gavel-reâ—ter_a etc._n etc._n whereof_o also_o i_o shall_v entreat_v further_o by_o and_o by_o be_v it_o then_o last_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o land_n mere_a descent_n in_o this_o kind_n to_o all_o the_o heir_n alike_o suppose_v a_o plurality_n of_o heir_n be_v all_o the_o regard_n those_o ancestor_n of_o we_o have_v to_o sway_v and_o regulate_v their_o judgement_n by_o to_o who_o the_o name_n the_o term_n do_v owe_v its_o first_o original_n be_v that_o in_o probability_n ground_n enough_o to_o satisfy_v they_o of_o the_o congruity_n and_o suitableness_n of_o the_o name_n to_o and_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n name_v as_o name_n we_o know_v shall_v suis_fw-la be_v vix_fw-la credo_fw-la i_o doubt_v it_o for_o my_o part_n in_o brief_a then_o to_o recollect_v what_o have_v be_v say_v 1._o if_o female_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o succession_n as_o well_o as_o male_n where_o the_o male_a issue_n fail_v 2._o if_o collateral_a kindred_n be_v capable_a thereof_o as_o well_o as_o those_o in_o the_o descendent_a line_n where_o such_o heir_n be_v want_v in_o both_o which_o kind_n gavelkynd_n land_n differ_v not_o from_o that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n 3._o if_o corporation_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n 4._o if_o such_o land_n may_v be_v pass_v away_o to_o mere_a stranger_n from_o the_o right_a heir_n 5._o if_o none_o may_v proper_o be_v call_v gavelkynd-land_n where_o a_o accustomable_a partition_n have_v not_o make_v way_n for_o it_o 6._o if_o there_o be_v partible_a land_n elsewhere_o out_o of_o kent_n that_o be_v not_o call_v gavelkynd_n 7._o if_o gavel_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o word_n find_v in_o some_o record_n of_o land_n out_o of_o kent_n and_o of_o other_o in_o kent_n will_v not_o bear_v the_o derivation_n of_o it_o from_o gifeeal_n without_o absurdity_n 8._o and_o last_o if_o name_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v sapient_a name_v then_o be_v gavelkynd_n after_o these_o man_n premise_a derivation_n in_o some_o sort_n a_o very_a scant_a narrow_a and_o partial_a in_o other_o a_o most_o incongruous_a and_o improper_a term_n to_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n by_o sure_o there_o be_v somewhat_o more_o peculiar_a to_o gavelkynd-land_n and_o of_o more_o note_n and_o eminency_n in_o it_o better_a serve_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n than_o this_o derivation_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o intimate_v and_o which_o first_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o imposition_n of_o that_o name_n upon_o it_o which_o lead_v i_o to_o my_o other_o the_o positive_a or_o affirmative_a proposition_n assert_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o term_n and_o show_v whence_o it_o be_v at_o first_o impose_v and_o afterward_o continue_v wherein_o i_o must_v confess_v mr._n lambard_n be_v as_o happy_a signify_v to_o go_v right_a in_o the_o latter_a of_o his_o two_o conjecture_n as_o he_o be_v before_o unlucky_a to_o miss_v of_o the_o right_n in_o his_o former_a yet_o in_o this_o passive_o unhappy_a though_o that_o the_o former_a through_o the_o advantage_n aforementioned_a whole_o take_v and_o be_v accept_v of_o all_o while_o the_o latter_a be_v receive_v and_o embrace_v of_o none_o but_o no_o great_a marvel_n since_o while_o some_o through_o ignorance_n can_v not_o judge_v of_o other_o haply_o for_o company_n will_v not_o question_v so_o plausible_a a_o derivation_n but_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o such_o as_o be_v any_o thing_n verse_v in_o saxon_a monument_n gafol_n be_v a_o word_n very_o obvious_a but_o vary_v sometime_o in_o the_o dialect_n as_o be_v write_v now_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d anon_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o few_o instance_n where_o it_o occurr_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n tribute_n mention_v in_o the_o 17_o of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n verse_n 24_o and_o 25_o as_o also_o in_o the_o 22_o of_o the_o same_o evangelist_n verse_n 17_o &_o 19_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a translation_n of_o the_o gospel_n turn_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o gospel_n at_o the_o 27_o verse_n it_o serve_v to_o express_v what_o there_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a translation_n be_v call_v in_o some_o book_n advantage_n in_o other_o usury_n agreeable_a to_o that_o in_o the_o saxon_a psalter_n psal_n 54._o vers_fw-la 11._o where_o usura_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a in_o the_o marginal_a version_n or_o read_n of_o the_o word_n be_v render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d occur_v in_o the_o first_o of_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o the_o council_n pag._n 194._o be_v of_o that_o learned_a knight_n expound_v to_o we_o by_o redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la pensiones_fw-la as_o it_o be_v again_o in_o his_o latin_a version_n of_o pope_n agatho's_n decretal_a epistle_n pag._n 164._o of_o the_o same_o council_n by_o redditus_fw-la in_o a_o old_a sanction_n of_o king_n edgar_n recite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o aedmerus_fw-la pag._n 153._o what_o be_v there_o in_o the_o latin_a read_n solitus_fw-la census_fw-la in_o the_o interlineary_a saxon_a version_n we_o find_v render_v there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hereunto_o i_o may_v add_v heap_n of_o instance_n take_v from_o the_o saxon_a law_n the_o mare_n clausum_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o but_o i_o forbear_v to_o exspatiate_v and_o to_o be_v short_a gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o doomsday-book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n elsewhere_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v gabellâ—_n abroad_o viz._n vectigal_n portorium_n tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n to_o which_o with_o 529._o mr._n lambard_n and_o 2._o sr._n edw._n coke_n let_v i_o add_v rent_n witness_n beside_o the_o former_a quotation_n what_o occurr_v in_o a_o ancient_a will_n or_o deed_n cant._n of_o one_o athelwird_n the_o donor_n of_o certain_a land_n at_o ickham_n in_o kent_n to_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n of_o man_n redemption_n 958._o where_o you_o may_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d heâ—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o anon_o after_o again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o passage_n under_o favour_n of_o the_o skilful_a in_o that_o language_n i_o shall_v render_v thus_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a after_o his_o day_n or_o death_n eadrith_n if_o he_o live_v shall_v enjoy_v or_o use_n it_o yield_v that_o rent_n which_o be_v impose_v on_o it_o that_o be_v v_o pound_n and_o every_o year_n or_o yearly_o one_o day_n farm_n or_o victual_n unto_o the_o covent_n that_o be_v xl_o measure_n call_v sextary_n of_o ale_n 12._o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a thus_o with_o the_o same_o or_o like_o rend_v that_o herein_o be_v appoint_v let_v i_o add_v what_o in_o another_o like_a record_n both_o for_o time_n and_o place_n occurr_v thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v and_o after_o both_o their_o day_n or_o death_n let_v eadsith_v the_o archbishop_n if_o he_o survive_v they_o have_v or_o take_v these_o land_n or_o else_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o time_n be_v unless_o some_o friend_n of_o they_o by_o or_o with_o the_o arch-bishop_n favour_n may_v continue_v to_o hold_v that_o land_n at_o or_o upon_o the_o accustom_a rent_n ur_fw-la upon_o what_o other_o contract_n or_o condition_n may_v be_v have_v or_o make_v with_o the_o archbishop_n then_o live_v or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v i_o shall_v add_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o from_o the_o grant_n of_o bocking_n a_o know_a place_n in_o essex_n to_o the_o same_o cathedral_n by_o one_o ethelrich_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 997._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v and_o i_o also_o give_v those_o two_o hide_n of_o land_n that_o eadrith_n rent_v or_o hire_v yearly_a for_o half_a a_o pound_n so_o that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v clear_a that_o ponere_fw-la terram_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o hire_v or_o let_v out_o land_v by_o or_o for_o rent_n or_o farm_n and_o by_o consequence_n terra_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la posita_fw-la take_v in_o its_o proper_a and_o genuine_a acception_n be_v land_n hire_v or_o let_v out_o to_o farm_n or_o for_o rent_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o word_n it_o comprehend_v beside_o all_o censual_a or_o tributary_n land_n as_o also_o what_o we_o call_v customary_a land_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o consuetudines_fw-la custom_n denote_v 58._o service_n and_o so_o take_v in_o all_o rent-service_n land_n which_o with_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n who_o call_v the_o
against_o it_o by_o the_o same_o swinbourne_n fol._n 113._o a._n give_v place_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o tripartite_a division_n witness_n beside_o mr._n lambard_n perambul_n pag._n 561._o what_o in_o a_o book_n late_o publish_v entitle_v the_o city-law_n and_o say_v to_o be_v translate_v from_o a_o ancient_a french_a manuscript_n pag._n 7._o be_v deliver_v in_o these_o word_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o when_o a_o citizen_n of_o the_o same_o city_n london_n have_v a_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o die_v all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o the_o say_a party_n decease_v after_o his_o debt_n be_v pay_v shall_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o one_o shall_v remain_v to_o the_o dead_a and_o shall_v be_v distribute_v for_o his_o soul_n benefit_n and_o the_o other_o part_n shall_v be_v to_o his_o wife_n and_o the_o three_o part_n to_o his_o child_n to_o be_v equal_o share_v between_o they_o notwithstanding_o any_o will_n make_v to_o the_o contrary_a etc._n etc._n but_o to_o proceed_v although_o glanvill_n bracton_n and_o fleta_n one_o and_o all_o seem_v to_o conclude_v for_o this_o rule_n or_o order_n of_o partition_n to_o obtain_v and_o take_v place_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o as_o this_o course_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v they_o but_z except_o where_o particular_a custom_n such_o as_o that_o whereon_o the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n be_v ground_v keep_v it_o up_o at_o length_n grow_v into_o disuse_a in_o the_o case_n both_o of_o testate_a and_o intestate_a person_n witness_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n the_o liberty_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n general_o use_v at_o pleasure_n to_o dispose_v of_o personal_a estate_n make_v by_o will_n and_o on_o the_o other_o the_o ordinary_n well-known_a power_n of_o distribution_n of_o intestates_fw-la good_n which_o be_v not_o without_o warrant_n from_o that_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o magna_n charta_n 18_o chap._n whereof_o in_o matthew_n paris_n and_o executio_fw-la elsewhere_o so_o with_o all_o these_o passage_n in_o glanvill_n bracton_n and_o fleta_n be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o what_o in_o the_o case_n of_o testate_a person_n themselves_o with_o almost_o the_o same_o breath_n deliver_v that_o i_o know_v not_o how_o possible_o to_o reconcile_v they_o whereof_o the_o former_a thus_o potest_fw-la enim_fw-la quilibet_fw-la homo_fw-la libre_fw-la majoribus_fw-la debitis_fw-la non_fw-la involutus_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o infirmitate_fw-la sua_fw-la rationabilem_fw-la divisam_fw-la facere_fw-la sub_fw-la hac_fw-la forma_fw-la secundùm_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la patriae_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la primò_fw-la de_fw-la meliore_fw-la &_o principaliore_fw-la re_fw-la quam_fw-la habet_fw-la recognoscat_fw-la deinde_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la postea_fw-la vero_fw-la alius_fw-la personas_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sua_fw-la quicquid_fw-la autem_fw-la diversarum_fw-la patriarum_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la teneant_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jura_fw-la regni_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o testamento_fw-la svo_fw-la alicui_fw-la personae_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la nisi_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sua_fw-la aliquid_fw-la relinquere_fw-la libera_fw-la enim_fw-la dicitur_fw-la esse_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la ultima_fw-la voluntas_fw-la secundùm_fw-la have_v leges_fw-la sicut_fw-la &_o secundùm_fw-la alius_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o other_o two_o to_o one_o effect_n thus_o cuilibet_fw-la autem_fw-la sit_fw-la licitum_fw-la facere_fw-la testamentum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o se_fw-la moventibus_fw-la &_o quatenus_fw-la superfuerit_fw-la deducto_fw-la aere_fw-la alieno_fw-la scilicet_fw-la debitis_fw-la aliorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v the_o same_o man_n more_o than_o seem_v to_o fight_v with_o and_o contradict_v themselves_o and_o how_o to_o set_v they_o agree_v be_v past_o my_o skill_n but_o indeed_o vix_fw-la tanti_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a since_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v what_o some_o eager_o contend_v for_o this_o rule_n and_o order_n of_o partition_n to_o have_v sometime_o be_v by_o law_n currant_n throughout_o the_o realm_n yet_o by_o general_a disusage_n and_o discontinuance_n it_o be_v now_o and_o that_o not_o late_o antiquate_v and_o vanish_v out_o of_o ure_n both_o in_o this_o of_o kent_n and_o other_o county_n survive_v only_o for_o aught_o i_o hear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o york_n and_o some_o few_o city_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v ever_o be_v revive_v at_o least_o in_o the_o case_n of_o testate_a person_n until_o first_o some_o way_n may_v if_o possible_o be_v find_v how_o to_o dissolve_v this_o knot_n and_o remove_v this_o rub_n of_o flat_a repugnancy_n and_o disagreement_n of_o those_o ancient_a author_n the_o vouch_a patron_n for_o it_o with_o themselves_o in_o the_o point_n i_o for_o my_o part_n save_v better_a judgement_n see_v but_o little_a reason_n and_o further_o than_o thus_o dare_v not_o in_o a_o case_n so_o controvert_v and_o canvas_v by_o learned_a and_o judicious_a lawyer_n interpose_v any_o judgement_n of_o my_o own_o proposition_n iu._n whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o tenure_n or_o a_o custom_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o i_o hope_v to_o usher_v in_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o quaere_fw-la with_o some_o digression_n concern_v tenor_n face_v then_o about_o and_o look_v back_o upon_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n inquire_v we_o out_o the_o tenor_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o then_o in_o use_n and_o what_o other_o succeed_v in_o their_o place_n afterward_o at_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n here_o i_o expect_v it_o shall_v be_v grant_v for_o it_o be_v avouch_v i_o be_o sure_a by_o several_a feuâ—um_n man_n of_o credit_n that_o before_o the_o conquest_n we_o be_v not_o in_o this_o kingdom_n acquaint_v with_o what_o since_o and_o to_o this_o day_n we_o call_v feoda_n foreiner_n feuda_n i._n e._n fief_n or_o fee_n either_o in_o that_o general_a sense_n i_o mean_v wherein_o they_o be_v discourse_v of_o and_o handle_v abroad_o in_o the_o book_n thence_o entitle_v de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la at_o home_n in_o that_o call_v littleton_n tenor_n or_o in_o that_o particular_o understand_v of_o we_o when_o we_o treat_v or_o speak_v of_o knights-fee_n which_o can_v not_o then_o be_v know_v here_o when_o knight_n themselves_o be_v not_o in_o be_v as_o say_v a_o record_n in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o canterbury_n whereof_o more_o 21._o anon_o they_o be_v not_o till_o the_o conqueror_n time_n or_o if_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v know_v to_o we_o yet_o in_o term_n certain_o they_o be_v not_o for_o the_o name_n of_o fee_n or_o feudum_n in_o this_o sense_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o our_o record_n or_o monument_n of_o those_o day_n now_o extant_a and_o of_o credit_n if_o myself_o and_o other_o have_v not_o be_v more_o unhappy_a to_o miss_v it_o than_o indiligent_a to_o seek_v it_o it_o be_v true_a it_o occurr_v in_o the_o five_o and_o six_o of_o the_o law_n ascribe_v to_o the_o confessor_n set_v forth_o by_o mr._n lambard_n in_o the_o varia_n lectio_fw-la there_o in_o the_o margin_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o text_n in_o each_o place_n read_v it_o fundo_n those_o law_n i_o take_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n especial_o as_o to_o their_o phrase_n carry_v not_o that_o antiquity_n but_o like_o those_o of_o like_a kind_n in_o scotland_n ascribe_v to_o king_n malcolm_n the_o 1._o second_o and_o king_n alureds_n will_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o story_n of_o his_o life_n pen_v by_o asserius_fw-la where_o the_o word_n several_a time_n occurr_n savour_v of_o a_o late_a dress_n the_o like_v no_o doubt_n may_v as_o true_o be_v say_v of_o that_o qui_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o the_o old_a latin_a version_n of_o king_n edgar_n law_n follow_v those_o in_o the_o original_a saxon_a set_v forth_o in_o the_o late_a edition_n of_o the_o council_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n pag._n 446._o and_o may_v we_o not_o upon_o this_o among_o other_o ground_n question_v those_o charter_n in_o croyland_n ingulphus_n thus_o far_o i_o mean_v as_o to_o doubt_v whether_o many_o if_o not_o the_o most_o of_o they_o speak_v not_o another_o than_o that_o tongue_n in_o which_o they_o be_v original_o pen_v as_o be_v by_o the_o author_n though_o english_a bear_v yet_o afterward_o normanize_v by_o converse_v there_o some_o time_n as_o a_o retainer_n and_o secretary_n to_o duke_n william_n afterward_o conqueror_n and_o king_n of_o england_n who_o story_n be_v pen_v in_o latin_a the_o better_a to_o suit_v with_o it_o teach_v to_o speak_v the_o latin_a of_o his_o time_n and_o late_a master_n native_a country_n upon_o this_o ground_n i_o say_v that_o among_o many_o other_o phrase_n scatter_v here_o and_o there_o not_o in_o use_n with_o the_o saxon_n nor_o ever_o hear_v of_o here_o in_o england_n till_o about_o ingulphus_n own_o time_n such_o as_o averia_fw-la ballivus_fw-la bedellus_fw-la communa_fw-la pasturae_fw-la justiciarius_n for_o be_v factura_fw-la tenura_n weif_n stray_v with_o many_o more_o such_o like_a which_o i_o forbear_v to_o name_n in_o this_o
precinct_n or_o circuit_n wherein_o such_o a_o jurisdiction_n and_o such_o privilege_n be_v to_o be_v exercise_v and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o a_o simple_a as_o a_o compound_a notion_n hence_o for_o the_o former_a socha_n of_o this_o and_o that_o place_n so_o obvious_a in_o domesday-book_n whereof_o some_o instance_n in_o ingulphus_n by_o name_n soka_n de_fw-fr donnedike_n soca_n de_fw-fr beltisford_n soca_n de_fw-fr have_v soca_n de_fw-fr acumesbury_n in_o this_o sense_n it_o frequent_o occurr_n in_o hen._n 1._o law_n where_o you_o may_v also_o often_o meet_v with_o elsewhere_o soca_fw-la placitorum_fw-la quam_fw-la quidam_fw-la habent_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la de_fw-la suis_fw-la and_o other_o such_o like_a passage_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n the_o register_n have_v it_o fol._n 1._o a._n as_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 5._o tract_n 1._o cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 3._o in_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr gâ—uâ—leto_fw-it make_v anno_fw-la 10._o edw._n 2._o where_o the_o custodes_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o soak_v be_v term_v sokerevi_n of_o dr._n cowell_n turn_v by_o sokerevi_fw-la rent-gatherers_a and_o in_o the_o statute_n also_o 32._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 29._o it_o be_v use_v according_o thus_o of_o soak_v or_o soken_n simple_o in_o composition_n it_o occurr_v often_o with_o port._n as_o for_o example_n the_o knighten_n gild_v sometime_o in_o or_o nâ—â—r_a east-smithfield_n london_n erect_v first_o by_o king_n edgar_n and_o confirm_v with_o some_o enlargement_n afterward_o by_o succeed_a king_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o ground_n enfranchise_v with_o special_a liberty_n to_o be_v enjoy_v within_o that_o extent_n of_o it_o set_v forth_o by_o 925._o sâ—ow_n be_v ancient_o call_v a_o soak_v and_o afterward_o because_o lie_v by_o eald-gate_n now_o algate_n port_n be_v add_v or_o rather_o prepose_v to_o it_o portsoken_n be_v for_o extent_n and_o otherwise_o i_o take_v it_o the_o same_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v know_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o portsoken-ward_n here_o now_o we_o find_v it_o restrain_v to_o a_o part_n only_o of_o a_o city_n a_o particular_a ward_n but_o in_o some_o ancient_a charter_n of_o liberty_n grant_v to_o several_a city_n and_o other_o like_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o particular_o to_o london_n you_o may_v find_v it_o spread_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a skit_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n without_o the_o wall_n as_o in_o h._n 3._o 252._o charter_n to_o that_o city_n ann_n 11._o of_o his_o reign_n et_fw-la quod_fw-la infra_fw-la muros_fw-la civitatis_fw-la neque_fw-la in_fw-la portsokne_v nemo_fw-la capiat_fw-la hospitium_fw-la per_fw-la vim_o sed_fw-la per_fw-la liberationem_fw-la mareschalli_n etc._n etc._n the_o like_a occurr_n in_o several_a charter_n to_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n whereof_o one_o be_v henry_n the_o second_o thus_o concessi_fw-la etiam_fw-la eye_n quietantiam_fw-la murdri_fw-la infra_fw-la urbem_fw-la &_o in_o portsoka_n &_o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la etc._n etc._n another_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o thus_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la de_fw-la civitate_fw-la vel_fw-la portsoka_n sua_fw-la captus_fw-la vel_fw-la rectatus_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la crimine_fw-la vel_fw-la forisfacto_fw-la pro_fw-la quâ—_n debeat_fw-la imprisonari_fw-la imprisonetur_fw-la alibi_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o prisona_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o little_a after_o et_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la externus_fw-la faciat_fw-la forstalluâ—â—_n in_fw-la civitate_fw-la praedicta_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o portsoka_n sua_fw-la ad_fw-la noâ—umentum_fw-la civium_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o spare_v to_o add_v more_o instance_n it_o be_v plain_a enough_o by_o these_o that_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o full_a extent_n of_o it_o be_v intend_v by_o portsoca_n you_o may_v call_v it_o not_o improper_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o franchise_n the_o forecited_n statute_n 32._o hen_n 8._o cap._n 29._o by_o occasion_n there_o give_v to_o mention_v the_o soak_v of_o osweldbeck_n in_o nottinghamshire_n use_v the_o term_n of_o lordship_n and_o soak_v indifferent_o to_o express_v the_o territory_n wherein_o the_o custom_n there_o mention_v take_v place_n whereby_o it_o seem_v our_o term_n soak_v also_o signify_v a_o lordship_n the_o word_n extend_v thither_o i_o conceive_v from_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o privilege_n so_o call_v throughout_o the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o lordship_n viz_o that_o whoever_o be_v dignify_v with_o it_o and_o its_o constant_a concomitant_a sac_n as_o regular_o all_o lord_n of_o manor_n be_v have_v that_o dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o matter_n of_o his_o territory_n or_o lordship_n as_o free_o to_o hold_v plea_n and_o have_v and_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o one_o and_o between_o the_o other_o in_o such_o matter_n i_o mean_v as_o in_o the_o language_n of_o hen._n 1._o it_o law_n exceed_v not_o his_o soch_n his_o cognizance_n as_o be_v haply_o regalia_z certain_z arduous_a or_o capital_a matter_n reserve_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n hence_o to_o have_v socne_n or_o to_o be_v so_o privilege_v after_o a_o book_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n be_v aver_v fraunche_n court_v de_fw-fr ses_fw-fr home_n answerable_a to_o that_o of_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 47._o soak_v say_v he_o significat_fw-la libertatem_fw-la curiae_fw-la tenentium_fw-la quam_fw-la socam_fw-la appellamus_fw-la as_o also_o to_o what_o i_o read_v in_o a_o old_a ms._n among_o other_o etymology_n of_o this_o kind_n nota_fw-la quod_fw-la sok_n est_fw-la quaedam_fw-la libertas_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la domini_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la curias_n svas_fw-la &_o habebunt_fw-la sectam_fw-la homagiorum_fw-la a_o great_a 230._o lawyer_n of_o our_o time_n give_v it_o this_o definition_n soc_n say_v he_o be_v a_o power_n or_o jurisdiction_n to_o have_v a_o free_a court_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n covenant_n and_o trespass_n of_o his_o man_n and_o tenant_n within_o a_o little_a after_o he_o proceed_v to_o derive_v it_o in_o a_o different_a way_n though_o not_o without_o some_o company_n to_o what_o be_v here_o afore-proposed_n how_o right_o judicent_fw-la aliâ—_n short_o soc_n soak_v socne_n and_o the_o like_a not_o to_o mention_v its_o derivation_n in_o clement_n reyner_n anglia_fw-it onomasticon_fw-la and_o some_o other_o betoken_v we_o see_v both_o a_o liberty_n privilege_n franchise_n etc._n etc._n and_o a_o precinct_n or_o territory_n wherein_o such_o a_o liberty_n etc._n etc._n be_v exercise_v if_o you_o will_v a_o sokmanry_n and_o resolve_v our_o socage_n the_o tenure_n so_o call_v to_o be_v deriveable_a from_o soak_v consider_v under_o one_o of_o these_o acception_n i_o stand_v irresolute_a a_o while_n to_o which_o of_o the_o twain_o i_o shall_v refer_v it_o once_o i_o intend_v to_o pitch_v upon_o the_o latter_a and_o then_o i_o think_v as_o the_o territory_n precinct_n extent_n circuit_n etc._n etc._n of_o a_o lordship_n or_o manor_n be_v call_v soca_n and_o socmanria_n so_o probable_o the_o man_n of_o that_o territory_n precinct_n etc._n etc._n in_o respect_n of_o their_o relation_n to_o that_o soak_v and_o their_o dependence_n upon_o it_o and_o the_o lord_n thereof_o by_o tenure_n be_v term_v socmanni_n that_o be_v man_n appertein_v to_o the_o soak_v or_o lordship_n quasi_fw-la socae_fw-la ascriptiiii_fw-la homines_fw-la socae_fw-la and_o consequent_o as_o in_o that_o respect_n the_o man_n be_v call_v socmanni_n so_o their_o service_n those_o duty_n in_o work_n provision_n money_n or_o otherwise_o which_o by_o their_o tenure_n they_o be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soak_v be_v call_v socage_n tract_n of_o time_n have_v add_v to_o soak_v or_o soc_n what_o a_o a._n famous_a lawyer_n of_o these_o time_n call_v a_o legal_a termination_n agium_fw-la in_o composition_n say_v he_o signify_v service_n or_o duty_n as_o homagium_fw-la the_o service_n of_o the_o man_n escâ—agium_n servitium_n scuti_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o the_o part_n be_v put_v together_o soc_n and_o agium_fw-la it_o come_v forth_o socagium_fw-la in_o latin_a socage_n in_o english_a thus_o i_o say_v be_v it_o sometime_o in_o my_o thought_n to_o have_v derive_v socage_n and_o indeed_o not_o altogether_o improper_o in_o a_o large_a sense_n all_o sort_n of_o tenant_n of_o or_o to_o a_o soak_v the_o caetus_fw-la tenentium_fw-la aut_fw-la vassallorum_fw-la mancrii_fw-la the_o homage_n as_o sometime_o call_v be_v from_o their_o relation_n to_o the_o soak_v or_o lordship_n and_o the_o lord_n thereof_o not_o unfit_o call_v socmanni_n and_o their_o service_n &_o tenure_n consequent_o socagium_fw-la but_o at_o length_n upon_o second_o thought_n i_o conclude_v this_o somewhat_o too_o large_a and_o vast_a a_o derivation_n as_o be_v comprehensive_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o tenant_n villein_n and_o all_o which_o with_o the_o villeinage_n author_n of_o the_o term_n of_o law_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v improper_o call_v sokeman_n or_o their_o tenure_n socage_n beside_o when_o i_o first_o pitch_v upon_o that_o derivation_n i_o conceive_v the_o tenant_n whole_a service_n to_o be_v if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o socal_a respect_v only_o the_o soak_v not_o foreign_a whereas_o afterward_o i_o
in_o that_o at_o rochester_n intervening_a and_o happen_v in_o the_o interim_n of_o those_o two_o statute_n the_o one_o of_o uses_n make_v anno_fw-la 27._o the_o other_o of_o will_n enact_v anno_fw-la 32._o hen._n 8._o ah_o time_n most_o proper_a for_o the_o custom_n if_o any_o such_o in_o be_v by_o iâ—s_a fruit_n the_o immediate_a free_a devise_n of_o land_n by_o will_n at_o pleasure_n without_o that_o mediate_a collateral_a and_o by-way_n that_o periphrasis_n of_o feoffment_n and_o their_o uses_n which_o now_o be_v out_o of_o door_n to_o assert_v and_o show_v itself_o all_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v plain_o tend_v to_o the_o dis-proof_n of_o this_o custom_n of_o devise_v land_n in_o kent_n by_o will_n before_o that_o statute_n of_o will_n as_o for_o example_n 1._o in_o the_o will_n of_o thomas_n bourne_n of_o tenterden_n date_v 3._o may_v 1538._o in_o the_o archdeacon_n registry_n at_o canterbury_n lib._n 21._o quatern_n 7._o and_o where_o say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o act_n late_o make_v to_o avoid_v use_n of_o will_n yet_o my_o mind_n be_v that_o clement_n my_o son_n shall_v have_v my_o house_n and_o shop_n in_o tenterden_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n to_o him_z in_o fee._n and_o that_o john_n bourne_n my_o son_n shall_v have_v all_o my_o land_n lie_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o hawkherst_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o fee._n and_o i_o give_v to_o my_o say_a son_n john_n xl_o s._n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v abide_v and_o stand_v to_o the_o divide_v and_o order_n of_o my_o land_n as_o my_o mind_n be_v before_o express_v and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o and_o abide_v the_o say_a order_n and_o division_n but_o to_o shift_v his_o part_n thorough_o than_o i_o will_v the_o say_v xl_o s._n shall_v remain_v and_o be_v have_v to_o alice_n my_o wife_n also_o i_o give_v to_o clement_n my_o son_n iij._o l._n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o do_v stand_v to_o and_o abide_v the_o division_n and_o order_n of_o my_o land_n and_o tenement_n according_a as_o my_o mind_n be_v before_o express_v and_o if_o the_o say_v clement_n de_fw-fr refuse_v my_o say_a order_n and_o division_n of_o my_o land_n and_o shift_v his_o part_n thorough_o than_o i_o will_v the_o say_v iij._o l._n shall_v remain_v and_o be_v have_v to_o alice_n my_o wife_n etc._n etc._n argument_n have_v there_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o devise_v land_n by_o will_n what_o need_v that_o notice_n to_o be_v take_v here_o of_o the_o act_n for_o avoid_v use_n of_o will_n and_o why_o be_v the_o testator_n put_v to_o it_o thus_o to_o work_v and_o wage_v his_o son_n to_o consent_v to_o that_o partition_n and_o division_n of_o his_o land_n by_o a_o legacy_n in_o money_n to_o be_v forfeict_v upon_o their_o refusal_n and_o for_o choose_v to_o shift_v or_o divide_v thorough_o as_o a_o thing_n in_o their_o power_n by_o law_n which_o can_v not_o be_v have_v there_o be_v any_o such_o custom_n 2._o in_o thomas_n sayer_n alias_o lamberd_n will_v of_o feversham_n date_v in_o may_n 1538._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n and_o book_n quatern_n 9_o some_o land_n be_v devise_v away_o from_o the_o two_o female_a inheritrice_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o a_o partition_n also_o make_v between_o they_o of_o other_o land_n whereupon_o a_o legacy_n in_o money_n be_v give_v to_o the_o heir_n at_o law_n to_o wage_v they_o to_o consent_n and_o condescend_v to_o that_o devise_n and_o division_n in_o these_o word_n item_n i_o will_v and_o bequeath_v to_o isabel_n and_o margaret_n my_o two_o daughter_n to_o each_o of_o they_o 6._o l._n 13._o s._n 4._o d._n to_o be_v pay_v to_o they_o by_o benet_n my_o wife_n in_o money_n or_o moneyworth_n in_o four_o year_n next_o after_o my_o decease_n upon_o condition_n that_o my_o say_v two_o daughter_n their_o heir_n and_o their_o assign_v to_o suffer_v this_o my_o present_a will_n and_o testament_n to_o take_v effect_n according_a as_o i_o before_o have_v will_v and_o if_o my_o say_v two_o daughter_n their_o heir_n and_o their_o assign_v do_v this_o refuse_v that_o my_o say_a will_n can_v take_v none_o effect_v according_a as_o i_o before_o have_v will_v than_o i_o will_v my_o say_v two_o daughter_n nor_o their_o assign_v shall_v take_v no_o benefit_n nor_o profit_n of_o none_o of_o my_o bequeath_v to_o they_o before_o bequeath_v etc._n etc._n argument_n the_o same_o quaere_fw-la here_o as_o before_o viz._n what_o need_v this_o conditional_a legacy_n in_o money_n have_v it_o not_o be_v free_a to_o they_o and_o in_o their_o power_n and_o choice_n whether_o his_o will_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o some_o land_n and_o for_o the_o division_n of_o other_o shall_v take_v effect_n or_o not_o 3._o in_o john_n crowmers_n will_n of_o pogylston_n esquire_n date_v in_o february_n 1538._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n book_n and_o quatern_n this_o clause_n to_o our_o purpose_n be_v remarkable_a item_n i_o will_v that_o each_o of_o my_o three_o daughter_n benet_n elizabeth_n and_o grace_n have_v 13._o l._n 6_o s._n 8._o d._n of_o such_o debt_n as_o their_o husband_n do_v owe_v i_o so_o that_o their_o husband_n be_v content_a that_o such_o land_n as_o i_o have_v purchase_v go_v according_a to_o my_o devise_n and_o will_n or_o else_o not_o etc._n etc._n argument_n the_o like_a quaerie_n here_o as_o before_o where_o also_o note_n that_o although_o he_o mention_v a_o devise_n of_o land_n by_o will_n yet_o no_o such_o will_n be_v either_o prove_v or_o register_v because_o probable_o incumbent_a and_o void_a in_o law_n the_o like_a whereof_o may_v be_v suppose_v of_o sparcklins_n will_n of_o thanet_n date_v in_o march_n 1539._o in_o the_o same_o book_n and_o registry_n quarern_v 14._o where_o his_o mansion_n place_n at_o bronston_n be_v say_v to_o be_v bequeath_v to_o his_o son_n john_n whereas_o no_o such_o thing_n appear_v by_o the_o approve_a will_n nor_o be_v any_o land_n at_o all_o devise_v by_o it_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o cacherells_n will_v of_o norborne_n date_a anno_o 1537._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n and_o book_n quatern_n 8._o where_o some_o legacy_n in_o money_n be_v charge_v upon_o a_o house_n there_o say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o party_n charge_v and_o his_o wife_n whereas_o no_o such_o gift_n appear_v by_o the_o will_n 4._o in_o sarlys_n will_n date_a anno_o 30._o hen._n 8._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n and_o book_n quatern_n 11._o where_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o his_o three_o daughter_n we_o have_v this_o clause_n item_n i_o will_v that_o he_o my_o brother_n shall_v have_v my_o part_n of_o my_o house_n at_o why_o call_v jancock_n during_o his_o life_n if_o that_o may_v be_v suffer_v by_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n 5._o in_o the_o will_n of_o william_n byx_n of_o linsted_n date_v 1538._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n lib._n 22._o quatern_n 1._o occurr_n this_o passage_n i_o will_v and_o bequeath_v all_o the_o profit_n commodity_n ferme_n rent_n of_o all_o my_o land_n whatsoever_o etc._n etc._n unto_o my_o brother_n germane_a laurence_n byx_n unto_o the_o timos_fw-la that_o my_o son_n laurence_n and_o nicholas_n come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o 22._o year_n etc._n etc._n also_o to_o my_o daughter_n marriage_n 10._o l._n to_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o those_o profit_n etc._n etc._n and_o pay_v by_o my_o brother_n laurence_n provide_v always_o if_o the_o law_n will_v not_o suffer_v nor_o admit_v my_o brother_n laurence_n to_o enjoy_v and_o take_v up_o the_o ferme_n etc._n etc._n of_o my_o land_n than_o i_o will_v that_o each_o of_o my_o say_a son_n etc._n etc._n shall_v pay_v the_o say_v 10._o l._n unto_o my_o say_a daughter_n marriage_n etc._n etc._n 6._o thomas_n hunt_v of_o pluck_o in_o his_o will_n date_v in_o the_o year_n no_o month_n 1540_o probable_o some_o time_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n that_o year_n make_v in_o the_o same_o registry_n book_n and_o quatern_n give_v to_o his_o wife_n the_o issue_n of_o his_o land_n for_o life_n and_o after_o her_o death_n the_o land_n themselves_o to_o his_o son_n john_n charge_v with_o some_o legacy_n in_o money_n to_o his_o young_a brother_n anthony_n and_o his_o child_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n if_o this_o my_o will_n say_v he_o stand_v not_o good_a and_o effectual_a in_o the_o law_n than_o i_o will_v that_o my_o say_a message_n and_o premise_n after_o the_o death_n of_o my_o say_a wife_n shall_v remain_v to_o my_o say_v two_o son_n i._o and_o a._n and_o to_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o etc._n etc._n 7._o the_o like_a clause_n to_o this_o occurr_n in_o the_o will_n of_o john_n hubberd_n of_o westerham_n date_v the_o 23th_o of_o july_n 1537._o in_o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n registry_n viz._n also_o if_o it_o do_v please_v god_n to_o visit_v my_o wife_n and_o all_o my_o child_n with_o death_n than_o
wear_v and_o beat_v out_o of_o state_n and_o therefore_o of_o necessity_n lie_v over_o year_n and_o be_v convert_v from_o tillage_n to_o pasture_n until_o it_o may_v recover_v state_n and_o be_v fit_a for_o tillage_n again_o the_o term_n or_o denomination_n come_v from_o the_o french_a susanné_fw-fr signify_v stale_a grow_v old_a past_o the_o best_a or_o overwear_v with_o year_n the_o eleven_o forland_n the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o that_o forland_n we_o otherwise_o use_v to_o call_v fore-aker_n whereof_o see_v more_o in_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi glossary_a verb._n forera_n the_o twelve_o and_o last_o bord-land_n that_o hold_v and_o bord-land_n occupy_v by_o the_o bordarii_n or_o bordmanuâ—_n the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o with_o the_o french_a bordâ—ers_n i._n e._n villein_n or_o cottager_n such_o as_o hold_v by_o a_o servile_a base_a and_o drudge_a tenure_n of_o they_o call_v bordage_n you_o may_v read_v both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o old_a grand_fw-fr custumier_fw-fr of_o normandy_n cap._n 53._o within_o the_o â—ignification_n of_o the_o word_n bordland_n be_v comprehend_v also_o as_o be_v already_o hinâ—ed_v in_o this_o chapter_n land_v hold_v in_o demesme_fw-fr of_o the_o saxon_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o design_v to_o the_o furnish_n of_o the_o lord_n board_n or_o table_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n in_o victual_n for_o which_o see_v bracton_n lib._n 4._o tract_n 3._o cap._n 9_o num_fw-la 5._o which_o kind_n of_o fosterland_n land_n the_o saxon_n use_v to_o call_v fosterland_n quasi_fw-la foster_a land_n that_o be_v land_n ad_fw-la victum_fw-la a_o term_n obvious_a and_o very_a frequent_a with_o the_o religious_a man_n of_o those_o day_n who_o as_o they_o have_v their_o special_a ferm_n and_o portion_n of_o land_n assign_v they_o ad_fw-la victum_fw-la so_o have_v they_o other_o as_o peculiar_a to_o their_o clothing_n or_o apparel_v land_n ad_fw-la vestitum_fw-la which_o from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vestis_fw-la or_o vestimentum_fw-la they_o call_v scrudland_n they_o have_v withal_o their_o sextary-land_n sextary-land_n which_o be_v such_o as_o appertein_v to_o the_o office_n and_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o sacrist_n or_o sexton_n and_o be_v design_v chief_o to_o the_o uphold_v &_o maintenance_n of_o their_o church_n or_o temple_n both_o in_o the_o fabric_n and_o ornament_n beside_o all_o these_o they_o have_v their_o almesâ—and_n which_o be_v that_o appropriate_a to_o their_o almnery_n almestand_n a_o parcel_n or_o place_n of_o the_o monastery_n set_v apart_o for_o harbour_n and_o relief_n to_o such_o poor_a people_n for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o be_v ally_v or_o otherwise_o relate_v to_o the_o monk_n i_o may_v not_o heâ—e_o omit_v over-land_n a_o name_n attribute_v over-land_n to_o such_o land_n as_o lie_v by_o or_o along_o a_o river_n side_n and_o come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n margo_fw-la the_o bank_n of_o a_o river_n whence_o that_o know_a place_n name_v lie_v by_o london_n alongst_o the_o thames-side_n call_v st._n marry_o oueris_n compound_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a over_o and_o ree_n betoken_v a_o river_n or_o current_n of_o water_n land_n of_o this_o name_n we_o have_v at_o or_o near_o ash_n in_o kent_n alongst_o the_o stour-side_n run_v to_o sandwich_n town_n and_o haven_n i_o may_v to_o these_o add_v monday-land_n and_o the_o like_a monday-land_n which_o with_o it_o fellow_n borrow_a denomination_n from_o this_o or_o that_o week_n day_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o tenant_n obligation_n to_o such_o or_o such_o servile_a work_n or_o service_n upon_o such_o or_o such_o day_n of_o the_o week_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o land_n but_o i_o purpose_v to_o digress_v no_o long_o have_v for_o brevity_n sake_n witting_o omit_v the_o quotation_n of_o the_o place_n where_o these_o several_a name_n occur_v which_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v willing_o have_v add_v and_o shall_v only_o in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 23._o present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o copy_n of_o a_o saxon_a charter_n make_v mention_n of_o those_o two_o fosterland_n and_o scrudland_n as_o somewhat_o more_o remarkable_a than_o the_o rest_n now_o return_v to_o our_o bocland_n you_o must_v know_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o introduction_n of_o new_a tenor_n by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o do_v not_o straightway_o forgo_v our_o bocland_n that_o kind_n of_o tenure_n i_o mean_v but_o retain_v it_o both_o name_n and_o thing_n witness_v first_o what_o occurr_v in_o cantuar._n a_o deed_n sans_o date_n of_o certain_a message_n by_o roger_n son_n of_o john_n alderman_n of_o radingate_n in_o canterbury_n grant_v in_o frankalmoigne_n to_o st._n laurence_n hospital_n near_o the_o city_n found_v by_o hugh_n of_o that_o name_n the_o second_o abbot_z of_o st._n augustine_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1137._o viz._n duo_o messuagia_fw-la quae_fw-la sita_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la d_o bocland_n de_fw-fr qua_fw-la nulli_fw-la respondeâ—_n etc._n etc._n where_o we_o have_v not_o only_a bocland_n mention_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o also_o in_o part_n seâ—_n forth_o witness_v also_o another_o passage_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o a_o like_o ancient_a cant._n charter_n to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o parcel_n of_o land_n lie_v without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n between_o queningate_n and_o burgâ—â—e_n run_v thus_o volo_fw-la autem_fw-la ut_fw-la monachi_fw-la teneant_fw-la terram_fw-la illam_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberam_fw-la sicut_fw-la ego_fw-la &_o antecessores_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o nemini_fw-la inde_fw-la respondeant_fw-la witness_v last_o domesday_n book_n itself_o where_o though_o haply_o not_o the_o name_n of_o it_o as_o neither_o of_o folcland_n saxon_a term_n both_o yet_o the_o thing_n to_o my_o apprehension_n be_v very_o obvious_a and_o often_o occur_v under_o the_o name_n and_o notion_n sometime_o of_o tainland_n otherwhile_o and_o i_o think_v more_o often_o of_o allodium_fw-la hence_o the_o phrase_n for_o the_o former_a of_o 170._o clamare_fw-la ad_fw-la tainland_n of_o tenere_fw-la in_o alodio_n for_o the_o other_o both_o take_v up_o as_o i_o conceive_v in_o opposition_n to_o fee_n but_o the_o former_a so_o term_v because_o indeed_o bocland_n or_o alodium_n be_v proper_o tenable_a by_o thanes_z hence_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o king_n cnute_n law_n par_fw-fr 1._o thegn_n and_o bocland_n in_o the_o original_a saxon_a as_o thegen_n and_o allodium_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a version_n in_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la meet_v as_o relative_n not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o hold_v by_o ceorles_n as_o who_o be_v not_o incapable_a of_o hold_v it_o witness_v the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o saxon_a fragment_n in_o mr._n lambard_n whereof_o before_o but_o when_o so_o as_o improper_o there_o and_o as_o much_o out_o of_o place_n as_o knight_n fee_n proper_a to_o knight_n and_o the_o noble_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o socagers_n hand_n or_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sockman_n who_o proper_a tenure_n be_v that_o of_o gafolland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o you_o have_v it_o before_o i_o have_v often_o much_o wonder_v with_o myself_o whence_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o diverse_a of_o our_o canterbury_n house_n and_o ground_n at_o this_o day_n pay_v no_o quitrent_n at_o all_o which_o other_o in_o the_o same_o place_n though_o hold_v in_o free_a burgage_n be_v know_v to_o do_v but_o consider_v afterward_o with_o myself_o that_o bocland_n often_o occurr_v in_o canterbury_n landboc_n as_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n i_o at_o length_n conclude_v at_o least_o conceive_v such_o house_n and_o ground_n to_o be_v the_o remain_v of_o our_o ancient_a bocland_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v still_o survive_v in_o they_o as_o if_o hold_v in_o allodium_fw-la pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la without_o all_o manner_n of_o chargeable_a service_n and_o no_o other_o probable_o than_o part_n of_o those_o eighty_o acre_n of_o land_n or_o the_o like_a in_o canterbury_n survey_n in_o domesday-book_n thus_o express_v habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la it_o be_v speak_v of_o ranulfus_n de_fw-fr columber_n quater_fw-la viginti_fw-la aâ—r_fw-la as_o terrae_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la quas_fw-la tenebant_fw-la burgenses_n in_o alodio_n so_o i_o read_v it_o rather_o than_o alodia_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la or_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n sometime_o of_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n now_o with_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n read_v it_o item_n dicuat_fw-la burgenses_n quod_fw-la idem_fw-la ranulfus_n tenet_fw-la quatuâ—r_fw-la viginti_fw-la agros_fw-la de_fw-la allodiis_fw-la eorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o same_o domesday-book_n to_o prosecute_v this_o discourse_n of_o allodium_fw-la a_o little_a further_o make_v mention_v particular_o of_o some_o allodiarii_n by_o name_n in_o that_o kentish_a survey_n allodiarii_fw-la and_o there_o also_o we_o may_v read_v to_o this_o
purpose_n have_v forisfactur_n as_o habet_fw-la rex_fw-la super_fw-la omnes_fw-la alodiarios_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la chent_fw-fr &_o super_fw-la homines_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la and_o in_o cantia_n quando_fw-la moritur_fw-la alodiarius_n rex_fw-la inde_fw-la habet_fw-la relevationem_fw-la terrae_fw-la excepta_fw-la terrae_fw-la s._n trinitatis_fw-la &_o s._n augustini_fw-la &_o s._n martini_n &_o exceptis_fw-la his_o godric_n de_fw-fr burnes_n &_o godric_n the_o carlesone_n &_o aelnold_n cilt_v &_o esber_n biga_fw-la siret_fw-la de_fw-fr cilleham_n these_o last_o three_o be_v mention_v also_o in_o the_o survey_n there_o of_o canterbury_n among_o those_o who_o land_n be_v sac_n and_o soc-free_a i._n e._n quit_v against_o the_o king_n of_o sac_n and_o soc_n &_o turgis_n &_o norman_a &_o azor._fw-la super_fw-la istos_fw-la habet_fw-la rex_fw-la forisfactur_n be_fw-mi de_fw-fr capitibus_fw-la eorum_fw-la tantummodc_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr terris_fw-la eorum_fw-la habent_fw-la relevamen_fw-la qui_fw-la habent_fw-la svam_fw-la socam_fw-la &_o sacam_fw-la i_o rather_o read_v it_o habent_fw-la than_o habet_fw-la relevamen_fw-la because_o by_o charter_n both_o of_o the_o cathedral_n and_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n of_o those_o succeed_a time_n i_o find_v the_o monk_n in_o each_o place_n privilege_v with_o the_o liberty_n of_o sac_n and_o soc_n etc._n etc._n over_o their_o allodiarii_n as_o term_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o latter_a place_n over_o their_o thegnes_fw-la or_o thegnes_fw-la theine_n as_o in_o the_o former_a in_o what_o form_n of_o word_n see_v in_o theine_n the_o charter_n of_o each_o place_n for_o illustration_n sake_n copy_v in_o the_o appendix_n here_o scripture_n 19_o and_o 20._o and_o lest_o these_o various_a term_n allodiarii_n and_o thegnes_fw-la render_v they_o of_o a_o seem_a difference_n shall_v occasion_v any_o suspicion_n of_o their_o being_n not_o the_o same_o for_o your_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o contrary_a take_v this_o note_n along_o with_o you_o that_o those_o who_o in_o the_o latin_a charteis_fw-la of_o st._n augustine_n be_v term_v allodiarii_n in_o the_o very_a same_o charter_n exhibit_v in_o english_a like_v as_o in_o those_o at_o christchurch_n be_v style_v thegnes_fw-la but_o what_o may_v it_o be_v ask_v be_v they_o then_o which_o in_o some_o very_a ancient_a record_n of_o that_o cathedral_n be_v name_v threnge_n indeed_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o record_n threnge_n there_o and_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o it_o here_o in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 21._o a_o choice_n one_o in_o my_o account_n as_o the_o book_n itself_o be_v iâ—_n seem_v in_o he_o who_o in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o first_o page_n of_o it_o long_o since_o leave_v this_o note_n custodiatur_fw-la benè_fw-la iste_fw-la libellus_fw-la quia_fw-la etsi_fw-la appareat_fw-la non_fw-la valere_fw-la benè_fw-la tamen_fw-la valet_fw-la &_o est_fw-la libellus_fw-la satis_fw-la pretiosus_fw-la monachis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la which_o make_v no_o slight_a mention_n of_o such_o threnge_n belong_v to_o the_o monk_n there_o in_o these_o very_a word_n quia_fw-la verò_fw-la non_fw-la erant_fw-la adhuc_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la will_v mi_o milites_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it sed_fw-la threnge_n praecepit_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-fr eye_n milites_fw-la fierent_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la defendendam_fw-la fecit_fw-la autem_fw-la lanfrancus_fw-la threngos_fw-la suos_fw-la milites_fw-la monachi_fw-la verò_fw-la non_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la portione_fw-la sua_fw-la ducentas_fw-la libratas_fw-la terrae_fw-la dederunt_fw-la archiepiscope_n ut_fw-la per_fw-la milites_fw-la suos_fw-la terras_fw-la eorum_fw-la defenderet_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la omne_fw-la negotia_fw-la eorum_fw-la apud_fw-la curiam_fw-la romanam_fw-la suis_fw-la expensis_fw-la expediret_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la in_o tota_fw-la terra_fw-la monachorum_fw-la nullus_fw-la mile_n est_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o this_o purpose_n gervasius_n dorobernensis_n than_o a_o monk_n of_o the_o place_n speak_v of_o the_o archbishop_n divide_v the_o revenue_n between_o himself_o and_o the_o monk_n sibi_fw-la etiam_fw-la say_v he_o râ—servaverunt_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o milites_fw-la monachis_fw-la verò_fw-la assignaverunt_fw-la rusticos_fw-la &_o agricultores_fw-la these_o threnge_n doubtless_o be_v the_o same_o which_o in_o domesday-book_n be_v somewhere_o call_v drench_n and_o drench_n if_o so_o your_o best_a satisfaction_n what_o they_o be_v will_v be_v from_o the_o word_n explication_n in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a but_o i_o think_v lay_v these_o record_n concern_v they_o together_o and_o then_o compare_v they_o wiâ—h_v the_o forecited_n ancient_a charter_n of_o liberty_n grant_v to_o the_o monk_n of_o christchurch_n and_o st._n augustine_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o domesday-book_n on_o the_o other_o drench_n threnge_n thegnes_fw-la one_o and_o all_o may_v not_o unfit_o be_v render_v in_o that_o book_n phrase_n allodiarii_fw-la be_v such_o liberales_fw-la as_o the_o saxon_a thegnes_fw-la be_v not_o unusual_o turn_v in_o the_o old_a latin_a translation_n as_o thegenscipe_n by_o liberaliâ—as_n such_o ministri_fw-la fideles_fw-la servientes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la as_o be_v by_o these_o place_n dignify_v with_o some_o portion_n of_o their_o allodium_fw-la or_o bocland_n do_v militiam_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la tractare_fw-la nullius_fw-la â—omini_fw-la imperio_fw-la evocati_fw-la nulloque_fw-la feodali_fw-la gravamine_fw-la coerciti_fw-la as_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n concern_v allodiarii_n be_v permit_v to_o continue_v in_o their_o pristine_a estate_n acquit_v from_o military_a service_n and_o tenure_n when_o as_o other_o be_v from_o threnge_n turn_v into_o milites_fw-la and_o their_o land_n consequent_o subject_v to_o military_a fee_n and_o tenure_n whether_o the_o name_n of_o drench_n be_v take_v up_o from_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n from_o a_o record_n by_o he_o there_o cite_v be_v assign_v for_o it_o some_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o doubt_v from_o the_o mention_n of_o the_o term_n synonimy_n threnge_n in_o that_o record_n of_o christchurch_n as_o know_v in_o that_o notion_n here_o before_o the_o conquest_n whereas_o the_o other_o say_v they_o take_v name_n first_o after_o it_o if_o before_o it_o as_o the_o christchurch_n record_n than_o i_o see_v i_o think_v some_o cause_n to_o suspect_v the_o term_n corrupt_v from_o thegnes_fw-la i_o thanes_z which_o clear_o that_o cathedral_n have_v before_o the_o conquest_n on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o record_n in_o the_o glossary_a be_v right_a and_o that_o withal_o threnge_n drench_n thegnes_fw-la and_o allodiarii_fw-la be_v as_o all_o the_o forecited_n authority_n lay_v together_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v synonima_n term_n identical_a then_o be_v our_o kentish_a allodiarii_n such_o as_o have_v not_o revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n by_o oppose_v the_o conqueror_n whether_o by_o their_o aid_n or_o counsel_n but_o have_v peaceable_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o his_o empire_n while_o consequent_o other_o of_o the_o county_n oppose_v withstand_v and_o resist_v he_o and_o his_o come_n in_o have_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la forfeit_v their_o possession_n and_o if_o so_o than_o spot_n history_n whereof_o so_o much_o before_o may_v well_o deserve_v yet_o another_o dash_n or_o if_o you_o will_v another_o spot_n but_o thus_o far_o of_o allodium_fw-la as_o also_o of_o what_o induce_v it_o bocland_n which_o as_o to_o the_o name_n almost_o quite_o cease_v with_o the_o saxon_n though_o as_o to_o the_o thing_n it_o survive_v some_o time_n after_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o allodium_fw-la into_o which_o it_o be_v translate_v of_o the_o norman_n here_o and_o of_o they_o so_o alter_v also_o in_o the_o very_a thing_n that_o it_o become_v thus_o far_o subject_a unto_o tenure_n as_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o learned_a 390._o man_n it_o be_v land_n as_o we_o say_v hold_v and_o so_o account_v whence_o in_o time_n that_o common_a and_o receive_a fee_n axiom_n among_o we_o that_o in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n since_o the_o conquest_n at_o least_o we_o have_v not_o proper_o allodium_fw-la that_o be_v not_o any_o subject_n land_n that_o be_v not_o hold_v in_o which_o respect_n as_o one_o supra_fw-la say_v he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estate_n say_v thus_o i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v most_o true_a at_o this_o day_n but_o under_o favour_n it_o be_v otherwise_o since_o the_o conquest_n witness_n beside_o domesday-book_n where_o the_o opposite_a to_o fee_n allodium_fw-la be_v very_o obvious_a those_o charter_n aforecited_a the_o one_o of_o st._n laurence_n the_o other_o of_o christchurch_n and_o such_o like_a mention_v land_n hold_v by_o the_o author_n or_o owner_n for_o which_o they_o be_v responsible_a to_o none_o as_o also_o the_o pinenden_n plea_n for_o the_o archbishop_n land_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o grant_n in_o alodium_n mention_v in_o eadmerus_n evidence_v clear_o the_o contrary_a and_o assert_v some_o of_o they_o the_o continuance_n of_o such_o creation_n from_o the_o king_n to_o who_o after_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la
part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a do_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n which_o land_n be_v ever_o since_o enjoy_v under_o the_o king_n title_n by_o escheat_n and_o john_n wall_n upon_o a_o trial_n recover_v against_o white_a the_o devisee_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n be_v never_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n and_o so_o it_o be_v agree_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la pasch_fw-mi 37._o el._n in_o c._n b._n in_o halton_n and_o starthop_n case_n upon_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n of_o kent_n &_o it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o resolve_v before_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n that_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n and_o he_o that_o shall_v conclude_v upon_o that_o place_n of_o fitz_n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n that_o all_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n may_v as_o well_o conclude_v that_o all_o land_n in_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o england_n be_v deviseable_a which_o be_v not_o so_o as_o appear_z by_o mr._n littleton_n who_o say_v that_o in_o some_o burrough_n by_o custom_n a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n then_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v they_o by_o word_n without_o writing_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o 34._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 53._o for_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n by_o a_o will_v nuncupative_a so_o may_v he_o likewise_o devise_v his_o land_n deviseable_a by_o custom_n because_o they_o be_v esteem_v but_o tanquam_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mischievous_a thing_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_n in_o kent_n shall_v be_v deviseable_a by_o word_n only_o to_o these_o argument_n and_o objection_n against_o the_o custom_n certain_a answer_n and_o exception_n by_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n have_v be_v frame_v and_o return_v in_o behalf_n thereof_o reducible_a to_o three_o head_n which_o to_o avoid_v all_o just_a suspicion_n of_o partiality_n and_o prejudice_n wherewith_o some_o zealous_a advocate_n and_o contender_n for_o the_o custom_n have_v be_v and_o may_v again_o be_v ready_a to_o asperse_v i_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v together_o with_o such_o answer_n and_o argument_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o other_o side_n in_o further_a and_o full_a refutation_n of_o they_o who_o endeavour_n to_o uphold_v the_o custom_n the_o learned_a counsel_n argument_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o custom_n first_o they_o deny_v the_o old_a book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o fitzh_n mortdancester_n 39_o â—o_o be_v lâ—w._n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o land_n deviseable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o his_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o defendaut_n claim_v by_o some_o other_o title_n but_o if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o land_n be_v by_o custom_n deviseable_a and_o be_v devise_v unto_o he_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bar_n of_o the_o action_n second_o they_o rely_v much_o upon_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la fol._n 198._o which_o say_v that_o a_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v where_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n which_o land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o will_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n whence_o they_o infer_v that_o all_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n three_o they_o cite_v the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o book_n call_v old_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n fol._n 198._o that_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n may_v be_v give_v or_o sell_v without_o the_o lord_n licence_n and_o they_o interpret_v the_o word_n give_v to_o be_v by_o will_n and_o the_o word_n grant_v to_o be_v by_o deed_n the_o reply_n to_o the_o foregoing_a argument_n by_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o custom_n as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n they_o reply_v thus_o first_o they_o maintain_v that_o the_o custom_n alone_o without_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n as_o well_o as_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o bar_n for_o which_o there_o be_v not_o only_o that_o book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o but_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 272._o ubi_fw-la non_fw-la iaceo_fw-la assisa_fw-la mortis_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la among_o his_o plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n have_v before_o treat_v of_o plea_n in_o bar_n to_o it_o cadit_fw-la assisa_n say_v he_o propter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la loci_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la burgis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o 22._o assis_n pl._n 78._o where_o upon_o the_o like_a plea_n the_o writ_n be_v abate_v and_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 196._o i._o who_o authority_n they_o think_v strange_a to_o be_v deny_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o law_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n and_o yet_o so_o strong_o rell_v on_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o custom_n in_o a_o place_n whereto_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o so_o be_v it_o practise_v and_o allow_v in_o itin._n johan_n de_fw-fr stanton_n 6._o edw._n 2._o and_o the_o reason_n give_v by_o the_o book_n why_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o this_o writ_n be_v because_o the_o suggestion_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v be_v true_a that_o the_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o title_n where_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a and_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o die_v seize_v must_v be_v traverse_v and_o though_o the_o tenant_n plead_v the_o feoffment_n of_o the_o ancestor_n or_o other_o matter_n in_o bar_n that_o be_v not_o matter_n of_o estoppell_n to_o the_o heir_n as_o a_o fine_a recovery_n &c_n &c_n yet_o must_v he_o traverse_v the_o die_v seize_v and_o the_o jury_n shall_v be_v summon_v and_o charge_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o ancestor_n thy_fw-mi quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 9_o assis_n pl._n 22._o 27._o hen._n 8._o 12._o brooke_n mortdancestor_n 1._o old_a nat._n brev._n fol._n 117._o and_o diverse_a other_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o opinion_n to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o book_n of_o law_n against_o that_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n mortdancestor_n 39_o until_o the_o 15_o of_o king_n charles_n launder_v and_o brook_n case_n crook_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 405._o obiter_fw-la upon_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o custom_n 2._o admit_v that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o law_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o the_o mortdancestor_n do_v not_o lie_v where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n but_o it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o yet_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n be_v then_o frequent_o bring_v and_o maintain_v of_o land_n in_o kent_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n and_o the_o book_n abovesaid_a 3._o whether_o the_o custom_n alone_o be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n or_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n they_o say_v it_o can_v be_v show_v if_o it_o can_v they_o challenge_v they_o to_o do_v it_o who_o will_v maintain_v the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v ever_o plead_v one_o way_n or_o other_o either_o in_o abatement_n or_o in_o bar_n to_o any_o one_o of_o all_o that_o multitude_n of_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v at_o large_a in_o that_o county_n when_o in_o so_o small_a a_o city_n and_o county_n as_o canterbury_n where_o indeed_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n they_o show_v it_o often_o plead_v to_o writ_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v there_o before_o roger_n de_fw-fr stanton_n and_o other_o justice_n in_o eyre_n second_o to_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 198._o upon_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o question_n spring_v they_o answer_v that_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o that_o book_n no_o less_o than_o the_o grammar_n of_o it_o due_o observe_v be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o write_v of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v there_o where_o land_n in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n not_o that_o all_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v
i_o will_v that_o richard_n hubbard_n the_o son_n of_o william_n hubbard_n of_o lynsfield_n shall_v have_v my_o house_n and_o all_o my_o land_n if_o that_o the_o law_n will_v suffer_v it_o pay_v therefore_o to_o every_o one_o of_o my_o sister_n agnes_n katherine_n and_o margaret_n three_o pound_n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n to_o be_v pay_v within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n next_o after_o my_o decease_n 8._o nor_o be_v this_o passage_n less_o pregnant_a and_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n take_v from_o the_o will_n of_o john_n stace_n of_o leigh_n date_v the_o 18_o of_o march_n 1538._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n and_o also_o i_o will_v that_o if_o the_o king_n last_o act_n in_o parliament_n will_v not_o stand_v with_o my_o wife_n to_o enjoy_v the_o one_o half_a of_o my_o land_n i_o will_v then_o that_o my_o executor_n shall_v pay_v yearly_a to_o agnes_n my_o wife_n xl_o s._n during_o the_o term_n of_o her_o life_n and_o that_o to_o be_v pay_v quarterly_o at_o the_o four_o usual_a term_n by_o equal_a portion_n etc._n etc._n argument_n in_o these_o five_o last_o will_n mention_v sarlys_n byx_n hunt_n hubberd_n and_o staces_n what_o mean_v that_o doubt_n and_o question_n in_o the_o testator_n whether_o their_o devise_n of_o house_n and_o land_n be_v good_a or_o will_v hold_v and_o stand_v firm_a in_o law_n have_v there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n and_o have_v not_o the_o law_n be_v clear_a otherwise_o in_o this_o case_n as_o well_o in_o kent_n as_o elsewhere_o i_o observe_v also_o that_o in_o the_o interim_n of_o 27._o and_o 32._o h._n 8._o some_o few_o and_o indeed_o but_o very_o few_o will_v there_o be_v in_o the_o register_n at_o canterbury_n wherein_o land_n be_v devise_v some_o with_o feoffment_n and_o some_o without_o at_o least_o without_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o as_o for_o the_o former_a those_o with_o feoffment_n i_o find_v the_o most_o of_o they_o date_v though_o in_o or_o after_o the_o year_n 27._o yet_o before_o the_o six_o of_o may_v 28._o year_n of_o that_o king_n until_o when_o the_o act_n be_v not_o to_o come_v in_o force_n beside_o happy_o the_o feoffment_n be_v make_v before_o the_o statute_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v revoke_v as_o i_o conceive_v without_o the_o feoffee_n consent_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n those_o without_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n some_o of_o they_o be_v of_o our_o city_n canterbury_n or_o the_o like_a place_n where_o by_o particular_a custom_n they_o may_v devise_v other_o happy_o have_v feoffment_n although_o not_o mention_v if_o not_o they_o be_v no_o other_o i_o conceive_v than_o will_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr bene_fw-la esse_fw-la make_v nor_o do_v or_o can_v otherwise_o or_o further_o operate_v inure_v or_o take_v effect_v than_o the_o interest_v or_o concern_v party_n shall_v give_v way_n with_o who_o in_o those_o elder_a time_n time_n of_o more_o and_o great_a regard_n and_o reverence_n to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o dead_a than_o the_o present_a the_o die_a parent_n or_o kinsman_n mind_n declare_v in_o his_o will_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o sway_n and_o do_v so_o much_o prevail_v as_o to_o persuade_v with_o they_o to_o renounce_v a_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o for_o the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o decease_v solemn_a and_o declare_a mind_n beside_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o because_o such_o will_n and_o devise_n be_v find_v therefore_o they_o pass_v and_o be_v allow_v of_o as_o good_a and_o effectual_a the_o contrary_a whereof_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a by_o the_o if_n and_o condition_n find_v in_o other_o will_n of_o those_o time_n argue_v plain_o the_o testator_n distrust_n and_o doubt_n of_o the_o validity_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o success_n and_o effect_n of_o his_o devise_n whereof_o example_n be_v lay_v down_o before_o before_o i_o close_o and_o wind_n up_o all_o i_o have_v only_o this_o to_o add_v by_o way_n of_o offer_n from_o the_o party_n opponent_n to_o this_o custom_n and_o his_o council_n which_o as_o a_o matter_n much_o considerable_a i_o may_v not_o pretermit_v that_o whereas_o that_o abundance_n of_o will_n wherein_o land_n be_v devise_v without_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n find_v and_o produce_v from_o the_o registries_n both_o of_o canterbury_n and_o rochester_n be_v much_o insist_v on_o in_o behalf_n of_o the_o custom_n if_o from_o the_o registries_n of_o any_o other_o diocese_n out_o of_o kent_n where_o such_o devise_n never_o do_v nor_o can_v obtain_v until_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n of_o equal_a circuit_n and_o extent_n to_o either_o of_o these_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n may_v not_o as_o true_o be_v observe_v and_o a_o proportionable_a number_n and_o quantity_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o will_n will_n of_o land_n devise_v without_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n can_v be_v produce_v and_o consequent_o the_o argument_n and_o inference_n thence_o draw_v for_o the_o custom_n clude_v and_o avoid_v they_o will_v sit_v down_o convince_v and_o with_o their_o adversary_n subscribe_v unto_o that_o argument_n a_o offer_n this_o in_o my_o judgement_n so_o fair_a ingenuous_a and_o plausible_a as_o not_o to_o be_v reject_v of_o any_o but_o such_o as_o out_o of_o a_o cavil_v spirit_n be_v resolve_v to_o turn_v the_o deaf_a ear_n upon_o all_o fair_a and_o equal_a proposal_n that_o i_o say_v not_o such_z as_o for_o maintenance_n sake_n make_v it_o their_o study_n quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la to_o maintain_v their_o spurious_a interest_n but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v what_o indeed_o i_o be_o far_o from_o be_v any_o otherwise_o than_o in_o truth_n behalf_n a_o partisan_n in_o this_o business_n i_o shall_v forbear_v all_o further_a censure_n and_o if_o i_o may_v but_o have_v the_o reader_n leave_v to_o make_v my_o epilogue_n i_o shall_v with_o thanks_o to_o he_o for_o that_o and_o the_o favour_n of_o all_o his_o other_o patience_n quit_v the_o stage_n of_o my_o discourse_n on_o this_o whole_a argument_n and_o make_v my_o exit_fw-la many_o other_o thing_n offer_v themselves_o to_o his_o discourse_n peroraâ—io_n that_o will_v treat_v of_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o full_a but_o they_o be_v i_o take_v it_o most_o point_n of_o common_a law_n which_o because_o they_o be_v not_o only_o out_o of_o my_o profession_n but_o beside_o my_o intention_n too_o which_o be_v to_o handle_v it_o chief_o in_o the_o historical_a part_n and_o that_o no_o further_o than_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o primordiae_fw-la or_o beginning_n of_o it_o i_o will_v not_o wade_v or_o engage_v any_o further_a in_o the_o argument_n lest_o i_o be_v just_o censure_v of_o a_o mind_n to_o thrust_v my_o sickle_n into_o another_o man_n harvest_n only_o so_o a_o close_a crave_v leave_n to_o supply_v the_o common_a kentish_a supply_v custumal_a at_o the_o end_n of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n with_o one_o clause_n which_o according_a to_o a_o ancient_a copy_n register_v in_o a_o quondam_a book_n of_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n at_o canterbury_n now_o remain_v with_o my_o very_a noble_a and_o learned_a friend_n sir_n roger_n twysden_n be_v to_o come_v in_o at_o pag._n 574_o lin_v 2._o after_o these_o word_n que_fw-fr de_fw-fr lay_n est_fw-fr â—eâ—â—_n sans_o man_n viz._n as_o that_o old_a copy_n god_n on_o there_o eâ—si_n home_n ou_fw-fr femme_fw-fr seit_n feloun_a de_fw-fr sei_fw-it mesme_n qeil_fw-fr sâ—y_a mesme_n de_fw-fr gre_fw-mi se_fw-mi ocye_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr aura_fw-fr les_fw-fr charteuz_fw-fr tut_fw-fr &_o niâ—nt_a l'an_n nele_o waste_v mes_fw-fr se_fw-fr heir_n seit_v tauto_v inherit_v sans_o contredit_n kar_n tout_fw-fr seit_n il_fw-fr feloun_n de_fw-fr say_v mesme_n ill_a neyt_n my_o atteint_a de_fw-fr felonye_n et_fw-fr clayment_n auxi_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o it_o follow_v in_o that_o print_a custumal_a which_o clause_n as_o i_o conceive_v may_v be_v thus_o english_v and_o if_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n shall_v be_v a_o felon_n of_o he_o or_o herself_o who_o shall_v kill_v he_o or_o herself_o of_o he_o or_o her_o own_o accord_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o chattel_n and_o not_o the_o year_n and_o the_o waste_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v immediate_o inherit_v without_o contradiction_n for_o albeit_o he_o or_o she_o be_v a_o felon_n of_o he_o or_o herself_o he_o or_o she_o be_v noâ—_n attaint_v of_o felony_n now_o crave_v pardon_n for_o what_o liberty_n i_o have_v take_v to_o deliver_v my_o sense_n and_o give_v my_o conjecture_n on_o several_a occasion_n here_o emergent_a i_o shall_v here_o cut_v the_o thread_n of_o this_o discourse_n wish_v that_o as_o i_o have_v not_o spare_v free_o to_o speak_v my_o mind_n so_o that_o every_o man_n that_o please_v shall_v assume_v the_o like_a liberty_n not_o suspect_v i_o so_o opinionate_a of_o my_o own_o vote_n as_o to_o wish_v much_o less_o to_o beg_v least_o of_o all_o to_o importune_v any_o unwilling_a man_n concurrence_n though_o haply_o unprovided_a
though_o with_o some_o little_a variation_n of_o the_o dialect_n occasion_v by_o tract_n of_o time_n bring_v its_o corruption_n and_o the_o intermixture_n of_o other_o language_n and_o that_o be_v with_o we_o hade_fw-mi head_n hod_z with_o the_o teutonics_n heyd_v and_o heit_n sometime_o hat_n betoken_v in_o each_o place_n as_o doom_n and_o ship_n ancient_o write_v scip_n in_o the_o termination_n of_o many_o of_o our_o word_n a_o quality_n kind_n condition_n state_n sort_n nature_n property_n and_o the_o like_a hence_o the_o military_a masculine_a feminine_a childish_a paternal_a maternal_a fraternal_a sisterly_a desolate_a presbyterial_a neighbourly_a quality_n nature_n kind_n condition_n etc._n etc._n of_o a_o knight_n a_o man_n a_o woman_n a_o child_n a_o father_n a_o mother_n a_o brother_n a_o sister_n a_o widow_n a_o priest_n a_o neighbour_n etc._n etc._n be_v term_v knighthode_a manhood_n womanhode_n childhode_n fatherhode_n motherhode_n brotherhode_n sisterhode_n widowhode_n priesthode_n neighbourhode_n etc._n etc._n the_o quality_n nature_n existence_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v style_v godhead_n with_o we_o with_o our_o ancestor_n the_o english_a saxon_n who_o write_v and_o have_v that_o hade_a which_o we_o since_o write_v and_o have_v hod_z and_o hood_n godhade_n head_n in_o maidenhead_n owe_v itself_o to_o the_o same_o original_n denote_v out_o the_o virgin-condition_n or_o maiden-quality_n of_o the_o party_n hood_n in_o livelihood_n be_v also_o spring_v from_o the_o same_o root_n whereby_o a_o man_n state_n of_o subsistence_n be_v signify_v and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o hood_n in_o falsehood_n likelihood_n and_o a_o many_o word_n more_o of_o like_a termination_n as_o express_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o one_o the_o false_a in_o the_o other_o the_o probable_a likely_a condition_n of_o the_o thing_n predicate_v this_o may_v also_o help_v we_o in_o the_o etymology_n of_o what_o we_o use_v to_o call_v feud_n or_o deadly_a feud_n derive_v our_o ancestor_n the_o saxon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o german_n fhede_v feide_n and_o faide_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v but_o a_o compound_n of_o their_o fâ—h_n i._n e._n hostess_fw-la inimicus_fw-la as_o we_o say_v at_o this_o day_n a_o foe_n and_o hod_z hade_fw-mi head_n heyt_n etc._n etc._n â—i_fw-la conditio_fw-la status_fw-la qualitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n together_o import_v the_o condition_n of_o enmity_n in_o the_o person_n who_o bear_v it_o i_o can_v here_o enlarge_v with_o instance_n of_o very_a many_o teutonic_n word_n thus_o terminate_a i_o mean_v in_o their_o dialect_n with_o heyd_a heit_n and_o the_o like_a and_o by_o such_o their_o termination_n predicate_v as_o be_v say_v before_o a_o quality_n condition_n etc._n etc._n such_o as_o allenheyd_v felheyd_n fijnigheyd_n hebbelickheyd_n heyligheyd_n maeghdelickheyd_n and_o number_n more_o obvious_a in_o every_o page_n of_o kilianus_n dictionarium_fw-la teutonico-latinum_a and_o elsewhere_o but_o i_o fear_v to_o be_v tedious_a see_v now_o what_o the_o latter_a syllable_n in_o feudum_n and_o allodium_fw-la in_o their_o several_a original_n signify_v and_o have_v take_v the_o word_n thus_o asunder_o let_v we_o next_o consider_v of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n their_o former_a syllable_n which_o in_o feudum_n the_o former_a be_v feh_n feo_fw-it or_o feoh_o signify_v as_o 218._o pecunia_n in_o the_o general_n so_o more_o peculiar_o a_o salary_n stipend_n wage_n intend_v of_o we_o when_o we_o say_v officer_n live_v by_o their_o fee_n while_o in_o the_o other_o allodium_fw-la the_o former_a syllable_n right_o write_v be_v all_o al_n or_o as_o with_o the_o saxon_n eal_n put_v we_o now_o the_o syllable_n together_o again_o and_o then_o the_o former_a will_v come_v forth_o feo-hode_a feh-hode_a or_o the_o like_a the_o latter_a all-hode_a and_o that_o most_o apposite_o if_o apply_v to_o the_o feudist_n feudum_n and_o allodium_fw-la consider_v in_o their_o origination_n and_o primitive_a acception_n the_o former_a of_o which_o when_o first_o fee_n institute_v be_v but_o personal_a not_o as_o afterward_o perpetual_a patrimonial_a hereditary_a or_o hold_v in_o glanvill_n and_o bractons_n phrase_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la but_o as_o a_o clergyman_n hold_v his_o benefice_n hence_o in_o some_o ancient_a 1._o charter_n call_v feodum_fw-la only_a for_o life_n the_o tenant_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a stipendiary_a a_o termer_n at_o best_a but_o a_o freeholder_n for_o life_n usufructuarius_fw-la and_o indeed_o some_o be_v not_o so_o much_o but_o hold_v only_o as_o our_o learned_a felonia_n glossarist_n have_v it_o ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la as_o 14._o other_o precariò_fw-la not_o unlike_o our_o tenant_n at_o will_n since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o land_n be_v only_o lend_v as_o the_o german_a term_n for_o it_o 7._o lehen_fw-ge seem_v to_o intimate_v in_o process_n of_o time_n degenerate_v and_o recede_v from_o their_o first_o institution_n they_o become_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a yet_o hold_v as_o former_o with_o a_o condition_n of_o service_n on_o the_o tenant_n part_n and_o stipendii_fw-la loco_fw-la &_o nomine_fw-la on_o the_o lord_n by_o way_n as_o it_o be_v of_o salary_n pension_n or_o stipend_n from_o the_o lord_n to_o gratify_v and_o recompense_v his_o man_n withal_o for_o such_o his_o service_n to_o which_o he_o be_v oblige_v under_o peril_n of_o forfeicture_n by_o the_o withdraw_a thereof_o i_o dare_v not_o add_v in_o consideration_n of_o fealty_n or_o homage_n in_o those_o time_n since_o though_o that_o acknowledgement_n in_o the_o feudal_n law_n of_o some_o fee_n tenable_a without_o a_o oath_n of_o 4._o fealty_n be_v indeed_o just_o tax_v for_o a_o paradox_n of_o such_o who_o will_v have_v fee_n to_o come_v of_o fides_n whence_o haply_o our_o legal_a maxim_n that_o all_o tenor_n regular_o be_v liable_a to_o fealty_n yet_o may_v fee_v by_o this_o derivation_n of_o it_o stand_v with_o fealty_n and_o the_o tenant_n of_o it_o be_v call_v fideles_fw-la fideles_fw-la feudale_n without_o a_o solecism_n a_o good_a argument_n for_o the_o derivation_n of_o it_o thus_o rather_o than_o from_o fides_n as_o of_o more_o scope_n and_o more_o consistent_a with_o fee_n of_o all_o sort_n than_o that_o other_o derivation_n do_v allow_v fee_n i_o say_v be_v hold_v but_o in_o service_n nomine_fw-la quasi_fw-la alieno_fw-la the_o dominium_fw-la that_o at_o least_o of_o lawyer_n call_v directum_fw-la though_o the_o utile_a be_v transfer_v on_o the_o tenant_n the_o propriety_n i_o mean_v remain_v and_o abide_v still_o in_o the_o lord_n together_o with_o a_o power_n of_o restrain_v his_o tenant_n from_o alienation_n and_o consequent_o such_o land_n be_v but_o partial_o conditional_o not_o total_o and_o absolute_o grant_v out_o contrariwise_o that_o which_o be_v term_v in_o opposition_n to_o it_o allodium_fw-la as_o it_o be_v hereditary_a perpetual_a and_o patrimonial_a so_o be_v it_o â—ans_v all_o condition_n free_a and_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o possessor_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la how_o he_o please_v either_o by_o gift_n or_o sale_n without_o ask_v any_o man_n leave_v and_o as_o it_o be_v hereditary_a perpetual_a patrimonial_a and_o free_a land_n so_o be_v it_o withal_o possess_v total_o and_o whole_o not_o as_o our_o land_n general_o in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o subject_n hand_n at_o this_o day_n say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la as_o our_o lawyer_n phrase_n it_o but_o rather_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la the_o owner_n have_v dominium_fw-la both_z directum_fw-la and_o utile_fw-la or_o in_o the_o feudist_n phrase_n and_o after_o their_o unanimous_a harmonious_a definition_n of_o it_o pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la integrè_fw-la ex_fw-la toto_fw-la or_o ex_fw-la solido_fw-la as_o 1._o malmesbury_n have_v that_o which_o 5._o eadmerus_n express_v by_o in_o alodium_n quit_v of_o all_o service_n like_o frankalmoigne_n whereunto_o mr._n selden_n there_o in_o that_o respect_n resemble_v it_o i_o may_v call_v it_o absolute_o immediate_o or_o if_o you_o will_v independent_o without_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superior_a lord_n not_o unlike_o the_o prince_n of_o haynault_n hold_v only_o say_v my_o allodium_fw-la author_n de_fw-fr deo_fw-la &_o sole_fw-la or_o as_o other_o absolute_a prince_n gratiâ_fw-la dei_fw-la in_o a_o word_n in_o totality_n whence_o the_o term_n of_o praedia_fw-la immunia_fw-la terra_fw-la propria_fw-la fundus_fw-la proprii_fw-la juris_fw-la patrimonium_fw-la in_o etc._n charter_n and_o elsewhere_o give_v to_o such_o possession_n probably_n land_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o bocland_n which_o i_o sometime_o find_v in_o the_o latin_a render_v of_o some_o saxon_a piece_n turn_v by_o it_o hence_o a_o hint_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o for_o what_o in_o the_o 11_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o king_n cnute_n law_n be_v read_v bocland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o old_a latin_a version_n of_o it_o in_o the_o king_n ms._n and_o jornalensis_n
be_v turn_v haereditas_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tainus_n in_fw-la haereditate_fw-la sua_fw-la terram_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v ecclesiam_fw-la habeat_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o another_o like_o old_a version_n in_o the_o book_n of_o rochester_n call_v textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la be_v render_v allodium_fw-la si_fw-la liberalis_fw-la homo_fw-la quem_fw-la angli_fw-la thegen_n vocant_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o alodio_n svo_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o allodium_fw-la also_o be_v turn_v in_o the_o same_o record_n textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la what_o occurr_n in_o the_o saxon_a fragment_n exhibit_v by_o mr._n lambard_n perambulat_fw-la in_o mepham_n pag._n 500_o under_o the_o term_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sua_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alodio_n etc._n etc._n allodium_fw-la it_o seem_v thence_o be_v proper_o such_o land_n as_o be_v full_o a_o man_n own_o short_o then_o feudum_n fee_fw-mi or_o land_n hold_v in_o fee_n be_v no_o more_o consider_v in_o its_o first_o and_o primary_n acception_n to_o which_o they_o must_v have_v regard_n that_o will_v hope_v to_o judge_v aright_o of_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o first_o imposition_n of_o the_o name_n than_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o fee-hode_a by_o contraction_n feud_n or_o feod_n i._n e_o in_o a_o stipendiary_a conditional_a mercenary_a mediate_a way_n and_o nature_n and_o with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o superior_a lord_n and_o a_o condition_n of_o return_v he_o some_o service_n for_o it_o upon_o the_o withdraw_a whereof_o the_o land_n be_v revertible_a unto_o the_o lord_n in_o which_o respect_n as_o the_o grant_v thereof_o be_v improper_o call_v a_o donation_n be_v but_o 4._o feodalis_fw-la dimissio_fw-la i._n e._n a_o demise_n in_o fee_n so_o the_o deed_n or_o conveyance_n by_o which_o it_o be_v demise_v be_v as_o improper_o term_v a_o charter_n of_o donation_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o charter_n or_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n such_o i_o say_v be_v feudum_fw-la allodium_fw-la be_v contrariwise_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o all-hode_a in_o totality_n in_o a_o total_a full_a absolute_a immediate_a manner_n and_o condition_n without_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superior_a lord_n and_o free_a from_o any_o tie_n or_o compact_n for_o the_o return_v any_o service_n at_o all_o for_o it_o unto_o any_o thus_o far_o and_o i_o hope_v not_o too_o far_o nor_o impertinent_o for_o clear_n the_o etymon_n of_o feudum_n and_o allodium_fw-la as_o the_o argument_n so_o the_o torture_n of_o many_o learned_a pen_n among_o who_o derivation_n of_o one_o and_o tother_o i_o humble_o crave_v this_o of_o i_o such_o as_o it_o be_v may_v be_v admit_v for_o future_a indagatour_n and_o all_o other_o of_o unforestalled_a judgement_n free_o to_o consider_v of_o and_o now_o to_o spin_v on_o our_o former_a thread_n and_o to_o reassume_v our_o argument_n of_o the_o introduction_n of_o our_o fee_n or_o tenor_n by_o the_o conqueror_n which_o that_o etymon_n come_v in_o the_o way_n cause_v i_o a_o while_n to_o set_v aside_o i_o here_o profess_v to_o concur_v with_o they_o who_o upon_o the_o question_n put_v resolve_v it_o in_o the_o affirmative_a whereof_o our_o learned_a feudum_fw-la glossarist_n for_o one_o thus_o feodorum_fw-la servitutes_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la nostram_fw-la primus_fw-la invexit_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la senior_fw-la conquestor_fw-la nuncupatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o a_o little_a after_o deinceps_fw-la vero_fw-la resonarunt_fw-la omne_fw-la feodorum_fw-la gravaminibus_fw-la saxonum_n aeuâ—_n ne_fw-la auditis_fw-la quidem_fw-la no_o other_o tenor_n or_o in_o the_o scottish_a expression_n haldings_n of_o land_n be_v former_o here_o in_o use_n but_o these_o two_o bocland_n and_o folcland_n the_o one_o say_v my_o sâ—ripto_o author_n a_o possession_n by_o writing_n the_o other_o without_o that_o by_o write_v so_o he_o add_v be_v a_o freehold_n and_o by_o charter_n hereditary_a with_o all_o immunity_n and_o for_o the_o free_a and_o noble_a sort_n that_o without_o writing_n be_v to_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n bind_v to_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o be_v for_o the_o rural_a people_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o former_a take_v name_n from_o the_o land_n book_v or_o enter_v with_o the_o limit_n of_o it_o in_o a_o codicil_n as_o then_o call_v a_o little_a book_n or_o as_o we_o since_o call_v it_o a_o charter_n which_o if_o the_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o layman_n be_v in_o way_n of_o seize_v deliver_v to_o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o have_v the_o land_n hence_o haply_o that_o ceremony_n we_o retain_v of_o deliver_v a_o conveyance_n as_o the_o party_n act_n and_o deed_n or_o if_o to_o a_o monastery_n lay_v and_o leave_v most_o common_o upon_o the_o altar_n ego_fw-la autem_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la illius_fw-la testimonioque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o optimatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la meas_fw-la &_o libros_fw-la terrarum_fw-la propria_fw-la manu_fw-la mea_fw-la posui_fw-la super_fw-la altar_n christi_fw-la in_o dorobernia_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o close_a of_o a_o ecclesiae_fw-la memorial_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o monkton_n and_o other_o manor_n to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 961_o by_o queen_n edive_n or_o edith_n who_o picture_n in_o thankful_a remembrance_n be_v until_o of_o late_o reserve_v in_o that_o church_n treasury_n hence_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n vulgar_o know_v in_o those_o time_n by_o the_o name_n of_o glossary_a a_o landboc_n in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n telligraphum_fw-la sometime_o codicillus_fw-la and_o the_o like_a observe_v yet_o further_o terram_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la conscribere_fw-la &_o liberam_fw-la proclamare_fw-la the_o latin_a phrase_n for_o create_v bocland_n be_v a_o prerogative_n royal_a or_o a_o royalty_n and_o out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o subject_a whence_o that_o passage_n often_o occur_v in_o subject_n grant_v of_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n to_o the_o forename_a cathedral_n and_o other_o place_n viz._n and_o such_o a_o one_o king_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la conscripsit_fw-la 854._o as_o also_o that_o liberam_fw-la omninò_fw-la proclamavit_fw-la and_o such_o like_a king_n ethelreds_n privilege_n as_o call_v confirm_v to_o that_o cathedral_n among_o other_o thing_n their_o whole_a possession_n be_v hence_o by_o 507._o one_o of_o the_o subscribent_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o notwithstanding_o this_o enfranchisement_n the_o land_n be_v very_o seldom_o alienate_v by_o the_o possessor_n in_o frankalmoigne_n without_o what_o the_o law_n of_o 32._o mortmain_n afterward_o require_v a_o concurrent_a or_o at_o least_o a_o subsequent_a confirmation_n from_o the_o king_n whereof_o example_n be_v obvious_a in_o the_o list_n of_o that_o church_n land_n and_o benefactor_n publish_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o canterbury_n pag._n 210._o as_o also_o of_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o magnate_v or_o noble_n in_o such_o bocland-grants_a principal_o in_o that_o of_o malling_n you_o shall_v have_v the_o very_a word_n because_o remarkable_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la dcccxxxviij_o ecgbertus_fw-la &_o athelwlfus_fw-la rex_fw-la filius_fw-la ejus_fw-la dederunt_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la in_o dorobernia_n malling_n in_o suthsexan_n quod_fw-la viz._n manerium_fw-la prius_fw-la eidem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la dedit_fw-la baldredus_fw-la rex_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la mark_v this_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la donum_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la valere_fw-la et_fw-la ideo_fw-la etc._n etc._n bocland_n thus_o flow_v original_o from_o the_o crown_n upon_o all_o forfeicture_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o possessor_n for_o desert_v the_o war_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a between_o the_o king_n and_o he_o the_o king_n alone_o be_v to_o take_v the_o 75._o forfeict_n but_o of_o bocland_n more_o anon_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o all_o i_o take_v it_o reducible_a to_o the_o precedent_a diehotomy_n such_o as_o 1_o gafolland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gafolland_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o truce_n or_o agreement_n between_o alfred_n and_o guthrun_n kk_n in_o the_o archaion_n inland_a cap._n 2._o 2_o neatland_n 3_o inland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o run_v the_o first_o chapter_n of_o king_n edgar_n law_n there_o 4_o utland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d utland_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o the_o will_n of_o byrhtric_n in_o our_o kentish_a perambulation_n pag._n 495._o of_o which_o four_o the_o two_o former_a i_o conceive_v be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o folcland_n both_o one_o and_o tother_o import_v land_n let_v or_o demise_v as_o folâ—land_n be_v to_o rural_a people_n more_o emphitâ—utico_n for_o profit_n the_o one_o from_o gable_n or_o gafol_n i._o â—_o cen_n or_o rent_n be_v term_v gafolland_n the_o other_o call_v neatland_n either_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o improve_v fructify_v whence_o 〈◊〉_d