remain_v unexplain_v hitherto_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o man_n in_o china_n that_o be_v verse_v in_o those_o character_n and_o for_o that_o very_a cause_n be_v send_v into_o europe_n by_o the_o portuguese_n father_n of_o our_o society_n to_o be_v explicate_v by_o person_n skilled_a in_o the_o syrian_a language_n i_o first_o of_o all_o undertake_v the_o interpretation_n thereof_o and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n discharge_v the_o same_o with_o equal_a fidelity_n and_o diligence_n now_o it_o be_v engrave_v on_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o ancient_a syriack_n character_n that_o be_v term_v estrangelo_n and_o it_o contain_v the_o year_n the_o name_n and_o office_n of_o those_o apostolical_a man_n and_o promoter_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n that_o be_v then_o in_o china_n when_o the_o stone_n be_v erect_v father_n emanuel_n dias_n in_o a_o certain_a letter_n write_v in_o the_o portuguese_n tongue_n date_v from_o maccao_n august_n 23._o 1625._o take_v notice_n of_o this_o stone_n and_o of_o the_o inscription_n mention_v his_o word_n translate_v be_v these_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o china_n where_o now_o trigautius_n reside_v a_o certain_a stone_n of_o about_o twenty_o four_o hand_n breath_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o which_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a that_o above_o a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o three_o year_n since_o there_o be_v christian_n with_o shave_a crown_n that_o preach_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o trinity_n and_o incarnation_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o china_n confer_v many_o favour_n on_o they_o doctor_n leo_n desire_v to_o have_v the_o whole_a matter_n print_v first_o transcribe_v by_o the_o mandorin_n that_o be_v christian_n to_o show_v all_o the_o mystery_n contain_v on_o the_o stone_n that_o the_o same_o may_v more_o plain_o appear_v at_o present_a we_o only_o endeavour_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o emperor_n god_n prosper_v all_o to_o his_o own_o 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be_v express_v in_o that_o stone_n and_o who_o â—ll_o of_o they_o favour_v the_o christian_n now_o the_o preacher_n of_o this_o law_n come_v out_o of_o palestine_n and_o other_o adjoin_a place_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a mystery_n of_o our_o faith_n which_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o inscription_n all_o which_o be_v large_o evident_a from_o the_o forementioned_a testimony_n of_o father_n boim_n martinius_n and_o daniel_n bartolus_n which_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o study_n of_o the_o college_n of_o our_o society_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v worth_a our_o time_n to_o produce_v this_o syrian_a inscription_n in_o the_o same_o strangelick_n character_n in_o which_o it_o be_v express_v in_o china_n together_o with_o the_o interpretation_n especial_o see_v the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n in_o china_n therefore_o send_v it_o hither_o into_o europe_n in_o a_o particular_a folio_n print_v in_o china_n by_o the_o master_n of_o that_o language_n for_o a_o better_a explanation_n of_o it_o for_o this_o be_v explain_v i_o hope_v it_o will_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o day_n the_o name_n the_o country_n and_o the_o office_n of_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o final_o our_o design_n will_v the_o more_o evident_o be_v discover_v the_o inscription_n of_o the_o syriack_n name_n be_v twofold_a one_o of_o they_o sculp_v on_o the_o margin_n the_o other_o on_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o monument_n and_o because_o this_o latter_a contain_v the_o year_n of_o its_o erection_n we_o shall_v begin_v the_o thread_n of_o our_o exposition_n from_o it_o the_o syrian_a inscription_n be_v as_o follow_v adam_n kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n upapasi_fw-la di_fw-it zinstà n_n bejume_v abo_n dabohotho_fw-la mor_fw-mi haâ—an_fw-mi jesua_n kataliko_n patriarchis_fw-la besanath_n alf_a utisaain_n utarten_v dia_z vanoie_n mor_fw-mi libuzad_v kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n de_fw-fr cumdan_n medinah_fw-mi malcutho_fw-mi bar_n nihh_fw-mi napso_fw-la milis_fw-la kasiso_fw-la dmâ—_n balehh_v medintho_n tahhurstan_n akim_n lucho_fw-la hono_fw-la papa_n dicta_fw-la bou_fw-mi beh_fw-it medaharnaâ—ho_fw-mi dpharukan_fw-mi ucaruzuthon_n dabhain_v daluat_a malche_fw-mi dizinio_fw-mi adam_n meschamschono_n bar_v jidbuzad_a curaphiscopo_n mar_n sargis_n kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n sarnischua_n kasiso_n gabriel_n kasiso_n varcodia_fw-la cun_fw-la urisch_n ahito_fw-la de_fw-fr cumbdan_n u._fw-mi dasrag_fw-mi this_o the_o explication_n of_o it_o adam_n priest_n or_o presbyter_n and_o archbishop_n and_o pope_n of_o zindostan_n or_o the_o region_n of_o china_n where_o note_v that_o stan_n in_o the_o indian_a language_n signify_v a_o region_n whence_o be_v derive_v indostan_n turkistan_n or_o turchestan_n and_o the_o like_a name_n that_o signify_v the_o same_o even_o as_o the_o follow_a german_a name_n friesland_n and_o franckeland_n signify_v the_o region_n of_o frisia_n and_o francovia_n and_o other_o innumerable_a word_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n all_o which_o be_v 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erect_v this_o table_n and_o the_o administration_n or_o government_n of_o our_o savionr_n be_v inscribe_v in_o it_o and_o also_o the_o preach_a of_o our_o father_n who_o reside_v with_o the_o king_n of_o china_n adam_n the_o deacon_n son_n of_o jidbuzad_n episcopal_a vicar_n mar_n sargis_n presbyter_n and_o episcopal_a vicar_n sarnischua_n presbyter_n gabriel_n presbyter_n and_o archdeacon_n head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o cumdan_n and_o dasrag_n and_o these_o be_v find_v in_o the_o folio_n print_v in_o china_n which_o be_v also_o see_v ensculpt_v on_o the_o stone_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v any_o far_o i_o must_v clear_v one_o difficulty_n which_o occur_v about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o erection_n of_o this_o stone_n for_o the_o year_n of_o this_o stone_n in_o the_o chinesian_a inscription_n be_v find_v so_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o syriack_n that_o not_o a_o few_o person_n be_v perplex_v with_o the_o diversity_n allege_v their_o doubt_n unto_o i_o concern_v the_o 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treat_v of_o the_o same_o subject_a with_o those_o other_o five_o and_o these_o nine_o book_n be_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o china_n among_o the_o bookseller_n out_o of_o which_o all_o other_o be_v compose_v and_o certain_o therein_o be_v contain_v most_o excellent_a rule_n and_o direction_n for_o the_o well_o order_v of_o all_o civil_a affair_n and_o such_o as_o have_v prove_v to_o the_o very_a great_a advantage_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o ancient_a king_n that_o whosoever_o will_v be_v a_o learned_a man_n or_o so_o repute_v must_v extract_v the_o principal_a groundwork_n of_o his_o learning_n from_o these_o book_n nor_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o understand_v the_o true_a meaning_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o must_v likewise_o get_v they_o by_o heart_n and_o be_v able_a to_o repeat_v a_o considerable_a part_n thereof_o if_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v arrive_v at_o a_o eminent_a pitch_n 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graduate_n they_o enjoy_v likewise_o several_a honourable_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o be_v prefer_v to_o considerable_a employment_n in_o the_o government_n the_o second_o degree_n of_o honour_n to_o which_o the_o learned_a chineses_n be_v prefer_v be_v call_v kiugin_n which_o be_v give_v with_o much_o more_o state_n than_o the_o former_a and_o be_v confer_v only_o upon_o such_o as_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o deserve_v and_o this_o promotion_n be_v make_v but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n and_o perform_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o each_o capital_a city_n be_v a_o great_a and_o well-built_a palace_n encompass_v with_o high_a wall_n and_o set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o scholar_n in_o this_o place_n be_v several_a apartment_n and_o mansion_n for_o the_o use_n of_o examiner_n when_o they_o come_v to_o supervise_v the_o scholar_n work_n beside_o these_o apartment_n there_o be_v at_o least_o a_o thousand_o cell_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o palace_n but_o so_o small_a that_o they_o will_v only_o contain_v only_o one_o person_n a_o little_a table_n and_o a_o bench_n in_o these_o no_o one_o can_v speak_v to_o his_o neighbour_n nor_o be_v see_v by_o he_o when_o the_o king_n examiner_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o city_n they_o be_v lock_v up_o apart_o in_o this_o palace_n and_o not_o suffer_v to_o discourse_n with_o any_o whatsoever_o while_o they_o be_v there_o when_o the_o time_n of_o examination_n be_v come_v to_o which_o be_v appoint_v three_o whole_a day_n namely_o the_o nine_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o month_n then_o be_v the_o write_n of_o the_o scholar_n with_o great_a judgement_n narrow_o examine_v and_o several_a question_n propound_v to_o be_v resolve_v by_o they_o the_o three_o degree_n be_v call_v cinsu_n and_o be_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n law_n or_o physic_n in_o europe_n and_o this_o be_v confer_v likewise_o every_o three_o year_n and_o to_o they_o only_o in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n to_o this_o honour_n can_v only_o three_o hundred_o out_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n arrive_v and_o the_o examination_n of_o they_o before_o they_o be_v choose_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o king_n examiner_n in_o the_o same_o method_n and_o state_n as_o the_o former_a and_o such_o as_o attain_v to_o this_o height_n of_o honour_n by_o their_o learning_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v have_v in_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n by_o the_o people_n chap._n iii_o of_o several_a chinese_n handicraft-trade_n comedian_n juggler_n and_o beggar_n the_o chineses_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o some_o experience_n and_o skill_n in_o architecture_n although_o for_o neatness_n and_o polite_a curiosity_n their_o building_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o in_o europe_n neither_o be_v their_o edifice_n so_o costly_a or_o durable_a in_o regard_n they_o proportion_v their_o house_n to_o the_o 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in_o china_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o wood_n or_o rest_n upon_o wooden_a pillar_n yet_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n as_o in_o europe_n and_o be_v contrive_v commodious_o within_o though_o not_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n without_o however_o by_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o people_n they_o be_v keep_v very_o clean_a and_o neat_a their_o temple_n be_v most_o curious_o build_v some_o whereof_o in_o solitary_a place_n near_o the_o highway_n to_o the_o great_a accommodation_n of_o traveller_n they_o be_v hang_v full_a of_o image_n and_o heavy_a lamp_n which_o burn_v continual_o in_o memory_n of_o one_o or_o other_o that_o live_v well_o and_o die_v happy_o these_o people_n have_v make_v no_o small_a progress_n in_o several_a science_n by_o their_o early_a be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o art_n of_o print_v for_o though_o those_o of_o europe_n do_v therein_o exceed_v the_o chineses_n have_v reduce_v the_o same_o to_o more_o exactness_n and_o certain_a method_n yet_o say_v trigautius_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n the_o use_n of_o the_o printing-press_n be_v much_o soon_o in_o china_n than_o in_o europe_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o chinese_n for_o five_o age_n past_a nay_o some_o stick_v not_o to_o affirm_v that_o they_o use_v print_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ._n mercator_n in_o his_o great_a atlas_n write_v that_o the_o printing-press_n and_o the_o use_n of_o cannon_n be_v of_o so_o great_a antiquity_n in_o china_n that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v who_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o they_o all_o which_o if_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v yet_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v too_o large_a in_o say_v that_o that_o printing_n have_v be_v use_v by_o they_o ever_o since_o their_o country_n have_v be_v call_v the_o empire_n or_o kingdom_n of_o china_n
stranger_n and_o to_o negotiate_v their_o business_n for_o they_o yet_o we_o resolve_v not_o to_o be_v discourage_v but_o rather_o take_v the_o great_a magnanimity_n and_o trust_v in_o almighty_a god_n who_o sometime_o permit_v difficulty_n to_o appear_v insupportable_a by_o humane_a strength_n that_o we_o may_v ascribe_v our_o happy_a success_n to_o he_o alone_o and_o return_v he_o all_o praise_n and_o thanks_o who_o bring_v all_o our_o work_n to_o pass_v with_o erect_a spirit_n therefore_o and_o our_o heart_n advance_v we_o accost_v a_o famous_a chinese_n who_o be_v likewise_o precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o hospitality_n for_o now_o all_o their_o court_n have_v double_a chief_n and_o precedent_n in_o they_o the_o one_o a_o tartar_n and_o the_o other_o a_o chinese_n earnest_o request_v his_o favourable_a assistance_n in_o this_o business_n for_o know_v his_o authority_n in_o his_o favour_n lie_v our_o great_a hope_n and_o he_o be_v ever_o a_o most_o friendly_a person_n to_o we_o as_o he_o have_v be_v to_o the_o father_n our_o predecessor_n and_o one_o that_o have_v a_o good_a opinion_n of_o our_o book_n and_o science_n to_o who_o we_o present_v a_o book_n write_v in_o chinese_n character_n a_o mirror_n or_o theatre_n of_o their_o part_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o i_o show_v he_o a_o description_n of_o the_o island_n adjacent_a to_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n and_o among_o they_o a_o geographical_a map_n of_o the_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la which_o they_o vulgar_o call_v tywan_n and_o so_o take_v occasion_n to_o report_v those_o mischief_n that_o have_v befall_v that_o isle_n since_o the_o hollander_n invade_v and_o to_o declare_v the_o imminent_a danger_n impend_v not_o only_a over_o that_o province_n of_o fokien_n but_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o such_o a_o enemy_n particular_o that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o hollander_n remain_v upon_o the_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la neither_o civencheu_o nor_o cincheu_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n can_v ever_o be_v secure_a or_o flourish_v but_o will_v be_v in_o perpetual_a hazard_n of_o decay_n this_o mandorin_n be_v wonderful_o please_v with_o the_o book_n and_o promise_v i_o to_o show_v it_o to_o the_o council_n that_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v about_o the_o hollander_n and_o withal_o he_o add_v this_o word_n of_o consolation_n that_o these_o hollander_n shall_v never_o accomplish_v and_o bring_v to_o pass_v their_o design_n here_o although_o i_o well_o know_v they_o have_v bribe_v the_o king_n of_o canton_n and_o many_o other_o great_a officer_n about_o the_o court_n for_o i_o will_v never_o suffer_v they_o to_o enter_v into_o china_n or_o to_o be_v allow_v any_o commerce_n with_o it_o and_o as_o he_o promise_v so_o he_o likewise_o perform_v with_o other_o chineses_n of_o his_o party_n withstand_v the_o tartar_n and_o anon_o produce_v the_o book_n to_o they_o whereunto_o they_o all_o give_v great_a estimation_n and_o credit_n because_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n at_o length_n from_o the_o cognizance_n that_o all_o great_a man_n take_v of_o the_o hollander_n and_o the_o fame_n that_o be_v spread_v of_o they_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o tartar_n shut_v they_o up_o and_o not_o only_o deny_v they_o liberty_n to_o sell_v any_o thing_n or_o to_o buy_v any_o necessary_n for_o themselves_o but_o also_o prohibit_v they_o to_o receive_v those_o entertainment_n whereunto_o some_o of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o canton's_n intimate_a friend_n have_v invite_v they_o nor_o will_v they_o suffer_v any_o man_n so_o much_o as_o to_o sit_v down_o at_o their_o door_n whence_o the_o dutch_a despair_v of_o any_o good_a issue_n of_o their_o negotiation_n plain_o disow_v their_o pretence_n of_o seek_v any_o commerce_n here_o and_o pretend_v their_o business_n to_o be_v only_o a_o congratulation_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o new_a conquest_n which_o have_v now_o perform_v with_o their_o most_o hearty_a wish_n for_o the_o continuance_n and_o increase_n of_o his_o posterity_n they_o desire_v his_o majesty_n leave_n to_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n and_o country_n hitherto_o whatever_o father_n lodowick_n balion_n and_o myself_o have_v do_v to_o defeat_v the_o hollander_n if_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o our_o wish_n it_o be_v according_a to_o our_o power_n and_o by_o divine_a assistance_n it_o prove_v sufficient_a in_o our_o lay_n open_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o alienate_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o chinese_n from_o they_o and_o of_o many_o tartar_n too_o who_o before_o stand_v at_o the_o most_o but_o in_o a_o neutrality_n and_o to_o the_o strike_v some_o terror_n in_o those_o who_o have_v be_v corrupt_v by_o their_o bribe_n i_o say_v that_o by_o divine_a assistance_n it_o prove_v sufficient_a for_o without_o that_o it_o have_v be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o have_v advance_v one_o step_n in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o well_o for_o the_o vast_a gift_n and_o present_n whereby_o they_o have_v gain_v upon_o man_n who_o they_o have_v find_v capable_a of_o further_a their_o design_n as_o for_o the_o contrary_a penury_n on_o our_o side_n which_o lose_v we_o many_o advantage_n that_o we_o can_v otherwise_o have_v take_v for_o at_o peking_n as_o at_o old_a rome_n all_o thing_n be_v buy_v and_o sold._n we_o go_v often_o to_o the_o old_a church_n to_o confer_v with_o father_n john_n adam_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o to_o animate_v he_o to_o acquaint_v the_o emperor_n with_o it_o for_o he_o have_v frequent_a access_n to_o the_o emperor_n ear_n i_o say_v to_o animate_v he_o not_o that_o he_o want_v either_o courage_n or_o good_a will_n but_o because_o as_o i_o have_v former_o write_v unto_o your_o lordship_n all_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n be_v entire_o act_v in_o the_o tribunal_n from_o whence_o alone_o the_o emperor_n be_v to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o empire_n whereto_o he_o common_o conform_v himself_o yea_o sometime_o if_o he_o will_v he_o can_v alter_v the_o determination_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n who_o be_v become_v the_o supreme_a legislator_n of_o that_o empire_n when_o homebred_a and_o domestic_a business_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o question_n and_o whereof_o the_o emperor_n have_v any_o knowledge_n though_o it_o be_v but_o small_a they_o common_o make_v their_o address_n to_o his_o majesty_n about_o it_o but_o of_o foreign_a business_n he_o have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o till_o they_o have_v finish_v it_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o thing_n of_o little_a danger_n to_o move_v the_o emperor_n in_o lest_o they_o who_o favour_v the_o hollander_n may_v be_v provoke_v to_o plead_v that_o what_o father_n john_n and_o we_o do_v proceed_v mere_o from_o envy_n and_o covetousness_n to_o defame_v the_o hollander_n because_o we_o will_v engross_v the_o trade_n of_o canton_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o portuguese_a exclude_v all_o other_o nation_n who_o probable_o may_v be_v more_o advantageous_a to_o this_o empire_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o father_n adam_n do_v adventure_v to_o speak_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v always_o high_o please_v to_o favour_v he_o and_o now_o to_o entertain_v his_o motion_n and_o for_o his_o sake_n to_o incline_v to_o our_o party_n and_o it_o please_v god_n so_o to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o gainsayer_n that_o none_o dare_v open_a after_o your_o lordship_n owe_v much_o to_o father_n john_n valleat_n who_o although_o he_o can_v not_o negotiate_v with_o any_o abroad_o out_o of_o the_o palace_n as_o he_o wish_v be_v yet_o very_o behoveful_a in_o his_o constant_a solicitation_n of_o father_n john_n adam_n exhort_v he_o to_o improve_v his_o interest_n in_o the_o emperor_n about_o our_o business_n and_o suggest_v many_o reason_n to_o he_o of_o its_o feasibleness_n and_o what_o he_o do_v herein_o we_o have_v extract_v out_o of_o a_o epistle_n from_o he_o to_o father_n visidore_n as_o follow_v the_o twelve_o of_o this_o present_a february_n i_o be_v with_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v please_v according_a to_o his_o wont_a to_o honour_v i_o with_o familiar_a discourse_n among_o other_o subject_n he_o fall_v upon_o the_o hollander_n which_o give_v i_o occasion_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o their_o proper_a colour_n and_o particular_o to_o admonish_v the_o emperor_n of_o that_o great_a lie_n wherewith_o they_o have_v arm_v themselves_o upon_o their_o come_n hither_o in_o the_o poud_a boast_n of_o their_o large_a dominion_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v legal_a and_o ancient_a owner_n of_o great_a territory_n when_o they_o the_o truth_n be_v be_v but_o violent_a possessor_n of_o a_o small_a part_n of_o a_o country_n which_o they_o at_o first_o have_v traitorous_o usurp_v and_o since_o rebellious_o defend_v from_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o thereupon_o become_v vagabond_n upon_o the_o sea_n there_o
respect_n sina_n in_o their_o language_n signify_v a_o most_o brave_a and_o famous_a country_n other_o oppose_v will_v have_v this_o kingdom_n to_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n chincheu_o because_o these_o people_n drive_v only_o a_o constant_a trade_n by_o sea_n to_o most_o place_n of_o asia_n so_o that_o the_o portuguese_n and_o indian_n by_o leave_v out_o the_o same_o letter_n of_o the_o word_n chincheu_o may_v easy_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o china_n but_o those_o be_v in_o a_o very_a great_a error_n that_o will_v have_v the_o word_n china_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o a_o certain_a word_n cinch_n which_o by_o the_o chinese_n be_v very_o much_o use_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o assertion_n will_v clear_o appear_v from_o hence_o in_o that_o the_o chinese_n who_o trade_n with_o the_o indian_n or_o portuguese_n to_o those_o place_n and_o go_v with_o their_o ship_n to_o india_n use_v on_o the_o score_n of_o civility_n and_o kind_a respect_n to_o greet_v each_o other_o in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n not_o with_o the_o name_n of_o cinch_n but_o siam_fw-it now_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o most_o probable_a truth_n among_o the_o various_a opinion_n of_o writer_n be_v that_o which_o the_o jesuit_n martinus_n martinii_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o skill_n in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o china_n have_v assert_v in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o history_n of_o china_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v as_o follow_v i_o shall_v not_o say_v he_o let_v this_o pass_v unmentioned_a which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o likely_a that_o not_o only_o by_o the_o indian_n but_o also_o by_o stranger_n the_o name_n china_n take_v rise_v and_o original_n from_o the_o generation_n family_n or_o branch_n of_o cina_n who_o govern_v in_o china_n in_o the_o 246._o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n so_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o call_v it_o china_n but_o rather_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sinen_n or_o cinen_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o those_o king_n which_o proceed_v from_o this_o branch_n the_o name_n of_o siner_n be_v first_o make_v know_v by_o stranger_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o indian_n by_o the_o indian_n the_o name_n of_o china_n afterward_o come_v into_o use_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o portuguese_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o india_n for_o this_o family_n of_o cina_n govern_v over_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o siner_n who_o live_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o continual_o have_v war_n with_o foreiner_n when_o afterward_o the_o court_n or_o seat_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v plant_v there_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n this_o family_n of_o cina_n be_v rise_v to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o all_o prosperity_n prove_v after_o a_o great_a invader_n of_o other_o territory_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v no_o wonder_n that_o stranger_n and_o remote_a nation_n have_v the_o name_n of_o cina_n so_o frequent_a among_o they_o and_o though_o the_o sineses_n call_v this_o far_a part_n of_o asia_n or_o cina_n by_o several_a name_n according_a to_o the_o govern_v family_n that_o happen_v to_o change_v yet_o however_o foreiner_n do_v reserve_v the_o first_o name_n which_o they_o hear_v and_o this_o be_v my_o opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n sina_n and_o according_a to_o this_o assertion_n the_o first_o letter_n of_o the_o word_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v not_o with_o a_o saint_n but_o with_o a_o c._n all_o china_n be_v former_o divide_v by_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n xunus_n into_o 12_o province_n china_n afterward_o the_o emperor_n yva_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n after_o the_o death_n of_o xinus_fw-la about_o 260_o year_n before_o the_o incarnation_n of_o our_o saviour_n reduce_v all_o china_n into_o nine_o province_n which_o only_o at_o that_o time_n comprehend_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o china_n and_o have_v for_o their_o confine_n the_o river_n kiang_n but_o after_o that_o they_o have_v conquer_a the_o southern_a part_n by_o degree_n and_o somewhat_o civilise_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v divide_v into_o 15_o province_n among_o these_o also_o they_o reckon_v the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n which_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o west_n of_o peking_n where_o the_o great_a wall_n begin_v and_o the_o hanging-island_n of_o corea_n both_o which_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n there_o be_v several_a other_o island_n beside_o which_o pay_v also_o tribute_n among_o which_o the_o island_n haman_n be_v the_o chief_a lie_v in_o the_o sea_n over_o against_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n among_o the_o island_n which_o be_v tributary_n to_o this_o kingdom_n be_v also_o account_v the_o island_n formosa_fw-la which_o the_o chineses_n call_v lieukieu_o and_o situate_v over_o against_o the_o province_n of_o foken_n and_o also_o the_o island_n cheuxan_n over_o against_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n a_o very_a famous_a place_n for_o trading_n but_o of_o this_o more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o six_o of_o the_o 15_o province_n verge_n upon_o the_o sea_n as_o peking_n xantung_n kiangnan_n or_o nank_v cheaiang_n foke_v and_o quantung_v from_o hence_o towards_o the_o north_n lie_v the_o midland_n country_n as_o quangsi_n kiangsi_fw-la huquang_n honan_n and_o xansi_fw-fr and_o towards_o the_o west_n the_o other_o four_o xensi_fw-la sucheu_fw-la queicheu_o and_o junnan_n last_o this_o empire_n which_o comprehend_v 15_o kingdom_n be_v also_o divide_v into_o the_o south_n and_o north-china_n south-china_n the_o tartar_n call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mangin_n and_o north-china_n the_o kingdom_n of_o catay_n in_o the_o first_o be_v nine_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o last_o six_o or_o eight_o if_o you_o will_v reckon_v among_o they_o the_o kingdom_n of_o leaotung_n and_o the_o hanging-island_n of_o corea_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o do_v clear_o appear_v how_o far_o those_o be_v mistake_v who_o write_v of_o another_o empire_n beyond_o china_n which_o they_o call_v catay_n as_o likewise_o of_o several_a town_n as_o quinsey_n cambalu_n and_o many_o other_o fiction_n whereas_o in_o truth_n beyond_o the_o great_a wall_n no_o other_o people_n live_v but_o tartar_n who_o have_v no_o fix_a abode_n but_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n in_o wagon_n and_o so_o travel_v from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o may_v be_v find_v at_o large_a in_o the_o write_n of_o those_o who_o have_v sufficient_o confute_v this_o great_a error_n and_o mistake_v as_o virgantius_fw-la and_o martinus_n martinii_n in_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n among_o the_o rest_n the_o jesuit_n have_v likewise_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o beyond_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n no_o monarchy_n of_o catay_n be_v to_o be_v find_v insomuch_o that_o the_o same_o people_n who_o we_o call_v chineses_n be_v by_o the_o persian_n call_v cataians_n this_o same_o mistake_n have_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_o and_o learned_o confute_v with_o undeniable_a argument_n by_o the_o most_o learned_a jacob_n gool_n a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a knowledge_n in_o all_o art_n of_o literature_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o oriental_a language_n and_o at_o present_a arabic_a professor_n in_o the_o university_n of_o leyden_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o atlas_n of_o china_n the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v so_o enclose_v with_o several_a island_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o sea_n that_o it_o seem_v almost_o to_o be_v foursquare_a only_o two_o great_a mountain_n thrust_v themselves_o out_o towards_o the_o sea_n which_o in_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v call_v tung_n the_o one_o lie_n by_o the_o town_n of_o ningpo_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v sail_v in_o 40_o hour_n to_o the_o island_n of_o japan_n the_o other_o great_a hill_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n near_o to_o the_o town_n of_o tengoheu_o china_n situate_v in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o asia_n situation_n border_n towards_o the_o east_n south_n and_o west_n upon_o the_o great_a indian_a sea_n and_o be_v call_v tung_n by_o the_o chinese_n which_o signify_v easterly_a and_o on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n and_o nicolhan_n by_o that_o famous_a wall_n which_o be_v make_v by_o those_o of_o china_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n high_a up_o towards_o the_o north_n it_o have_v for_o frontier_n the_o kingdom_n of_o taniju_n and_o a_o wilderness_n call_v samo_n which_o separate_v the_o north_n side_n of_o this_o china_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samahan_n and_o cascar_n upon_o the_o other_o province_n situate_v towards_o the_o south_n join_v the_o kingdom_n of_o prester-iohn_n geo_n which_o by_o the_o chinese_n be_v call_v by_o one_o common_a name_n sifan_n as_o also_o tibet_n laos_n and_o mien_n likewise_o china_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o brangale_n and_o to_o some_o part_n of_o tartary_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o damascus_n which_o
to_o live_v as_o private_a person_n under_o the_o three_o be_v reckon_v such_o as_o be_v decrepit_a and_o too_o far_o strike_v in_o year_n for_o government_n or_o else_o such_o as_o be_v too_o remiss_a in_o their_o office_n these_o though_o they_o be_v put_v by_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o office_n yet_o enjoy_v all_o their_o privilege_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a when_o they_o be_v in_o their_o place_n so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v in_o the_o four_o rank_n be_v put_v down_o such_o as_o have_v be_v too_o hasty_a and_o rash_a in_o pass_v sentence_n act_v without_o any_o forecast_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v degrade_v and_o put_v in_o some_o inferior_a office_n or_o else_o employ_v elsewhere_o upon_o less_o weighty_a affair_n in_o the_o last_o place_n all_o such_o as_o live_v imprudent_o and_o unbecoming_a the_o greatness_n of_o their_o station_n and_o employment_n be_v not_o only_o deprive_v of_o their_o place_n but_o also_o of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n for_o ever_o the_o like_a general_a inquisition_n and_o examination_n be_v make_v every_o twelve_o year_n among_o the_o rix-council_n as_o also_o among_o the_o military_a officer_n beside_o the_o mandorin_n and_o assistant_n be_v oblige_v once_o a_o day_n to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o their_o city_n of_o their_o own_o and_o other_o person_n transaction_n under_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o also_o what_o have_v past_a either_o in_o city_n or_o country_n and_o if_o they_o forbear_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o state_n which_o afterward_o come_v to_o be_v know_v they_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v without_o any_o delay_n or_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n a_o instance_n whereof_o happen_v at_o canton_n when_o we_o be_v there_o the_o old_a viceroy_n cause_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a mandorin_n to_o be_v kill_v in_o his_o presence_n for_o such_o a_o crime_n and_o will_v not_o delay_v the_o expiation_n of_o the_o criminal_n offence_n by_o his_o blood_n so_o long_o till_o the_o executioner_n can_v be_v fetch_v to_o behead_v the_o offender_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n four_o none_o may_v in_o the_o province_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n but_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o field-commander_n the_o reason_n whereof_o may_v be_v lest_o he_o who_o sit_v in_o the_o place_n of_o justice_n shall_v favour_v his_o relation_n but_o the_o soldier_n be_v at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o country_n will_v fight_v pro_fw-la aris_n &_o focis_fw-la and_o the_o more_o valiant_o defend_v it_o the_o son_n of_o such_o as_o be_v magistrate_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o go_v much_o abroad_o that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o be_v corrupt_v with_o bribe_n five_o the_o chineses_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o stranger_n to_o continue_v in_o their_o country_n who_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o return_v home_o into_o his_o own_o native_a soil_n or_o be_v find_v to_o hold_v any_o correspondence_n with_o foreign_a kingdom_n neither_o be_v a_o foreiner_n permit_v to_o come_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o no_o stranger_n dare_v venture_v into_o china_n otherwise_o than_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n which_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o as_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o china_n but_o also_o of_o their_o friend_n ally_n and_o tributary_n who_o pay_v tax_n to_o they_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o neighbour_a islander_n of_o corea_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n observe_v the_o chinese_n law_n and_o if_o they_o discover_v a_o foreiner_n to_o have_v live_v private_o in_o china_n they_o restrain_v he_o from_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n six_o no_o body_n be_v suffer_v to_o wear_v any_o arm_n within_o a_o city_n nor_o the_o soldier_n nor_o commander_n nor_o the_o learned_a philosopher_n unless_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o march_n and_o go_v to_o the_o war_n neither_o be_v any_o suffer_v to_o have_v arm_n in_o their_o house_n or_o to_o ride_v arm_v otherwise_o than_o with_o a_o dagger_n to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o high-way-man_n in_o this_o empire_n all_o magisterial_a officer_n whatever_o whether_o philosophical_a or_o of_o the_o council_n of_o war_n be_v rank_v into_o nine_o order_n according_a to_o which_o each_o have_v a_o monthly_a allowance_n pay_v he_o either_o in_o money_n or_o rice_n out_o of_o the_o public_a revenue_n which_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o state_n and_o garb_n they_o live_v in_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o defray_v the_o charge_n and_o expense_n they_o be_v at_o for_o those_o of_o the_o high_a order_n have_v but_o a_o thousand_o crown_n yearly_a yet_o some_o of_o they_o grow_v to_o be_v very_o rich_a man_n but_o certain_o not_o by_o what_o be_v give_v they_o underhand_o for_o courtesy_n do_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o examination_n aforesaid_a all_o the_o magistrate_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a wear_v for_o a_o badge_n and_o mark_n of_o respect_n and_o dignity_n one_o sort_n and_o fashion_n of_o hat_n which_o none_o else_o be_v suffer_v to_o wear_v these_o hat_n or_o bonnet_n be_v make_v of_o black_a silk_n and_o have_v on_o both_o side_n two_o oval_a flap_n which_o cover_v the_o ear_n and_o be_v make_v fast_o to_o the_o bonnet_n that_o they_o can_v fall_v off_o in_o which_o manner_n and_o garb_n when_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o street_n they_o walk_v with_o great_a gravity_n not_o differ_v from_o each_o other_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o habit_n save_v only_o that_o they_o have_v distinguish_v mark_n upon_o their_o clothes_n whereby_o their_o quality_n be_v know_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o what_o order_n they_o belong_v last_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o chinese_n though_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o empire_n yet_o sit_v every_o where_o in_o the_o council_n they_o enjoy_v their_o old_a law_n custom_n and_o privilege_n as_o former_o and_o it_o seem_v the_o tartar_n suffer_v this_o in_o regard_n they_o find_v the_o chineses_n have_v more_o understanding_n and_o be_v better_o verse_v in_o govern_v the_o country_n and_o people_n than_o themselves_o who_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n and_o more_o able_a by_o force_n to_o conquer_v than_o by_o policy_n to_o rule_v kingdom_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o character_n language_n write_v and_o literature_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o learned_a in_o china_n arrive_v to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o knowledge_n the_o chinese_n manner_n of_o write_v differ_v very_o much_o from_o the_o language_n they_o speak_v for_o there_o be_v not_o one_o book_n in_o all_o china_n which_o be_v write_v in_o their_o mother-tongue_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n without_o exception_n be_v monasyllable_n neither_o have_v they_o few_o letter_n than_o word_n for_o each_o letter_n be_v with_o they_o a_o word_n and_o though_o there_o be_v some_o chinese_n word_n which_o comprehend_v several_a letter_n yet_o every_o one_o of_o those_o letter_n signify_v a_o particular_a word_n and_o although_o the_o chineses_n have_v as_o many_o character_n as_o business_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o join_v they_o that_o they_o make_v about_o seventy_o or_o eighty_o thousand_o but_o about_o the_o certain_a number_n writer_n seem_v to_o differ_v the_o jesuit_n athanasius_n kircher_n reckon_v they_o eighty_o thousand_o in_o all_o which_o they_o must_v be_v know_v and_o expert_a who_o will_v aim_v at_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o learning_n although_o any_o one_o that_o know_v but_o ten_o thousand_o of_o they_o may_v perfect_o understand_v the_o language_n and_o be_v able_a to_o write_v their_o character_n m._n martinus_n in_o his_o prologue_n to_o the_o history_n of_o china_n say_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v above_o sixty_o thousand_o character_n which_o have_v several_a distinction_n and_o signification_n this_o be_v confirm_v my_o mandelslo_n in_o his_o persian_a voyage_n though_o other_o raise_v the_o number_n to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o and_o which_o be_v worth_a observation_n notwithstanding_o this_o almost_o infinite_a variety_n and_o difficulty_n yet_o such_o be_v their_o diligence_n and_o industry_n that_o all_o these_o word_n be_v find_v in_o a_o large_a dictionary_n call_v holpien_n which_o signify_v the_o sea_n of_o this_o so_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o chinese_n letter_n no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o the_o original_a number_n have_v be_v increase_v from_o time_n to_o time_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o method_n of_o the_o chineses_n write_v i_o conceive_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o declare_v more_o plain_o the_o form_n and_o difference_n of_o these_o their_o so_o vary_a character_n
and_o to_o that_o end_n and_o purpose_n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o old_a chinese_n character_n or_o letter_n differ_v very_o much_o from_o those_o in_o present_a use_n for_o at_o first_o the_o chineses_n characterise_v their_o meaning_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o hierogly_a phick_n shape_n as_o of_o fourfooted_a beast_n creep_v creature_n fish_n herb_n bough_n of_o tree_n rope_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v various_o make_v and_o contrive_v as_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o user_n think_v meet_v but_o after-age_n by_o a_o long_a series_n of_o time_n and_o a_o constant_a practical_a use_n thereof_o find_v a_o great_a confusion_n in_o such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o differ_v creature_n and_o herb_n imitate_v the_o form_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o character_n make_v or_o add_v some_o little_a point_n and_o line_n about_o they_o to_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o another_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v reduce_v they_o into_o better_a order_n and_o a_o less_o number_n and_o those_o be_v the_o letter_n they_o use_v at_o present_a of_o the_o old_a chinese_n character_n there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v seventeen_o sort_n the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a be_v invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n tohias_n and_o compose_v of_o dragon_n and_o snake_n most_o strange_o interweave_v one_o within_o another_o and_o cast_v into_o several_a form_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o book_n which_o the_o same_o emperor_n tohias_n write_v of_o astrology_n be_v call_v the_o book_n of_o dragon_n but_o at_o this_o time_n those_o character_n be_v quite_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n in_o the_o country_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v frame_v out_o of_o several_a thing_n belong_v to_o husbandry_n and_o use_v by_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n xinnung_n in_o all_o treatise_n concern_v tillage_n the_o three_o sort_n consist_v of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o bird_n fumhoan_n and_o be_v invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n xanhoan_n who_o have_v likewise_o write_v a_o particular_a book_n of_o bird_n in_o these_o character_n the_o four_o sort_n of_o old_a character_n be_v compile_v out_o of_o oyster_n and_o small_a worm_n the_o five_o of_o several_a sort_n of_o root_n of_o herb_n and_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o form_n the_o ancient_a chineses_n have_v write_v several_a book_n the_o six_o sort_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o claw_n of_o cock_n and_o hen_n and_o other_o fowl_n and_o invent_v by_o king_n choam_n the_o seven_o be_v compose_v of_o tortoise-shell_n and_o have_v for_o their_o first_o founder_n the_o emperor_n yoo_z the_o eight_o be_v show_v in_o small_a bird_n and_o parrot_n the_o nine_o in_o herb_n and_o bird_n the_o ten_o be_v of_o co_n invent_v only_o for_o a_o token_n of_o remembrance_n the_o eleven_o be_v of_o star_n the_o twelve_o of_o several_a other_o letter_n serve_v for_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n to_o the_o thirteen_o belong_v the_o letter_n you_o can_v chi_fw-mi cien_fw-fr tao_n the_o character_n of_o the_o fourteen_o sort_n be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o rest_n mirth_n knowledge_n darkness_n and_o clearness_n the_o fifteen_o sort_n be_v of_o fish_n the_o sixteen_o sort_n be_v not_o yet_o know_v to_o we_o in_o europe_n nor_o indeed_o to_o any_o beside_o themselves_o and_o not_o to_o all_o they_o neither_o the_o seventeen_o sort_n be_v use_v in_o seal_v up_o of_o letter_n and_o write_v of_o superscription_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v more_o clear_o understand_v the_o matter_n i_o will_v set_v down_o some_o of_o the_o old_a character_n with_o those_o now_o in_o use_n as_o for_o example_n the_o character_n number_v with_o the_o figure_n 1._o signify_v with_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n at_o present_a as_o the_o number_n 2._o do_v express_v the_o sun_n be_v demonstrate_v former_o by_o a_o round_a circle_n or_o ring_n with_o a_o speck_n in_o the_o middle_n as_o the_o number_n 3._o declare_v but_o now_o it_o be_v express_v as_o in_o number_n 4._o a_o dragon_n be_v former_o depict_v with_o the_o figure_n as_o be_v express_v in_o number_n 5._o but_o now_o as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o figure_n number_n 6._o a_o sceptre_n with_o one_o eye_n as_o be_v express_v in_o number_n 7._o signify_v former_o the_o king_n name_n but_o now_o it_o be_v show_v with_o the_o figure_n as_o in_o number_n 8._o a_o bird_n hen_n or_o cock_n be_v former_o express_v in_o full_a shape_n and_o posture_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o number_n 9_o and_o 11._o but_o at_o present_a those_o creature_n be_v describe_v as_o in_o number_n 10._o and_o 12._o but_o the_o chineses_n at_o present_a use_n no_o more_o such_o character_n to_o express_v the_o form_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o only_o some_o certain_a line_n and_o mark_n which_o however_o different_a in_o form_n in_o some_o sort_n obscure_o resemble_v the_o character_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o thing_n for_o a_o clear_a demonstration_n of_o the_o character_n in_o use_n at_o present_a among_o the_o chinese_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v one_o of_o the_o figure_n mark_v with_o the_o letter_n m._n out_o of_o nine_o several_a line_n or_o mark_v the_o chinese_n character_n of_o these_o time_n be_v compose_v so_o that_o by_o add_v or_o omit_v of_o one_o line_n or_o mark_n another_o signification_n proper_o arise_v for_o example_n a_o straight_a line_n as_o by_o the_o figure_n a_o upon_o the_o left_a side_n of_o this_o print_n signify_v one_o or_o the_o first_o with_o a_o line_n draw_v through_o it_o as_o at_z b_o denote_v ten_o and_o with_o a_o line_n underneath_o it_o as_o at_o c_o it_o signify_v earth_n with_o another_o put_v over_o the_o downright_a line_n as_o the_o figure_n d_o it_o speak_v king_n with_o a_o point_n on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o by_o the_o figure_n e_o it_o signify_v a_o pearl_n but_o such_o a_o point_n on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o at_o figure_n f_o signify_v to_o live_v last_o with_o a_o point_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o it_o as_o at_o figure_n g_o it_o signify_v lord_n now_o though_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n use_v several_a character_n in_o their_o language_n yet_o in_o speak_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n in_o they_o all_o their_o word_n sound_v alike_o notwithstanding_o the_o difference_n of_o form_n and_o signification_n in_o write_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v no_o language_n which_o have_v so_o many_o double-meaning_a word_n as_o the_o chinese_n be_v only_o distinguish_v by_o some_o sound_n or_o expression_n in_o use_n among_o themselves_o out_o of_o the_o double_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n there_o arise_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n for_o no_o person_n can_v transcribe_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o that_o language_n which_o be_v read_v unto_o he_o nor_o can_v any_o book_n be_v understand_v by_o hear_v another_o read_v it_o because_o the_o double_a meaning_n and_o various_a sound_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o ear_n and_o be_v only_o to_o be_v know_v by_o the_o sight_n or_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v understand_v so_o that_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o common_a discourse_n that_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o put_v their_o mind_n in_o write_v else_o one_o can_v understand_v the_o other_o what_o he_o mean_v though_o he_o speak_v very_o clear_a and_o plain_a this_o double_a meaning_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n take_v away_o by_o five_o several_a sound_n now_o in_o use_n which_o yet_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v distinguish_v so_o that_o many_o time_n very_o great_a mistake_n happen_v between_o those_o that_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o these_o sound_n from_o the_o very_a cradle_n a_o italian_a tell_v a_o chinese_n that_o in_o europe_n there_o be_v ship_n to_o be_v see_v as_o big_a as_o mountain_n he_o give_v the_o word_n wherewith_o he_o will_v have_v denote_v a_o ship_n the_o same_o sound_n that_o express_v a_o tile_n upon_o the_o house_n the_o chinese_n take_v it_o according_a to_o the_o sound_n seem_v to_o admire_v very_o much_o his_o say_v and_o at_o length_n begin_v to_o laugh_v at_o he_o as_o though_o he_o have_v tell_v they_o incredible_a thing_n ask_v he_o withal_o to_o what_o use_n they_o put_v a_o tile_n of_o such_o bigness_n and_o say_n that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v a_o very_a large_a oven_n that_o can_v bake_v such_o a_o tile_n by_o which_o appear_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v and_o withal_o how_o infinite_o troublesome_a it_o be_v both_o to_o stranger_n and_o native_n to_o learn_v these_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o pronunciation_n or_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o the_o jesuit_n therefore_o who_o be_v send_v to_o propagate_v the_o gospel_n in_o china_n have_v find_v out_o five_o point_n of_o five_o mark_n which_o they_o put_v over_o every_o word_n and_o thereby_o know_v
how_o to_o express_v the_o highness_n or_o lowness_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o mark_n must_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v write_v in_o our_o letter_n and_o mark_v with_o these_o mark_n be_v several_o pronounce_v and_o then_o they_o intend_v several_a thing_n as_o for_o example_n a_o with_o this_o mark_n over_o it_o signify_v god_n and_o with_o this_o mark_n over_o it_o yá_n a_o wall_n and_o yà _fw-la with_o this_o mark_n signify_v dumbness_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o help_n the_o chinese_n language_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v learn_v and_o understand_v as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o double_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o because_o that_o in_o this_o language_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a number_n of_o letter_n but_o every_o business_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n must_v be_v express_v by_o a_o particular_a character_n which_o give_v not_o only_o a_o infinite_a trouble_n to_o those_o that_o will_v learn_v it_o but_o cause_v a_o vast_a expense_n of_o time_n take_v up_o ten_o or_o twenty_o year_n before_o a_o man_n can_v attain_v to_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v and_o write_v this_o mysterious_a language_n wherein_o the_o native_n themselves_z know_v far_o better_a how_o to_o express_v their_o mind_n in_o writing_n than_o by_o speak_v but_o in_o regard_n i_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o character_n and_o write_n of_o the_o chinese_n i_o will_v add_v in_o a_o few_o word_n in_o what_o manner_n they_o place_v they_o and_o herein_o they_o quite_o differ_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o europe_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o nation_n hereof_o peter_n jarcius_fw-la thus_o in_o his_o treasury_n of_o indian_a thing_n the_o chinese_n say_v he_o do_v not_o write_v from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n as_o the_o european_n nor_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a as_o the_o hebrean_o but_o they_o begin_v from_o the_o right_a side_n above_o and_o write_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o they_o put_v the_o one_o character_n under_o the_o other_o and_o not_o one_o after_o another_o as_o we_o in_o europe_n and_o when_o the_o line_n be_v full_a from_o top_n to_o bottom_n than_o they_o begin_v again_o at_o the_o top_n of_o another_o line_n and_o by_o degree_n go_v down_o again_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o indeed_o which_o be_v worth_a observation_n in_o this_o particular_a the_o chinese_n differ_v from_o all_o other_o who_o absolute_o write_v after_o another_o manner_n for_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o know_a world_n but_o four_o several_a way_n of_o write_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o place_v the_o letter_n the_o first_o be_v from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a side_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v write_v the_o book_n of_o the_o hebrean_o chaldean_n syrian_n arabian_n and_o egyptian_n the_o second_o be_v from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_a side_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o greek_a and_o latin_a book_n be_v write_v and_o so_o write_v at_o present_a all_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o write_v be_v in_o the_o greek_a call_v bustrophedon_n which_o signify_v to_o plough_n with_o ox_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v be_v do_v just_a as_o the_o ox_n make_v furrow_n with_o the_o blow_n namely_o to_o begin_v the_o second_o line_n where_o the_o first_o end_v this_o way_n of_o write_v as_o pausanius_n relate_v be_v use_v by_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o so_o as_o be_v report_v be_v write_v the_o law_n of_o solon_n the_o four_o and_o last_o way_n of_o write_v be_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o chineses_n use_n and_o some_o of_o the_o savage_a indian_n but_o although_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v whereby_o each_o thing_n be_v express_v by_o a_o particular_a character_n be_v very_o burdensome_a to_o the_o memory_n yet_o it_o be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o people_n who_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o language_n from_o each_o other_o for_o hereby_o they_o be_v able_a to_o read_v the_o book_n and_o letter_n of_o each_o other_o if_o they_o use_v common_a character_n in_o write_v though_o the_o one_o do_v in_o no_o wise_n understand_v the_o other_o in_o speak_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v that_o those_o of_o japan_n corea_n couchen-china_n use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o book_n though_o they_o differ_v so_o very_a much_o in_o the_o pronunciation_n that_o one_o can_v understand_v a_o word_n the_o other_o say_v yet_o they_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o most_o indifferent_a reader_n no_o otherwise_o skilled_a than_o in_o the_o vulgar_a idiom_n of_o his_o mother-tongue_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o of_o wonder_n that_o although_o the_o several_a native_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n differ_v infinite_o each_o from_o other_o in_o their_o several_a dialect_n so_o that_o their_o vary_v of_o language_n make_v they_o seem_v as_o stranger_n among_o themselves_o their_o tongue_n be_v useless_a member_n to_o their_o intelect_a yet_o in_o their_o book_n one_o general_n character_n be_v use_v so_o that_o the_o same_o be_v equal_o intelligible_a throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a confusion_n of_o language_n in_o the_o several_a province_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v there_o be_v yet_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n another_o common_a tongue_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v quinhoa_n which_o signify_v the_o court_n or_o mandorin_n chinese_n and_o this_o at_o first_o take_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o magistrate_n or_o mandorin_n reside_v in_o the_o respective_a province_n whereto_o they_o be_v send_v with_o a_o superintendent_n authority_n for_o come_v thither_o as_o stranger_n and_o esteem_v it_o below_o their_o greatness_n to_o be_v necessitate_v to_o learn_v any_o other_o tongue_n this_o courtly_a mandorin_n language_n be_v introduce_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n wherein_o not_o only_o all_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o law_n be_v dispatch_v but_o likewise_o all_o person_n of_o rank_n or_o quality_n use_v the_o same_o so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o common_a and_o as_o much_o in_o use_n with_o they_o as_o latin_a in_o europe_n or_o lingua_n franca_n among_o the_o turk_n and_o this_o be_v the_o language_n that_o stranger_n merchant_n and_o other_o learn_v when_o they_o come_v into_o those_o part_n this_o court-speech_n though_o it_o exceed_v all_o the_o other_o for_o number_n of_o letter_n yet_o it_o consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o 362_o word_n so_o that_o the_o shortness_n or_o conciseness_n of_o this_o courtly_a or_o more_o modish_a manner_n of_o speak_v make_v it_o flow_v so_o pleasant_o from_o the_o tongue_n that_o it_o pass_v for_o sweet_a elocution_n almost_o all_o other_o language_n yet_o know_v as_o for_o example_n when_o we_o will_v express_v the_o manner_n of_o take_v a_o thing_n either_o with_o the_o whole_a hand_n or_o with_o one_o or_o two_o finger_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o add_v the_o word_n take_v but_o the_o chinese_n do_v express_v the_o same_o quite_o otherwise_o for_o each_o substantive_n as_o a_o cup_n or_o pot_n signify_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v as_o likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o do_v it_o thus_o nien_z signify_v to_o take_v with_o two_o finger_n tzo_n with_o one_o and_o chua_n with_o the_o whole_a hand_n the_o same_o be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o word_n stand_v we_o say_v to_o stand_v in_o the_o house_n to_o stand_v eat_v to_o stand_v sleep_v but_o they_o have_v a_o word_n which_o denote_v the_o infinitive_n verb_n to_o stand_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o stand_v so_o likewise_o when_o we_o will_v express_v the_o leg_n of_o a_o man_n or_o of_o a_o bird_n we_o always_o add_v the_o same_o word_n leg_n but_o the_o chineses_n express_v it_o all_o in_o one_o for_o kio_n be_v a_o man_n leg_n chua_n a_o bird_n and_o thy_o the_o foot_n of_o any_o creature_n among_o all_o the_o several_a noble_a art_n and_o science_n wherewith_o the_o european_n be_v ennoble_v the_o chineses_n have_v only_o some_o insight_n into_o that_o of_o philosophy_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a thing_n be_v much_o more_o obscure_v among_o they_o by_o several_a interpose_a error_n than_o any_o way_n enlighten_v the_o great_a philosopher_n of_o all_o that_o nation_n be_v one_o confutius_n bear_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o one_o year_n before_o christ_n incarnation_n and_o live_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o above_o seventy_o year_n that_o not_o only_o by_o example_n but_o also_o by_o his_o write_n and_o conversation_n he_o stir_v up_o all_o other_o to_o imitate_v he_o in_o a_o virtuous_a and_o orderly_a course_n of_o life_n whereby_o he_o gain_v so_o great_a a_o esteem_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o believe_v
their_o god_n and_o image_n as_o well_o at_o home_n in_o their_o house_n as_o in_o their_o church_n before_o the_o altar_n moreover_o if_o a_o master_n speak_v to_o his_o servant_n he_o stand_v next_o to_o he_o but_o when_o he_o give_v a_o answer_n he_o fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n they_o use_v likewise_o several_a particular_a form_n and_o method_n both_o in_o write_v and_o speak_v for_o in_o speech_n they_o never_o use_v the_o second_o person_n thou_o neither_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o themselves_o must_v they_o ever_o use_v their_o proper_a name_n unless_o the_o master_n speak_v to_o his_o servant_n or_o a_o superior_a to_o his_o inferior_a in_o their_o discourse_n with_o their_o better_n they_o have_v several_a form_n of_o speech_n by_o which_o together_o with_o their_o submiss_a behaviour_n the_o reverence_n they_o give_v they_o be_v know_v among_o which_o the_o courtly_a and_o polite_a modish_a way_n of_o speak_v be_v never_o to_o mention_v himself_o but_o in_o the_o three_o person_n as_o not_o i_o but_o he_o or_o such_o a_o one_o whereas_o we_o in_o europe_n use_v the_o word_n i_o or_o pronoun_n in_o the_o first_o person_n and_o whatever_o a_o man_n reputation_n may_v otherwise_o be_v yet_o he_o be_v never_o think_v or_o think_v himself_o to_o have_v attain_v the_o pinnacle_n of_o honour_n want_v the_o most_o accurate_a way_n both_o of_o speak_v and_o write_v when_o any_o make_v a_o visit_n the_o party_n visit_v be_v oblige_v in_o convenient_a time_n to_o make_v a_o return_n of_o the_o like_a civility_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la also_o when_o they_o send_v present_n which_o be_v very_o frequent_a they_o write_v they_o down_o in_o a_o book_n with_o the_o name_n of_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v present_v which_o be_v either_o receive_v or_o civil_o send_v back_o with_o a_o compliment_n and_o if_o they_o be_v accept_v he_o enter_v their_o receipt_n likewise_o and_o make_v a_o return_n according_o which_o he_o also_o register_n it_o be_v also_o very_o common_a there_o for_o present_n to_o be_v make_v in_o money_n though_o not_o so_o usual_a with_o we_o in_o europe_n such_o as_o be_v prefer_v to_o any_o place_n in_o the_o magistracy_n or_o have_v attain_v to_o be_v learned_a in_o the_o several_a art_n and_o science_n put_v on_o distinct_a habit_n when_o they_o go_v a_o visit_v each_o according_a to_o his_o place_n and_o degree_n and_o hereby_o he_o be_v know_v although_o it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o his_o daily_a habit._n and_o according_a to_o this_o order_n such_o as_o be_v not_o learned_a nor_o of_o the_o magistracy_n but_o yet_o be_v person_n of_o quality_n put_v on_o a_o distinct_a habit_n when_o they_o make_v visit_n which_o however_o differ_v little_a from_o the_o ordinary_a garb_n be_v satisfactory_a to_o he_o that_o be_v visit_v whereas_o the_o contrary_a be_v ill_o resent_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o jesuit_n in_o those_o part_n in_o point_n of_o prudence_n habit_n themselves_o in_o other_o than_o their_o common_a vestment_n when_o they_o be_v to_o confer_v with_o the_o grandee_n about_o any_o affair_n if_o several_a person_n be_v visit_v in_o one_o house_n the_o chief_a among_o they_o place_n the_o chair_n in_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o room_n wipe_v the_o dust_n off_o with_o his_o hand_n though_o make_v never_o so_o clean_o before_o then_o he_o invite_v his_o friend_n that_o come_v to_o see_v he_o to_o sit_v down_o and_o take_v a_o chair_n seem_v to_o wipe_v off_o the_o dust_n seat_v himself_o the_o visitor_n be_v thus_o place_v present_o after_o come_v one_o of_o the_o household_n servant_n in_o a_o long_a gown_n bear_v in_o his_o hand_n a_o very_a next_o board_n fill_v with_o cup_n of_o cia_n or_o liquor_n make_v of_o bean_n of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n in_o each_o a_o piece_n of_o biscuit_n and_o a_o little_a silver_n spoon_n lie_v by_o as_o a_o nicety_n the_o servant_n present_v to_o each_o his_o cup_n but_o to_o he_o first_o that_o sit_v uppermost_a and_o so_o go_v till_o he_o come_v at_o last_o to_o his_o master_n who_o sit_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o room_n and_o then_o exits_z if_o they_o continue_v any_o time_n together_o the_o servant_z returns_z and_o fill_v the_o cup_n the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o time_n and_o a_o fresh_a piece_n of_o biscuit_n be_v put_v every_o time_n into_o each_o cup._n the_o entertainment_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n end_v they_o take_v leave_v of_o each_o other_o after_o the_o usual_a manner_n with_o bowing_z and_o lift_v up_o of_o hand_n and_o be_v attend_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n to_o the_o door_n there_o again_o they_o bid_v farewell_o for_o the_o last_o time_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o now_o upon_o their_o departure_n the_o master_n be_v very_o importunate_a with_o they_o to_o see_v they_o in_o their_o chair_n or_o on_o horseback_n as_o they_o come_v but_o they_o civil_o excuse_v it_o and_o desire_v he_o to_o return_v into_o his_o house_n hereupon_o he_o go_v back_o to_o the_o threshold_n and_o there_o again_o bow_n and_o lift_v up_o his_o hand_n to_o which_o the_o guest_n make_v a_o suitable_a return_n and_o thus_o they_o part_v without_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o compliment_n or_o ceremony_n it_o may_v be_v as_o they_o be_v ride_v away_o he_o will_v sudden_o come_v again_o to_o the_o door_n and_o perform_v the_o last_o compliment_n in_o use_v the_o word_n cin_n put_v up_o his_o hand_n on_o high_a and_o then_o down_o again_o in_o all_o which_o action_n the_o same_o return_n be_v make_v by_o the_o guest_n who_o notwithstanding_o these_o formality_n of_o courtesy_n make_v no_o stop_v nor_o halt_v by_o the_o way_n last_o of_o all_o he_o send_v his_o servant_n to_o see_v how_o they_o get_v home_o and_o to_o salute_v they_o in_o his_o name_n and_o this_o be_v likewise_o do_v by_o the_o guest_n who_o send_v their_o servant_n to_o return_v he_o thanks_o thus_o far_o we_o have_v treat_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o chineses_n salute_v visit_v and_o send_v present_n to_o each_o other_o now_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o their_o more_o solemn_a entertainment_n wherein_o they_o be_v much_o concern_v for_o they_o dispatch_v most_o of_o their_o business_n and_o transaction_n at_o feast_n and_o toping_n not_o only_o such_o as_o live_v a_o well_o order_v and_o more_o private_a life_n but_o the_o very_a priest_n themselves_o and_o count_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o friendship_n by_o the_o value_n of_o the_o entertainment_n of_o their_o friend_n and_o these_o indeed_o may_v rather_o and_o more_o true_o be_v style_v drink_v meal_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o greek_n than_o eating-meals_n for_o though_o they_o sip_v but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n yet_o they_o sip_v often_o and_o that_o for_o several_a hour_n together_o they_o neither_o use_v spoon_n fork_n nor_o knife_n at_o their_o meat_n but_o round_o stick_v about_o half_a a_o foot_n long_o like_o our_o drumsticks_a wherewith_o they_o be_v very_o dexterous_a to_o take_v up_o meat_n and_o put_v it_o into_o their_o mouth_n without_o once_o touch_v it_o with_o their_o finger_n these_o stick_n be_v make_v of_o ebony_n or_o other_o hard_a wood_n and_o tip_v at_o the_o end_n with_o gold_n or_o silver_n but_o here_o you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o fort_n of_o flesh_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o table_n have_fw-mi cut_v in_o small_a piece_n they_o drink_v their_o liquor_n which_o be_v general_o make_v of_o bean_n zia_n or_o water_n boil_v hot_a in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n wine_n only_o except_v which_o be_v drink_v as_o it_o be_v natural_o and_o they_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o such_o hot_a liquor_n be_v very_o good_a and_o comfortable_a for_o the_o stomach_n be_v very_o great_a cordial_n and_o much_o strengthen_v the_o inward_a part_n and_o to_o these_o mean_v they_o attribute_v their_o long_a life_n and_o health_n be_v very_o brisk_a and_o lively_a at_o seventy_o or_o eighty_o year_n of_o age._n and_o indeed_o by_o this_o mean_v i_o conceive_v the_o chineses_n be_v preserve_v from_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n wherewith_o a_o very_a great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n be_v very_o much_o afflict_v and_o which_o divers_a learned_a man_n have_v believe_v to_o proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_o than_o their_o continual_a drink_n of_o cool_a drink_n when_o any_o person_n be_v invite_v to_o a_o great_a entertainment_n the_o inviter_n send_v to_o his_o guest_n two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o a_o book_n wherein_o be_v contain_v beside_o the_o inviter_n own_o name_n the_o usual_a form_n of_o salutation_n in_o few_o word_n then_o be_v declare_v that_o he_o be_v prepare_v a_o feast_n of_o green_a herb_n and_o have_v rinse_v his_o bowl_n to_o entertain_v they_o at_o such_o a_o time_n
harvest_n in_o one_o year_n but_o if_o sow_v in_o a_o more_o barren_a ground_n it_o will_v require_v long_a time_n before_o it_o come_v to_o bear_v if_o shoot_v downward_o into_o the_o ground_n with_o its_o root_n which_o be_v full_a of_o small_a tough_a string_n the_o outside_n of_o the_o leave_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a but_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o more_o pale_a green_n the_o fruit_n hang_v like_o currant_n only_o the_o branch_n be_v much_o big_a and_o long_o beside_o this_o there_o grow_v in_o india_n a_o sort_n of_o long_a pepper_n call_v by_o the_o indian_n pimpilim_n which_o be_v never_o use_v about_o meat_n but_o only_o in_o medicine_n especial_o in_o treacle_n and_o other_o antidote_n against_o poison_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v not_o without_o great_a reason_n in_o regard_n it_o have_v a_o very_a great_a strength_n which_o single_a quality_n make_v it_o to_o be_v sell_v at_o a_o dear_a rate_n than_o the_o other_o this_o long_a pepper_n grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n at_o bengala_n and_o be_v transport_v from_o thence_o into_o europe_n in_o shape_n except_o the_o fruit_n this_o plant_n be_v like_a unto_o that_o of_o the_o round_a pepper_n only_o it_o either_o creep_v along_o upon_o the_o ground_n or_o run_v up_o against_o low_a pole_n than_o those_o of_o the_o other_o pepper_n the_o leave_v thereof_o be_v more_o tender_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a green_n and_o have_v long_a stalk_n there_o be_v little_a difference_n between_o these_o two_o sort_n that_o be_v the_o fruit_n be_v gather_v when_o it_o be_v green_a and_o dry_v before_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o hot_a upon_o the_o tongue_n when_o it_o be_v first_o dry_v yet_o afterward_o by_o lie_v it_o gather_v as_o great_a strength_n and_o be_v as_o hot_a of_o taste_n as_o the_o round_a pepper_n the_o indian_n use_v this_o in_o salve_n against_o the_o gripe_a of_o the_o gut_n and_o also_o for_o a_o antidote_n against_o poison_n giddiness_n of_o the_o head_n etc._n etc._n here_o grow_v also_o in_o many_o place_n abundance_n of_o coco-nut_n which_o the_o natives_n call_v coquoeiro_n the_o tree_n which_o bear_v they_o seldom_o grow_v straight_o iâ—_n common_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n thick_a and_o above_o fifty_o foot_n high_a with_o the_o rooâ—_n lie_v very_o shallow_a in_o the_o ground_n which_o cause_v great_a admiration_n how_o it_o can_v be_v support_v so_o high_a in_o the_o air_n with_o such_o a_o heavy_a top_n hang_v full_a of_o large_a fruit_n against_o high_a and_o stormy_a gust_n of_o wind_n and_o not_o be_v overturned_a and_o indeed_o this_o be_v the_o more_o admirable_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o loweâ—_n part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v no_o thick_a than_o the_o upper_a the_o bark_n of_o it_o be_v of_o a_o swart_a colour_n and_o of_o little_a use_n though_o sweet_a and_o juycie_a about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n grow_v never_o a_o branch_n but_o on_o the_o very_a top_n of_o it_o stand_v up_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o large_a leave_n like_o a_o plume_n of_o feather_n each_o be_v about_o sixteen_o foot_n long_o and_o a_o foot_n thick_a at_o the_o bottom_n consist_v of_o several_a other_o leave_n which_o stand_v one_o against_o another_o in_o a_o row_n between_o each_o leaf_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v a_o rent_n or_o part_v cleave_v of_o two_o foot_n long_o which_o be_v at_o first_o green_a afterward_o red_a and_o open_v of_o itself_o before_o this_o cleft_n open_v there_o appear_v within_o a_o very_a fine_a stem_n of_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o three_o or_o four_o finger_n thick_a with_o several_a branch_n upon_o it_o upon_o which_o grow_v certain_a three-cornered_a blossom_n as_o big_a as_o almond_n white_a of_o colour_n and_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o flower_n and_o nut_n for_o when_o the_o rent_n break_v open_a than_o the_o branch_n spread_v and_o the_o yellow_a flower_n appear_v after_o the_o flower_n be_v off_o the_o fruit_n succeed_v which_o grow_v each_o upon_o a_o short_a stem_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose-quill_n the_o fruit_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v heavy_a hard_a and_o as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n head_n hang_v in_o cluster_n at_o the_o top_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o these_o nut_n be_v a_o thick_a stringy_a and_o tough_a shell_n which_o if_o gather_v green_a yield_v a_o very_a pleasant_a juice_n good_a be_v drink_v fresh_a against_o the_o dropsy_n when_o the_o nut_n be_v through_o ripe_a and_o dry_a the_o kernel_n prove_v very_o sweet_a of_o taste_n and_o be_v often_o eat_v by_o traveller_n for_o refreshment_n no_o nut_n in_o europe_n be_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o they_o and_o the_o seaman_n that_o go_v long_a voyage_n provide_v themselves_o with_o these_o nut_n which_o they_o eat_v as_o medicinal_a against_o the_o scurvy_a and_o as_o a_o restorative_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v weak_a and_o faint_a it_o be_v warm_a and_o moist_a in_o the_o first_o degree_n and_o of_o the_o kernel_n be_v make_v a_o oil_n not_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o almond_n for_o strength_n and_o virtue_n and_o be_v general_o use_v in_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n both_o in_o meat_n and_o medicine_n take_a inward_o this_o oil_n cure_v the_o rupture_n and_o most_o inward_a wound_n and_o bruise_n of_o the_o stringy_a stuff_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o these_o nut_n they_o make_v rope_n in_o several_a part_n that_o will_v last_v a_o long_a while_n in_o salt_n water_n which_o be_v so_o well_o know_v to_o the_o portuguese_n that_o all_o the_o anchor-cable_n and_o other_o rope_n which_o be_v very_o observable_a use_v about_o their_o king_n ship_n be_v make_v of_o this_o stuff_n a_o certain_a historian_n lucuna_n by_o name_n make_v mention_n in_o one_o of_o his_o book_n that_o in_o some_o place_n in_o india_n they_o weave_v carpet_n of_o this_o hairy_a stuff_n that_o grow_v about_o the_o shell_n of_o the_o cocoanut_n of_o the_o hard_a shell_n be_v make_v drinking-cup_n which_o be_v often_o tip_v with_o gold_n or_o silver_n the_o leave_v serve_v and_o be_v use_v in_o stead_n of_o paper_n nay_o some_o indian_n make_v themselves_o clothes_n of_o the_o same_o which_o will_v last_v many_o year_n before_o they_o go_v to_o decay_v and_o wear_v out_o the_o wood_n itself_o be_v good_a for_o and_o put_v to_o divers_a use_n whereof_o in_o regard_v other_o have_v write_v at_o large_a i_o shall_v omit_v to_o make_v any_o mention_n near_o to_o kingyven_v in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n grow_v a_o tree_n call_v areca_n bring_v thither_o out_o of_o india_n in_o shape_n like_o that_o of_o the_o cocoanut_n but_o not_o so_o thick_a and_o have_v small_a leave_n its_o fruit_n be_v also_o call_v areca_n be_v so_o hard_o that_o it_o can_v be_v part_v or_o divide_v but_o with_o a_o knife_n or_o some_o sharp_a instrument_n of_o fruit_n beside_o the_o fruit_n which_o grow_v in_o several_a part_n of_o europe_n the_o chinese_n territory_n likewise_o produce_v yearly_a a_o rich_a harvest_n of_o several_a other_o sort_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n grow_v a_o sort_n of_o fruit_n which_o by_o the_o chinese_n be_v call_v venku_n by_o the_o portuguese_n jamboa_n and_o by_o the_o hollander_n pompel-moes_a this_o fruit_n grow_v upon_o a_o tree_n beset_v with_o thorn_n like_o the_o lemmon-tree_n but_o exceed_v it_o for_o bigness_n have_v a_o white_a blossom_n well_o scent_v and_o whereof_o they_o make_v a_o sweet_a water_n the_o fruit_n be_v much_o big_a be_v general_o as_o large_a as_o a_o man_n head_n the_o shell_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o gold-apple_n for_o colour_n the_o pap_n within_o be_v red_a and_o sowre-sweet_a and_o taste_v as_o a_o grape_n not_o ripe_a so_o that_o they_o make_v a_o sort_n of_o liquor_n of_o there_o as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o europe_n to_o do_v of_o cherry_n and_o pear_n in_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n grow_v very_o excellent_a apple_n pear_n plum_n wheat_n and_o rye_n as_o also_o fig_n grape_n and_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o thing_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n however_o make_v no_o wine_n be_v better_o please_v with_o their_o liquor_n make_v of_o rice_n which_o indeed_o be_v very_o pleasant_a of_o taste_n and_o prefer_v by_o all_o that_o trade_n there_o yea_o even_o by_o those_o of_o europe_n before_o wine_n in_o xansi_fw-fr grow_v a_o sort_n of_o sweet_a grape_n which_o doubtless_o will_v make_v very_o delicate_a wine_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n dry_v they_o to_o make_v raisin_n of_o they_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o be_v sell_v through_o all_o the_o country_n in_o the_o same_o province_n also_o grow_v very_o large_a chestnut_n but_o in_o that_o of_o suchue_n be_v another_o sort_n that_o will_v melt_v in_o the_o mouth_n like_o sugar_n in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n grow_v all_o sort_n of_o gold-apple_n
of_o his_o dominion_n one_o chuenhious_a nephew_n to_o hoangtius_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o extraordinary_a good_a quality_n be_v substitute_v to_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n in_o the_o year_n 2513_o before_o christ_n birth_n and_o reign_v seventy_o eight_o year_n he_o continue_v the_o virtuous_a course_n of_o his_o ancestor_n both_o in_o religious_a and_o worldly_a concern_v among_o other_o he_o cause_v a_o law_n to_o be_v make_v that_o no_o person_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o offer_v to_o the_o god_n but_o the_o emperor_n only_o so_o great_a a_o esteem_n they_o have_v in_o those_o day_n of_o ecclesiastical_a employment_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v exercise_v by_o any_o but_o the_o great_a prince_n no_o soon_o what_o chuenhious_a dead_a but_o his_o nephew_n cous_fw-la succeed_v he_o be_v as_o his_o predecessor_n very_o eminent_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n he_o be_v choose_v emperor_n two_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o thirty_o five_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n he_o marry_v four_o wife_n which_o be_v very_o rare_a in_o those_o day_n and_o have_v four_o son_n by_o they_o one_o of_o they_o name_v cious_a he_o procure_v by_o perform_v some_o promise_n to_o the_o supreme_a emperor_n of_o heaven_n another_o of_o his_o wife_n bear_v a_o son_n call_v kius_fw-la who_o be_v say_v also_o to_o be_v give_v to_o she_o by_o the_o god_n through_o importunity_n of_o prayer_n have_v be_v always_o barren_a before_o the_o three_o woman_n have_v a_o child_n in_o the_o four_o month_n of_o her_o marriage_n which_o be_v call_v yaus_n have_v first_o see_v in_o her_o sleep_n a_o red_a dragon_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o chinese_n for_o a_o sign_n of_o great_a prosperity_n the_o four_o have_v a_o son_n call_v cheus_n this_o last_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o his_o father_n cous_fw-la before_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v observe_v by_o he_o to_o be_v the_o most_o incline_v to_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n but_o the_o good_a old_a man_n be_v much_o mistake_v for_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o in_o the_o throne_n but_o he_o fall_v into_o all_o manner_n of_o debauchery_n give_v himself_o up_o so_o much_o to_o woman_n and_o drink_v that_o he_o neglect_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o state_n and_o be_v often_o admonish_v by_o the_o magistrate_n to_o take_v better_a care_n of_o his_o government_n but_o continue_v still_o in_o his_o lewdness_n the_o subject_n who_o have_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n govern_v by_o just_a and_o virtuous_a prince_n judge_v that_o he_o be_v unworthy_a to_o reign_v any_o long_o so_o that_o they_o depose_v he_o in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o set_v up_o his_o brother_n yaus_n in_o his_o place_n this_o yaus_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v in_o the_o year_n 2357_o before_o christ_n birth_n and_o govern_v ninety_o year_n be_v renown_v in_o all_o the_o chinese_n history_n for_o a_o most_o virtuous_a prince_n and_o certain_o if_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o action_n and_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o most_o exemplary_a life_n he_o may_v for_o honourable_a achievement_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o best_a of_o prince_n that_o ever_o sway_v that_o sceptre_n a_o certain_a book_n call_v xu_o publish_v in_o his_o reign_n mention_n in_o short_a his_o fame_n in_o these_o word_n the_o noble_a and_o heroic_a action_n of_o yaus_n have_v fill_v the_o whole_a world_n with_o admiration_n such_o be_v his_o extraordinary_a diligence_n that_o he_o be_v esteem_v by_o all_o man_n for_o his_o worth_n understanding_n civility_n and_o quickness_n of_o apprehension_n according_a to_o the_o grandeur_n of_o his_o merit_n and_o such_o his_o good_a fortune_n that_o whatsoever_o he_o undertake_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o he_o the_o chinese_n history_n tell_v we_o that_o during_o his_o government_n the_o sun_n do_v not_o set_v for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o day_n and_o great_a fear_n possess_v the_o people_n that_o the_o world_n will_v have_v be_v destroy_v by_o a_o general_a conflagration_n in_o regard_n there_o have_v happen_v several_a great_a fire_n at_o that_o time_n they_o likewise_o report_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n several_a strange_a monster_n as_o snake_n and_o dragon_n creep_v out_o from_o under_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o this_o yaus_n in_o these_o dismal_a time_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o those_o dreadful_a accident_n carry_v himself_o with_o so_o much_o piety_n and_o care_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o every_o body_n as_o the_o redeemer_n and_o deliverer_n of_o his_o country_n to_o descent_n to_o particular_n concern_v this_o emperor_n he_o be_v very_o much_o addict_v to_o astrology_n be_v instruct_v therein_o by_o the_o two_o famous_a man_n hâ—us_n and_o house_n person_n more_o than_o ordinary_o expert_a in_o that_o science_n but_o he_o be_v not_o alone_o eminent_a for_o knowledge_n and_o industry_n for_o his_o wife_n the_o empress_n teach_v other_o woman_n how_o to_o breed_v and_o raise_v silkworm_n and_o the_o art_n of_o prepare_v and_o weave_v of_o silk_n when_o he_o have_v thâ—s_o civilise_v the_o people_n by_o his_o own_o and_o wife_n instruction_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o manufacture_n he_o forthwith_o new_o model_v the_o government_n and_o introduce_v the_o six_o judicature_n or_o bench_n of_o justice_n to_o wit_n sipu_n hopu_n limpu_n pimpu_n cumpu_n and_o humpu_n when_o he_o have_v thus_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o state_n in_o order_n he_o depose_v himself_o and_o transfer_v the_o government_n in_o his_o life-time_n upon_o another_o in_o which_o more_o than_o ordinary_a action_n he_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a than_o to_o the_o welfare_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o own_o child_n and_o relation_n all_o who_o he_o voluntary_o pass_v by_o although_o no_o way_n inferior_a to_o he_o in_o knowledge_n and_o uprightness_n of_o life_n and_o surrender_v the_o empire_n to_o a_o stranger_n in_o blood_n not_o for_o respect_n of_o his_o princely_a alliance_n but_o only_o the_o eminency_n of_o his_o virtue_n and_o integrity_n and_o as_o a_o singular_a testimony_n of_o this_o his_o zeal_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o country_n i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o this_o one_o example_n namely_o discourse_v once_o with_o one_o fangius_fw-la a_o eminent_a and_o learned_a person_n of_o his_o council_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o very_a great_a suspense_n who_o he_o shall_v choose_v to_o be_v his_o successor_n the_o counsellor_n make_v he_o this_o answer_n there_o be_v one_o of_o your_o own_o princely_a family_n your_o elder_a son_n chus_n and_o rightful_a heir_n upon_o who_o you_o may_v settle_v your_o empire_n the_o goodness_n of_o who_o nature_n extraordinary_a prudence_n quickness_n of_o wit_n tread_v in_o your_o royal_a step_n and_o imitate_v your_o laudable_a exemplar_n merit_v no_o less_o and_o if_o your_o servant_n counsel_v be_v acceptable_a to_o your_o ear_n i_o shall_v advise_v you_o to_o settle_v in_o the_o government_n this_o your_o elder_a son_n and_o no_o other_o but_o yaus_n interrupt_v his_o discourse_n say_v you_o know_v fangius_fw-la that_o i_o take_v as_o much_o distaste_n at_o the_o commend_v of_o bad_a as_o i_o do_v at_o the_o discommend_v of_o good_a people_n my_o son_n be_v unready_a of_o speech_n and_o slow_a of_o tongue_n his_o word_n and_o his_o deed_n not_o agree_v true_a it_o be_v he_o know_v in_o outward_a gesture_n how_o to_o behave_v himself_o as_o a_o wise_a man_n but_o inward_o he_o be_v nothing_o not_o long_o after_o be_v about_o the_o seventi_v year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o send_v for_o one_o sungous_n one_o of_o his_o great_a favourite_n and_o counsellor_n to_o who_o he_o speak_v in_o this_o manner_n i_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o crown_n too_o heavy_a for_o my_o age_a head_n and_o therefore_o intend_v to_o surrender_v up_o my_o empire_n to_o you_o have_v in_o all_o my_o time_n observe_v none_o so_o fit_a for_o it_o either_o for_o virtue_n or_o wisdom_n but_o sungous_n unacquainted_a with_o ambitious_a thought_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o it_o modest_o protest_v his_o insufficiency_n for_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o not_o furnish_v with_o those_o quality_n wherewith_o a_o emperor_n ought_v to_o be_v provide_v and_o so_o neither_o worthy_a of_o that_o honour_n nor_o able_a to_o undergo_v the_o burden_n when_o yaus_n see_v he_o persist_v immovable_o in_o his_o resolution_n not_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o government_n he_o demand_v of_o he_o who_o he_o judge_v worthy_a of_o the_o same_o to_o who_o sungous_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o emperor_n council_n make_v this_o answer_n since_o you_o be_v please_v to_o inquire_v of_o i_o o_o king_n who_o i_o judge_v worthy_a to_o be_v a_o
christian_a religion_n the_o se_n â—ooks_n be_v common_o expose_v to_o the_o sight_n of_o stranger_n in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o roman_a college_n with_o the_o authentic_a draught_n of_o the_o monument_n itself_o send_v from_o china_n and_o last_o approve_v by_o the_o whole_a christian_a world_n so_o that_o it_o be_v of_o little_a concernment_n what_o a_o obscure_a bragadocio_n bark_v forth_o in_o the_o utmost_a quarter_n of_o the_o world_n who_o if_o he_o have_v abstain_v from_o calumny_n and_o scoff_v and_o have_v prudent_o propose_v the_o matter_n with_o some_o scrupulosity_n peradventure_o may_v better_a have_v save_v his_o own_o reputation_n and_o the_o credit_n of_o his_o work_n but_o so_o it_o happen_v by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n that_o those_o who_o endeavour_n to_o traduce_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n by_o cavil_n and_o scoff_v both_o contrary_a to_o conscience_n and_o charity_n for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o length_n suffer_v shipwreck_n of_o their_o own_o fame_n and_o labour_n move_v therefore_o by_o these_o reason_n lest_o a_o monument_n of_o so_o great_a concern_v deprive_v of_o its_o credit_n shall_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v cast_v away_o i_o shall_v labour_v so_o by_o the_o divine_a assistance_n to_o establish_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o monument_n in_o this_o undertake_a work_n be_v my_o contexture_n from_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o matter_n confirm_v not_o only_o by_o the_o great_a attestation_n of_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n which_o have_v see_v it_o with_o their_o own_o eye_n but_o also_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o that_o from_o henceforth_o there_o may_v no_o place_n of_o doubt_v be_v leave_v and_o the_o heterodox_n themselves_o may_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v the_o interpretation_n of_o this_o syro-chinesian_a inscription_n be_v consider_v that_o no_o other_o doctrine_n be_v teach_v above_o a_o thousand_o year_n pass_v by_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n which_o be_v not_o altogether_o consonant_a and_o conformable_a yea_o the_o very_a same_o with_o the_o orthodox_n doctrine_n now_o profess_v and_o therefore_o the_o gospel_n preach_v former_o in_o china_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o the_o universal_a catholic_n roman_n church_n enjoin_v to_o be_v believe_v at_o this_o day_n as_o i_o shall_v afterward_o prove_v by_o manifold_a strength_n of_o argument_n now_o that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v treat_v of_o in_o a_o requisite_a order_n and_o method_n monument_n i_o think_v good_a first_o of_o all_o to_o annex_v a_o twofold_n perfect_a and_o sincere_a interpretation_n of_o this_o stone_n expound_v by_o the_o chinesian_a learned_a man_n themselves_o from_o a_o book_n print_v in_o chinesian_a character_n and_o express_v verbatim_o in_o the_o genuine_a pronunciation_n of_o the_o chinesian_a word_n by_o father_n michael_n boim_n a_o person_n excellent_o skill_a in_o the_o chinese_n language_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v anon_o from_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n i_o have_v also_o adjoin_v another_o exposition_n with_o the_o scholiast_n avoid_v the_o chinese_n phrase_n not_o so_o accustom_a to_o our_o ear_n and_o that_o for_o the_o more_o suitable_a apprehend_n of_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o table_n and_o this_o i_o do_v the_o rather_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o omit_v any_o thing_n by_o which_o the_o monument_n may_v receive_v the_o great_a illustration_n and_o by_o reason_n some_o may_v just_o question_v how_o those_o syrian-chaldeans_a the_o great_a propagator_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n can_v penetrate_v into_o those_o utmost_a quarter_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o appear_v not_o only_o congruous_a but_o also_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o matter_n to_o administer_v aid_n to_o the_o perplex_a reader_n in_o this_o obscure_a labyrinth_n of_o various_a travel_n by_o the_o flame_a pharos_n of_o this_o work_n that_o be_v to_o direct_v he_o by_o geographical_a demonstration_n from_o which_o if_o i_o do_v not_o deceive_v myself_o china_n the_o reader_n shall_v clear_o understand_v that_o not_o only_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n but_o also_o the_o superstition_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o fable_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n derive_v their_o original_a from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o region_n that_o be_v from_o egypt_n graecia_n syria_n and_o chaldea_n now_o where_o the_o vast_a empire_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v into_o which_o the_o monument_n show_v the_o gospel_n to_o have_v have_v a_o entrance_n i_o shall_v rather_o hint_n at_o in_o a_o few_o word_n than_o endeavour_n to_o describe_v concern_v which_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o inquisitive_a reader_n desire_v far_a satisfaction_n i_o shall_v remit_v he_o to_o have_v recourse_n unto_o the_o history_n of_o father_n nicholas_n trigautius_n and_o john_n samedius_fw-la as_o also_o to_o the_o atlas_n sinicus_n of_o martin_n martinius_n and_o many_o other_o where_o he_o shall_v find_v full_o describe_v whatsoever_o relate_v unto_o the_o situation_n of_o china_n and_o its_o wonder_n the_o nature_n property_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o region_n the_o multitude_n of_o its_o great_a and_o vast_a city_n and_o their_o inhabitant_n and_o last_o the_o politic_a and_o civil_a government_n in_o which_o regard_n this_o empire_n seem_v not_o to_o give_v place_n to_o any_o monarchy_n in_o the_o world_n my_o business_n be_v only_o to_o explain_v those_o thing_n which_o as_o they_o be_v controvert_v so_o likedo_fw-la wonderful_o render_v the_o reader_n doubtful_a and_o perplex_v about_o the_o equivocation_n of_o the_o term_n and_o also_o to_o allege_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o curious_a reader_n the_o more_o rare_a curiosity_n and_o secret_n of_o thing_n observe_v to_o be_v treasure_v up_o in_o this_o nation_n and_o other_o adjacent_a not_o observe_v hitherto_o by_o any_o former_a author_n with_o the_o prodigy_n both_o of_o nature_n and_o art_n each_o be_v record_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n china_n china_n the_o large_a and_o vast_a of_o kingdom_n as_o it_o be_v confine_v unto_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o asia_n by_o the_o creator_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n so_o also_o do_v it_o remain_v altogether_o unknown_a unto_o the_o ancient_n even_o unto_o the_o year_n 1220._o when_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n first_o discover_v it_o unto_o we_o under_o the_o name_n of_o catay_n as_o afterward_o shall_v be_v make_v manifest_a on_o the_o east_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o the_o eastern_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n it_o have_v tartary_n adjoin_v separate_v by_o a_o wall_n who_o yet_o undiscovered_a bound_n be_v extend_v even_o unto_o the_o freeze_a sea_n and_o questionless_a they_o be_v in_o some_o part_n or_o other_o continue_v to_o the_o north_n part_n of_o america_n with_o anian_a whether_o it_o be_v a_o sraight_a or_o isthmos_n although_o unto_o this_o very_a time_n as_o with_o great_a pain_n it_o be_v search_v after_o by_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n employ_v in_o china_n the_o limit_n of_o these_o vast_a kingdom_n and_o land_n have_v as_o yet_o be_v detect_v by_o no_o person_n on_o the_o west_n it_o be_v encompass_v partly_o with_o ridge_n of_o most_o high_a mountain_n partly_o a_o sandy_a desert_n and_o other_o kingdom_n which_o we_o shall_v discourse_v of_o anon_o last_o on_o the_o south_n it_o be_v limit_v with_o the_o sea_n the_o kingdom_n of_o touchinum_fw-la cochinchina_fw-la laum_n and_o other_o the_o latitude_n begin_v from_o 18_o degree_n and_o extend_v itself_o unto_o 43._o that_o be_v it_o be_v distend_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o a_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o italian_a mile_n from_o south_n to_o north_n and_o from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n it_o almost_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o distance_n whence_o the_o chineses_n do_v express_v it_o in_o their_o map_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o quadrate_n although_o by_o our_o geographer_n that_o be_v better_a skill_a in_o the_o mathematics_n name_n it_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_n now_o in_o reference_n unto_o the_o confusion_n of_o the_o name_n of_o it_o it_o be_v as_o great_a as_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o adjoin_a nation_n be_v the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o portuguese_n call_v it_o china_n the_o ancient_n as_o it_o â—s_v to_o be_v see_v in_o ptolemy_n sin_n and_o serica_n the_o arabian_n sin_n and_o the_o saracen_n catay_n all_o which_o appellation_n be_v so_o far_o i_o may_v say_v from_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o that_o the_o name_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v as_o it_o be_v hence_o apparent_a for_o it_o be_v a_o immemorial_n custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n devolve_v from_o one_o family_n to_o another_o according_a to_o the_o mutability_n of_o humane_a affair_n so_o also_o be_v the_o kingdom_n dignify_v with_o a_o new_a name_n by_o he_o that_o assume_v the_o regality_n which_o he_o
that_o be_v india_n or_o syria_n in_o xensi_fw-la a_o northern_a kingdom_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o tamburlaine_n then_o reign_v anno_fw-la 639._o as_o the_o monument_n that_o be_v find_v avouch_v where_o relate_v the_o preacher_n of_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n at_o that_o time_n among_o the_o chinese_n it_o mention_v not_o st._n thomas_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n which_o yet_o if_o ensculp_v will_v have_v be_v of_o considerable_a moment_n unto_o their_o purpose_n who_o erect_v the_o stone_n viz._n that_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o faith_n then_o again_o preach_v the_o same_o law_n that_o st._n thomas_n or_o some_o other_o apostle_n have_v before_o preach_v among_o the_o chinese_n moreover_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o those_o preacher_n of_o tacyu_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o st._n thomas_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n preach_v the_o law_n of_o christ_n unto_o the_o chineses_n and_o a_o conjecture_n may_v be_v make_v that_o peradventure_o neither_o st._n thomas_n nor_o any_o other_o apostle_n introduce_v the_o gospel_n among_o they_o and_o that_o i_o may_v speak_v most_o moderate_o nothing_o can_v be_v certain_o deduce_v or_o draw_v concern_v this_o matter_n from_o the_o footstep_n here_o find_v and_o the_o passage_n before_o allege_v be_v only_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o those_o priest_n be_v send_v from_o the_o church_n of_o st._n thomas_n or_o babylon_n which_o then_o govern_v the_o malabran_n church_n de_fw-fr serra_fw-la belong_v unto_o the_o christian_n of_o st._n thomas_n as_o the_o portuguese_n afterward_o find_v to_o erect_v a_o episcopal_a seat_n and_o to_o introduce_v the_o faith_n among_o the_o people_n of_o china_n see_v this_o be_v testify_v by_o the_o ancient_a syrian_a language_n call_v estrangelo_n which_o be_v now_o retain_v in_o that_o church_n and_o be_v in_o former_a time_n in_o use_n in_o babylon_n and_o syria_n and_o as_o for_o the_o oration_n compose_v in_o praise_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n from_o they_o we_o may_v only_o conjecture_v that_o by_o the_o merit_n of_o st._n thomas_n and_o his_o church_n the_o priest_n perchance_o introduce_v first_o of_o all_o the_o faith_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v from_o st._n thomas_n among_o the_o chinese_n and_o therefore_o deserve_o their_o conversion_n ought_v to_o be_v attribute_v unto_o st._n thomas_n wherefore_o see_v there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o st._n thomas_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o path_n of_o the_o faith_n preach_v hitherto_o discover_v we_o can_v positive_o assert_v that_o st._n thomas_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n preach_v the_o gospel_n unto_o the_o chineses_n but_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o many_o age_n after_o the_o christian_n of_o prester-iohn_n country_n who_o emperor_n paulus_n venetus_n call_v usan_n can_n who_o be_v term_v the_o worshipper_n of_o the_o cross_n be_v those_o that_o enter_v into_o china_n either_o with_o the_o tartar_n or_o a_o little_a before_o for_o those_o from_o india_n or_o rather_o from_o the_o syrian_a chaldea_n or_o those_o of_o malabar_n as_o they_o be_v far_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tartar-christians_a so_o will_v they_o have_v call_v their_o disciple_n that_o be_v follower_n of_o a_o more_o clear_a doctrine_n kin_n kiao_n but_o i_o believe_v those_o preacher_n come_v not_o out_o of_o india_n for_o the_o syrian_a language_n and_o name_n testify_v they_o to_o be_v syrian_n and_o they_o term_v themselves_o jew_n or_o of_o india_n by_o reason_n they_o preach_v that_o law_n or_o doctrine_n which_o have_v its_o original_a from_o india_n but_o from_o what_o place_n those_o syrian_a priest_n come_v as_o also_o their_o syrian_a subscription_n these_o i_o say_v we_o leave_v to_o the_o industrious_a disquisition_n of_o the_o reverend_a father_n athanasius_n kircher_n a_o person_n high_o merit_v of_o all_o antiquity_n which_o that_o he_o may_v accomplish_v with_o the_o great_a fidelity_n and_o solidity_n we_o have_v present_v he_o the_o same_o write_n transcribe_v in_o the_o chinese_n out_o of_o the_o book_n by_o the_o sole_a pain_n and_o industry_n of_o don_n chin_n andreas_n a_o noble_a chinesian_a youth_n the_o inseparable_a companion_n of_o my_o voyage_n to_o rome_n to_o the_o apostolic_a see_n which_o book_n be_v imprint_v and_o divulge_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n by_o the_o chinese_n doctor_n man_n of_o great_a fidelity_n and_o authority_n with_o my_o latin_a translation_n render_v word_n for_o word_n and_o i_o have_v lay_v up_o the_o book_n that_o be_v altogether_o consonant_a to_o the_o original_a monument_n in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o same_o father_n together_o with_o a_o attestation_n of_o the_o fact_n by_o the_o subscription_n of_o my_o own_o hand_n and_o the_o hand_n of_o those_o that_o be_v native_n of_o china_n eye-witness_n of_o the_o monument_n as_o also_o the_o transcriber_n of_o this_o table_n from_o the_o original_a rome_n novemb_n 4._o anno_fw-la 1653._o father_n michael_n boim_n andrea_n don_n chin_n a_o 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chaldee_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o eloba_n make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o form_n of_o a_o cross_n gather_v together_o the_o chaos_n he_o form_v two_o kiss_n that_o be_v two_o virtue_n or_o quality_n call_v inyam_n the_o commentator_n name_v they_o two_o principle_n change_v the_o abyss_n that_o be_v he_o take_v away_o the_o darkness_n and_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n appear_v he_o form_v the_o sun_n and_o moon_n that_o by_o their_o continual_a motion_n they_o shall_v distinguish_v the_o night_n and_o day_n he_o set_v together_o and_o build_v all_o thing_n but_o when_o he_o create_v the_o first_o man_n beside_o his_o be_v he_o endow_v he_o with_o original_a righteousness_n appoint_v he_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n which_o at_o first_o of_o his_o own_o nature_n be_v empty_a and_o vile_a fill_v with_o himself_o of_o a_o plain_a and_o equal_a understanding_n and_o have_v no_o mixture_n of_o any_o inordinate_a appetite_n 2._o but_o afterward_o by_o 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the_o chinese_n and_o most_o geographer_n confound_v this_o kingdom_n with_o cathay_n in_o which_o be_v many_o city_n and_o tent_n where_o also_o that_o great_a emperor_n term_v presbyter_n john_n so_o famous_a throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v wont_a to_o reside_v but_o now_o that_o province_n be_v tributary_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n have_v a_o king_n of_o the_o progeny_n of_o presbyter_n john_n and_o although_o there_o be_v many_o idolater_n and_o mahometan_n yet_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o these_o christian_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o this_o province_n especial_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a nation_n in_o the_o province_n call_v argon_fw-la which_o be_v more_o subtle_a and_o eloquent_a than_o the_o other_o people_n here_o be_v also_o the_o region_n of_o gog_n and_o magog_n which_o they_o term_v lugier_n and_o mongug_v in_o these_o place_n be_v find_v the_o stone_n lazuli_n that_o make_v the_o best_a azure_a in_o these_o 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that_o activity_n as_o in_o low_a place_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o say_v this_o region_n be_v call_v belor_n always_o have_v the_o face_n of_o winter_n stamp_v on_o it_o thus_o far_o marcus_n paulus_n all_o which_o agree_v unto_o that_o mountain_n which_o they_o call_v langur_n the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lasa_n concern_v which_o father_n john_n gruberus_n who_o travel_v through_o it_o on_o foot_n relate_v that_o you_o can_v travel_v through_o it_o in_o summer_n without_o danger_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a subtlety_n of_o the_o air_n which_o hardly_o admit_v a_o passenger_n to_o breathe_v and_o also_o because_o of_o the_o vapour_n of_o a_o certain_a poisonous_a herb_n which_o by_o its_o scent_n kill_v both_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o about_o this_o kingdom_n of_o belor_n viz._n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o sacae_n the_o arabian_a geographer_n place_v the_o principal_a kingdom_n of_o presbyter_n john_n in_o cathay_n as_o the_o tractate_n write_v by_o rabbi_n abraham_n pizol_n do_v also_o clear_o demonstrate_v the_o nubian_n or_o arabic_a geographer_n call_v it_o begarge_a in_o which_o he_o say_v there_o be_v situate_a a_o very_a great_a city_n his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o begarger_n the_o great_a city_n of_o which_o be_v call_v centaba_n fortify_v with_o twelve_o iron_n gate_n rabbi_n pizol_n with_o paulus_n venetus_n call_v it_o belor_n in_o which_o he_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o thebeth_n be_v late_o discover_v his_o word_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o kingdom_n of_o belor_n be_v very_o great_a and_o mighty_a according_a unto_o all_o historian_n that_o have_v write_v of_o it_o there_o be_v many_o jew_n inhabit_v in_o it_o principal_o in_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a quarter_n and_o there_o be_v moreover_o other_o eastern_a people_n not_o long_o since_o discover_v call_v by_o the_o native_n thebeth_n have_v a_o most_o splendid_a and_o magnificent_a city_n exceed_v all_o other_o in_o magnitude_n there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a under_o the_o canopy_n of_o heaven_n in_o which_o all_o good_a thing_n be_v find_v which_o indeed_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o city_n chaparangue_n situate_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o thebeth_n concern_v the_o monument_n of_o which_o in_o relation_n unto_o our_o religion_n there_o leave_v by_o the_o christian_n father_n anthony_n andradas_n a_o portugese_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n relate_v wonder_n who_o when_o he_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v profess_v christian_n he_o take_v a_o voyage_n into_o the_o same_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mogor_n anno_fw-la 1624._o full_a of_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n in_o which_o also_o have_v discover_v the_o fountain_n or_o head_n of_o ganges_n and_o indus_n he_o observe_v many_o thing_n most_o worthy_a of_o consideration_n and_o admiration_n as_o i_o have_v it_o confirm_v by_o joseph_n a_o christian_a of_o the_o mogor_n country_n who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o my_o writing_n with_o father_n henry_n roth_n moderator_n of_o the_o new_a convert_v christian_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mogor_n be_v yet_o at_o rome_n strong_a and_o lusty_a although_o eighty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n who_o relate_v unto_o i_o every_o particular_a there_o be_v in_o the_o most_o high_a mountain_n of_o thebeth_n that_o be_v perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n a_o great_a lake_n the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o great_a river_n of_o india_n from_o which_o indus_n ganges_n ravi_n athec_n derive_v their_o current_n hence_o the_o river_n ganges_n have_v its_o original_n fall_v down_o from_o the_o most_o high_a rock_n into_o a_o low_a valley_n indus_n and_o the_o other_o river_n make_v their_o outlet_n through_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o map_n now_o he_o affirm_v this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v one_o of_o those_o of_o great_a cathay_n that_o be_v contain_v both_o without_o and_o within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chinese_n although_o the_o relation_n be_v not_o in_o every_o respect_n conformable_a unto_o that_o perform_v by_o benedict_n go_v of_o our_o society_n which_o he_o undertake_v by_o order_n of_o his_o superior_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o and_o in_o these_o vast_a region_n of_o cathay_n i_o find_v by_o the_o relation_n of_o paulus_n venetus_n that_o most_o potent_a emperor_n presbyter_n john_n to_o have_v have_v subject_a unto_o his_o dominion_n seventy_o two_o king_n partly_o christian_n and_o partly_o heathen_n although_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o vast_a region_n and_o the_o name_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a revolution_n of_o those_o nation_n the_o tumult_n of_o war_n and_o the_o other_o change_n of_o affair_n together_o with_o the_o different_a denomination_n have_v cause_v such_o and_o so_o great_a a_o confusion_n that_o to_o this_o very_a day_n no_o person_n have_v be_v able_a to_o free_v himself_o out_o of_o this_o intricate_a labyrinth_n for_o some_o make_v he_o the_o same_o with_o the_o great_a cham_n other_o call_v he_o ascid_n by_o original_a a_o persian_a so_o almachin_n in_o the_o three_o book_n and_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o history_n of_o the_o saracen_n every_o king_n say_v he_o of_o pharanga_n so_o they_o call_v the_o city_n of_o sogdiana_n be_v call_v ascid_n as_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v call_v caesar_n and_o the_o king_n of_o the_o persian_n cosrai_n and_o there_o be_v some_o that_o rather_o by_o a_o new_a name_n with_o the_o ethiopian_n more_o true_o than_o by_o the_o old_a term_v he_o juchanes_n belul_n that_o be_v to_o say_v precious_a john_n other_o by_o no_o improbable_a conjecture_n do_v assert_v that_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o prophet_n jonah_n who_o be_v high_o respect_v among_o they_o all_o that_o govern_v the_o empire_n be_v so_o denominate_v but_o yet_o in_o these_o western_a part_n of_o the_o latin_a
learn_v from_o a_o astrologer_n that_o in_o time_n it_o will_v become_v rebellious_a unto_o his_o empire_n this_o city_n be_v build_v foursquare_a comprehend_v in_o circuit_n twenty_o four_o mile_n the_o side_n of_o every_o square_a or_o quadrate_n contain_v six_o mile_n it_o have_v wall_n white_v over_o which_o be_v twenty_o pace_n high_a ten_o in_o breadth_n but_o in_o thickness_n become_v narrow_a as_o they_o ascend_v every_o quadrature_n of_o these_o wall_n have_v three_o principal_a gate_n there_o be_v twelve_o in_o all_o which_o have_v each_o a_o magnificent_a palace_n build_v near_o unto_o they_o in_o the_o corner_n also_o of_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v noble_a tower_n where_o the_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o city_n be_v store_v and_o keep_v there_o be_v street_n and_o passage_n straight_o through_o the_o city_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o free_a prospect_n from_o one_o gate_n unto_o another_o most_o beautiful_a house_n be_v erect_v on_o either_o side_n a_o little_a far_o he_o say_v that_o without_o the_o city_n of_o cambalu_n there_o be_v twelve_o great_a suburb_n adjoin_v unto_o each_o of_o the_o twelve_o gate_n in_o which_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n be_v continual_o find_v all_o which_o be_v so_o agreeable_a unto_o the_o princely_a city_n of_o pequin_n that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o difference_n as_o martinius_n relate_v in_o page_n 29._o of_o his_o atlas_n also_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n tadinfu_n cacanfu_n quelinfu_n cingianfu_n sianfu_n which_o also_o be_v now_o call_v siganfu_n situate_v not_o far_o from_o the_o saffron_n river_n which_o be_v take_v by_o the_o great_a cham_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n by_o the_o help_n of_o batter_a engine_n as_o yet_o unknown_a in_o china_n which_o he_o cause_v christian_a arrizan_n to_o make_v this_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1268._o as_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n who_o with_o his_o father_n nicolas_n and_o his_o uncle_n that_o then_o be_v resident_a with_o the_o emperor_n relate_v see_v marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 58._o for_o furio_n in_o the_o chinesian_a language_n signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o great_a city_n and_o also_o ceu_fw-la add_v unto_o other_o word_n or_o name_n denote_v a_o small_a or_o indifferent_a city_n which_o word_n be_v proper_a and_o know_v unto_o no_o other_o region_n but_o only_o that_o of_o china_n yet_o nothing_o so_o clear_o demonstrate_v china_n to_o be_v take_v for_o cathay_n as_o the_o astronomical_a botanical_a monument_n of_o the_o persian_n which_o the_o learned_a jacobus_n golius_n in_o his_o appendix_n adjoin_v unto_o the_o atlas_n sinicus_n have_v make_v apparent_a unto_o we_o from_o the_o astronomical_a table_n of_o nasirodim_n a_o persian_a mathematician_n famous_a throughout_o the_o whole_a east_n where_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v the_o cathaian_a name_n of_o the_o twelve_o hour_n into_o which_o the_o natural_a day_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o chinese_n or_o cathaians_n so_o 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of_o cingis-can_a and_o the_o other_o succeed_v potent_a emperor_n they_o i_o say_v i_o find_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o overrun_v of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n by_o their_o historian_n the_o chinesian-mogulos_a but_o what_o he_o write_v concern_v quinsai_n a_o city_n of_o a_o wonderful_a and_o almost_o incredible_a magnitude_n be_v all_o find_v to_o be_v true_a at_o this_o day_n concern_v the_o metropolitan_a city_n hancheu_o of_o which_o father_n martinius_n the_o author_n of_o the_o excellent_a atlas_n sinicus_n thus_o discourse_v folio_n 109._o quâ—nsai_n that_o the_o european_a cosmographer_n may_v no_o long_o err_v in_o make_v enquiry_n after_o and_o ridiculous_o delineat_v of_o quinsai_n mention_v by_o marcus_n paulus_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v the_o very_a exact_a portaicture_n of_o the_o same_o the_o shadow_n of_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v unto_o the_o author_n of_o the_o archontologia_fw-la cosmica_fw-la and_o if_o the_o divine_a majesty_n be_v propitious_a unto_o my_o design_n i_o shall_v peradventure_o in_o time_n send_v over_o the_o theatre_n of_o the_o city_n of_o china_n print_v by_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o not_o know_v or_o see_v as_o i_o suppose_v hitherto_o in_o europe_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o prove_v first_o by_o most_o invincible_a argument_n that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o city_n of_o quinsai_n mention_v by_o paulus_n venetus_n for_o this_o be_v that_o city_n which_o be_v distant_a the_o space_n of_o five_o day_n travel_v from_o singui_n that_o be_v sum_z chou_n which_o hold_v good_a if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o progress_n or_o march_n of_o the_o army_n in_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v scarce_o four_o day_n journey_n this_o be_v that_o city_n in_o which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v the_o court_n or_o imperial_a city_n of_o china_n which_o the_o chineses_n in_o the_o elegant_a tongue_n of_o their_o learned_a man_n term_n kingsu_n 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in_o the_o same_o city_n the_o family_n of_o sunga_n hold_v the_o empire_n until_o the_o western_a tartar_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi erect_v the_o kin_n tartar_n or_o those_o of_o the_o east_n out_o of_o cathay_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n and_o so_o then_o they_o become_v vanquish_v and_o a_o little_a after_o they_o advance_v their_o victorious_a army_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mangin_n have_v begin_v a_o seizure_n of_o those_o southern_a province_n but_o to_o come_v more_o near_o to_o the_o business_n this_o be_v that_o city_n which_o have_v such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o high_a bridge_n both_o within_o its_o wall_n and_o without_o in_o its_o suburb_n for_o there_o be_v almost_o ten_o thousand_o as_o venetus_n reckon_v they_o if_o you_o account_v the_o triumphal_a arch_n among_o the_o bridge_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o similitude_n he_o may_v esteem_v for_o such_o by_o the_o
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into_o 10_o digit_n where_o of_o 9_o be_v equivalent_a to_o our_o geometrical_a foot_n some_z special_a remark_n take_v out_o of_o athanasius_n kircher_n antiquity_n of_o china_n part_n vi_o of_o the_o hieroglyphical_a character_n of_o the_o chinese_n there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbarous_a but_o they_o have_v some_o way_n to_o manifest_v their_o conception_n one_o to_o another_o but_o above_o other_o the_o chineses_n have_v the_o most_o significant_a character_n the_o first_o inventor_n of_o which_o be_v fohi_n about_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n as_o their_o record_n say_v who_o form_v divers_a figure_n draw_v from_o animal_n bird_n reptile_n fish_n herbage_n plant_n tree_n and_o abundance_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o numerous_a variety_n of_o the_o product_n of_o nature_n and_o her_o several_a resemblance_n such_o and_o so_o infinite_a be_v their_o character_n which_o though_o the_o modern_a chineses_n teach_v by_o experience_n 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of_o the_o tongue_n though_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o indefatigable_a patience_n and_o though_o the_o same_o word_n have_v one_o signification_n in_o the_o mandorin_n language_n and_o a_o contrary_a in_o japan_n and_o other_o place_n yet_o know_v this_o one_o speech_n and_o character_n you_o may_v travel_v not_o only_o through_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o the_o adjacent_a kingdom_n those_o that_o be_v earnest_a to_o make_v further_a scrutiny_n in_o quest_n of_o all_o these_o wonderful_a relation_n may_v resort_v to_o the_o author_n himself_o and_o to_o those_o in_o his_o quotation_n for_o this_o we_o think_v a_o sufficient_a appendix_n to_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n the_o one_o seem_v the_o better_a to_o illustrate_v the_o other_o many_o of_o the_o same_o concern_v be_v handle_v in_o both_o finis_fw-la the_o severe_a law_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o division_n of_o the_o globe_n asia_n divide_v the_o name_n of_o china_n china_n whence_o so_o name_v the_o division_n of_o 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discovery_n of_o the_o syro-chinesian_a monument_n by_o who_o first_o make_v public_a martin_n atlas_n pag._n 44._o at_o what_o time_n the_o christian_a faith_n enter_v into_o china_n the_o creaticâ—â—_n of_o all_o thing_n the_o fall_n of_o adam_n the_o incarnation_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n the_o description_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o judea_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n geographer_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o law_n of_o christ_n the_o building_n of_o church_n presbyter_n john_n where_o he_o inhabit_v belor_n a_o most_o high_a mountain_n why_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o aloyssine_n be_v call_v presbyter_n john_n the_o king_n of_o barantola_n adore_v as_o a_o god_n where_o presbyter_n john_n reside_v 〈…〉_z the_o dâ—scription_n of_o hancheu_fw-la or_o quâ—nsai_n the_o voyage_n of_o benedict_n go_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o cathay_n a_o description_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o china_n the_o habit_n of_o thâ—_n 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