as_o if_o tenant_n at_o will_v make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o the_o lessee_n enter_v 588._o latch_n 53._o 1_o leon._n 121._o lit._n sect._n 588._o it_o be_v not_o a_o disseisin_n but_o at_o the_o election_n of_o he_o who_o have_v the_o freehold_a and_o even_o in_o such_o case_n if_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o freehold_n shall_v make_v a_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v good_a though_o not_o make_v upon_o the_o land_n itself_o for_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v take_v to_o be_v out_o of_o possession_n but_o at_o his_o own_o election_n it_o be_v like_o the_o common_a case_n of_o a_o mortgagee_n for_o year_n where_o the_o mortgagor_n continue_v in_o possession_n twenty_o year_n afterward_o and_o pay_v the_o interest_n and_o in_o that_o time_n have_v make_v lease_n and_o levy_v a_o fine_a this_o shall_v not_o bar_v the_o mortgagee_n for_o the_o mortgagor_n be_v but_o tenant_n at_o will_n to_o he_o the_o trustee_n need_v not_o make_v any_o claim_n in_o this_o case_n because_o there_o be_v no_o transmutation_n of_o the_o possession_n so_o they_o can_v take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o fine_a it_o be_v true_a john_n basket_n enter_v by_o their_o consent_n but_o still_o as_o tenant_n at_o will_n to_o they_o and_o the_o act_n do_v by_o he_o after_o his_o entry_n will_v not_o do_v this_o term_n for_o though_o he_o make_v a_o bargain_n and_o sale_n of_o the_o land_n yet_o nothing_o will_v pass_v thereby_o but_o what_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o pass_v he_o likewise_o demise_v the_o land_n to_o vndertenants_a for_o year_n but_o it_o be_v not_o find_v that_o they_o enter_v but_o admit_v they_o do_v enter_v yet_o that_o can_v not_o displace_v this_o term_n for_o these_o tenant_n claim_v no_o more_o than_o for_o one_o or_o two_o year_n and_o make_v no_o pretence_n to_o the_o whole_a term._n but_o if_o by_o either_o of_o these_o act_v the_o term_n shall_v be_v divest_v yet_o still_o it_o must_v be_v at_o the_o election_n of_o those_o who_o have_v the_o interest_n in_o it_o 173._o dyer_n 61_o 62_o 173._o the_o case_n of_o 661._o of_o cro._n car._n 302._o 1_o rol._n abr._n 661._o blunden_n and_o baugh_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o littleton_n text_n sect._n 588._o be_v a_o authority_n to_o this_o purpose_n which_o be_v the_o father_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o his_o son_n be_v tenant_n at_o will_n who_o make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n than_o both_o father_n and_o son_n join_v in_o a_o fine_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o son_n for_o life_n and_o to_o elizabeth_n his_o wife_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o son_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a the_o lessee_n be_v in_o possession_n make_v a_o conveyance_n of_o the_o estate_n by_o bargain_n and_o sale_n to_o charles_n lord_n effingham_n who_o be_v son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n who_o make_v a_o lease_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n who_o be_v oust_v by_o the_o
first_o son_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v simon_n leach_n my_o brother_n lawful_o to_o be_v beget_v and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o body_n of_o such_o first_o son_n lawful_o to_o be_v beget_v with_o like_a remainder_n in_o tail_n male_a to_o the_o second_o three_o four_o etc._n etc._n son_n and_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o sir_n simon_n leach_n my_o kinsman_n be_v son_n and_o heir_n of_o simon_n leach_n of_o cadley_n in_o the_o county_n of_o devon_n '_o esquire_n decease_v and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o to_o be_v beget_v and_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o i_o the_o say_v nicholas_n leach_n for_o ever_o they_o find_v that_o nicholas_n leach_n die_v without_o issue_n that_o simon_n leach_n his_o brother_n and_o heir_n with_o remainder_n over_o in_o contingency_n as_o aforesaid_a enter_v and_o afterward_o marry_v anne_n the_o daughter_n of_o unton_n croke_n and_o that_o after_o the_o say_a marriage_n viz._n 20_o august_n 25_o car._n 2._o he_o execute_v a_o deed_n purport_v a_o bear_v *_o two_o month_n before_o a_o son_n be_v bear_v surrender_n of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n to_o sir_n simon_n leach_n in_o manner_n follow_v viz._n to_o all_o christian_a people_n etc._n etc._n i_o simon_n leach_n of_o elsefield_n in_o the_o county_n of_o oxon_n esquire_n send_v greeting_n know_v you_o that_o i_o the_o say_v simon_n leach_n for_o divers_a good_a cause_n and_o valuable_a consideration_n i_o hereunto_o move_v have_v grant_v surrender_v remised_a release_v and_o for_o ever_o quit_v claim_v and_o confirm_v and_o by_o these_o present_n do_v grant_v surrender_n remise_v release_v and_o for_o ever_o quit_v claim_n and_o confirm_v unto_o sir_n simon_n leach_n of_o cadley_n in_o the_o county_n of_o devon_n knight_n of_o the_o bath_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o assign_v for_o ever_o all_o and_o every_o the_o manor_n etc._n etc._n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a sir_n simon_n leach_n for_o ever_o they_o find_v that_o simon_n leach_n brother_n of_o the_o testator_n be_v not_o compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o seal_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o say_v surrender_v that_o on_o the_o 10_o day_n of_o november_n 25_o car._n 2._o which_o be_v two_o month_n after_o this_o surrender_n make_v the_o say_a simon_n leach_n have_v issue_n of_o his_o body_n charles_n leach_n who_o be_v his_o son_n and_o heir_n that_o he_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n enter_v and_o make_v a_o lease_n to_o tompson_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o he_o be_v possess_v until_o the_o defendant_n sir_n simon_n leach_n enter_v upon_o he_o etc._n etc._n two_o question_n be_v make_v upon_o this_o special_a verdict_n 1._o whether_o this_o surrender_n by_o a_o person_n non_fw-la compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o so_o can_v pass_v no_o estate_n to_o the_o surrendree_n for_o if_o so_o then_o though_o the_o idiot_n himself_o be_v estop_v by_o his_o own_o act_n yet_o that_o can_v be_v no_o bar_n to_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n because_o the_o act_n be_v void_a the_o estate_n in_o law_n still_o remain_v in_o he_o 2._o if_o it_o be_v not_o void_a in_o its_o self_n then_o whether_o it_o be_v voidable_a after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n by_o charles_n leach_n he_o claim_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o collateral_a remainder_n and_o not_o as_o heir_n at_o law_n to_o the_o devisor_n as_o to_o the_o first_o point_v it_o be_v argue_v that_o the_o case_n of_o lunatic_n and_o infant_n go_v hand_n in_o hand_n and_o that_o the_o same_o reason_n govern_v both_o that_o the_o law_n be_v clear_a that_o a_o surrender_v make_v by_o a_o infant_n be_v void_a therefore_o a_o surrender_n make_v by_o a_o person_n non_fw-la compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la be_v also_o void_a 10._o fleta_n lib._n 1._o c._n 11._o num_fw-la 10._o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o govern_v themselves_o and_o as_o fleta_n say_v semper_fw-la judicabuntur_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la b._n f.n.b._n 202._o a._n regist_n 238._o b._n if_o he_o make_v any_o conveyance_n of_o his_o land_n the_o law_n have_v provide_v a_o remedial_a writ_n even_o for_o himself_o to_o avoid_v his_o own_o alienation_n his_o feoffment_n be_v void_a 21._o 39_o h._n 6.42_o bract._n fol._n 12._o no._n 5._o fol._n 100_o 120._o brit._n cap._n 34._o fol._n 88_o perk._n 5._o pl._n 21._o and_o if_o warranties_n be_v annex_v those_o they_o be_v also_o void_a if_o he_o grant_v a_o rent-charge_a out_o of_o his_o land_n that_o be_v likewise_o void_a and_o if_o the_o grantee_n shall_v distrain_v for_o this_o rent_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o grantor_n his_o heir_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o he_o and_o therefore_o by_o parity_n of_o reason_n this_o surrender_n must_v be_v void_a in_o fitzherbert_n tit._n grantee_n pl._n 80._o there_o be_v a_o case_n to_o this_o purpose_n viz._n a_o assize_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o tenant_n suppose_v that_o he_o have_v no_o right_n of_o entry_n unless_o under_o a_o disseisor_n by_o who_o the_o brother_n of_o the_o demandant_n be_v disseise_v the_o tenant_n plead_v that_o the_o suppose_a disseisor_n be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o demandant_n who_o heir_n he_o then_o be_v and_o that_o his_o say_a father_n make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o tenant_n with_o warranty_n and_o demand_v judgement_n etc._n etc._n the_o demandant_n reply_v that_o his_o father_n at_o that_o time_n be_v non_fw-la compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o the_o tenant_n be_v compel_v to_o rejoin_v and_o take_v issue_n upon_o the_o insanity_n which_o show_v that_o if_o he_o be_v non_fw-la compos_fw-la he_o can_v not_o have_v make_v such_o a_o feoffment_n so_o if_o he_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n and_o afterward_o take_v back_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n 23._o fitz._n remitter_n pl._n 23._o the_o non_fw-la compos_fw-la shall_v be_v remit_v to_o his_o ancient_a title_n which_o show_v likewise_o that_o such_o feoffment_n be_v void_a for_o the_o remitter_n suppose_v a_o former_a right_n it_o be_v incongruous_a to_o say_v that_o act_v do_v by_o person_n of_o no_o discretion_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o valid_a in_o the_o law_n such_o be_v infant_n and_o lunatic_n and_o it_o stand_v with_o great_a reason_n that_o what_o they_o do_v shall_v be_v void_a especial_o when_o it_o go_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o estate_n therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o if_o a_o person_n non_fw-la compos_fw-la release_v his_o right_n that_o shall_v not_o bar_v the_o king_n in_o his_o life_n time_n but_o he_o shall_v seize_v the_o land_n and_o if_o he_o die_v his_o heir_n may_v bring_v the_o writ_n dum_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o may_v enter_v it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o a_o release_v make_v by_o a_o infant_n executor_n be_v no_o bar_n because_o it_o work_v in_o destruction_n of_o his_o interest_n 10._o 5_o co._n 27._o russel_n be_v case_n 34_o ass_n pl._n 10._o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o where_o a_o person_n non_fw-la compos_fw-la make_v a_o feoffment_n for_o that_o likewise_o destroy_v his_o estate_n so_o likewise_o a_o infant_n can_v neither_o surrender_v a_o future_a interest_n by_o his_o acceptance_n of_o a_o new_a lease_n 502._o cro._n car._n 502._o nor_o make_v a_o absolute_a surrender_n of_o a_o term_n of_o which_o he_o be_v possess_v for_o such_o a_o surrender_n by_o deed_n be_v void_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o if_o a_o man_n non_fw-la compos_fw-la make_v a_o feoffment_n by_o letter_n of_o attorney_n it_o be_v mere_o void_a because_o it_o be_v not_o deliver_v to_o the_o feoffee_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o feoffor_a but_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o it_o be_v deliver_v by_o he_o in_o person_n then_o it_o be_v only_o voidable_a at_o any_o time_n by_o action_n or_o entry_n 102._o finch_n be_v law_n 102._o and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v sir_n henry_n finch_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o the_o law_n who_o in_o the_o margin_n of_o his_o book_n quote_v several_a authority_n in_o the_o year_n book_n to_o justify_v this_o opinion_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o cite_v sir_n anthony_n fitzherbert_n natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la 10._o 35_o ass_n pl._n 10._o who_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o old_a authority_n seem_v to_o reject_v their_o reason_n who_o affirm_v a_o person_n non_fw-la compos_fw-la shall_v not_o avoid_v his_o own_o act_n when_o he_o recover_v his_o memory_n because_o he_o can_v then_o tell_v what_o he_o do_v when_o he_o be_v in_o his_o former_a condition_n but_o certain_o when_o he_o recover_v his_o judgement_n he_o be_v then_o of_o ability_n to_o consider_v what_o be_v do_v during_o his_o insanity_n and_o to_o avoid_v such_o act_n by_o show_v how_o his_o indisposition_n come_v by_o the_o