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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	king_n	son_n	write_v	3,246	5	6.1858	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38741	Europæ modernæ speculum, or, A view of the empires, kingdoms, principalities, seignieuries [sic], and common-wealths of Europe in their present state, their government, policy, different interest and mutual aspect one towards another, from the treaty at Munster, anno 1648, to this present year.		1666 (1666)	Wing E3417A; ESTC R30444	129,187	283

account rhe Duke of Tuscany is looked upon as equally capable of assisting Austria or France against the Pope as the Pope against either of these To say truth saith my Author it stood with good reason of State that the Florentine should use all his wit to get this City and keep it which besides the accession of 150000. Ducats of yearly Revenue was a Rival with Florence in the Command of Tuscany only I may say of the Florentine as Count Imball once did Non supive dove contestesse O ingegni tanto celebrate de Florentini That I could never learn where the celebrated wit of the Florentines lay when they yielded to the King of Spain upon the Treaty 1558. the Ports 1. Piombino 2. Telamon 3. Droitello 4. Argenterats 5. Hercule 6. Longone of so much consequence upon the Mediterranean and Tuscan Seas that they do not only keep the Dukes of Tuscany at the Spaniards Devotion but likewise enable them to carry the Keyes of Italy at their girdle and become Lords Paramount of those Seas 5. The Islands in the Tuscan Seas as 1. Iola or Elba 10. miles from Piombino which if the Turks had they would be Masters of Province and Italy defended by two Castles on two little Mountains made impregnable by Art and Nature 2. Giglio bordering on the Genoese 3. Capraria not farr from Legorn Time was when the Popes of Rome had so great a kindness for this Dukedom that on the great Politician Cosmo de Medici's Coronet one of them caused this to be engraved His Quintus Pont. Max. ob eximiam dilectionem Religionis Catholicae Zelum praecipuumque justitiae Donavit But since when one of this Dukes Successors would have been created King of Tuscary the Pope answered That he was content he should be a King in Tuscany but not King of Tuscany Ever since which time the great Port on the main Land Legorn hath been well defended with 12. Galleys 2. Gallions 5. Galliasses the Maritime Strength of that Dukedom The Land hath been secured with 16000. Men alwayes in Armes under the most experienced Captains besides so many Fo rs and Towns in continual Garrison that his Estate is said to be made of Iron In which respect this Duke is a dreadful Neighbour both to Millain with whom he hath waged 5. Years War at a time and the Genoese and Lucans which he spareth only out of his respect to the Kingdom of Spain This Duke is at this day the richest Prince and this State the wisest Common-wealth in Europe able as well to buy the Popes friendship and look into the Intrigues of France which is their most profitable Friend and most dangerous Enemy The first in respect of Spain whose ambitious Counsels touching the seizure of Italy it disturbs The second in respect of Venice and Genoa whose troublesome Pretensions it may effectually assist Neither is the See of Romes favour less considerable to this State than the Realm of France's since besides it's mediation between this Dukedom the Empire in whose Court this Duke bestoweth 35000. Crowns yearly for favour if the Pope should be angry he hath an open Passage into Tuscany advantaged with supplyes of all kinds from Lombardy and Bononia whereas on the other side the Tuscan hath no way to invade St. Peter's Patrimony but over such craggy Mountains as no Army or Artillery can pass or be maintained Towards other Princes he carrieth a fair respect as willing to maintain the Trade of Legorn and Florence towards which and the Sea-Forces that must preserve it this Prince hath amassed an infinite treasure and may do very well but that the Genoans and Venetians have this advantage of him that they are as wise in publick Counsels as his People are in private and that they can alter their Resolutions with the Occasions whilst they of Florence stick to their Decrees notwithstanding all Events Besides that this Prince with the assistance of his Brother and Uncle of the Sacred College have this defect that they pretend to arrive at that in a short time to which other Potentates could not attain but by a succession of many Ages Yet the Dukedom being centred in the very Navel of Italy is thereby furthest from Invasion on all sides and the most participant of the Common Interest which may secure that State in the busiest times though a little over-awed by the Spaniard who holdeth in actual possession Pont Hercule Telemene and Piombino the Setlers as the Historians call them of Hetruria SARDINIA AN Unhealthy Place where there is no more fresh Water than what is rained down and kept from the VVinter to Summer which lyeth VVest of Sicily some 200. Miles from Cape Bo●● or Cape Cow being a convenient Passage into Africa the People of which Place are so given to Hunting Running and other riotous Matches and thereby so prone to Rebellion that the Spaniard permits not a Cutler amongst them but by reason of the ignorance of their Clergy and People so rude that after the Mass said by rote they will dance and sing in their Churches in a way unbecoming either an Alehouse or Tavern much devoted to the Church of Rome and for it's sake to the King of Spain who governeth it by a Vice-Roy who resides at Calaris and must of necessity be a Spaniard under whom are 2. Deputy-Governours Spaniards also the one for Cape Cagliari towards Africa and the other towards Cape Lugierdois towards Corsica both secured by the 3. Islands about them 1. Isola Rossa 2. Afineria 3. St. Peters which belong likewise to the King of Spain It 's security against the Turks this Place oweth to the Pisans and Genoans and it 's safety upon the French and other Nations Incursions into Africa it 's beholding for to Rome and Venice so that the King of Spain need not fear it as long as he is in the Genoans Books so much for Use-money in the Venetians for Trade and the Popes for Kingdoms SICILY THis Kingdom environed round with the Tuscan Sea contains 700. Miles in compass joyned to Italy by the narrow Streight Mestaena not a mile and a half broad shooting into the Sea with 3. Promontories 1. Capo de Bow Northward 2. Capo Passaw VVestward 3. Capo Boio Southward and secured by the 2. dangerous Gulphs Scilla and Charybdis The Granary formerly of Rome and now of Italy Spain and Barbary besides Malta and the adjacent Isles made up of 4. Provinces 1. Vallis de Noto Eastward 2. Mazam Southward 3. Mona Northward and 4. the Aeolian Islands VVestward by Don Pedro King of Arragon after the Sicilian Vespers added to Arragon and in right of Arragon to Spain with whose Fortunes it stands and falls It 's 7. chief Port Towns being guarded by 18. Men of VVar and it 's 3. Divisions kept under by 3000. Men. It were worth the while to understand the reason why so devout a Son of the Church of Rome as the King of Spain should renounce it's Supremacy in this

This Dukedom yet the first in Europe for Dignity was piece-mealed by the Venetians the Florentine Mantuan and others while it was in Contest and embroyled by Pretenders It is the Garden of Italy and for the delights and pleasures thereof so striven for by France and Spain in whose possession it now is It 's Revenue is computed worth 300. thousand Pound a Year but that never served to defray the Expence of the Government during the War by reason of the number of Garrisons that were constantly maintained but since the Peace it yields some advantage to the Crown of Spain As to the War in Hungary this Province is the ready way for the Forces of Spain to march for the relief of the Empire but instead thereof such Forces as can be made ready are bending the other way to the Sea coast to be embarqued for the War in Portugall so that the House of Austria is mainly disappointed of their great support in a very fatal Juncture And so much for Millain MANTUA IT is bounded and surrounded with Millain on the West Romandiola the Marca and Parma seized from a tyrannical Lord thereof by Lewis de Gonzaga in a tumult at Mantua and conferred upon him afterwards by the Emperour and in his Family this Dignity continues The Spantard and the Emperour Ferdinand the 2d made opposition and would not admit of the Duke of Nevers of France the next Heir to the deceased Duke but Lewis the 13th although engaged in the Rochel business by an Army sent into Italy relieved Casal distressed by the Spaniard who had spoyled Mantua and stated the Duke in quiet possession which brave and admired Enterprise was worthily reckoned as one of the great Actions of that King The Territory of this Duke is very large but his Revenue not so great as amounting to 230. thousand Pound sterling He is the next Prince in Dominion to the Florentine but more easie to his Subjects for he might improve his Exchequer by Imposts but either the danger or the uncustomariness of the thing makes him forbear it Besides he hath no Trade nor Sea-Ports as the Tuscan Duke being altogether inland but with this Intrado he lives like a Prince indeed though like the rest of the Princes of Italy they have scarce a Foot of Land of their own As to the Turkish War the Princes of this Territory were farr readier as were all the rest of the Feudatories of the Empire to assist the Germans than now they are for William one of those Dukes in Person with 2000. Foot and 500. Horse assisted the Emperour Maximilian the Second at the same time the Duke of Florence sent 3000. Foot the Duke of Savoy 600. Curasiers the Duke of Ferrara in Person led 1500. Horsemen and Henry of Lorrain Duke of Guise commanded 300. Gentlemen the Common-wealths of Genoa and Lucca assisted him with Money and at the same time being the Year 1566. and when Solyman took Zigeth several English Gentlemen served as Voluntiers for whose Families Honour I will particularize some of their Names as Mr. Greenvile Mr. Champernoon Mr. Cotton Mr. Pudshall Mr. Smith Captain George an eminent and skillful Commander But all these Italian Aides are now quite disappeared and they think themselves scarce secure with what Force they can make for their own Defence such are the Jealousies now in Italy This Duke is very well affected to the Imperial House as being near allyed to it but except some Money it is supposed he will not supply him with any thing else unless if such be the ill Fate of the Empire things come to Extremity He hath no Piques or Feuds any where but is a Prince of very great Esteem and Reputation and allianced with the best Families in Europe and yet he is less in Demesn and perhaps Interest having lately sold to the deceased Cardinal Mazarine his Dutchy of Nevers of which before in France MONTFERRAT THis pleasant Region is seated betwixt Piedmont and Millain and belongeth to the Duke of Mantua it is the best Flower in his Garden and yields him more profit It is moreover the best security of his Estates for herein stands the famous Casal the jealousie of the French and Spaniard In former times this Marquisate suffered much by several Intruders but being finally setled by the Emperour with Mantua upon the Family of Gonzaga with which it remains combined under the same Laws and Privileges MODENA and REGGIO THese 2. little Dutchies are situate in that great and fertile Territory once called Lombardy as are all these we have mentioned hitherto and were assigned by Clement the 8th to Caesar de Este the Grand-son by a Bastard to Alphonso the last Duke of Ferrara in lieu of his claim or pretence to that Dutchy the Pope with an Army of 20000. Foot and 2000. Horse perswades the Duke to accept of these Conditions of the Exchange with this clause also that he should acknowledge the Pope as his supreme Lord and therewithall he seized the said Dutchy and City of Ferrara as an Escheat to the Church Now although this be a small Dutchy yet are the Dukes of good Renown especially the last who approved himself an excellent Captain in the late War betwixt France and Spain in Italy on the behalf of France which procured that match between the now Duke Alphonso and one of the Cardinals beloved Neeces and whom he dowried well and hath legacied her in the same manner By the late Treaty between France and Spain the Spaniard is reconciled unto him at the instance of the French King and both Kings joyntly are to use their endeavours and supplications with his Holiness the Pope for the restitution of the Valleys of Comachio to him of which such often mention hath been made in the publick week Books This Comachio is a District of Marish Ground for the most part lying in the Dutchy of Ferrara and was formerly the Title of the House of Este before they had that of Ferrara given them by the Emperour and was their proper demesne Estate and Inheritance now when Clement the 8. possessed himself of this Dutchy and agreed by Treaty that all Lands or what properly belonged to the said Family of Este he notwithstanding seized upon this Estate with the rest without any distinction and hereupon Complaints have since been made to the Apostolical Chamber reinforced by the instances of the French King in which he hath engaged the Spaniard and lately made it a Pique against his Holiness This Duke like the rest of the Princes of Italy desires to be at peace and live in quiet nor to see no Armes in Italy now enjoying a serene tranquillity after a most tedious harassing War He is fast in the embraces of his beautiful Lady and will hardly arm himself like his Predecessor in the Emperours Cause some supplyes he may chance to send him of Money and do as his Neighbours that are Feifs of the Empire like himself and some Moneys the Emperour hath

Island forbidding any man upon pain of death to appeal to the Court of Rome insomuch that Baronius in his 11th Tome writes against him and he hath forbidden the Importation of that Book into either Naples or Sicily upon pain of Banishment to Noblemen and the Galleys to the common People Indeed since that Author hath taught the Court of Rome the supposititiousness of the Bull whereby Spain holds this Place it 's high time to exclude the Power of that Court and deny their Authority to dispose of it to any since they find not the Grant whereby it was bestowed on it But now the Affairs of Spain are so weak it were well the Jesuites were banished Sicily lest upon King Philip's death they solemnly divide what he as they alleged unlawfully united viz. the Temporal and the Spiritual Dominion and give to Caesar the things which are Caesars and the Pope the things that are the Popes making the Vice-Roy a King under the Emperour and the Bishops Dependents on the Pope To which Design the severity of the Governours a Spanish Errour here will contribute as much in Sicily as the Indulgence of the Emperour in Germany THE Kingdom OF NAPLES WHen we reflect on the State of this Kingdom the frequent Seditions in it were a Wonder considering the Settlement of the Spanish Reiglement but for Spains 2. Over-sights in Government alterations of Vice-Royes and oppression of Subjects and the present Peace were a Miracle considering the subtilty and restlessness of the Inhabitants but for Spains two politique Diversions the one more serious an hourly Devotion the other more jocund a daily Comedy they would revenge their being so poor but that they are kept so as well by their own vanity which is wisely humored as their Governours Impositions which are necessarily exacted besides the two Securities for their Peaceableness viz. 1. That the Commonalty thinketh all Employment above them but the Plough 2. That the Gentry judge all Business below them but their Pleasure the first of which humours will keep them too low and the second too bare to be troublesome to which I may add two more 1. Their Perfidy and Treachery that makes it impossible for them to trust one another in a Design 2. Their Rudeness Ignorance whereby they are capable of managing nothing but the great Horse Were not half the Neapolitan Clergy Dependents on the King Spain might be jealous of Rome and did not half hold of the Pope Rome might distrust Spain and because they were wholly neithers both might fear did not that in this last Age set up for the Spiritual Monarchy of this and this for the Temporal one of that The Fate of Italy is it 's only security against the French and that of Europe against the Turk while this last had often invaded it as they did 1433. had it not been the Key of Christendom and the first had often surprized it as they intended under Lewis the 12th but that is an Inlet into the Papacy though the People would out at the Back-door under the Saracen as formerly but that they choose slavery as they call their duty rather than barbarism And at the Fore-door under the French but that that is not an Escape but a change of pressures The Emissaries of Richlieu and Mazarine had often embroyled this Place had not those more numerous from the Pope secured it The Horse bestowed on his Holiness keeping the King of Spain in the Saddle and the Caution that the Church puts in at that Ceremony that she be not prejudiced in her Right is the best ground Of the other the King of Spain puts that he be not disturbed in his Power especially since the Duke of Modena could do the French against Arragon as much right as Gon Salvo did Arragon against France did not Millain bestir it's self on the one hand and had not the Pope diverted the French on the other Although the modern ambition of the Nepolitan Noblemen is more dangerous at this time than the antient pretension of the French King albeit bottomed on the Duke of Anjou's Adoption Pope Clement the 7th's Confirmation the last Will of the Duke of Main and the Agreement between Lewis the 12th and Ferdinand of Castile nothing obstructing but the Popes gift of it upon Spain did not the Spanish Preferment divide and the Castilian Army of 6000. Foot and 2000. Horse awe them and their King prove too hard for them I know not whether more by drayning 22000. Neapolitans into the Spanish Garrisons or by drawing 4000. Germans into the Neapolitan Besides that every second House maintains a foot Souldier a Janizary extraordinary sent out of Spain or Germany 1. Which together with the Spaniards firm League with the Pope 2. their Confederacy in Italy 3. their Impoverishing of the Nobility 4. their Indulgence to the Commonalty 5. their strong Navy at Sea 6. the Jealousies of France and Germany 7. the Largesses bestowed on the Clergy and 8. the Fears of Venice the 8. Branches of their Interest of State may secure the Peace of that unquiet Place for this Age if it escapes an alteration upon the death of the King of Spain whose Treasure is more beholding to the Gabals of Naples that come to 4. Millions of Crowns the People paying there for every thing they enjoy to their very Sallets than to the Mines of India that cost them more THE Republique OF RAGUSA THE Command of this puny State is of little Extent the Soyl very unfruitful and steril without any River and the City situated among abrupt Hills and many mighty Neighbours and nevertheless this Republique for some hundreds of Years when as other greater Soveraignties of Senia Bosnia Hungary c. were destroyed by the Turk hath not only preserved her self but advanced her Subjects in Wealth and Reputation She commands in the Dalmatian Coast from Cape Cumeno to Castelnuovo about 4. Miles into the Land as also over these 4. Islands Agosta Melada Inpana Calamita The City lying long-wayes is yet no more than 2000. Paces in it's Circumference and cannot be made greater or enlarged because of one side it lyeth against a Rock which commands it and on the other against the Sea And because Merchandise and Peace have flourished here so long it is built very narrow with high Houses and is full of Inhabitants who being necessitated to spread themselves among the adjacent Lands when they have gotten Estates fix at home It is fortified with Walls and quadrangular Towers ramm'd and filled with Earth but the impregnable Castle standing upon the aforesaid Rock and encompassed in a manner with the Sea commands both it and the Haven No man but a Gentleman of Ragusa hath any thing to do in the Government and he that marries with an under Degree loseth his Gentility by which means there are now but 24. Families All Gentlemen aged 20. are Members of the Great Council and of these Gentry there were lately in number 317. In all