action_n for_o slander_n or_o a_o methodical_a collection_n under_o certain_a ground_n and_o head_n of_o what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o a_o treatise_n of_o very_a great_a use_n and_o consequence_n to_o all_o man_n especial_o in_o these_o time_n wherein_o action_n for_o slander_n be_v more_o common_a and_o do_v much_o more_o abound_v then_o in_o time_n past_a and_o when_o the_o malice_n of_o man_n so_o much_o increase_v well_o may_v their_o tongue_n want_v a_o directory_n to_o which_o be_v add_v award_v or_o arbitrement_n methodise_v under_o several_a ground_n and_o head_n collect_v out_o of_o our_o year-book_n and_o other_o pirvate_a authentic_a authority_n wherein_o be_v principal_o show_v what_o arbitrement_n be_v good_a in_o law_n and_o what_o not_o a_o learning_n of_o no_o less_o use_n and_o consequence_n to_o all_o man_n than_o the_o former_a for_o that_o submission_n to_o arbitrement_n be_v never_o more_o in_o use_n then_o in_o these_o time_n and_o this_o learning_n well_o observe_v will_v avoid_v multitude_n of_o suit_n and_o contention_n which_o daily_o arise_v through_o the_o defect_n of_o arbitrement_n by_o jo._n march_v of_o grays-inn_n barister_n london_n print_v by_o f._n l._n for_o m._n walbank_n and_o r._n best_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o grayes-inne-gate_n 1647._o action_n for_o slander_n or_o a_o methodical_a collection_n under_o certain_a ground_n and_o head_n of_o what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o the_o first_o part_n of_o my_o labour_n be_v to_o show_v what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o case_n that_o have_v be_v adjudge_v neither_o can_v i_o if_o i_o will_v my_o intent_n be_v only_o to_o lay_v down_o a_o certain_a rule_n or_o ground_n upon_o which_o to_o go_v which_o will_v indeed_o be_v as_o a_o light_n to_o all_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o have_v do_v so_o to_o follow_v every_o particular_a thereof_o with_o the_o most_o pertinent_a case_n that_o i_o find_v adjudge_v in_o the_o law_n which_o do_v there_o will_v be_v very_o few_o case_n of_o consequence_n hitherto_o adjudge_v omit_v but_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o this_o part_n of_o my_o labour_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o premise_v this_o that_o i_o do_v not_o undertake_v this_o work_n with_o a_o intent_n â—o_o encourage_v man_n in_o give_v â—ll_o and_o unworthy_a language_n or_o to_o teacâ—â—_n they_o a_o lawless_a dyalect_n but_o as_o my_o lord_n cook_n speak_v to_o direct_v and_o instruct_v they_o right_o to_o manage_v that_o b._n which_o though_o but_o a_o little_a member_n prove_v often_o the_o great_a good_a or_o the_o great_a evil_n to_o most_o man_n and_o withal_o to_o deter_v man_n from_o word_n which_o be_v but_o wind_n as_o he_o further_o speak_v which_o subject_a man_n to_o action_n in_o which_o damage_n and_o cost_n be_v to_o be_v recover_v which_o usual_o trench_v to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n and_o impoverishment_n of_o the_o speaker_n and_o in_o truth_n that_o which_o cause_v i_o to_o enter_v upon_o this_o labour_n be_v the_o frequency_n of_o these_o action_n for_o i_o may_v with_o confidence_n affirm_v that_o they_o do_v at_o this_o day_n bring_v as_o much_o gryse_v to_o the_o mill_n if_o not_o more_o than_o any_o one_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n whatsoever_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v and_o certain_o never_o in_o a_o better_a time_n than_o now_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v suppress_v that_o word_n only_o of_o brangle_n heat_n and_o choler_n may_v not_o he_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o those_o high_a and_o honourable_a court_n of_o justice_n for_o i_o profess_v for_o my_o part_n i_o judge_v of_o they_o as_o a_o great_a dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o professor_n thereof_o especial_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o they_o be_v use_v only_o as_o instrument_n to_o promote_v the_o malice_n and_o vent_v the_o spleen_n of_o private_a jar_n and_o discontent_n among_o man_n the_o apostle_n call_v in_o question_n the_o wisdom_n of_o man_n 5._o for_o go_v to_o law_n one_o with_o another_o be_v not_o to_o be_v intend_v as_o the_o learned_a observe_v upon_o that_o place_n general_o to_o condemn_v all_o legal_a prosecution_n be_v ause_fw-la a_o man_n may_v without_o question_n maintain_v his_o just_a right_n &_o privilege_n bâ—_n law_n but_o only_o to_o reprehend_v the_o folly_n of_o such_o who_o upon_o every_o slight_a and_o triviail_n occasion_n like_o many_o in_o these_o contention_n time_n care_v not_o to_o intayle_v a_o suit_n upon_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n though_o in_o fine_a they_o dock_n their_o own_o intayle_n without_o recovery_n and_o just_o may_v action_n for_o word_n come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o apostle_n exprobration_n i_o do_v not_o condemn_v all_o action_n for_o word_n neither_o for_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a that_o where_o a_o man_n life_n liveliehood_n or_o reputation_n which_o be_v dear_a to_o he_o then_o the_o former_a be_v much_o endanger_v by_o scandalous_a word_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o offender_n shall_v be_v enforce_v by_o action_n to_o make_v compensation_n but_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v flee_v to_o the_o law_n out_o of_o malice_n and_o make_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n maintainer_n of_o every_o small_a and_o vain_a brabble_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o utter_o unlawful_a and_o intolerable_a among_o christian_n i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o which_o wray_n chief_a justice_n b._n say_v in_o cook_n four_o book_n that_o though_o slander_v and_o false_a imputation_n be_v to_o be_v repress_v because_o that_o oftentimes_o a_o verbis_fw-la ad_fw-la verbera_fw-la perventum_fw-la est_fw-la which_o â—confes_v tend_v much_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n and_o therefore_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o be_v prevent_v yet_o he_o say_v that_o the_o judge_n have_v resolve_v that_o action_n for_o scandal_n shall_v not_o be_v maintain_v by_o any_o strain_a construction_n or_o argument_n nor_o any_o favour_n extend_v for_o supportation_n of_o they_o and_o he_o add_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o because_o they_o do_v abound_v more_o in_o these_o day_n then_o in_o time_n past_a and_o the_o intemperance_n and_o malice_n of_o man_n increase_v et_fw-la malitijs_fw-la hominum_fw-la est_fw-la obviandum_fw-la and_o further_o add_v that_o in_o our_o old_a book_n action_n for_o scandal_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v be_v for_o word_n of_o eminent_a slander_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n i_o be_v true_a that_o the_o law_n do_v in_o some_o case_n discountenance_v these_o action_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v a_o rule_n that_o word_n if_o they_o admit_v of_o a_o double_a construction_n shall_v always_o be_v take_v in_o the_o best_a sense_n for_o he_o that_o speak_v they_o as_o i_o shall_v make_v evident_a hereafter_o because_o usual_o they_o be_v speak_v in_o chollar_n and_o passion_n this_o i_o say_v the_o law_n do_v where_o the_o word_n be_v amphibolus_fw-la but_o if_o the_o word_n be_v clear_o actionable_a in_o such_o case_n the_o law_n will_v never_o aid_v a_o man_n though_o they_o be_v speak_v in_o the_o distemper_n of_o passion_n which_o seem_v very_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a nay_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o extreme_a if_o counsel_n shall_v but_o inform_v the_o jury_n of_o the_o quality_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o also_o make_v they_o understand_v if_o they_o be_v capable_a the_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o heinousness_n of_o they_o such_o word_n against_o such_o a_o person_n this_o enforce_a and_o press_v on_o by_o eminent_a council_n shall_v make_v a_o jury_n give_v a_o hundred_o pound_n damage_n whereas_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o they_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n by_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n be_v prejudice_v one_o farthing_n a_o case_n of_o very_o great_a extremity_n and_o worthy_a of_o relief_n and_o can_v any_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o this_o be_v a_o countenance_v of_o these_o frivolous_a action_n but_o give_v i_o leave_v reader_n and_o i_o will_v in_o a_o word_n inform_v you_o how_o this_o may_v be_v remedy_v and_o though_o the_o malice_n of_o man_n can_v be_v stop_v yet_o their_o action_n may_v let_v no_o word_n be_v actionable_a which_o do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o chollar_n and_o passion_n or_o if_o actionable_a yet_o let_v the_o plaintiff_n recover_v no_o more_o in_o damage_n than_o he_o can_v upon_o oath_n make_v appear_v that_o he_o be_v actual_o damnify_v by_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v provide_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n our_o new_a book_n will_v be_v as_o little_a infest_a with_o these_o frivolous_a action_n as_o the_o old_a one_o be_v
but_o i_o can_v thus_o balk_v that_o observation_n of_o that_o learned_a chief_a justice_n whoâ—ses_v that_o in_o our_o old_a book_n action_n for_o scandal_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v be_v for_o word_n of_o eminent_a slander_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o most_o exact_a and_o true_a observation_n for_o in_o search_v of_o the_o book_n i_o can_v find_v that_o any_o action_n for_o scandalous_a word_n be_v bring_v before_o e._n 3._o time_n and_o so_o rare_a then_o that_o i_o find_v but_o one_o in_o 50._o year_n of_o e._n 3._o and_o that_o be_v sir_n thomas_n seton_n case_n of_o justice_n 19_o for_o call_v of_o he_o traitor_n felon_n and_o robber_n no_o frivolous_a cause_n of_o action_n and_o i_o find_v but_o three_o action_n for_o word_n bring_v in_o 22._o year_n of_o e._n 4._o and_o those_o for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o word_n 3._o for_o publish_v one_o to_o be_v the_o pilleine_fw-fr of_o i._n s._n a_o slander_n of_o no_o small_a importance_n neither_o for_o so_o long_o as_o that_o base_a and_o slavish_a tenure_n of_o pilleinage_n hold_v he_o that_o be_v a_o pilleine_fw-fr be_v subject_a both_o in_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o the_o will_n of_o his_o lord_n so_o that_o he_o may_v seize_v all_o his_o estate_n real_a and_o personal_a and_o vassalize_v his_o person_n at_o his_o pleasure_n so_o that_o he_o do_v not_o kill_v or_o maim_n he_o in_o all_o the_o 21._o year_n of_o h._n 7._o there_o be_v not_o one_o action_n that_o i_o can_v find_v bring_v for_o scandalous_a word_n and_o in_o 38._o year_n of_o h._n 8._o our_o book_n tell_v we_o but_o of_o five_o action_n bring_v for_o scandalous_a word_n 1st_a two_o whereof_o be_v in_o 27._o h._n 8._o so_o that_o i_o find_v none_o before_o that_o time_n neither_o the_o other_o be_v in_o 30._o h._n 8._o and_o 28._o h._n dyer_n and_o these_o for_o no_o trifle_a word_n for_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v for_o call_v a_o man_n heretic_n another_o for_o say_v a_o man_n be_v perjure_v and_o the_o other_o three_o for_o call_v of_o one_o thief_n all_o of_o which_o be_v high_a scandal_n to_o a_o man_n reputation_n and_o most_o of_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n and_o fortune_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o that_o reverend_n chief_a justice_n observe_v that_o these_o action_n be_v very_o rare_a in_o our_o old_a book_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v be_v for_o word_n of_o eminent_a slander_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n but_o these_o few_o have_v now_o get_v such_o a_o numerous_a progeny_n that_o i_o fear_v we_o can_v turn_v over_o many_o leaf_n in_o our_o new_a book_n but_o we_o shall_v find_v one_o of_o these_o action_n they_o begin_v thus_o to_o multiply_v in_o the_o queen_n time_n as_o we_o find_v in_o my_o lord_n cock_n 4._o book_n where_o there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o 17._o adjudge_v case_n together_o upon_o these_o action_n and_o you_o may_v easy_o judge_v they_o do_v not_o abate_v in_o king_n jamses_n his_o time_n for_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o and_o twenty_o adjudge_v case_n upon_o these_o action_n in_o my_o lord_n hobart_n book_n and_o i_o be_o certain_a they_o be_v not_o fall_v in_o his_o majesty_n reign_n that_o now_o be_v for_o i_o myself_o have_v report_v no_o less_o than_o three_o and_o twenty_o judgement_n upon_o these_o action_n but_o from_o easter_n term_n in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o the_o king_n to_o trinity_n term_n in_o the_o eighteen_o well_o therefore_o may_v wray_n chief_a justice_n say_v that_o the_o malice_n of_o man_n do_v more_o increase_n in_o these_o time_n then_o in_o time_n past_a and_o as_o he_o say_v the_o malice_n of_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v with_o stand_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v which_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o too_o frequent_a tollerate_n of_o action_n of_o this_o nature_n will_v not_o effect_v 2._o no_o more_o than_o fire_n can_v be_v extinguish_v by_o add_v fuel_n unto_o it_o you_o have_v hear_v my_o advice_n and_o direction_n before_o therefore_o i_o will_v here_o close_v this_o with_o one_o word_n though_o the_o tongue_n of_o man_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o bellows_n to_o bow_v the_o coal_n it_o be_v the_o say_n of_o the_o prophet_n david_n i_o will_v take_v heed_n to_o my_o way_n that_o i_o offend_v not_o with_o my_o tongue_n i_o will_v keep_v my_o mouth_n as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o bridle_n it_o be_v happy_a for_o all_o man_n if_o they_o can_v make_v the_o like_a resolution_n and_o keep_v it_o but_o see_v that_o we_o be_v but_o man_n while_o we_o carry_v this_o lump_n of_o flesh_n and_o mass_n of_o corruption_n about_o we_o we_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o like_a passion_n and_o affection_n that_o oâ—â—erâ—_n have_v be_v before_o we_o and_o the_o flesh_n will_v rebel_v against_o the_o spirit_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v provide_v this_o treatise_n upon_o action_n of_o slander_n as_o a_o bridle_n for_o all_o rash_a and_o inconsiderate_a â—ongues_n that_o see_v the_o mischief_n they_o may_v the_o better_a know_v how_o to_o avoid_v it_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o general_a rule_n which_o i_o shall_v by_o the_o way_n as_o i_o go_v make_v good_a in_o every_o particular_a that_o all_o scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o his_o life_n liberty_n or_o member_n or_o any_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o which_o scandal_n a_o man_n in_o his_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n or_o in_o his_o call_v or_o function_n by_o which_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n or_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o slander_v of_o his_o title_n or_o his_o disinheritance_n or_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o advance_n i_o it_o or_o preferment_n or_o any_o other_o particular_a damage_n or_o last_o which_o charge_v a_o man_n to_o have_v any_o dangerous_a infectious_a disease_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o separate_v himself_o or_o to_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o law_n from_o the_o society_n of_o man_n all_o such_o word_n be_v actionable_a and_o first_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o rule_n viz._n scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o his_o life_n such_o word_n be_v actionable_a if_o a_o man_n call_v another_o traitor_n 22._o felon_n thief_n or_o murderer_n a_o action_n lie_v for_o these_o word_n because_o they_o call_v a_o man_n life_n in_o question_n 16._o so_o it_o be_v all_o one_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o kill_v or_o murder_v i._o s._n 196._o or_o that_o he_o steal_v his_o goodâ—_n or_o that_o he_o poison_v he_o if_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v witting_o do_v or_o the_o like_a these_o word_n likewise_o be_v actionable_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n in_o the_o margin_n so_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v of_o another_o he_o have_v burn_v my_o bâ—â—ne_n with_o corn_n 20._o which_o be_v felony_n this_o likewise_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n i_o have_v a_o report_n of_o a_o case_n which_o be_v thus_o a_o servant_n of_o one_o mr._n roger_n brook_n say_v of_o one_o mis._n margaret_n passey_n that_o she_o send_v a_o letter_n to_o his_o master_n and_o in_o the_o say_a letter_n will_v his_o master_n to_o poison_v his_o wife_n bridget_n brooke_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n bring_v in_o the_o cnequer_n chamber_n it_o be_v resolve_v b._n the_o word_n be_v actionnable_a and_o the_o judgement_n affirm_v which_o case_n i_o confess_v i_o much_o doubt_n because_o here_o be_v but_o bare_a advice_n and_o nothing_o appear_v to_o be_v do_v like_o eaton_n case_n in_o cook_n 4_o book_n where_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o give_v his_o champion_n council_n to_o make_v a_o dâ—ed_v of_o gift_n of_o his_o good_n to_o kill_v he_o etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o the_o purpose_n or_o intent_n of_o a_o man_n without_o act_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n and_o i_o conceive_v it_o will_v not_o be_v like_o the_o case_n bench._n put_v by_o tanfiâ—ld_n iust._n in_o harris_n and_o hixons_n case_n where_o he_o say_v that_o to_o say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o lie_v in_o wait_n to_o rob_v or_o to_o murder_v i._o s._n will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o he_o accuse_v he_o of_o a_o act_n viz._n the_o preparation_n and_o lie_v in_o wait_n which_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o former_a case_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o bare_a advice_n 8._o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n holy_a
that_o he_o have_v commit_v felony_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v often_o adjudge_v i_o will_v only_o cite_v one_o case_n in_o the_o point_n hasselwood_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o garret_n for_o these_o word_n 107._o i_o can_v find_v in_o this_o parish_n a_o false_a knave_n than_o briscoe_n be_v the_o which_o briscoe_n be_v indict_v of_o felony_n &_o burglary_n and_o be_v go_v to_o stafford_n goal_n and_o that_o false_a knâ—ve_n be_v thomas_n hasselwood_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o these_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o briscoe_n may_v be_v indict_v and_o yet_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n thou_o have_v layeâ—_n in_o fuller_n tub_n case_n in_o which_o none_o come_v but_o those_o that_o have_v the_o pox_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v nor_o actionable_a because_o this_o be_v no_o direct_a affirmation_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v the_o pox._n poland_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o mason_n 381._o for_o say_v i_o charge_v he_o mean_v the_o plaintiff_n with_o felony_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o he_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o felon_n but_o do_v only_o say_v that_o he_o do_v charge_v he_o with_o felony_n which_o he_o may_v do_v in_o some_o case_n though_o he_o do_v not_o the_o fact_n as_o if_o a_o felony_n be_v do_v and_o the_o common_a fame_n be_v that_o he_o do_v it_o any_o one_o that_o suspect_v he_o may_v charge_v he_o with_o it_o henâ—y_o bring_v a_o action_n against_o fitâ—h_n for_o these_o word_n 286._o i_o arrest_v you_o for_o felony_n agree_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_v for_o this_o be_v no_o positive_a charge_n that_o he_o be_v a_o felon_n and_o this_o may_v be_v lawful_o do_v upon_o a_o common_a fame_n as_o be_v say_v before_o thus_o you_o see_v that_o word_n that_o be_v not_o direct_o affirmative_a will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n yet_o you_o may_v see_v before_o fol._n 7._o where_o word_n which_o imply_v a_o affirmative_a only_o shall_v be_v actionable_a as_o to_o say_v that_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o you_o steal_v my_o book_n or_o the_o like_a but_o of_o this_o sufficient_a second_o â—_o word_n that_o be_v of_o a_o double_a or_o indifferent_a meaning_n the_o law_n will_v take_v in_o the_o best_a sense_n for_o the_o speaker_n and_o sâ—_n adjudge_v they_o actionable_a for_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o verba_fw-la accipienda_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la yeoman_n and_o hext_n case_v cite_v before_o b._n for_o my_o land_n in_o allerton_n hext_n seek_v my_o life_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v these_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o he_o may_v seek_v his_o life_n lawful_o upon_o just_a cause_n and_o his_o land_n may_v be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o so_o in_o mitiori_fw-la sâ—nsu_fw-la barham_n bring_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n against_o nethersall_n â—_o and_o the_o word_n be_v master_n bâ—rham_n do_v burn_v my_o barn_n innuendo_fw-la a_o barue_v with_o corn_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o none_o but_o he_o and_o after_o verdict_n it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o it_o be_v not_o felony_n to_o burn_v a_o barn_n if_o it_o be_v not_o parcel_n of_o a_o mansion_n house_n nor_o full_a of_o corn_n and_o in_o such_o case_n agitur_fw-la civiliter_fw-la and_o not_o criminaliter_fw-la and_o word_n must_v be_v take_v in_o mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la and_o the_o innuendo_fw-la will_v not_o serve_v when_o the_o word_n themselves_o be_v not_o slanderous_a jeam_n his_o case_n 17._o hang_v he_o he_o be_v full_a of_o the_o pox_n i_o marvel_v that_o you_o will_v eat_v or_o drink_v with_o he_o etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n werâ—_n noâ—_n actionable_a because_o they_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la for_o the_o small_a pox_n and_o not_o the_o french_a pox._n but_o noâ—e_v that_o in_o hawtry_n and_o miles_n case_n cite_v afterward_o it_o be_v say_v by_o fenner_n just_o bench._n that_o to_o say_v that_o a_o man_n be_v lay_v of_o the_o pox_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o be_v the_o phrase_n for_o the_o french_a pox._n adrian_n coote_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o adrian_n gilbert_n for_o these_o word_n 97._o thou_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o have_v steal_v a_o tree_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a and_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o and_o thou_o have_v steal_v and_o for_o thou_o have_v steal_v for_o in_o common_a acceptation_n and_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v but_o a_o verify_n and_o make_v good_a of_o the_o general_a word_n thief_n and_o then_o a_o tree_n shall_v be_v understand_v rather_o of_o a_o tree_n stand_v then_o fell_v which_o can_v be_v no_o felony_n or_o theft_n for_o that_o a_o man_n can_v steal_v a_o man_n inheritance_n so_o clarke_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o gilbert_n for_o these_o word_n 406._o thou_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o have_v steal_v twenty_o load_n of_o my_o furz_n adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o the_o reason_n give_v in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o like_a law_n be_v â—_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o have_v steal_v his_o apple_n or_o his_o corn_n or_o rob_v his_o hoppe_n ground_n or_o the_o like_a the_o law_n in_o these_o case_n will_v adjudge_v they_o rather_o grow_v then_o gather_v or_o cut_v down_o and_o so_o the_o word_n not_o actionable_a thus_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o where_o the_o word_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a or_o a_o indifferent_a meaning_n that_o the_o law_n will_v ever_o take_v they_o best_o for_o the_o speaker_n i_o shall_v only_o put_v one_o case_n more_o upon_o this_o ground_n and_o so_o pass_v it_o over_o pawlin_fw-ge bring_v a_fw-mi action_n against_o ford_n for_o these_o word_n bâ—nch_n thou_o be_v a_o thievish_a rogue_n and_o have_v steal_v my_o wood._n it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n say_v at_o bar_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o shall_v be_v construe_v rather_o to_o be_v wood_n stand_v then_o cut_v down_o like_o those_o case_n put_v before_o but_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n seem_v to_o incline_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o that_o wood_n can_v be_v otherwise_o intend_v then_o of_o wood_n cut_v down_o according_a to_o the_o old_a verse_n arbour_n duâ—_n crescit_fw-la lignum_fw-la dum_fw-la crescere_fw-la nescu_fw-la and_o so_o it_o be_v adjourn_v without_o more_o say_n note_v reader_n 1366._o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n betwixt_o litchfield_n and_o saunders_n for_o the_o same_o word_n he_o have_v steal_v my_o wood_n to_o which_o the_o defendant_n demur_v it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o tanfield_n justice_n say_v that_o the_o word_n shall_v be_v intend_v according_a to_o the_o most_o usual_a sense_n intent_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v lignum_fw-la and_o not_o arbour_n as_o if_o one_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v commit_v a_o murder_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v intend_v that_o he_o have_v murder_v a_o hare_n but_o a_o man_n you_o may_v here_o observe_v reader_n that_o though_o word_n of_o a_o double_a or_o indifferent_a meaning_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o best_a intendment_n for_o the_o speaker_n as_o i_o have_v sufficient_o clear_v it_o unto_o you_o yet_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v contrary_a to_o common_a intendment_n for_o as_o you_o shall_v not_o strain_v word_n to_o a_o intent_n not_o apparent_a to_o make_v they_o actionable_a so_o you_o must_v not_o wrâ—st_v they_o contrary_a to_o common_a intent_n to_o make_v they_o noâ—_n actionable_a this_o be_v apparent_a by_o sanders_n his_o case_n immediate_o before_o where_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o to_o say_v of_o another_o you_o have_v steal_v my_o wood_n shalâ—_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v lignum_fw-la and_o not_o arbour_n and_o so_o actionable_a so_o to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o murder_n shall_v not_o be_v understand_v murder_v of_o a_o harâ—_n but_o a_o man._n dame_n morrison_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o william_n cade_n esquire_n aâ—d_v declare_v that_o she_o be_v of_o good_a same_o 115â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o henry_n earl_n of_o kent_n be_v in_o speech_n and_o communication_n with_o she_o for_o marriage_n the_o defendant_n prâ—misso_fw-la they_o non_fw-la ignarus_fw-la say_v these_o word_n arscot_n have_v report_v that_o he_o have_v have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o lady_n morrisons_n body_n at_o his_o pleasure_n ubi_fw-la revera_fw-la arscot_n never_o report_v it_o and_o further_a allege_v that_o the_o e._n of_o kent_n upon_o the_o hear_n of_o these_o word_n surcease_v his_o suit_n by_o which_o she_o lose_v her_o advancement_n the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o
they_o be_v as_o sufficient_o lay_v to_o entitle_v every_o of_o the_o defendant_n to_o a_o several_a action_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v special_o name_v here_o you_o see_v the_o word_n may_v be_v sufficient_o certain_a by_o relation_n five_o where_o former_a word_n actionable_a be_v qualify_v with_o subsequent_a word_n not_o actionable_a there_o though_o the_o former_a word_n speak_v general_o and_o by_o themselves_o will_v have_v maintain_v a_o action_n yet_o now_o take_v altogether_o they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a thou_o be_v a_o thief_n for_o thou_o have_v steal_v my_o apple_n out_o of_o my_o orchard_n or_o for_o thou_o have_v rob_v my_o hopground_n or_o for_o thou_o have_v steal_v a_o tree_n or_o for_o thou_o have_v steal_v my_o furze_n as_o i_o have_v put_v you_o the_o case_n before_o or_o thou_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o thou_o have_v steal_v my_o apple_n out_o of_o my_o orchard_n or_o and_o thou_o have_v rob_v my_o hop_v ground_n etc._n etc._n and_o and_o for_o have_v both_o one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n in_o these_o case_n as_o i_o have_v clear_v it_o to_o you_o before_o to_o be_v adjudge_v and_o in_o all_o these_o case_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o the_o latter_a word_n do_v qualify_v the_o former_a for_o the_o former_a word_n say_v he_o to_o be_v a_o thief_n but_o the_o latter_a prove_v he_o to_o be_v noâ—e_n i_o have_v give_v the_o reason_n before_o because_o that_o in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o law_n which_o will_v always_o construe_v word_n the_o best_a for_o the_o speaker_n will_v take_v the_o apple_n hope_n &c._n &c._n to_o be_v grow_v and_o then_o it_o be_v trespass_n only_o and_o not_o felony_n to_o take_v they_o away_o because_o felony_n as_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o can_v be_v commit_v of_o that_o which_o be_v parce_fw-fr of_o a_o man_n inheritance_n as_o these_o be_v whilst_o they_o be_v grow_v britteridge_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o these_o word_n b._n britteridge_n be_v a_o perjure_a old_a knave_n and_o that_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o a_o stake_n part_v the_o land_n of_o h._n martin_n and_o m._n wright_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o though_o the_o former_a word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n the_o latter_a do_v so_o qualify_v and_o extenuate_v they_o that_o take_v altogether_o they_o be_v not_o actionable_a for_o the_o latter_a word_n do_v explain_v his_o intent_n that_o he_o do_v not_o intend_v any_o judicial_a perjury_n also_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o stake_n can_v prove_v he_o perjure_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o impossibility_n and_o insensibility_n of_o the_o word_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v six_o where_o the_o word_n do_v not_o import_v a_o act_n but_o a_o intent_n only_o or_o a_o inclination_n to_o it_o there_o such_o word_n except_o where_o they_o sâ—and_v all_o a_o man_n in_o his_o function_n or_o profession_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o be_v a_o seditious_a knave_n b._n or_o a_o thievish_a knave_n or_o a_o traitorous_a knave_n these_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o the_o word_n do_v not_o import_v that_o he_o have_v do_v or_o be_v guilty_a of_o sedition_n felony_n or_o treason_n but_o be_v adjective_n word_n which_o import_v a_o inclination_n to_o it_o only_o but_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o be_v a_o parjured_a knave_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o word_n because_o that_o the_o adjective_n perjure_a presume_v a_o act_n commit_v or_o otherwise_o he_o can_v be_v perjure_v beside_o ibi_fw-la adjective_n word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n when_o they_o scandal_n a_o man_n in_o his_o office_n function_n or_o trade_n by_o which_o he_o do_v acquire_v his_o live_n though_o they_o do_v not_o import_v a_o act_n do_v my_o lord_n cook_n cite_v this_o case_n adjudge_v 24._o eliz._n between_o philip_n parson_n of_o d._n and_o badby_n in_o a_o action_n bring_v for_o these_o word_n thou_o have_v a_o seditious_a sermon_n and_o move_v the_o people_n to_o sedition_n this_o day_n resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a notwithstanding_o that_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o word_n be_v utter_a adjective_n and_o the_o last_o word_n be_v but_o a_o motive_n to_o sedition_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o any_o thing_n ensue_v yet_o because_o that_o they_o scandal_n the_o plaintiff_n in_o his_o function_n they_o be_v adjudge_v actionable_a so_o 72._o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o a_o merchant_n that_o he_o be_v a_o bankrupt_o knave_n or_o a_o bankrupt_a knave_n these_o word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n though_o that_o the_o bankrupt_a be_v adjective_n or_o if_o one_o say_v of_o a_o merchant_n that_o he_o will_v be_v bankrupt_a within_o two_o day_n which_o import_v but_o a_o inclination_n â—yâ—t_v a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o scandal_n reach_v to_o the_o profession_n so_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o a_o officer_n or_o judge_n a_o that_o he_o be_v a_o corrupt_a officer_n or_o judge_n though_o the_o word_n be_v adjective_n yet_o a_o action_n lie_v for_o both_o cause_n first_o because_o the_o word_n touch_v he_o in_o his_o office_n and_o then_o because_o they_o do_v import_v a_o act_n do_v hob._n keep_v pag._n 12._o pl._n 17._o yard_o and_o ellillâ—_n case_n to_o say_v of_o a_o atorney_n that_o he_o be_v a_o bribe_a knave_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n though_o the_o word_n be_v adjective_n word_n likewise_o that_o import_n a_o intent_n only_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o he_o be_v a_o brable_a &_o a_o quarrel_n he_o give_v his_o champion_n counsel_n to_o make_v a_o deed_n of_o gift_n of_o his_o good_n to_o kill_v i_o etc._n etc._n but_o god_n preserve_v i_o case_n the_o book_n say_v that_o it_o be_v strong_o urge_v that_o the_o action_n shall_v be_v maintainable_a and_o divers_a case_n cite_v which_o i_o will_v remember_v unto_o you_o my_o lady_n cockein_n case_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n my_o lady_n cockein_n offer_v to_o give_v poison_n to_o one_o to_o kill_v the_o child_n in_o her_o body_n another_o betwixt_o tibet_n and_o heyne_n in_o gloucester_n for_o these_o word_n tibot_n and_o another_o do_v agree_v to_o hire_v one_o to_o kill_v b._n also_o cardinal_n case_n for_o these_o word_n if_o i_o have_v consent_v to_o master_n cardinal_n t._n h._n have_v not_o be_v alive_a and_o the_o lord_n lumlye_v case_n my_o lord_n lumley_n have_v go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o my_o life_n against_o all_o christian_a deal_v but_o notwithstanding_o these_o case_n the_o book_n say_v that_o upon_o great_a deliberation_n and_o advisement_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o in_o the_o principal_a case_n the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o the_o purpose_n or_o intent_n of_o a_o man_n without_o act_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n my_o l._n cook_n in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o case_n say_v note_v well_o this_o case_n and_o the_o cause_v and_o reason_n of_o the_o judgement_n certain_o reader_n there_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o this_o nota_fw-la beâ—e_fw-la of_o my_o lord_n cook_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o case_n seem_v to_o intimate_v as_o much_o unto_o we_o which_o be_v that_o the_o purpose_n or_o intent_n of_o a_o man_n without_o act_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a truth_n but_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o where_o that_o purpose_n or_o intent_n be_v manifest_v by_o a_o overt_a act_n or_o attempt_v that_o that_o be_v punishable_a mich._n 4._o of_o king_n james_n in_o a_o case_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n bench._n this_o be_v agree_v for_o law_n to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o lie_v in_o wait_n to_o assault_v i._o s._n with_o a_o intent_n to_o rob_v he_o or_o to_o murder_v he_o a_o action_n lie_v because_o that_o he_o do_v accuse_v he_o of_o a_o act_n viz._n the_o preparation_n and_o lie_v in_o wait_n to_o assault_v he_o but_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o will_v have_v murder_v or_o will_v have_v rob_v i._o s._n a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o he_o only_o guess_v at_o his_o imagination_n and_o in_o harris_n and_o dixoâ—s_n case_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n bench._n that_o case_n be_v allow_v for_o law_n by_o tanfield_n justice_n where_o he_o say_v that_o if_o one_o say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o lie_v in_o wait_n to_o murder_v i._o s._n a_o action_n lie_v because_o such_o lie_n in_o wait_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n by_o this_o case_n it_o shall_v seem_v that_o to_o charge_v a_o man_n with_o a_o attempt_n only_o to_o commit_v felony_n as_o to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o offer_v to_o rob_v or_o
appear_v that_o he_o do_v it_o witting_o stanhop_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o blithe_n for_o these_o word_n 25._o mr._n stanhop_n have_v but_o one_o manor_n and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v by_o swear_v and_o forswear_v resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o this_o reason_n among_o other_o for_o that_o he_o may_v recover_v or_o obtain_v a_o manor_n by_o swear_v and_o forsware_v and_o yet_o he_o not_o procure_v or_o assent_v to_o it_o and_o now_o i_o be_o come_v to_o the_o second_o part_n or_o clause_n of_o that_o general_a rule_n lay_v down_o before_o where_o i_o be_o to_o show_v you_o that_o scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o his_o liberty_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n by_o the_o book_n in_o the_o margin_n the_o law_n be_v plain_a a._n that_o if_o i_o publish_v and_o claim_v b._n to_o be_v my_o villain_fw-fr that_o in_o such_o case_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o i_o myself_o claim_v a_o interest_n in_o he_o and_o the_o law_n will_v not_o in_o such_o case_n punish_v a_o man_n for_o than_o no_o man_n dare_v claim_v his_o own_o for_o fear_v of_o a_o action_n but_o upon_o these_o book_n i_o conceive_v the_o law_n be_v evident_a that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v publish_v another_o to_o be_v the_o villain_n of_o i._o n._n that_o in_o such_o case_n a_o action_n will_v have_v lie_v because_o these_o word_n tend_v to_o the_o enslave_v of_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n and_o to_o the_o utter_a deprivation_n of_o his_o liberty_n which_o the_o law_n so_o much_o favour_n for_o as_o it_o be_v well_o know_v he_o that_o be_v a_o villain_n he_o be_v subject_a both_o in_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n soâ—_n that_o he_o may_v seize_v all_o his_o estate_n real_a and_o personal_a and_o vassalise_v his_o person_n at_o pleasure_n so_o that_o he_o do_v not_o kill_v or_o maim_v he_o but_o i_o conceive_v that_o at_o this_o day_n a_o action_n in_o such_o case_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o time_n and_o inconvenience_n have_v quite_o abolish_v and_o wear_v out_o this_o bondage_n our_o book_n have_v little_a upon_o this_o ground_n therefore_o i_o shall_v thus_o pass_v it_o over_o scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o member_n or_o in_o any_o corporal_a punishment_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o call_v he_o thief_n 22._o and_o that_o he_o have_v steal_v 2._o sheep_n from_o b._n the_o defendant_n justify_v the_o call_n of_o he_o thief_n for_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v steal_v the_o sheep_n and_o it_o be_v good_a by_o the_o whole_a court_n without_o express_v the_o value_n of_o the_o sheep_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a twelve_o penny_n so_o that_o it_o be_v but_o petty_a larceny_n and_o not_o capital_a yet_o it_o be_v felony_n in_o its_o nature_n by_o this_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o to_o say_v a_o man_n have_v steal_v sixpence_n from_o b._n will_v bear_v a_o action_n though_o it_o be_v but_o petty_a larceny_n because_o the_o offender_n by_o law_n may_v be_v imprison_v and_o whip_v for_o it_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o be_v perjure_v or_o that_o he_o have_v forswear_v himself_o in_o such_o a_o court_n br._n a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o word_n 107_o for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o eliz._n cap._n 9_o a_o man_n convict_v of_o perjury_n forfeit_v 20._o l._n and_o be_v to_o have_v six_o month_n imprisonment_n and_o his_o testimony_n take_v away_o while_o that_o conviction_n stand_v and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o good_n and_o chattel_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 20._o l._n then_o he_o be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o pillory_n and_o his_o ear_n to_o be_v nail_v so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v a_o immediate_a corporal_a punishment_n give_v by_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v imprisonment_n and_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o can_v prove_v he_o perjure_v b._n a_o action_n will_v lie_v though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o imply_v affirmative_a hearle_n against_o tresham_n thou_o have_v take_v a_o false_a oath_n in_o the_o session_n of_o bench._n etc._n etc._n resolve_v the_o word_n be_v actionable_a for_o the_o court_n shall_v intend_v this_o to_o be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n as_o record_n of_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o take_v conusance_n 360._o adam_n against_o fleming_n he_o have_v forswear_v himself_o before_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o suit_n i_o have_v against_o he_o there_o for_o perjury_n adjudge_v actionable_a in_o lelicke_n and_o wrinskemores_n case_n mich._n 7._o of_o king_n james_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n case_n one_o cossiman_n case_n be_v cite_v which_o be_v thus_o thou_o be_v forswear_v in_o such_o a_o bishop_n court_n it_o be_v say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v adjudge_v actionable_a &_o so_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o court._n it_o be_v move_v by_o williams_n in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n for_o these_o word_n pleas._n thou_o be_v a_o forswear_a knave_n thou_o be_v forswear_v in_o ilcon_n court_n innuendo_fw-la the_o court_n leete_n there_o hold_v it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o innuendo_fw-la shall_v not_o stretch_v the_o word_n further_o than_o they_o be_v speak_v and_o william_n put_v this_o case_n which_o be_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n thou_o be_v a_o forswear_a man_n thou_o be_v forswear_v in_o white_a church_n court_n which_o be_v affirm_v by_o all_o the_o sergeant_n to_o be_v adjudge_v not_o actionable_a which_o case_n i_o conceive_v b._n can_v be_v law_n record_n because_o it_o be_v adjudge_v as_o i_o have_v put_v the_o case_n before_o that_o if_o one_o say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o have_v forswear_v himself_o in_o such_o a_o court_n that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a and_o in_o this_o case_n judgement_n be_v give_v according_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o a_o woman_n that_o she_o have_v a_o bastard_n case_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o word_n because_o that_o she_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 18._o of_o the_o queen_n cap._n 3._o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n who_o always_o inflict_v a_o corporal_a punishment_n upon_o they_o as_o imprisonment_n whip_v or_o the_o like_a morgan_z and_o rookes_n case_n morgan_n say_v of_o the_o wife_n of_o rook_n she_o be_v a_o bawd_n bench._n and_o keep_v a_o bawdy_a house_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n bring_v by_o morgan_n to_o reverse_v the_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o judgement_n be_v affirm_v chamber_n and_o his_o wife_n against_o ry_o for_o the_o same_o word_n bench_n chamber_n his_o wife_n be_v a_o bawd_n and_o keep_v a_o bawdy_a house_n adjude_v the_o word_n be_v actonable_a and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o to_o say_v of_o a_o woman_n she_o be_v a_o bawd_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n because_o she_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n for_o it_o but_o to_o say_v of_o she_o that_o she_o keep_v a_o bawdy_a house_n will_v be_v actionable_a for_o that_o she_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n for_o keep_v a_o house_n of_o bawdry_n a_o prohibition_n be_v pray_v because_o that_o elizabeth_n thorne_n have_v libel_v in_o court_n christian_n against_o turnam_n for_o defamation_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n thou_o be_v a_o bawd_n and_o do_v keep_v a_o bawdy_a house_n and_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o whole_a court_n because_o that_o a_o action_n lie_v at_o common_a law_n for_o these_o word_n the_o reason_n why_o a_o action_n lie_v in_o these_o case_n be_v because_o the_o party_n may_v be_v indict_v for_o keep_v of_o a_o bawdy_a house_n and_o if_o she_o be_v thereupon_o convict_v she_o shall_v be_v imprison_v and_o most_o ignominious_o cart_v which_o be_v corporal_a punishment_n if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o have_v forge_v a_o leaf_n obligation_n release_v or_o accquitrance_n or_o the_o like_a a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o word_n because_o that_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o of_o the_o queen_n cap._n 14._o there_o be_v great_a and_o grievous_a corporal_a punishment_n inflict_v upon_o such_o offender_n if_o it_o be_v to_o disturb_v a_o title_n the_o punishment_n be_v the_o great_a but_o if_o only_a in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o pillory_n one_o of_o his_o ear_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o to_o be_v imprison_v for_o a_o year_n bench._n haw_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o these_o word_n my_o cousin_n hawes_n have_v speak_v against_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o say_v it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o church_n heath_n justice_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a though_o the_o offence_n
beâ—_n only_o against_o a_o penal_a law_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o of_o the_o queen_n cap._n 2._o give_v a_o penalty_n only_o for_o speak_v against_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n but_o in_o default_n of_o payment_n thereof_o imprisonment_n and_o he_o hold_v that_o all_o scandalous_a word_n which_o if_o they_o be_v true_a will_v make_v a_o man_n liable_a either_o to_o a_o pecuniary_a or_o a_o corporal_a punishment_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n but_o mallet_n justice_n and_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a judgement_n and_o their_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v law_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a occasion_n to_o increase_v and_o multiply_v action_n for_o word_n which_o the_o law_n labour_v to_o suppress_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v for_o then_o all_o word_n speak_v of_o any_o man_n which_o if_o they_o be_v true_a will_v subject_v he_o to_o a_o penalty_n either_o by_o the_o common_a or_o the_o statute_n law_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n as_o to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o have_v erect_v a_o cottage_n or_o commit_v a_o riot_n or_o the_o like_a will_v be_v actionable_a which_o the_o law_n will_v not_o suffer_v for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o judgement_n be_v give_v according_o mallet_n justice_n in_o the_o argue_v of_o this_o case_n say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o action_n then_o pend_v in_o the_o common-plea_n for_o call_v of_o a_o man_n recusant_n and_o he_o say_v that_o his_o opinion_n be_v the_o action_n be_v not_o maintainable_a i_o never_o hear_v what_o become_v of_o that_o case_n but_o i_o conceive_v the_o law_n to_o be_v with_o justice_n mallet_n for_o though_o there_o be_v many_o penalty_n and_o forfeiture_n provide_v by_o statute_n against_o recusant_n yet_o no_o corporal_a punishment_n be_v give_v by_o any_o of_o they_o no_o not_o after_o conviction_n thorneton_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o jobson_n 188._o and_o lay_v that_o he_o be_v a_o carrier_n and_o of_o good_a same_o and_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a barretor_n in_o this_o case_n the_o book_n say_v that_o the_o court_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o these_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n or_o public_a officer_n or_o of_o a_o attorney_n or_o the_o like_a that_o they_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o court_n do_v incline_v against_o the_o action_n in_o this_o case_n in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n bench._n the_o word_n be_v i_o be_o sorry_a for_o thy_o wife_n and_o child_n thou_o be_v a_o common_a barretor_n and_o i_o will_v indict_v thou_o for_o it_o aâ—_n the_o next_o assize_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a and_o by_o yeluerton_n justice_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o barretor_n no_o more_o then_o for_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o riotor_n a_o peace_n breaker_n or_o the_o like_a and_o a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o say_v that_o a_o man_n be_v a_o rogue_n to_o say_v of_o a_o attorney_n case_n that_o he_o be_v a_o champertor_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n but_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a that_o to_o say_v of_o one_o who_o be_v no_o attorney_n justice_n of_o peace_n nor_o other_o public_a officer_n that_o he_o be_v a_o champertor_n or_o a_o common_a maintainer_n of_o suit_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a nor_o be_v it_o actionable_a in_o case_n of_o the_o atorney_n to_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a maintainer_n of_o suit_n the_o reason_n of_o these_o case_n may_v be_v because_o that_o though_o any_o man_n may_v be_v indict_v for_o be_v a_o common_a barretor_n champertor_n or_o maintainer_n of_o suit_n and_o thereupon_o fine_v and_o imprison_v yet_o the_o punishment_n be_v only_o the_o fine_a and_o the_o imprisonment_n as_o a_o consequent_a or_o incident_a thereunto_o and_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o in_o hawes_n case_n if_o a_o action_n shall_v lie_v in_o these_o case_n then_o 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must_v know_v that_o i_o may_v speak_v once_o for_o all_o that_o all_o those_o ground_n which_o be_v before_o set_v down_o whâ—re_v word_n shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n life_n will_v agree_v with_o all_o action_n for_o word_n whatsoever_o whether_o that_o the_o word_n touch_v or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o corporal_a punishment_n as_o before_o or_o in_o his_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n or_o in_o his_o call_n or_o function_n by_o which_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n or_o the_o like_a as_o be_v manifest_v likewise_o in_o part_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v more_o full_o hereafter_o but_o to_o the_o point_n what_o word_n in_o this_o case_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a box_n and_o barnaby_n case_v cite_v before_o 245._o to_o say_v of_o a_o attorney_n that_o he_o be_v a_o champertor_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n but_o to_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a maintainer_n of_o suit_n will_v not_o bâ—are_v a_o action_n for_o there_o be_v 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have_v no_o judgement_n because_o of_o the_o double_a intendment_n of_o the_o word_n for_o they_o may_v be_v take_v that_o he_o be_v forswear_v either_o in_o the_o court_n or_o the_o prison_n and_o the_o best_a shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o speaker_n viz._n that_o he_o be_v forswear_a in_o the_o prison_n weaver_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o cariden_n for_o these_o word_n a_o he_o be_v detect_v for_o perjury_n in_o the_o starchamber_n adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o a_o honest_a man_n may_v be_v detect_v but_o not_o convict_v and_o every_o one_o who_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o perjury_n exhibit_v there_o against_o he_o be_v detect_v here_o the_o word_n do_v not_o positive_o affirm_v he_o to_o be_v
actionable_a and_o therefore_o the_o innuendo_fw-la in_o these_o case_n be_v idle_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n so_o if_o the_o word_n be_v incertain_a of_o themselves_o or_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v a_o innuendo_fw-la shall_v never_o make_v they_o actionable_a if_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o another_o for_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n take_v away_o money_n from_o he_o with_o a_o strong_a hand_n innuendo_fw-la felonice_n hear_v the_o word_n be_v incertain_a in_o the_o intendment_n before_o whether_o of_o a_o trespass_n or_o felony_n the_o innuendo_fw-la can_v extend_v they_o to_o a_o intendment_n of_o felony_n thereby_o to_o make_v they_o actionable_a and_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v so_o if_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o another_o 4_o for_o say_v that_o he_o forge_v a_o warrant_n innuendo_fw-la quoddam_fw-la warrantum_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o thomas_n and_o axworths_n case_n be_v cite_v before_o 48._o or_o for_o say_v that_o he_o forge_v 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and_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v then_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o innuendo_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n be_v so_o too_o innuendo_fw-la a_o traitor_n in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o innuendo_fw-la be_v good_a becuase_n it_o do_v its_o office_n in_o design_v of_o the_o person_n as_o also_o in_o declare_v of_o the_o matter_n or_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v certain_a before_o but_o a_o innuendo_fw-la b_o can_v make_v a_o person_n certain_a which_o be_v incertain_a before_o nor_o alter_v the_o matter_n or_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n themselves_o for_o it_o will_v be_v inconvenient_a that_o action_n shall_v be_v maintain_v by_o imagination_n of_o a_o intent_n which_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n upon_o which_o the_o action_n be_v found_v but_o be_v utter_o incertain_a and_o subject_a to_o deceaveable_a conjecture_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n if_o i_o shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o be_v the_o declarer_fw-la of_o the_o meaning_n or_o intendment_n of_o the_o incertain_a and_o doubtful_a speech_n of_o another_o man_n i_o may_v judge_v he_o to_o speak_v that_o he_o never_o think_v or_o intend_v and_o so_o punish_v he_o for_o that_o wherein_o he_o never_o offend_v the_o next_o and_o last_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v where_o a_o averrement_n will_v be_v necessary_a in_o these_o action_n and_o where_o not_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o ground_n that_o in_o all_o case_n for_o word_n where_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n or_o ground_n of_o the_o action_n or_o tend_v necessary_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o it_o in_o such_o case_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v without_o that_o thing_n be_v express_o aver_v to_o be_v or_o not_o to_o be_v as_o the_o case_n require_v 8._o miles_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o jacob_n for_o these_o word_n thou_o innuendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v poison_v smith_n quendam_fw-la sam._n smith_n ad_fw-la tuuc_fw-la defunct_a innuendo_fw-la adjudge_v the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o this_o reason_n among_o other_o because_o that_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v that_o smith_n be_v dead_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o word_n speak_v and_o the_o innuendo_fw-la for_o that_o purpose_n be_v no_o sufficient_a averrement_n the_o liâ—e_z case_n be_v trin._n 17._o of_o this_o king_n common-pleas_a a._n bring_v a_o action_n against_o b._n for_o these_o word_n thou_o have_v kill_v my_o brother_n innuendo_fw-la c._n etc._n etc._n fratrem_fw-la etc._n etc._n nuper_fw-la mortuum_fw-la adjudge_v the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o aver_v that_o he_o be_v dead_a at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v and_o it_o be_v rule_v that_o the_o innuendo_fw-la be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a averrement_n the_o reason_n of_o these_o case_n be_v because_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o action_n and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o dead_a which_o shall_v the_o rather_o be_v intend_v without_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v 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word_n or_o word_n in_o english_a doubtful_a in_o sense_n yet_o equipollent_a and_o of_o a_o common_a intendment_n and_o acceptation_n in_o some_o certain_a place_n with_o word_n actionable_a will_v bear_v a_o action_n without_o a_o express_a averrement_n of_o the_o importance_n of_o they_o or_o no_o quare_fw-la &_o vide_fw-la foe_n 6._o a._n hasselwood_n and_o garret_n case_v cite_v before_o bench._n whosoever_o be_v he_o that_o be_v false_a thief_n and_o strong_a in_o the_o country_n of_o salop_n 107._o whatsoever_o he_o have_v steal_v or_o whatsoever_o he_o have_v do_v thomas_n hassellwood_n be_v fall_a than_o he_o resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a with_o a_o averrement_n that_o there_o be_v felon_n within_o the_o countâ—_n of_o salop_n but_o for_o default_n of_o such_o averrement_n the_o judgement_n
conceive_v the_o judgement_n of_o these_o learned_a man_n viz._n fairfax_n starkey_n yeluerton_n and_o other_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v so_o undervalue_v especial_o upon_o no_o less_o than_o four_o several_a debate_n of_o the_o point_n b_o as_o to_o be_v call_v a_o sudden_a opinion_n as_o it_o be_v in_o france_n case_n in_o my_o lord_n coke_n 8_o book_n but_o for_o the_o law_n in_o this_o point_n certain_o it_o be_v now_o setlet_n and_o in_o peace_n that_o the_o compromittor_fw-la must_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o at_o his_o own_o peril_n have_v bind_v himself_o to_o stand_v to_o and_o observe_v the_o award_n in_o 1_o hen._n 7._o the_o opinion_n be_v clear_a say_v the_o book_n that_o the_o obligorâ—_n ought_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o award_n at_o his_o own_o peril_n 5._o because_o he_o have_v bind_v himself_o so_o to_o do_v and_o in_o 18_o e._n 4._o by_o brian_n a._n vavisor_n and_o catesby_n justices_z where_o a_o award_n be_v make_v the_o party_n ought_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o at_o his_o own_o peril_n and_o they_o say_v that_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o same_o king_n in_o the_o king_n bench._n which_o case_n be_v agree_v for_o law_n in_o my_o lord_n coke_n 4_o book_n b._n as_o also_o in_o his_o 8_o book_n france_n case_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o so_o be_v the_o law_n without_o question_n and_o the_o reason_n give_v there_o be_v because_o when_o a_o man_n bind_v himself_o to_o do_v or_o perform_v any_o thing_n award_v by_o a_o stranger_n he_o do_v by_o this_o take_v notice_n at_o his_o peril_n of_o all_o thing_n incident_a to_o this_o for_o the_o save_n of_o his_o obligation_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v the_o book_n in_o 7._o h._n 8._o where_o there_o be_v a_o opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 8_o to_o be_v no_o law_n but_o of_o this_o sufficient_a i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v you_o in_o what_o respect_n or_o for_o what_o other_o â—_z a_o award_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v void_a in_o law_n the_o first_o ground_n i_o lay_v down_o be_v where_o the_o award_n be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o submission_n the_o next_o shall_v be_v the_o incertainety_n where_o a_o award_n shall_v be_v void_a in_o law_n for_o the_o incertainety_n in_o all_o case_n where_o the_o award_n be_v uncertain_a it_o be_v void_a for_o the_o arbitrator_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o be_v judge_n and_o their_o judgement_n must_v be_v certain_a for_o judicium_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la cerâ—â—â—_n and_o the_o law_n do_v in_o all_o case_n abhor_v uncertainty_n because_o it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o confusion_n samon_n case_n a._n the_o arbitrator_n award_v that_o the_o one_o of_o the_o party_n shall_v enter_v into_o a_o bond_n to_o the_o other_o and_o do_v not_o award_n in_o what_o sum_n the_o bond_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v void_a for_o the_o incertainty_n for_o as_o the_o book_n say_v the_o arbitrator_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o case_n and_o their_o judgement_n award_v aught_o to_o be_v certain_a so_o that_o by_o this_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v the_o cause_n through_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o new_a controversy_n martham_n and_o iennings_n case_n 32._o in_o debt_n upon_o a_o obligation_n to_o stand_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o poly_n of_o gray_n inn_n for_o the_o title_n of_o copy_n hold_v in_o question_n betwixt_o the_o party_n poly_n award_v that_o jenning_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n 20_o mark_n viz._n 6_o l._n 131._o 4d_n super_fw-la vicesimum_fw-la primum_fw-la diem_fw-la maii_n and_o 6_o l._n 13_o s._n 4d_o at_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n next_o follow_v and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v release_v to_o the_o defendant_n all_o his_o right_n in_o the_o coppyhold_n super_fw-la predictum_fw-la primum_fw-la diem_fw-la maii_n omit_v vicesimum_fw-la where_o there_o be_v no_o first_o day_n name_v before_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o there_o be_v no_o award_n make_v the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o there_o be_v 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word_n speak_v which_o such_o a_o man_n life_n which_o be_v by_o way_n of_o interrogation_n or_o by_o way_n of_o hearsay_n or_o relation_n or_o last_o by_o way_n of_o negation_n only_o and_o yet_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n it_o be_v say_v at_o the_o king_n bench_n bar_n which_o i_o hear_v and_o observe_v that_o it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v in_o this_o court_n in_o one_o appletons_n case_n car._n that_o where_o a_o man_n say_v to_o another_o where_o be_v my_o piece_n thou_o stoâ—lest_v from_o i_o interrogation_n that_o these_o word_n be_v actionable_a relation_n and_o jones_n justice_n then_o say_v that_o he_o remember_v this_o case_n to_o be_v adjudge_v a._n say_v that_o b._n tell_v he_o that_o c._n steal_v a_o horse_n but_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v he_o that_o these_o word_n with_o a_o averrement_n that_o b._n do_v not_o say_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o a._n be_v actionable_a 1153_o agree_v with_o this_o case_n be_v the_o lady_n morrisons_n case_n widow_n who_o bring_v a_o action_n for_o word_n against_o william_n câ—de_v esquire_n and_o declare_v that_o she_o be_v of_o good_a fame_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o henry_n earl_n of_o kent_n be_v in_o speech_n and_o communication_n with_o her_o concern_v marriage_n the_o defendant_n preâ—â—issorum_fw-la non_fw-la ignarus_fw-la say_v these_o word_n arsoot_n have_v report_v that_o he_o have_v have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o lady_n morrisons_n body_n at_o his_o pleasure_n ubi_fw-la revera_fw-la arscot_n do_v never_o report_v it_o and_o allege_v that_o the_o earl_n of_o kent_n upon_o the_o hear_n of_o these_o word_n surcease_v his_o suit_n by_o which_o she_o lose_v her_o advancement_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a though_o speak_v upon_o the_o report_n of_o another_o for_o otherwise_o a_o man_n may_v malicious_o raise_v slanderous_a report_n of_o another_o and_o shall_v never_o be_v punish_v for_o it_o but_o in_o this_o case_n tanfield_n justice_n say_v that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_o 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thou_o be_v at_o london_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o only_a word_n of_o interrogation_n and_o the_o subsequent_a word_n viz._n the_o money_n thou_o stolle_v from_o i_o be_v a_o positive_a affirmation_n and_o baâ—tley_n iust._n then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v oftentimes_o adjudge_v that_o word_n of_o interrogation_n shall_v be_v take_v as_o a_o direct_a affirmation_n which_o jones_n just._n also_o agree_v and_o further_o say_v that_o this_o case_n have_v be_v adjudge_v one_o say_v to_o another_o actionable_a i_o dream_v this_o night_n that_o you_o steal_v a_o horse_n these_o word_n be_v adjudge_v actionable_a and_o he_o say_v that_o if_o these_o and_o the_o like_a word_n shall_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n a_o man_n may_v be_v as_o abusive_a as_o he_o please_v and_o by_o such_o subtle_a word_n as_o these_o always_o avoid_v a_o action_n and_o how_o i_o will_v put_v you_o a_o case_n or_o two_o where_o word_n which_o imply_v a_o affirmative_a shall_v be_v actionable_a one_o say_v of_o another_o bench._n he_o will_v prove_v he_o have_v steal_v his_o book_n in_o this_o case_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n be_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o they_o imply_v a_o affirmative_a and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o have_v steal_v his_o book_n and_o so_o if_o i_o will_v say_v of_o another_o that_o i_o will_v bring_v he_o before_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o he_o have_v steal_v etc._n etc._n though_o the_o first_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a yet_o the_o last_o be_v whitaerâ—s_v bring_v a_o action_n against_o lavington_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n i_o will_v prove_v that_o whytacre_n be_v for_o swear_v and_o that_o ten_o man_n can_v justify_v and_o i_o can_v prove_v he_o perjure_v if_o i_o will_v adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a slander_n to_o be_v report_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o one_o to_o prove_v one_o perjure_v and_o it_o be_v as_o a_o direct_a affirmance_n it_o will_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o vehement_a presumption_n bench._n that_o welby_n be_v a_o plotter_n and_o contriver_n of_o thomas_n powel_n death_n because_o he_o will_v not_o sell_v his_o land_n to_o the_o say_v welby_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v actionable_a and_o now_o i_o have_v show_v you_o the_o affirmative_a part_n where_o word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n life_n shall_v be_v actionable_a i_o shall_v now_o show_v unto_o you_o the_o negative_a part_n where_o word_n in_o such_o case_n shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a word_n that_o touch_v or_o concern_v a_o man_n life_n may_v not_o be_v actionable_a in_o these_o case_n where_o they_o be_v too_o general_a or_o not_o positive_o affirmative_a or_o of_o a_o double_a or_o indifferent_a meaning_n or_o doubtful_a in_o sense_n or_o for_o that_o they_o be_v incertain_a in_o themselves_o or_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v or_o else_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subsequent_a qualification_n of_o the_o word_n or_o because_o they_o do_v not_o import_v a_o act_n but_o a_o intent_n or_o inclination_n only_o to_o it_o or_o for_o that_o they_o be_v impossible_a or_o last_o because_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o can_v be_v no_o damage_n to_o the_o plaâ—ntiffe_n in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o word_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a and_o first_o word_n that_o be_v too_o general_a or_o not_o positive_o affirmative_a will_v not_o be_v actionable_a to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v hang_v bench._n adjudge_v not_o actionable_a because_o they_o be_v too_o general_a for_o that_o he_o do_v not_o show_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v do_v to_o deserve_v it_o and_o bâ—_n yeluerton_n justice_n he_o may_v deserve_v it_o for_o unnatural_a use_n of_o his_o parent_n and_o the_o like_a where_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o law_n cook_n lib._n 4._o f._n 15._o b._n yeoman_n and_o hext_n case_n for_o my_o ground_n in_o allerton_n hext_v seek_v my_o life_n adjudge_v not_o actionable_a because_o seek_v his_o life_n be_v to_o general_a for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n so_o if_o i_o say_v of_o another_o that_o it_o be_v in_o my_o power_n to_o hang_v he_o bench._n adjudge_v not_o actionable_a in_o prâ—dham_n and_o tuckers_n case_n cite_v before_o because_o the_o word_n be_v too_o general_a james_n steward_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o bâ—shop_n for_o say_v of_o he_o 196._o that_o he_o waâ—_n in_o warwick_n gaol_n for_o steal_v of_o a_o mare_n and_o other_o beast_n and_o adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n because_o they_o do_v not_o affirm_v direct_o that_o he_o do_v steal_v they_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o steal_v they_o and_o be_v in_o goal_n for_o it_o but_o only_o make_v report_n of_o his_o imprisonment_n and_o the_o suppose_a reason_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v that_o the_o warrant_n of_o mittimus_fw-la be_v for_o steal_v express_o as_o be_v the_o common_a form_n of_o make_v of_o the_o calendar_n of_o the_o prisoner_n for_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o the_o like_a georg_n blaâ—d_v bring_v a_o action_n against_o a._n b._n for_o say_v that_o he_o be_v indict_v for_o felony_n at_o such_o a_o session_n 289._o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o a_o indictment_n be_v but_o a_o surmise_n but_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v without_o question_n that_o no_o action_n wilâ—_n lie_v in_o such_o case_n because_o that_o to_o say_v a_o man_n be_v indict_v of_o felony_n be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o say_v he_o be_v impeach_v or_o accuse_v for_o felony_n which_o a_o honest_a man_n may_v be_v and_o be_v no_o positive_a affirmation_n
to_o poison_v or_o to_o murder_v i._o s._n that_o these_o shall_v be_v actionable_a for_o i_o think_v the_o like_a punishment_n be_v in_o these_o case_n as_o in_o the_o former_a which_o i_o conceive_v be_v only_o the_o good_a behaviour_n or_o at_o most_o indictable_a for_o it_o and_o thereupon_o fine_v and_o if_o a_o action_n shall_v lie_v in_o such_o case_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a quarrel_n breaker_n or_o perturber_n of_o the_o peace_n or_o that_o he_o be_v a_o rioter_n or_o the_o like_a will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o for_o these_o likewise_o the_o good_a behaviour_n be_v grantable_a and_o likewise_o a_o man_n may_v be_v indict_v for_o they_o therefore_o quaere_fw-la of_o the_o former_a case_n seven_o word_n which_o be_v apparent_o impossible_a will_v not_o be_v actionable_a benson_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o morley_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n thou_o have_v robe_a the_o church_n innuendo_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la sic_fw-la alhagi_n extra_fw-la creplegate_n london_n and_o have_v steal_v the_o lead_n of_o the_o church_n upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v intend_v the_o universal_a church_n and_o not_o any_o material_a church_n and_o the_o church_n militant_a can_v be_v rob_v and_o so_o the_o word_n be_v impossible_a but_o by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n and_o tanfield_n justice_n the_o action_n will_v well_o lie_v and_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v because_o the_o word_n in_o this_o case_n can_v be_v intend_v of_o a_o invisible_a church_n as_o be_v object_v but_o of_o a_o material_a church_n as_o be_v explain_v by_o the_o subsequent_a word_n and_o have_v steal_v the_o lead_n of_o the_o church_n which_o can_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o invisible_a church_n in_o this_o case_n reader_n you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v admit_v that_o to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o haâ—h_v rob_v the_o church_n general_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a because_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o invisible_a universal_a church_n and_o so_o the_o word_n impossible_a because_o that_o can_v be_v rob_v so_o i_o conceive_v to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o have_v rob_v a_o church_n will_v be_v actionable_a because_o this_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v understand_v of_o some_o particular_a material_a church_n dickes_n a_o brewer_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o fâ—nne_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n i_o will_v give_v a_o pick_n of_o malt_n to_o my_o marâ—_n and_o lead_v she_o to_o the_o water_n to_o drink_v and_o she_o shall_v piss_v as_o good_a beer_n as_o dickes_n do_v brâ—w_o adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o impossible_a and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v no_o scandal_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n britteridge_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o these_o word_n b._n britteridge_n be_v a_o perjure_a old_a knave_n and_o that_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o a_o stake_n part_v the_o land_n of_o h._n martin_n and_o m._n wright_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o stake_n can_v prove_v he_o perjure_v last_o where_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v no_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n there_o likewise_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v the_o plaintiff_n show_v in_o his_o count_n a_o that_o the_o defendant_n have_v a_o wife_n yet_o in_o life_n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n thou_o have_v kill_v my_o wife_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n declaration_n that_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o defendant_n be_v in_o life_n so_o that_o by_o these_o word_n the_o plaintiff_n can_v not_o be_v in_o any_o jeopardy_n nor_o scandal_v or_o damnify_v by_o they_o the_o like_a case_n be_v put_v in_o 〈◊〉_d thomas_n hâ—lt_n and_o tailor_n case_n pasch._n bench._n 5._o of_o king_n james_n if_o one_o say_v of_o a_o woman_n that_o she_o have_v murder_v her_o husband_n and_o she_o and_o her_o husband_n bring_v the_o action_n it_o will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n that_o the_o slander_n be_v not_o prejuditiall_a and_o as_o when_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n that_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v no_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v so_o where_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n may_v be_v a_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n yet_o if_o the_o ground_n of_o tâ—at_a damnification_n do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v a_o brâ—ught_v a_o action_n against_o b._n for_o say_v that_o he_o keep_v false_a wait_v by_o which_o he_o do_v cousin_n a._n etc._n etc._n and_o declare_v that_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n by_o buy_v and_o selâ—ing_v but_o do_v not_o show_v of_o what_o profession_n he_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o can_v appear_v without_o show_v of_o his_o profession_n that_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v any_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n a._n bring_v a_o action_n against_o b._n for_o these_o word_n pleas._n thou_o have_v kill_v my_o brother_n innuendo_fw-la g._n etc._n etc._n fratrem_fw-la etc._n etc._n nuper_fw-la mortuum_fw-la adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o aver_v that_o he_o be_v dead_a at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v and_o if_o he_o be_v live_v than_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v no_o slander_n or_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintif_a so_o where_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o welsh_a word_n or_o the_o like_o which_o be_v scandelous_a 236._o and_o do_v not_o aver_v or_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o be_v speak_v to_o one_o who_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o they_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n that_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v any_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o if_o they_o be_v speak_v to_o one_o that_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o they_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o they_o can_v be_v no_o scandal_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o rest_n only_o this_o one_o ground_n where_o word_n shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a and_o that_o be_v in_o this_o case_n when_o a_o man_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o crime_n or_o offence_n by_o scandalous_a word_n where_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n that_o he_o have_v notice_n or_o knowledge_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o occasion_n of_o the_o crime_n or_o offence_n in_o such_o case_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o such_o word_n bridge_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o those_o word_n he_o prefat_n bridges_n innuendo_fw-la be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o t'heeve_n and_o he_o keep_v none_o but_o thief_n in_o his_o â—ouse_n and_o i_o will_v prove_v it_o upon_o a_o write_v of_o error_n in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n it_o be_v hold_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o he_o may_v maintain_v thief_n without_o notice_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o judgement_n be_v reverse_v like_o the_o case_n in_o my_o lord_n hobart_n book_n where_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o another_o for_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n keep_v man_n which_o do_v rob_v upon_o the_o highway_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v they_o and_o not_o know_v they_o to_o be_v such_o person_n in_o the_o case_n of_o reade_n and_o saul_n which_o be_v mich._n 40._o eâ—_n 41._o of_o the_o queen_n plea_n this_o case_n be_v remember_v by_o walmesley_n justice_n a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n in_o that_o court_n for_o these_o word_n he_o mean_v the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o receiver_n of_o thief_n and_o he_o say_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n can_v have_v no_o judgement_n because_o that_o he_o may_v receive_v thief_n and_o yet_o not_o know_v they_o to_o be_v so_o a._n say_v of_o b._n that_o he_o keep_v false_a wait_v for_o which_o b._n bring_v his_o action_n pleas._n adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o he_o do_v use_v they_o and_o beside_o for_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v false_a wait_n and_o not_o know_v they_o to_o be_v so_o the_o case_n of_o miles_n and_o jacob_n cite_v before_o be_v likewise_o to_o this_o purpose_n 11._o where_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v for_o these_o word_n thou_o have_v poison_a smith_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o it_o do_v not_o
adjudge_v not_o actionable_a 9_o jac._n in_o the_o king_n bench_n bench._n the_o overseer_n of_o the_o poor_a have_v cozen_v the_o poor_a of_o all_o their_o bread_n this_o be_v likewise_o say_v to_o be_v adjudge_v not_o actionable_a but_o i_o do_v some_o what_o doubt_v of_o this_o case_n because_o the_o word_n do_v scandal_n the_o plaintiff_n in_o his_o office_n of_o overseer_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o office_n of_o burden_n and_o trouble_v and_o not_o of_o profit_n 26._o of_o the_o queen_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n kerby_n and_o welter_n case_n bench._n thou_o be_v a_o false_a knave_n and_o have_v cozen_v my_o two_o kinsman_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a 18._o of_o the_o queen_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n bench._n sergeant_n fenner_n have_v cozen_v i_o and_o all_o my_o kindred_n adjudge_v the_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n out_o of_o which_o case_n we_o may_v by_o the_o way_n observe_v this_o for_o law_n a._n that_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o a_o other_o without_o any_o precedent_a communication_n of_o his_o office_n place_n of_o trust_n or_o profession_n that_o he_o be_v accusen_v or_o a_o cheat_a knaveâ—_n or_o that_o he_o have_v cozen_v any_o man_n thus_o and_o thus_o that_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o such_o word_n general_o speak_v otherwise_o if_o they_o be_v speak_v in_o reference_n to_o a_o man_n office_n place_n of_o trust_n or_o profession_n and_o in_o the_o principal_a case_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o heath_n justice_n and_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n the_o other_o justice_n be_v absent_a that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o the_o word_n do_v scandal_n he_o in_o his_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o they_o say_v it_o be_v not_o material_a what_o employment_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v under_o the_o king_n if_o by_o the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n he_o may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o trust_n or_o employment_n bray_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o hayne_n and_o declare_v that_o where_o he_o have_v be_v bayly_n to_o sir_n william_n m._n kt._n for_o three_o year_n last_o pass_v of_o his_o land_n in_o c._n and_o have_v the_o sell_v of_o his_o corn_n and_o graine_n 93._o the_o defendant_n say_v these_o word_n unto_o he_o thou_o be_v a_o cozen_a knave_n and_o thou_o have_v cozen_v i_o in_o sell_v false_a measure_n in_o my_o barley_n and_o the_o country_n be_v bind_v to_o curse_v thou_o for_o sell_v with_o false_a measure_n and_o i_o will_v prove_v it_o etc._n etc._n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o every_o falsehood_n charge_v upon_o a_o man_n in_o his_o private_a deal_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o these_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o any_o sale_n of_o corn_n while_o he_o be_v in_o his_o office_n of_o bailiff_n before_o nor_o of_o his_o master_n corn_n nor_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o his_o master_n but_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o this_o case_n that_o if_o he_o have_v be_v a_o common_a rider_n or_o badger_n and_o have_v be_v charge_v with_o sell_v false_a measure_n it_o will_v have_v bear_v a_o action_n which_o be_v evident_a because_o it_o be_v a_o slander_n to_o he_o in_o his_o function_n by_o which_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n and_o my_o lord_n hobart_n put_v this_o case_n if_o a_o man_n say_v he_o have_v a_o bailiff_n to_o who_o he_o commit_v the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o his_o corn_n and_o grain_n and_o give_v he_o the_o great_a wage_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o trust_n and_o employment_n and_o charge_v he_o to_o have_v deceive_v he_o in_o his_o office_n by_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o false_a measure_n to_o his_o loss_n or_o damage_n this_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o this_o discredit_v he_o in_o his_o office_n and_o may_v not_o only_o because_o to_o put_v he_o out_o of_o that_o service_n but_o to_o be_v refuse_v of_o all_o other_o this_o case_n be_v evident_a reader_n because_o the_o word_n do_v charge_n he_o with_o sell_v with_o false_a measure_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o his_o office_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o sir_n george_n moor_n and_o foster_n case_n before_o cite_v these_o case_n be_v put_v by_o william_n justice_n if_o one_o say_v of_o a_o arbitrator_n that_o he_o have_v do_v corrupt_o and_o have_v take_v bribe_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v because_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o party_n themselves_o and_o not_o be_v swear_v such_o corruption_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o law_n nor_o can_v the_o countermaund_v of_o his_o power_n be_v any_o damage_n to_o he_o but_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o a_o wayer_n in_o a_o market_n or_o fair_a appoint_v to_o way_n betwixt_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n that_o he_o have_v do_v corrupt_o and_o have_v take_v bribe_n to_o make_v false_a wait_n a_o action_n lie_v for_o these_o word_n because_o he_o be_v a_o officer_n miles_n fleetwood_n general_n receiver_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n for_o the_o king_n 351._o bring_v a_o action_n against_o curbey_n for_o these_o word_n mr._n deceiver_n have_v deceive_v and_o cozen_v the_o king_n and_o deal_v falsâ—y_n with_o he_o adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v actionable_a the_o like_a case_n where_o one_o say_v of_o a_o auditor_n that_o he_o be_v a_o frauditor_n be_v adjudge_v actionable_a a_o action_n be_v â—rought_v for_o call_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n false_a justice_n of_o peace_n will_v his_o similia_fw-la 112â—_n i_o do_v conceve_v that_o theseword_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o though_o they_o do_v reâ—â—ect_v upon_o his_o office_n yet_o they_o be_v too_o general_a but_o the_o book_n say_v that_o these_o word_n his_o similia_fw-la be_v order_v to_o be_v expunge_v or_o draw_v ouâ—_n of_o the_o book_n for_o the_o incertainty_n and_o well_o they_o may_v indeed_o for_o certain_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v bring_v a_o action_n against_o another_o and_o shall_v declare_v that_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o be_v a_o rogue_n and_o a_o these_o or_o word_n like_o these_o or_o to_o this_o effect_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o the_o word_n upon_o the_o very_a face_n of_o the_o declaration_n be_v utter_o incertain_a the_o law_n afford_v very_o few_o case_n reader_n where_o word_n shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a that_o scandal_n a_o man_n in_o his_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n upon_o those_o ground_n which_o i_o have_v former_o lay_v down_o but_o note_v this_o that_o all_o those_o ground_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o be_v as_o a_o touchstone_n for_o all_o action_n for_o word_n whatsoever_o and_o therefore_o if_o you_o meet_v with_o scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_v a_o man_n in_o his_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n examine_v they_o by_o those_o rule_n if_o they_o be_v too_o general_a or_o not_o sufficient_o positive_a or_o if_o of_o a_o double_a intendment_n or_o doubtful_a in_o meaning_n or_o incertain_a in_o themselves_o or_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v or_o the_o like_a in_o such_o case_n they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a and_o therefore_o those_o rule_n ought_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v the_o four_o part_n of_o that_o general_a rule_n which_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o before_o and_o which_o in_o course_n i_o must_v now_o speak_v of_o be_v this_o that_o word_n speak_v of_o a_o man_n which_o scandal_n he_o in_o his_o profession_n or_o function_n by_o which_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n yardleys_n case_n 17._o there_o be_v a_o communication_n or_o discourse_n of_o he_o in_o his_o profession_n of_o attorney_n one_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o bribe_a knave_n box_n case_n 145._o one_o say_v of_o he_o be_v a_o attorney_n that_o he_o be_v a_o champertor_n byrchlyes_n case_n a_o attorney_n a._n there_o be_v speech_n of_o his_o deal_n in_o his_o profession_n one_o say_v to_o he_o you_o be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v a_o corrupt_a man_n and_o to_o deal_v corrupt_o adjudge_v in_o all_o these_o case_n that_o the_o word_n because_o they_o scandal_n a_o man_n in_o his_o profession_n by_o which_o he_o do_v acquire_v his_o live_n be_v actionable_a 188._o so_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n in_o thornton_n and_o jobsons_n case_n cite_v before_o to_o say_v of_o a_o attorney_n that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a barretor_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n dawtry_n a_o attorney_n in_o the_o court_n of_o ipswich_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o miles_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n dawtry_n be_v a_o knave_n and_o a_o cozen_a knave_n and_o he_o do_v take_v fee_n of_o both_o hand_n in_o a_o suit_n between_o i_o and_o greene_n and_o by_o knavery_n suffer_v i_o to_o be_v condemn_v at_o ipswich_n at_o green_n suit_n wilful_o be_v attorney_n for_o i_o the_o only_a word_n
case_n will_v beat_v it_o and_o it_o be_v usual_a so_o to_o do_v in_o these_o case_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o damage_n bramston_n chief_a justice_n in_o the_o argue_v of_o hawes_n case_n which_o i_o remember_v before_o take_v this_o for_o a_o rule_n bench._n that_o if_o word_n do_v import_v a_o scandal_n of_o themselves_o by_o which_o damage_n may_v accrue_v in_o such_o case_n the_o word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n without_o alledgeing_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n but_o now_o on_o the_o other_o side_n word_n which_o do_v not_o touch_v or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o any_o of_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n without_o alledgeing_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n word_n speak_v in_o scandal_n of_o a_o man_n title_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n without_o aver_v of_o a_o particular_a damage_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o case_n before_o cite_v upon_o that_o ground_n there_o be_v many_o word_n b_o which_o be_v word_n of_o passion_n and_o choler_n only_o as_o to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o be_v forswear_v general_o or_o that_o he_o be_v a_o villain_n or_o a_o rogue_n or_o a_o varlet_n averrement_n or_o the_o like_a these_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a of_o themselves_o yet_o i_o do_v conceive_v that_o in_o these_o case_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v with_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o there_o be_v other_o word_n which_o concern_v matter_n mere_o spiritual_a 54._o and_o determinable_a in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n only_o as_o for_o call_v of_o a_o man_n a_o bastard_n a_o heretic_n a_o scismatique_a a_o advoâ—uterer_n a_o fornicator_n or_o for_o call_v of_o a_o woman_n a_o whore_n or_o charge_v her_o witâ—_n any_o particular_a act_n of_o incontinency_n or_o the_o like_a yet_o in_o these_o case_n with_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o anne_n davies_n case_n cite_v before_o 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special_o that_o he_o be_v thereby_o damnify_v and_o have_v lose_v his_o credit_n so_o that_o none_o will_v trust_v he_o with_o such_o a_o averrement_n the_o action_n will_v have_v lie_v bench._n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o foreman_n of_o a_o shoemaker_n shop_n cite_v before_o for_o these_o word_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n who_o have_v he_o for_o he_o will_v cut_v he_o out_o of_o door_n the_o plaintiff_n aver_v that_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o these_o word_n inter_fw-la calâ—eareos_n be_v that_o he_o will_v beggar_v his_o master_n and_o make_v he_o run_v away_o and_o show_v a_o special_a damage_n by_o the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n and_o it_o be_v adjuge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v â—ie_v which_o i_o conceive_v be_v only_o for_o the_o particular_a damage_n for_o to_o say_v of_o a_o servant_n that_o he_o do_v cheer_n cousin_n or_o defraud_n or_o that_o he_o will_v beggar_v his_o master_n or_o the_o like_a will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n without_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o court_n that_o for_o some_o word_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v without_o a_o averrement_n of_o any_o particular_a damage_n as_o for_o call_v of_o a_o man_n thief_n traitor_n or_o the_o like_a and_o some_o word_n will_v noâ—_n bear_v a_o action_n without_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o keep_v his_o wife_n base_o and_o starve_v she_o these_o word_n of_o themselves_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n but_o if_o the_o party_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v be_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o another_o and_o by_o these_o word_n be_v hinder_v in_o such_o case_n with_o a_o averrement_n of_o the_o particular_a damage_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v so_o likewise_o in_o the_o case_n of_o dickes_n and_o fenne_n which_o i_o also_o cite_v before_o bench._n where_o one_o say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o brewer_n that_o he_o will_v give_v a_o peck_n of_o malt_n to_o his_o mare_n and_o â—ead_a she_o to_o the_o water_n to_o drink_v and_o she_o shall_v piss_v as_o good_a beer_n as_o the_o plaintiff_n brew_v it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o word_n themselves_o be_v not_o actionable_a because_o of_o the_o impossibility_n of_o they_o but_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o court_n that_o if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o special_a damage_n allege_v as_o loss_n of_o custom_n or_o the_o like_a the_o action_n will_v have_v lie_v haw_n case_v cite_v likewise_o before_o bench._n one_o say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o have_v speak_v against_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o church_n for_o which_o he_o bring_v his_o action_n and_o show_v how_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n by_o the_o defendant_n he_o be_v cite_v in_o to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o have_v pay_v and_o expend_v several_a sum_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n themselves_o be_v not_o actionable_a because_o if_o they_o have_v be_v true_a they_o charge_v he_o only_o with_o a_o offence_n against_o a_o penal_a law_n which_o do_v not_o inflict_v corporal_a punishment_n but_o for_o non_fw-fr payment_n of_o the_o penalty_n but_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o for_o the_o particular_a damage_n the_o action_n will_v lie_v and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v heath_n and_o mallet_n justice_n but_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n the_o other_o justice_n be_v absent_a be_v of_o a_o contrary_a judgement_n and_o he_o take_v this_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o if_o the_o word_n do_v not_o import_v a_o scandal_n in_o themselves_o as_o he_o conceive_v they_o do_v not_o in_o this_o case_n in_o such_o case_n the_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n shall_v not_o make_v they_o actionable_a but_o with_o all_o due_a respect_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o learned_a judge_n i_o do_v conceive_v that_o the_o word_n be_v in_o themselves_o scandalous_a because_o that_o they_o do_v charge_v a_o man_n with_o faction_n and_o opposition_n to_o establish_a law_n and_o settle_a government_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o in_o themselves_o scandalous_a yet_o i_o conceive_v according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o reverend_a judge_n that_o for_o the_o damage_n only_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o otherwise_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v suffer_v through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o be_v without_o remedy_n which_o i_o conceive_v the_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v but_o i_o submit_v this_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a reader_n last_o word_n which_o charge_v a_o man_n with_o any_o dangerous_a infectious_a diseasâ—_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o separate_v himself_o or_o to_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o law_n from_o the_o society_n of_o man_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o have_v the_o french_a pox_n 17._o a_o action_n will_v lie_v taylor_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o packins_o for_o these_o word_n thou_o be_v not_o worthy_a to_o come_v into_o any_o honest_a man_n company_n bench._n thou_o be_v a_o leprous_a knave_n and_o a_o leper_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o that_o it_o be_v cause_n of_o separation_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man._n so_o by_o tanfield_n justice_n to_o say_v that_o one_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o french_a pox_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n but_o to_o say_v that_o one_o hâ—th_v the_o fall_a sickness_n be_v not_o actionable_a except_o that_o it_o disable_v he_o in_o his_o profession_n as_o to_o say_v that_o a_o lawyer_n have_v the_o fall_a sickness_n a_o action_n lie_v because_o that_o it_o disable_v he_o for_o his_o business_n upon_o this_o ground_n i_o conceive_v to_o
say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o plague_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o this_o also_o be_v a_o dangerous_a infectious_a disease_n and_o a_o cause_n of_o separation_n i_o have_v now_o finish_v my_o task_n of_o show_v you_o what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o and_o yet_o reader_n i_o shall_v not_o end_v this_o treatise_n here_o for_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n not_o worthy_a the_o know_v which_o i_o can_v not_o apt_o introduce_v before_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v omit_v there_o be_v two_o thing_n or_o ground_n very_o remarkable_a in_o all_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n first_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la the_o ground_n or_o occasion_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n and_o that_o must_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n or_o communication_n concern_v the_o plaintiff_n or_o else_o out_o of_o the_o relation_n that_o the_o word_n themselves_o have_v to_o the_o defendant_n or_o 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of_o n._n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n etc._n etc._n for_o these_o word_n it_o be_v no_o marvill_a that_o you_o like_v not_o of_o i_o for_o you_o like_v of_o those_o that_o maintain_v sedition_n against_o the_o queen_n proceed_n the_o defendant_n plead_v a_o special_a justification_n in_o effect_n thus_o that_o the_o defendant_n be_v vicar_n of_o n._n the_o plaintiff_n procure_v i._n t._n and_o i._n p._n to_o preach_v there_o who_o in_o their_o sermon_n envey_v against_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v superstitious_a wherefore_o the_o defendant_n inhibit_v they_o for_o they_o have_v no_o licence_n nor_o authority_n to_o preach_v yet_o they_o proceed_v through_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v to_o the_o defendant_n thou_o be_v a_o false_a varleâ—_n i_o like_v not_o of_o thou_o to_o who_o the_o defendant_n say_v it_o be_v no_o marvill_a though_o you_o like_v not_o of_o i_o for_o you_o like_v of_o those_o mean_v the_o aforesaid_a i._n t._n and_o i._o d._n that_o maintain_v sedition_n mean_v that_o seditious_a doctrine_n against_o the_o queen_n proceed_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o justification_n be_v good_a for_o though_o that_o in_o this_o case_n take_v the_o word_n single_o of_o themselves_o as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v declare_v they_o may_v have_v be_v actionable_a because_o that_o then_o they_o can_v not_o be_v construe_v otherwise_o then_o of_o a_o public_a and_o violent_a sedition_n as_o the_o word_n itself_o do_v import_v yet_o now_o the_o ground_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o word_n appear_v by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o defendant_n do_v not_o intend_v any_o public_a or_o violent_a sedition_n but_o only_o that_o sedition_n doctrine_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o queen_n viz._n the_o statute_n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la primo_fw-la by_o which_o the_o common_a prayer_n be_v establish_v and_o god_n forbid_v say_v the_o book_n that_o word_n by_o a_o strict_a and_o grammatical_a construction_n shall_v be_v take_v contrary_a to_o the_o manifest_a intent_n of_o the_o speaker_n therefore_o it_o be_v rule_v upon_o the_o coherence_n of_o all_o the_o word_n that_o the_o justification_n be_v good_a and_o so_o the_o word_n not_o actionable_a and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v rule_v that_o if_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o another_o for_o call_v of_o he_o murderer_n and_o the_o defendant_n will_v say_v that_o he_o be_v speak_v with_o the_o plaintiff_n of_o unlawful_a hunt_n and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n confess_v that_o he_o have_v kill_v divers_a hare_n with_o certain_a engine_n to_o who_o the_o defendant_n answer_v and_o say_v thou_o be_v a_o murderer_n mean_v the_o kill_n of_o the_o say_a hare_n that_o this_o be_v a_o good_a justification_n and_o so_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o word_n not_o actionable_a byrchley_n a_o attorney_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o one_o for_o these_o word_n 1._o you_o be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v a_o corrupt_a man_n and_o to_o deal_v corrupt_o resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v rule_v that_o if_o the_o precedent_a speech_n have_v be_v that_o byrchley_n be_v a_o usurer_n or_o that_o he_o be_v executor_n of_o another_o and_o will_v not_o perform_v the_o testament_n and_o upon_o this_o the_o defendant_n have_v say_v these_o word_n upon_o a_o special_a justificatioâ—â—_n as_o aforesaid_a they_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n banister_n and_o banister_n case_v resolve_v that_o if_o i_o call_v a_o heir_n a_o bastard_n a._n a_o action_n will_v lie_v but_o if_o the_o defendant_n pretend_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o bastard_n and_o that_o he_o be_v next_o heir_n there_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v plain_a because_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la or_o the_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o these_o word_n be_v not_o to_o defame_v the_o title_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o only_o to_o justify_v the_o title_n of_o defendant_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o one_o to_o speak_v in_o justification_n of_o his_o own_o title_n though_o he_o do_v thereby_o seem_v to_o slander_v the_o title_n of_o another_o man_n agree_v with_o this_o case_n be_v gilbert_n gerrard_n case_n cite_v before_o molton_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o clapham_n and_o declare_v how_o that_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n pend_v in_o this_o court_n betwixt_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n bench._n upon_o read_v of_o certain_a affidavid_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o court_n the_o defendant_n say_v open_o in_o presentâ—â—_n &_o auditu_fw-la justiciariorum_n &_o juris_fw-la peritorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n true_a in_o the_o affidavid_n which_o i_o will_v prove_v by_o forty_o witness_n and_o allege_v that_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v malitiose_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o court_n that_o they_o be_v not_o actionable_a because_o as_o they_o be_v usual_a word_n 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shall_v observe_v unto_o you_o that_o the_o defendant_n in_o these_o case_n may_v take_v the_o general_a issue_n if_o he_o will_v viz._n that_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v allege_v and_o so_o give_v in_o evidence_n the_o coherence_n and_o connection_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o they_o and_o have_v they_o special_o find_v if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v necessary_a or_o the_o defendant_n may_v as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v justify_v the_o speak_n of_o other_o word_n and_o traverse_v the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n and_o so_o likewise_o upon_o the_o evidence_n have_v the_o word_n special_o find_v and_o hereupon_o where_o the_o special_a find_n of_o the_o jury_n will_v warrant_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o maintain_v the_o action_n and_o where_o not_o may_v be_v very_o questionable_a and_o worthy_a
the_o know_v the_o defendant_n plea_n be_v that_o which_o must_v guide_v we_o in_o these_o case_n if_o he_o plead_v not_o guilty_a the_o word_n be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v allege_v and_o if_o the_o justify_v the_o speak_n of_o other_o word_n and_o traverse_v the_o word_n in_o question_n he_o do_v it_o thus_o absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la that_o he_o speak_v the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v allege_v now_o where_o the_o word_n that_o be_v find_v by_o the_o jury_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o agree_v modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la with_o the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n this_o be_v the_o question_n here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o ground_n that_o where_o the_o word_n that_o be_v find_v do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o declaration_n in_o the_o substantial_a and_o essential_a form_n that_o in_o such_o case_n they_o do_v not_o warrant_v the_o declaration_n but_o 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form_n as_o they_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o his_o declaration_n be_v the_o question_n resolve_v against_o the_o defendant_n and_o upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n the_o court_n also_o incline_v against_o the_o defendant_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v in_o effect_v the_o same_o and_o the_o form_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o essential_a form_n not_o according_a to_o every_o word_n here_o you_o have_v the_o ground_n lay_v down_o before_o yet_o the_o book_n say_v that_o pasch._n 16._o though_o the_o court_n incline_v that_o either_o of_o the_o word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n yet_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o find_v so_o absolute_a as_o the_o declaration_n neither_o move_v credit_n in_o the_o ear_n so_o full_o which_o be_v the_o force_n of_o a_o slander_n and_o then_o they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o word_n in_o force_n and_o effect_n as_o if_o the_o word_n be_v lay_v i_o know_v he_o to_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o it_o be_v 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for_o scandalous_a tongue_n to_o slander_v a_o man_n at_o pleasure_n and_o yet_o no_o action_n lie_v which_o be_v very_o mischievous_a therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o reader_n fenner_n against_o mutton_n in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n bench._n which_o be_v thus_o nicholas_n fenner_n procure_v 8._o or_o 10._o of_o his_o neighbour_n to_o perjure_v themselves_o the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o the_o jury_n find_v that_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o nicholas_n fenner_n have_v cause_v 8._o or_o 10._o of_o his_o neighbour_n to_o prejure_v themselves_o and_o if_o this_o verdict_n be_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o the_o defendant_n be_v the_o question_n and_o the_o doubt_n be_v whether_o this_o word_n cause_n amount_v to_o as_o much_o as_o procure_v tanfield_n justice_n seem_v that_o it_o do_v not_o for_o he_o may_v be_v a_o remote_a cause_n as_o causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la and_o yet_o no_o procurer_n as_o if_o a_o notary_n write_v a_o writing_n and_o put_v to_o this_o a_o seal_n and_o another_o take_v it_o and_o forge_n and_o publish_v it_o the_o writer_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o this_o be_v forge_v and_o yet_o no_o procurer_n of_o it_o i_o find_v no_o judgement_n in_o this_o case_n therefore_o quaere_fw-la of_o it_o chipsam_fw-la against_o jeeke_n for_o these_o word_n chipsam_fw-la be_v a_o thief_n bench._n for_o he_o have_v steal_v a_o lamb_n from_o a._n and_o goose_n from_o b._n and_o kill_v they_o in_o my_o ground_n issue_n be_v join_v whether_o the_o defendant_n speak_v the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n find_v that_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o thief_n for_o he_o have_v steal_v a_o lamb_n from_o a._n and_o kill_v it_o in_o my_o ground_n but_o they_o find_v that_o he_o speak_v nothing_o of_o the_o goose_n yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o find_n of_o the_o jury_n do_v well_o warrant_v the_o 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they_o etc._n etc._n issue_n be_v join_v whether_o the_o defendant_n speak_v the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la and_o the_o jury_n fonnd_v that_o he_o speak_v these_o word_n viz._n man_n can_v have_v their_o cattle_n go_v upon_o the_o common_a but_o john_n barbar_n and_o his_o child_n will_v kill_v they_o with_o barber_n dog_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v adjudge_v for_o the_o defendant_n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a because_o the_o word_n find_v by_o the_o jury_n do_v vary_v in_o the_o essential_a and_o substantial_a form_n from_o the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n for_o the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n do_v charge_v the_o plaintiff_n with_o tneft_n for_o which_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v but_o the_o word_n find_v by_o the_o jury_n charge_n he_o only_o with_o trespass_n for_o