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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05185	The book of Ruth expounded in twenty eight sermons, by Levves Lauaterus of Tygurine, and by hym published in Latine, and now translated into Englishe by Ephraim Pagitt, a childe of eleuen yeares of age	Lavater, Ludwig, 1527-1586.; Pagitt, Ephraim, 1574 or 5-1647.	1586 (1586)	STC 15319; ESTC S108368	118,172	336

TO THE 〈…〉 Matrons and Mirrours of 〈◊〉 gratious Lady Anne Dutches of Sommerset 〈◊〉 right honourable Lady Brigirt Countesse 〈◊〉 Bedford the right vvorshipfull Mis●resse PHILIP PRYDEAVX Mistresse LVCE COTT●N and Mistresse Mary VVatts EPHRAIM PAGITT wisheth the encrease of all spirituall graces meete for this life and a full assuraunce of that honour whiche lasteth for euer I Haue not that libertye most noble Ladies and graue Matrons in this my Epistle to set foorth the praises either of you or of the work which I haue labored to send vnto you in Englishe But a● enforced as in an Apollogie to defende my selfe that I a child of eleuen yeares of age haue dealt in a matter of religion and presumed to dedicate the same to you For the first I aunswere there is no age freed nor exempted from the knowledge of God and the setting forth of his glorye so farre as he hath en●●bled them but as children are asson● subiect● to death as the olde so must they learne to dye and to yeeld accompt of that one talent which th● have ●●ether they haue emploied it to the vse of God who 〈◊〉 it them or no. Besides that I was emploied in it by the appointment of those my frends that in respect of the interest they haue in me the loue they beare mee the good they wish to come of this labour to suche step-parents and children in lawe which vnderstand not Latine that I could not deny them For the second it is not presumption that hath made me to dedicate it vnto you right Honourable Ladies and worthy Gentlewomen but a desire to yeeld thankes for the comfort which I my brother Sisters poore children haue receiued by the kindenes which hath often come from you to vs our parents in our necessities Therefore I beseeche your H. and Wor. in good part to take this booke which I with all humilitie do heere offer vnto you humbly praying that you widowes will receiue into England these good widowes Naomie Ruth come out of Moab sent as excellent paterns of vertues and godlynes by the holy ghost to all christians described and lineated by the sermons of that worthie Minister Maister Lauaterus of Tygurine Like will to like widowes come to widowes disdain thē not for their pouertye Haue they bene in trouble so haue al you Was Naomie a soiourner in a straunge countrie and lost there her husband so haue some of you Did Ruth leaue her countrie for religion So haue some of you Were they disdayned skoft and scorned at so are you of the worlde for your zeale in religion and loue to th● glorious gospell of Iesus Christ. Of the other 〈◊〉 are you come of noble birth are you of honorable calling so was Naomie of the royall and kingly tribe of Iudah and Ruth was maried to Boaz a man that sate in the gates of Iudah iudged Israel and was great grandfather to Dauid the king end so from these good women came kinges and princes to rule Gods people and at length the hope ioy and comfort of all mankinde our Sauiour Christ according to the fleshe Therefore Noble and Wor. matrons I pray you take it in good part that I haue bene so bold to ioyne you of seuerall estates togeather in this short Epistle but because yee are all in one estate of widdow-hode in one course of religion in like regarde of the weale of vs and our parentes I was so bolde to knitte you together entreating you that my childishnes which in this I haue shewed your wonted vertues may beare out toward your selues and as a vaile to couer from others till God giue me more knowledg and vnderstanding to amend it And I humbly pray the Lord to grant you as much comfort in your own children and in your sonnes and daughters in law as euer Naomie had in Ruth And as they had rest after their traueils and ioy after their sorrowes so the Lord geue you peace of consciences heere and after this pilgrimage that euerlasting rest which neuer shal be taken from you THE BOOKE OF Ruth expounded in 28 Sermons The first Sermon THIS Booke is named after RVTH a most excellent woman not for that she wrote it but because the historye is especially made of her for it maketh mention that shee was a MOABITE and by what occasion she was conuerted to the religion of ISRAELL and what she did likewise how she was maried to BOAZ a man of great authority was mother to OBED DAVIDS Grandfather So the little booke ESTER hath the name frō Queen ESTER the principall person which is spoken of in that booke Also the bookes of SAMVEL that I may at this time speake nothinge of others are named of the cheefe person For though wee do willingly graunt that SAMVEL the Prophet wrote the first booke vnto the 24. chapter yet it is certaine that he could not proceede any further For in the beginning of the 25. chapter is his death set downe and the other six chapters to the end of the book do containe things done after his death The second book which is also named after SAMVEL doth entreate onely of those thinges which were done after his death therfore could not be put in writing by him Yet it seemeth that it was therefore called by the name of SAMVEL because it prosecuteth the historie of DAVID whome SAMVEL annoynted king by the commaundement of God and for that it was written by some of his disciples as NATHAN or GAD put forth vnder the name of their maister Some thinke that this little booke of RVTH was written by SAMVEL other some that it was gathered out of that great book of the Chronicles of the Kings of ISRAELL and IVDA whereof there is mention made oft times in the books of the kinges The which is lost without the losse of doctrine necessary to saluatiō For that it is not that book of the Chronicles which is yet extát I haue shewed in my commentaries vpon that booke But who gathered this history out of that booke spoken of before or who wrotte the same ESRA or rather some other Prophet which florished in the time of the Iudges or afterwards I cannot certainly tell neither is it anye great matter to know how soeuer it was this ought to satisfie vs that this booke by the agreement of al men is nombred amongest the canonicall bookes of holy scriptures which by the motiō of the holy ghost are written of holy men and deliuered of God to his church and so wōderfully preserued through so manie dangers to our comfort and learning If thou hast a notable priuilege confirmed by the seale of some Emperour or king thou hast not regard of the name of the writer or of the penne which he vsed in writing it so sith it appeareth by the general cōsent of al godly mē that the holy ghost is author of this book we ought not to vse muche labour to knowe the

instrument which he vsed in writing it The argument or matter of this book is this ELIMELECH in the tyme of a famine went with his wife his two sonnes out of BETHLEHEM into the land of MOAB There the father dying the sonnes took them wiues of the MOABITISH woman who after certaine yeares died thēselues out of their owne coūtrie leauing their mother and wiues aliue NAOMIE in the mean seasō being certified that God had giuen plentie to his people consulted for her return into her country Both her daughters in law do accópanie her she doth exhort both of thē that they would tarry with their kindred ORPAH therefore doth returne to her owne But RVTH when she could not be drawne away from her came with her mother in law to Beth●ehem in the beginning of haruest The Bethlemites marueiled what NAOMI ment by her cōming In the meane season RVTH went forth to gather eares for to norish her selfe and her mother in law and it was not without the prouidēce of God that she came into the field of her kinseman BOAZ When he comming into his field vnderstood of his bayly what shee was hee doth speake to her courteously and charge hys seruauntes and reapers that they hurt not her she thanking him being laden by him went home and she tolde her mother in lawe in order euery thing that befell to her She doth giue her counsell that shee should goe priuily into BOAZ barne and that shee shoulde lye downe at his feete being a sleepe and require him to be her husband according to the law of God which cōmandeth the brother or kinsmā to marry the wife of the brother or kinsman that is departed without a son RVTH doth obey her mother in law she doth demaund marriage of BOAZ who doth aunswere that there is another who is neerer of kinne to her then he was and if he would yeeld his ●ight he would marry her And when on the next day that kinsmā renoūced his right before the Iudges BOAZ maried her begat of her OBED DAVIDS grādfather This whole historie seemeth especially to consist of two partes The first in the rehearsall of the miseries of NAOMI RVTH The next in the change of the estate of those women c. namely how God had made thé rich again whom he had throwne down into great pouertie The scope and the especiall intent of this history is that the genealogie of DAVID and so of our Lord and Sauior Iesus Christ might be shewed who was of his seede according to the fleshe Christ is the scope and end of the law prophetes Also we shal heare hereafter that this matter befell when the Iudges raigned ouer Israell therfore it is well placed after the booke of the Iudges And though this booke is small yet it doth contain many notable things yeeldeth great vse to all the parts of life and therefore it may be compared to pretious stones of which though many are little yet they haue certaine excellent vertues This commēdation of holy scripture which is written in the second Epistle of Saint PAVLE to TIMOTHIE and the 3. chapter doth appertayn to all holy bookes and therfore to this also The whole scripture is giuē by the inspiration of God and is profitable to teache to improue to correct to instruct in righteousnes that the man of God may be absolute being made perfect vnto all good workes And also in the 15. chapter to the ROMAINES For whatsoeuer thinges are written afore time are written for our learning that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might haue hope That wee may the better see the vse of this writing let vs mark some principal heads which are propounded in it Afterward euerie thing shall follow more fully in theyr places First as all holy bookes doe further vs to the knowledge of god so doth thys also For it doth teache that Christ the sonne of GOD came of the IEVVES and of the GENTILES which are sinners and therefore appertaineth to them both It doth teache that al thinges are gouerned by the prouidence of the most excellent and great God and also that by hys direction mariages are made betweene husb●ndes and wiues RVTH being willing to gather eares of corn that she might ●ether liuing fell into BO AZ fielde whiche was the occasion that shee b'ecan●e hys wife and mother to OBED We sh●ll see how God doth alwayes exercise t●e godly with diuers afflictions as pouertie barrennes bannishment and hunger and bring theyr estate to that passe so as they may seeme vtterly to be vndone but if they be not ouerwhelmed with aduersities but beare al things patiently looking for his heauenly helpe and calling on him oftentimes their afflictions are chaunged into a notable estate yea euen in this life Moreouer we shall learne out of this history howe God hath a care of the GENTILES and also that hee hath hys chosen amongest them as IETHRO NAAMAN the SIRIAN the widow of SAREPTA and the NINEVITES c Not that we say that they were saued without Christ. Also he would haue RAHAB and RVTH ioyned to the seed O ABRAHAM that the MESSIAS might be born of them in his appointed tyme. Wiues Mothers in lawe daughters in lawe widows fathers of housholds seruaūts labourers haue here notable examples to follow Let vs learne that strangers and poore men our kinsmē and those which are newly conuerted to true religion are to be well handled neither to be hurt in wordes nor deedes We haue a notable exāple propounded to vs how BOAZ kept his fayth also there are rewardes ordained for our vertues in this life Therfore let not any man say that it is all one whether we doe well or euill There are nine notable persons made mention of in this little booke ELIMELECH NAOMI MAHLON CHILION ORPAH RVTH BOAZ his bailiffe and the kinseman that did yeeld his right by euery one of them examples of our dueties are propounded to vs which by Gods assistāce we wil mark in theyr places Let vs giue great thanks for the vnspeakable gift of God that he would haue his holy scriptures to bee written and to be preserued through so many sharpe tempestes and read out of those fountaines to his Churches and let vs be occupied in them both day and night and cast away those lying and vnprofitable bookes in which fooles are most exercised CAP. 1 The 2. Sermon 1 In the time that the Iudges ruled there was a dearth in the land and a man of Bethlehem Iudah went to soiorne in the countrie of Moab he and his wife and his two sonnes 2 And the name of the man was Elimelech and the name of his wife Naomie and the names of his two sonnes Mahlon and Chilion Ephrathites of Bethlehem Iuda and when they came into the land of Moab they continued there THe thinges that are especially handled in this chapter are these ELIMELECH in the time of famine

RVTH and to take her ground he doth exhort BOAZ to vse his priuiledge he doth renounce his right by wordes and by an outward signe and token The law doth command a sister in law if her kinsman will not marry her to pull of his shooe and spit in his face adding so let it be done to the man who would not rayse vp seede to his kinsman and this mans house shal be called the house of him whose shooes were put off The Iewes had many superstitious opinions of this shooe of what leather it was and howe it shoulde be made and many other suche foolishe thinges whereby it may be perceiued how the fall away in the expounding of holy scriptures which cast away Christ the true light In this place the man himselfe puld off his shooe and not the kinsewoman to note him with ignomie nor spitte in his face peraduenture because BOAZ did willingly take his place accepting of the groūd together with the widow It is not sayd that RVTH was in the gate namely because that the kinsman was callenged to do his duety by BOAZ as BORRAV● writeth not by RVTH And I thinke that this lawe must not be expounded as it is commonly by that lawe in the 25. chap. of Deuter. of pulling off the shooe by the sister in-law c. But I doe thinke that it doth simply declare that this was a solempne custome amongest the Iewes of buying and selling of fieldes as if anie body will deliuer ouer his right and giue hys possession to another his shooe beyng drawne off hee giues it to another and he drawes it off himselfe And therfore I thinke that by the shooe is signified that the buyer hath hereafter power to walke and goe through it or ouer that field whiche was deliuered him of the seller Some men doe thinke that in the conspiracie of ABSOLON DAVID went barefooted because the putting off of the shooe was a token of giuing place 2. SAMVEL 15. Our country men professe that they giue ouer their right by giuing the hand globend an die hand Some doe think that the Prophet doth allude to this when he sayth in the 60. Psalme 10. verse I will cast my shooe ouer Edom Naeli some doe expound it my fetter In the 108. these same wordes are repeated Santes Sagninus doth cite R. Himanuel who doth expound it both a fetter and also a gloue Now the word Naal signifieth to goe and to shut or to locke The same RABBINE addeth that it was the maner of kinges when they besieged fortified townes to cast into it their gloues declaring that they would not depart from it before it were taken Santes doth apply that hither that Cicero writeth in 11. Philippica of Antoni For he was wont to take manicles those are gloues least they shoulde feare any longer besieging Yet this place of Cicero may otherwise be expounded For Manicles are such wherewith the hands are bound giues those thinges wherewith the feete are bound It is read in Virgilles Aenei 2. Ipse viro primus manicas atque arcta leuari Vincla iubet Priamus c. Priamus hauing pitie vpō Sinon losed his manicles which by epexegesis are called straight bondes PLAVTVS in ASINARIA the manicles coulde scarse compasse his hand c. therefore the meaning is he was woont to giue hym selfe by and by into the handes of his enemie There are also gloues of iron to defend the hand Iuuenalis Quale decus rerum si coniugis auctio fiat Baltheus manicae Cristae crurisque sinistri Dimidium tegmen If thou vnderstandest it this then this is the meaning they were woont by and by to take away theyr armour and deliuer themselues to theyr enimies they will fight noe more c. If thou doest vnderstande it of the sleeue of the garment it is the same meaning because that by and by theyr weapons being put away they put on their apparell In Virgill the 9. booke Numanus vpbrayding the Troyanes being besieged sayth And theyr coates haue long sleaues theyr heads are attired with miters But these things by the way Hitherto belongeth that also the Chalde paraphrase doth expoūd this place by the interpreter Quinquarborus And this was an olde and vsual custome amongst the Israelites when they did take or giue or redeeme or chaunge one with another that they might make sure he drew off who granted his right the gloue of his right hād and by that he did giue his possession to another so truely the Israelites were wont to giue ouer their possessions to their neighbors before witnesses furthermore the redeemer said vnto BOAZ buy it for thee Then BOAZ tooke the shoo of his right foot came into possessiē c. Here I do reméber the history of Conradinus the last Duke of Sueuias nephew to Frederick the Emperor who as Auentinus writeth in the 7. booke of Chronicles of the BOIARS complaineth much of the iniuries of the bishops of Rome nowe yeelding vp hys necke to the hangman to be cut off he throwing vp his gauntlets or gloues into the ayre sayd that he yeelded vppe by hys right his kingdomes of Arragon to the kyng his kinsman c. and these thinges fell out anno 1258. It appeareth that the Elders in manie thinges did vse the same rites and customes As in betrothinges amongst the Romanes the Bridegrome gaue to the Bride an iron ring Plinius in the three and thirtieth booke the first chapter afterwardes they beganne to geue golde Also they did vse water wine in contracting of marriages as a signe of marriage in the house of the married wife the keies are giuen her and when shee is deuorced they are taken away from her agayne Amongest vs the bridegrome and the bride do ioine hands togeather which is a signe of making marriage At this day the keyes are geuen to the conquerors the right of gouerning the city is deliuered to them Also in the hādling of seruauntes to geue them a boxe and driue them about house Also it was almost cōmon in al nations that they vsed some custome in the manner of choosing These were the ensignes of Emperours in old time Iuory chayres Laurell Crownes Iuory septers purpell sergeantes with rods and faggots and fier carried before them The Germayne emperours as TRITEMIVS witnesseth first the sword was girded to him next armor for his shoulders were put on after the scepter was geuen them after the crowne was put on their heads In other kingdomes the speare is onely geuen them sometime the sworde sometime both If any body will know more of these matters in the 22. 23. chapt of the most noble embassad our of the commō wealth and the most studious searche● out of all artes of antiquitie FRANCISCVS HOTOMANVS FEVDISTICVS of the which many things of this kinde are diligently obserued and marked of him out of diuers authours That kinseman doth yeeld vp all the right that was his he doth not aske the fielde for him and