palace_n which_o they_o call_v king_n arthur_n chair_n on_o the_o west_n there_o be_v a_o steep_a rock_n and_o on_o the_o rock_n a_o great_a tower_n which_o the_o scot_n do_v common_o call_v the_o maiden_n tower_n which_o be_v the_o same_o which_o ptolemie_n call_v the_o winge_a castle_n there_o be_v also_o other_o city_n and_o famous_a town_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o we_o will_v describe_v particular_o in_o their_o place_n in_o the_o valley_n there_o be_v many_o lake_n marsh_n fountain_n and_o river_n full_a of_o fish_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n grampius_n of_o which_o we_o will_v make_v mention_n in_o our_o next_o description_n sea_n the_o scottish_a sea_n be_v full_a of_o oyster_n port_n herring_n coral_n and_o shellfish_n of_o divers_a kind_n scotland_n have_v many_o havens_n &_o bayes_n among_o which_o letha_n be_v a_o most_o convenient_a haven_n mountain_n the_o country_n itself_o be_v very_o rugged_a and_o mountainous_a and_o on_o 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write_n and_o manuscript_n but_o also_o temple_n friaries_n monastery_n wâ—â—ks_n hospital_n and_o other_o place_n devote_v to_o religion_n do_v testify_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v not_o the_o last_o 4â—1_n among_o the_o europaean_o who_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o do_v observe_v and_o reverence_v it_o above_o other_o the_o royal_a palace_n of_o edinburgh_n of_o which_o i_o speak_v before_o be_v very_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n be_v their_o capitol_n or_o parliamenthouse_n the_o duke_n earl_n baron_n and_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v their_o palace_n in_o the_o city_n when_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n the_o city_n itself_o be_v not_o build_v of_o brick_n but_o of_o free_a square_a stone_n so_o that_o the_o several_a house_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o great_a palace_n but_o enough_o of_o this_o let_v we_o pass_v to_o other_o thing_n the_o people_n of_o scotland_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o rank_n or_o order_n the_o nobility_n the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laiety_n the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n have_v two_o archbishop_n one_o of_o s._n andrew_n government_n primate_n of_o all_o scotland_n the_o other_o of_o glasco_n there_o be_v eight_o bishopric_n under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saint_n andrew_n of_o dunkeld_n of_o aberdon_n of_o murray_n of_o dunblan_n of_o brecchin_n of_o rosse_n of_o cathanes_n and_o of_o orkney_n under_o the_o bishop_n of_o gallowaâ—_n glasgo_n there_o be_v three_o to_o wit_n the_o bishop_n of_o candida_fw-la casa_fw-la the_o bishop_n of_o argile_n argadia_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o isle_n namely_o sura_n mura_n yla_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n son_n lawful_o beget_v have_v the_o first_o place_n of_o which_o if_o there_o be_v many_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v call_v prince_n of_o scotland_n the_o rest_n be_v only_o call_v prince_n but_o when_o the_o king_n be_v public_o crown_v he_o promise_v to_o all_o the_o people_n that_o he_o will_v keep_v and_o observe_v the_o law_n rite_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o use_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o do_v the_o duke_n have_v the_o second_o place_n the_o earl_n the_o three_o and_o those_o noble_n the_o four_o place_n who_o be_v not_o know_v by_o that_o title_n in_o foreign_a country_n but_o the_o scot_n do_v call_v they_o my_o lord_n this_o name_n be_v so_o much_o esteem_v among_o they_o that_o for_o honour_n sake_n they_o attribute_v it_o to_o their_o bishop_n earl_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n in_o the_o five_o place_n be_v the_o knight_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v usual_o call_v lord_n they_o be_v in_o the_o six_o and_o last_o place_n who_o have_v attain_v to_o no_o title_n of_o honour_n but_o yet_o descend_v from_o a_o noble_a family_n be_v therefore_o common_o call_v gentleman_n as_o the_o brother_n and_o son_n of_o earl_n and_o lord_n the_o young_a son_n of_o knight_n who_o have_v no_o part_n in_o the_o inheritance_n because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n that_o come_v unto_o the_o elder_a son_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o family_n but_o the_o common_a people_n call_v all_o those_o gentleman_n who_o be_v either_o rich_a or_o well_o speak_v of_o for_o their_o hospitality_n the_o whole_a weight_n of_o war_n do_v depend_v on_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o low_a degree_n the_o plebeian_n or_o citizen_n be_v partly_o chief_a man_n who_o bear_v office_n in_o their_o city_n partly_o merchant_n and_o partly_o tradesman_n or_o handycraftesman_n all_o which_o because_o they_o be_v free_a from_o tribute_n and_o other_o burden_n do_v easy_o grow_v rich_a and_o lest_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v too_o heavy_o enact_v against_o any_o city_n the_o king_n permit_v that_o in_o public_a assembly_n or_o parliament_n three_o or_o four_o citizen_n be_v call_v out_o of_o every_o city_n shall_v free_o interpose_v their_o opinion_n concern_v matter_n propound_v heretofore_o the_o clergy_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o decree_n &_o counsel_n but_o now_o as_o the_o rest_n they_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o law_n which_o the_o king_n have_v devise_v or_o confirm_v by_o their_o royal_a assent_n the_o book_n which_o contain_v the_o municipal_a law_n write_v in_o latin_a be_v entitle_v regius_fw-la majestas_fw-la the_o king_n majesty_n because_o the_o book_n begin_v with_o those_o word_n in_o the_o other_o book_n of_o the_o law_n the_o act_n of_o their_o counsel_n which_o be_v call_v parliament_n be_v write_v in_o scotch_a there_o be_v many_o and_o divers_a magistrate_n in_o scotland_n as_o in_o other_o nation_n among_o these_o the_o chief_a and_o next_o to_o the_o king_n be_v the_o protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o they_o call_v the_o governor_n he_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o commonwealth_n at_o any_o time_n be_v deprive_v of_o her_o king_n or_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tender_a age_n can_v manage_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o a_o continual_a senate_n at_o edenburrough_n so_o frame_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n that_o the_o clergy_n do_v in_o number_n equal_v the_o laiety_n the_o clergy_n have_v a_o precedent_n over_o they_o who_o have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n unless_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v present_a for_o he_o have_v the_o chief_a place_n in_o all_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o that_o sit_v on_o matter_n of_o life_n and_o death_n they_o call_v the_o great_a justice_n he_o that_o look_v to_o sea-matter_n the_o admiral_n he_o that_o look_v to_o the_o camp_n the_o marshal_n and_o he_o that_o punish_v offence_n commit_v in_o the_o court_n be_v call_v the_o constable_n there_o be_v also_o in_o several_a province_n which_o they_o call_v viecounty_n those_o which_o be_v governor_n of_o they_o who_o by_o a_o ancient_a name_n they_o call_v viscount_n their_o authority_n in_o decide_v those_o matter_n which_o belong_v to_o civil_a cause_n do_v depend_v on_o a_o certain_a hereditary_a right_n by_o which_o they_o claim_v also_o unto_o themselves_o those_o vicountship_n so_o that_o these_o viscount_n may_v be_v say_v not_o to_o be_v create_v by_o the_o king_n but_o bear_v unto_o it_o by_o right_a from_o their_o parent_n the_o city_n also_o and_o town_n have_v their_o governor_n their_o bailiff_n and_o other_o magistrate_n of_o that_o kind_n who_o keep_v the_o citizen_n in_o obedience_n and_o do_v maintain_v and_o defend_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o scotland_n by_o the_o apt_a disposition_n and_o rank_v of_o degree_n by_o the_o holy_a majesty_n of_o law_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o magistrate_n do_v flourish_v and_o deserve_v great_a praise_n these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n earldom_n
do_v most_o clear_o appear_v a_o knight_n say_v this_o author_n or_o a_o chevalier_n shall_v be_v thus_o create_v of_o one_o that_o be_v a_o squire_n before_o and_o bear_v arm_n in_o his_o escutcheon_n if_o he_o have_v long_o follow_v the_o war_n exercise_v arm_n be_v present_a at_o many_o conflict_n have_v sufficient_a mean_n to_o maintain_v the_o state_n of_o his_o degree_n and_o come_v of_o a_o great_a noble_a and_o rich_a family_n then_o in_o any_o skirmish_n he_o shall_v make_v know_v his_o request_n to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n or_o to_o some_o valiant_a generous_a knight_n and_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v end_v he_o shall_v come_v unto_o the_o say_a general_n or_o knight_n and_o entreat_v he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n and_o s._n george_n to_o give_v he_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n whereupon_o he_o shall_v draw_v out_o his_o sword_n and_o strike_v he_o thrice_o with_o it_o say_v i_o make_v thou_o a_o knight_n or_o chevalier_n in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n and_o s._n george_n faithful_o to_o defend_v the_o faith_n justice_n the_o church_n widow_n and_o orphan_n but_o if_o the_o supplicant_n although_o he_o be_v valiant_a yet_o be_v poor_a he_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v unless_o so_o much_o yearly_a revenue_n be_v assign_v and_o give_v unto_o he_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o preserve_v and_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o his_o order_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o nobility_n arise_v from_o the_o low_a a_o military_a tribune_n call_v even_o banderhee_a shall_v be_v make_v of_o a_o knight_n if_o have_v long_o follow_v the_o war_n he_o have_v land_n and_o revenue_n enough_o to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v fifty_o gentleman_n in_o pay_n that_o be_v one_o band_n of_o horse_n man_n which_o shall_v follow_v his_o colour_n in_o the_o war_n for_o no_o man_n can_v set_v up_o a_o colour_n or_o standard_n of_o his_o own_o unless_o he_o can_v bring_v into_o the_o field_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n a_o troop_n or_o band_n at_o the_o least_o of_o fifty_o gentleman_n who_o receive_v pay_v from_o he_o a_o baron_n may_v be_v create_v of_o a_o knight_n or_o also_o of_o a_o noble_a squire_n which_o have_v four_o castle_n in_o his_o dominion_n and_o all_o power_n within_o himself_o for_o then_o the_o king_n may_v confer_v a_o baronrie_n upon_o he_o yet_o he_o can_v give_v he_o this_o honour_n unless_o he_o have_v behave_v himself_o valiant_o in_o the_o war_n therefore_o after_o the_o first_o conflict_n or_o battle_n he_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n after_o the_o second_o a_o military_a tribune_n and_o after_o the_o three_o a_o baron_n the_o degree_n of_o a_o earl_n be_v the_o next_o and_o first_o a_o earl_n of_o the_o march_n who_o we_o call_v a_o marquesse_n that_o be_v marcgrave_n and_o he_o may_v be_v create_v one_o who_o have_v two_o or_o three_o barony_n include_v in_o one_o dukedom_n and_o that_o by_o the_o duke_n in_o who_o precinct_n they_o lie_v he_o may_v be_v make_v a_o provincial_n earl_n that_o be_v a_o landgrave_n who_o have_v four_o barony_n in_o one_o dukedom_n by_o the_o duke_n or_o the_o king_n by_o the_o instance_n or_o permission_n of_o the_o duke_n he_o may_v be_v make_v a_o viscount_n who_o have_v five_o county_n or_o more_o within_o one_o dukedom_n or_o which_o be_v join_v together_o by_o vicinity_n of_o situation_n and_o by_o the_o king_n permission_n he_o may_v be_v create_v by_o the_o duke_n with_o great_a solemnity_n but_o if_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v present_a the_o principality_n be_v more_o honourable_a the_o duke_n who_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o a_o earl_n must_v first_o possess_v in_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o be_v crown_v four_o principal_a county_n and_o must_v have_v in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o four_o other_o county_n or_o barony_n which_o must_v be_v bind_v to_o do_v fealty_n and_o service_n to_o they_o but_o he_o must_v be_v crown_v by_o the_o king_n or_o emperor_n who_o subject_n he_o be_v his_o hat_n be_v adorn_v with_o pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n in_o the_o most_o flourish_a city_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o that_o in_o a_o great_a assembly_n of_o prince_n duke_n earl_n and_o baron_n a_o solemn_a festival_n be_v also_o hold_v as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n as_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n he_o that_o be_v to_o be_v king_n must_v have_v four_o dukedom_n lie_v near_o together_o subject_a unto_o he_o and_o in_o every_o dukedom_n four_o city_n which_o he_o alone_o govern_v in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o four_o city_n one_o archbishop_n and_o under_o every_o one_o of_o these_o again_o ten_o provincial_n bishop_n he_o be_v endow_v and_o adorn_v with_o these_o dominion_n and_o dignity_n shall_v come_v unto_o the_o emperor_n majesty_n as_o to_o his_o superior_a or_o shall_v invite_v he_o by_o a_o honourable_a embassage_n to_o come_v unto_o he_o and_o so_o desire_v to_o be_v crown_v by_o he_o but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o late_a manner_n of_o elect_v the_o king_n and_o other_o prince_n for_o as_o long_o as_o those_o wander_a nation_n of_o the_o goth_n vandal_n longobarde_n and_o many_o other_o do_v bring_v in_o their_o king_n with_o they_o they_o do_v not_o measure_v the_o royal_a dignity_n by_o large_a possession_n of_o land_n but_o by_o the_o multitude_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o people_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o choice_n of_o duke_n who_o first_o begin_v to_o be_v institute_v by_o longinus_n governor_n of_o ravenna_n in_o the_o year_n 569_o and_o afterward_o by_o the_o longobard_n than_o for_o their_o valour_n and_o wise_a achievement_n add_v to_o this_o that_o which_o paulus_n aemilius_n witness_v namely_o that_o duke_n and_o earl_n be_v in_o the_o beginning_n make_v prefect_n by_o the_o king_n over_o nation_n and_o city_n on_o this_o condition_n only_o that_o as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v occasion_n they_o shall_v be_v dismiss_v or_o change_v now_o how_o can_v the_o afore_o say_v law_n of_o create_a prince_n which_o be_v measure_v by_o and_o do_v claim_v the_o hereditary_a possession_n of_o land_n be_v in_o force_n at_o that_o time_n see_v dukedom_n and_o county_n be_v confer_v by_o king_n and_o emperor_n as_o a_o temporary_a bounty_n therefore_o though_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o they_o can_v be_v show_v for_o that_o french_a book_n do_v mention_v nothing_o of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o under_o otto_n the_o second_o emperor_n or_o about_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o or_o a_o little_a after_o that_o manner_n of_o constitute_v and_o confirm_v dignity_n be_v ordain_v by_o the_o monarch_n for_o even_o until_o otto_n the_o second_o every_o prince_n according_a to_o his_o power_n and_o ambition_n do_v aspire_v to_o great_a dignity_n and_o royal_a majesty_n so_o out_o of_o one_o kingdom_n of_o lotharingia_n or_o lorreine_a which_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o rhine_n even_o to_o the_o river_n scaldis_n be_v bound_v with_o the_o friesland_n sea_n and_o belong_v to_o lotharius_n the_o son_n of_o lodovicus_n pius_n more_o kingdom_n do_v afterward_o arise_v namely_o the_o transjurane_n burgundy_n which_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o mountain_n jura_n even_o to_o the_o alps_n do_v contain_v all_o helvetia_n the_o rauraci_n the_o allobroges_n and_o the_o transjurane_n burgundian_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o provence_n which_o do_v certain_a some_o part_n of_o burgundy_n and_o sabaudia_n and_o be_v afterward_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arelatum_n of_o which_o at_o this_o day_n the_o elector_n of_o trevers_n be_v call_v the_o archchanâ—â—liour_n it_o do_v also_o contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o lotharingia_n now_o also_o call_v lotharingia_n and_o other_o kingdom_n between_o the_o rhine_n and_o scaldis_n even_o to_o the_o friesland_n sea_n and_o heretofore_o it_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n austrasia_n again_o this_o kingdom_n of_o lotharingia_n charles_n the_o bald_a and_o his_o brother_n lodovick_n do_v part_n between_o they_o both_o of_o they_o preserve_v the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n in_o all_o place_n i_o omit_v the_o other_o kingdom_n which_o spring_v up_o in_o that_o agely_fw-mi the_o desire_n and_o asseciation_n of_o sovereignty_n but_o the_o emperor_n otto_n the_o second_o do_v divide_v lotharingia_n have_v take_v away_o the_o name_n of_o a_o kingdom_n into_o nine_o dukedom_n and_o earldom_n as_o it_o be_v into_o member_n pull_v and_o separate_v from_o the_o body_n as_o cuspinian_n have_v it_o and_o have_v make_v a_o division_n thereof_o anno_fw-la 981_o be_v first_o make_v charles_n the_o brother_n of_o lotharius_n king_n of_o france_n duke_n of_o that_o country_n which_o be_v now_o call_v lotharingia_n aâ—_n richardus_fw-la wissenburgius_n do_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a it_o seem_v that_o after_o that_o time_n the_o arâ—itrarie_a
and_o the_o most_o famous_a city_n in_o the_o world_n in_o ptolemy_n time_n it_o be_v call_v aeâ—ia_n capatolia_n and_o now_o the_o barbarous_a inhabitant_n do_v call_v it_o coz_n or_o godz_n or_o chutz_n there_o be_v also_o other_o town_n and_o famous_a place_n in_o judaea_n beside_o jerusalem_n as_o jericho_n joppe_v which_o be_v now_o call_v iâ—ffa_n stratoes_n tower_n afterward_o call_v caesar_n tower_n also_o bethlehem_n chebron_n or_o hebron_n before_o call_v arbee_n and_o mambre_n and_o cariatharbe_n that_o be_v the_o city_n of_o four_o man_n and_o the_o town_n macherus_n with_o a_o strong_a castle_n beyond_o jordane_n â—ere_z be_v also_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n which_o be_v destroy_v for_o their_o abominable_a wickedness_n samaria_n follow_v which_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o middle_n between_o judaea_n and_o galilee_n it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o amri_n king_n of_o israel_n build_v it_o be_v now_o call_v sebaste_n here_o be_v these_o town_n sichem_n afterward_o call_v neapolis_n also_o capernaum_n bethsaida_n and_o chorazin_n galiley_n be_v situate_a beweene_v the_o mountain_n libaâ—us_n and_o samaria_n and_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a and_o the_o low_a the_o high_a be_v otherwise_o call_v the_o galiley_n of_o the_o gentile_n near_o to_o tyre_n the_o low_a be_v situate_a by_o the_o sea_n of_o tiberias_n or_o genezareth_n the_o city_n in_o it_o be_v naim_n cana_n nazareth_n and_o gadara_n butthe_n whole_a country_n be_v situate_a between_o two_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n jordane_n it_o have_v many_o lake_n which_o be_v navigable_a and_o have_v great_a store_n of_o good_a fish_n but_o the_o river_n jordane_n which_o the_o hebrew_n call_v jarden_n run_v through_o all_o the_o length_n of_o this_o country_n this_o river_n as_o hierome_n write_v issue_v from_o two_o fountain_n not_o far_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o namely_o â—or_a and_o dan_n and_o afterward_o these_o two_o fork_a stream_n join_v together_o do_v make_v the_o river_n jordan_n it_o have_v two_o chief_a mountain_n hermon_n on_o the_o east_n and_o tabor_n on_o the_o west_n which_o be_v very_o high_a and_o all_o the_o other_o mountain_n be_v but_o arm_n and_o part_n of_o they_o for_o ebal_n bethoron_n and_o misha_n or_o maspha_n and_o beâ—el_n by_o hermon_n gelboe_n gerizim_n sarona_n and_o last_o carmel_n near_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v but_o part_n of_o the_o mountain_n tabor_n there_o be_v also_o these_o mountain_n mount_v zion_n mount_n moriah_n mount_n olivet_n mount_n calvary_n and_o other_o it_o have_v also_o many_o wood_n wilderness_n and_o grove_n here_o be_v many_o fair_a building_n and_o especial_o at_o jerusalem_n but_o of_o all_o those_o work_n which_o be_v famous_a in_o ancient_a time_n the_o chief_a be_v mons_fw-la domus_fw-la and_o the_o jebusians_n tower_n into_o which_o king_n david_n carry_v the_o ark_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o there_o be_v continue_v until_o salomon_n temple_n be_v build_v and_o consecrate_v of_o which_o there_o be_v some_o ruin_n yet_o remain_v where_o it_o be_v think_v that_o christ_n sup_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o passeover_n there_o be_v also_o some_o monument_n of_o david_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o judah_n there_o be_v also_o david_n house_n which_o be_v still_o preserve_v and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o david_n tower_n here_o also_o some_o ruin_n of_o mello_n at_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o mountain_n moriah_n here_o be_v salomon_n famous_a temple_n which_o be_v 7._o year_n build_v and_o have_v 50000._o man_n work_v daily_o at_o it_o concern_v the_o magnificence_n and_o stateliness_n whereof_o you_o may_v read_v in_o lib._n 1._o of_o the_o king_n cap._n 6.7_o &_o chron._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o &_o 4._o concern_v their_o law_n and_o custom_n for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o will_v add_v nothing_o but_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o book_n of_o moses_n exodus_fw-la leviticus_n number_n and_o deuteronomy_n asia_n the_o less_o which_o be_v 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word_n the_o custom_n and_o revenue_n of_o other_o province_n air_n o_o citizen_n be_v so_o small_a that_o we_o be_v not_o content_a to_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o province_n for_o they_o but_o asia_n be_v so_o fat_a and_o fruitful_a that_o it_o excel_v all_o other_o country_n both_o for_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o field_n the_o variety_n of_o fruit_n fair_a pasture_n and_o divers_a commodity_n which_o be_v export_v from_o thence_o so_o that_o it_o be_v heretofore_o enrich_v with_o fruitful_a field_n fat_a pasture_n and_o gold-bearing_a river_n beside_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n that_o can_v be_v desire_v want_v nothing_o but_o be_v content_a with_o she_o own_o commodity_n it_o have_v great_a store_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n but_o it_o have_v one_o shrewd_a inconvenience_n which_o be_v that_o it_o be_v often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n so_o that_o city_n be_v overthrow_v by_o they_o as_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o tiberius_n caesar_n 12._o city_n in_o asia_n fall_v 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turk_n use_v they_o as_o slave_n who_o have_v here_o his_o beglerbey_n and_o sangiack_n in_o divers_a country_n and_o province_n anatolia_n contain_v these_o country_n pontus_n bythinia_n asia_n proper_o so_o call_v lycia_n galatia_n pamphilia_n cappadocia_n cilâ—cia_n and_o the_o lesser_a armenia_n pontus_n and_o bythinia_n be_v heretofore_o divide_v and_o part_v by_o the_o little_a river_n sagaris_n flow_v between_o they_o afterward_o they_o be_v reduce_v into_o one_o province_n which_o be_v now_o call_v birsia_n or_o beâ—sangial_a it_o be_v heretofore_o mithridates_n his_o kingdom_n the_o chief_a city_n be_v chalcedon_n niâ—â—media_n cerasus_n prusa_n by_o the_o mountain_n olympus_n where_o the_o great_a turk_n keep_v his_o residence_n before_o he_o take_v constantinople_n there_o be_v also_o nicaea_n and_o heâ—aâ—lea_n in_o pontus_n asiâ—_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v now_o call_v sabrum_fw-la or_o sacrum_n it_o be_v bounderd_v on_o the_o east_n with_o galatia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o
divide_v between_o the_o son_n and_o daughter_n thus_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v a_o flourish_a commonwealth_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v defend_v from_o foreign_a enemy_n who_o their_o subject_n live_v in_o unanimity_n and_o concord_n with_o they_o as_o their_o natural_a lord_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o the_o north_n denmark_n be_v join_v only_o in_o two_o place_n to_o the_o continent_n situation_n on_o the_o west_n the_o ocean_n beat_v on_o it_o on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n lie_v norwey_n and_o swethland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n holsatia_n megalopolis_n and_o pomerama_n it_o have_v many_o several_a island_n lie_v by_o it_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o climate_n air_n together_o with_o the_o wholsomnesse_n of_o the_o air_n that_o i_o may_v use_v joh._n coldingensis_n his_o word_n do_v make_v the_o dane_n fresh_a complexioned_a the_o fruitfulness_n of_o 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more_o ample_a declaration_n in_o the_o three_o table_n of_o denmark_n also_o there_o follow_v a_o more_o particular_a description_n of_o fionia_n in_o the_o four_o table_n of_o denmark_n the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n daniae_fw-la regnum_n the_o second_o table_n of_o denmark_n which_o contain_v part_n of_o the_o northern_a jutia_n the_o western_a and_o special_a part_n of_o denmark_n be_v jutia_n common_o call_v jutland_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v the_o cimbrian_a chersonesus_n and_o pliny_n cartrin_n name_n this_o run_v forth_o northward_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o peninsula_n between_o the_o british_a and_o german_a sea_n as_o italy_n do_v towards_o the_o south_n the_o southern_a bind_v thereof_o be_v the_o river_n eydera_fw-la situation_n and_o it_o lie_v many_o mile_n in_o length_n from_o the_o river_n albis_n or_o elve_n towards_o the_o north_n the_o great_a breadth_n of_o it_o be_v not_o much_o this_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a part_n as_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v the_o northern_a jutia_n jutia_n call_v the_o northern_a cimbrica_n which_o be_v describe_v in_o this_o table_n extend_v itself_o towards_o norwey_n do_v over_o against_o saga_fw-la a_o town_n famous_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o quicksand_n and_o shallow_a sea_n near_o it_o situation_n end_n in_o a_o strait_n and_o narrow_a form_n like_o a_o wedge_n this_o country_n be_v broad_a about_o the_o market_n town_n of_o aleburg_n where_o lymford_n wind_v itself_o into_o it_o and_o pass_v almost_o through_o all_o jutia_n westward_o part_v the_o country_n wensussel_n from_o the_o rest_n except_o it_o be_v for_o a_o very_a little_a space_n and_o so_o make_v it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o island_n this_o river_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a channel_n make_v many_o famous_a island_n by_o encompass_v they_o about_o and_o have_v many_o bay_n as_o it_o be_v and_o several_a branch_n it_o do_v divide_v and_o give_v limit_n to_o divers_a province_n northern_a jutia_n be_v fertile_a in_o produce_v and_o bear_v fruit_n corn_n barley_n and_o the_o like_a it_o have_v also_o in_o some_o place_n very_o fruitful_a pasture_n it_o abound_v with_o so_o many_o herd_n of_o ox_n and_o bring_v up_o so_o many_o cow_n that_o it_o send_v a_o incredible_a number_n of_o cattle_n into_o foreign_a country_n and_o especial_o into_o germany_n whither_o there_o be_v yearly_a bring_v almost_o 150_o thousand_o ox_n beside_o cheese_n butter_n tallow_n and_o hide_v it_o do_v bring_v forth_o a_o excellent_a breed_n of_o horse_n of_o which_o a_o great_a number_n be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n jutia_n heretofore_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o saxon_n but_o not_o the_o other_o northern_a country_n out_o of_o this_o country_n the_o cimbri_n 150_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n come_v and_o fall_v upon_o italy_n like_o a_o impetuous_a storm_n to_o the_o great_a terror_n thereof_o for_o they_o have_v join_v to_o themselves_o the_o tentons_n the_o tigurine_n and_o ambrones_n conspire_v utter_o to_o extinguish_v the_o roman_a empire_n syllanus_n can_v not_o resist_v the_o violence_n of_o their_o first_o approach_n nor_o manilius_n their_o second_o onset_n nor_o caepio_n the_o three_o all_o of_o they_o be_v put_v to_o slight_a and_o beat_v out_o of_o their_o tent_n insomuch_o as_o florus_n think_v they_o have_v be_v quite_o undo_v and_o overthrow_v if_o marius_n have_v not_o live_v in_o that_o age_n this_o cimbrian_a war_n continue_v eight_o year_n after_o the_o consulship_n of_o syllanus_n even_o to_o the_o five_o consulship_n of_o marius_n who_o at_o the_o râ—ver_n athesis_n call_v by_o the_o germane_a etsâ—h_n and_o by_o the_o italian_n â—adica_fw-la do_v quite_o cut_v off_o their_o army_n consist_v of_o cimbrian_o teutâ—us_n and_o and_o ambrones_n but_o because_o in_o this_o place_n we_o have_v by_o chance_n make_v mention_v of_o the_o cimbrian_o who_o name_n be_v famous_a in_o history_n we_o will_v speak_v somewhat_o more_o of_o they_o and_o because_o junius_n a_o learned_a â—an_v do_v discourse_n most_o learned_o of_o they_o i_o will_v not_o think_v it_o much_o to_o set_v down_o his_o own_o or_o other_o word_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n it_o appear_v in_o moses_n book_n say_v he_o that_o japhet_n have_v a_o son_n call_v gomer_n or_o by_o change_v of_o a_o letter_n gomer_n which_o word_n signify_v with_o the_o hebrew_n one_o perfect_a a_o circle_n but_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n hitherto_o unknown_a to_o writer_n unskilful_a in_o the_o cimmerian_a language_n because_o none_o have_v declare_v the_o obscurity_n will_v be_v as_o manifest_v and_o clear_a as_o the_o meridian_n sun_n if_o you_o gentle_o break_v the_o word_n in_o piece_n for_o what_o other_o thing_n do_v goom_n her_o be_v disjoin_v signify_v in_o that_o language_n or_o if_o you_o pronounce_v it_o gomer_n than_o i_o go_v about_o in_o a_o circle_n or_o i_o finish_v a_o perfect_a course_n hence_o also_o be_v that_o orbicular_a order_n of_o art_n which_o the_o grecian_a writer_n call_v encyclopedia_n and_o fabius_n the_o circle_n of_o learning_n because_o it_o be_v endless_a as_o a_o ring_n call_v gomera_n right_o therefore_o that_o auspicious_a name_n happen_v unto_o the_o offspring_n of_o japhet_n which_o spread_v themselves_o over_o the_o world_n and_o as_o the_o name_n do_v signify_v do_v finish_v that_o course_n that_o be_v give_v and_o prescribe_v to_o they_o by_o lot_n have_v travel_v over_o all_o country_n from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o set_v thereof_o for_o no_o man_n be_v so_o rude_a and_o ignorant_a in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o history_n that_o know_v not_o that_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n who_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o cimmerian_n or_o cimbri_n do_v possess_v both_o the_o hesperiaes_n wherefore_o since_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o man_n the_o cimmerian_n do_v descend_v from_o gomer_n who_o at_o first_o do_v possess_v the_o inward_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o be_v
it_o do_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o first_o copy_n aestui_n in_o stead_n of_o aestii_n the_o ancient_a writer_n of_o book_n put_v u_o for_o i_o and_o althamerus_n say_v if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o ancient_a copy_n the_o efflui_fw-fr he_o dare_v affirm_v that_o the_o eyslander_n be_v so_o call_v from_o they_o by_o a_o little_a alteration_n of_o the_o word_n these_o people_n also_o be_v call_v sudini_n and_o their_o country_n sudina_n join_v to_o prussia_n some_o do_v place_n the_o lectunni_n hereabout_o from_o who_o it_o may_v be_v that_o their_o name_n be_v derive_v livonia_n be_v stretch_v towards_o the_o balthick_n sea_n or_o the_o venedick_n bay_n be_v 500_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 160_o in_o breadth_n borussia_n lithuania_n and_o russia_n do_v encompass_v most_o part_n of_o it_o the_o rest_n the_o livonian_a bay_n do_v hem_n in_o country_n the_o country_n be_v plain_a and_o very_a fertile_a it_o bring_v forth_o corn_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o in_o dear_a time_n and_o year_n of_o scarcity_n it_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o other_o country_n it_o abound_v also_o with_o the_o best_a flax_n and_o breed_v store_n of_o cattle_n beside_o there_o be_v in_o the_o wood_n of_o this_o country_n many_o bear_n alces_fw-la fox_n leopard_n cat_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o here_o be_v many_o hare_n creature_n which_o according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v change_v their_o colour_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o they_o do_v in_o helvetia_n upon_o the_o alps_n in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v white_a in_o summer_n of_o a_o ash_n colour_n and_o here_o be_v such_o plentiful_a hunt_n of_o wild_a beast_n that_o the_o country_n people_n though_o they_o be_v cruel_o use_v by_o the_o noble_n be_v not_o prohibit_v from_o it_o in_o brief_a livonia_n want_v none_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n and_o sustentation_n of_o man_n life_n except_o wine_n oil_n and_o some_o other_o thing_n grant_v by_o the_o divine_a bounty_n to_o other_o country_n as_o be_v under_o a_o more_o warm_a and_o gentle_a climate_n which_o yet_o be_v bring_v hither_o in_o great_a abundance_n livonia_n be_v anno_fw-la 1200_o by_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o bremes_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o dutch_a order_n bring_v and_o convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n when_o it_o have_v a_o long_a time_n suffer_v the_o misery_n of_o foreign_a and_o civil_a war_n and_o have_v be_v make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o neighbour_n king_n and_o prince_n government_n at_o length_n in_o the_o year_n 1559_o be_v under_o gothardus_fw-la keâ—lerus_n the_o last_o governor_n of_o the_o dutch_a oder_fw-ge it_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o protection_n and_o government_n of_o sigismundus_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o a_o member_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithuania_n but_o gothardus_fw-la resign_v his_o order_n on_o the_o five_o day_n of_o march_n anno_fw-la 1562_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o riga_n before_o nicholas_n radziwilus_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n commissary_n and_o palatine_a of_o vilna_n as_o first_o the_o cross_n afterward_o the_o seal_n than_o his_o letter_n patent_n and_o all_o charter_n which_o the_o order_n have_v receive_v from_o the_o emperor_n and_o pope_n beside_o the_o key_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o riga_n and_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n the_o office_n of_o commendator_n the_o privilege_n and_o power_n of_o coin_v money_n the_o custom_n of_o fish_n and_o all_o other_o right_n belong_v to_o he_o he_o be_v present_o proclaim_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a palatine_a in_o the_o king_n majesty_n name_n duke_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n and_o straightway_o the_o nobility_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n do_v take_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n before_o he_o as_o to_o their_o lawful_a and_o hereditary_a lord_n the_o next_o day_n the_o duke_n of_o curland_n sit_v in_o estate_n be_v proclaim_v in_o the_o court_n of_o riga_n governor_n of_o livonia_n and_o receive_v the_o key_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n after_o which_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o citizen_n have_v all_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n restore_v and_o confirm_v unto_o they_o livonia_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n distinguish_v both_o by_o situation_n and_o language_n namely_o into_o estia_n city_n lettea_n and_o curlandia_n the_o province_n of_o estia_n or_o eastland_n be_v harria_n or_o harland_n the_o chief_a city_n whereof_o be_v revalia_n or_o revel_v be_v situate_v towards_o the_o north_n near_o unto_o the_o balthick_n sea_n and_o nothing_o inferior_a unto_o riga_n it_o be_v build_v by_o voldemata_fw-la and_o have_v a_o famous_a haven_n the_o citizen_n use_v the_o lubeck_n law_n and_o do_v coin_v fouresquare_a money_n also_o the_o province_n of_o viria_n virland_n or_o wirland_n in_o which_o be_v weisenburg_n tolsberg_n and_o borcholm_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o revalia_n in_o the_o three_o place_n be_v allantika_n where_o be_v the_o town_n nerva_n or_o nerve_n by_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n over_o against_o which_o be_v the_o castle_n call_v ivanow_n gorod_n belong_v to_o the_o moscovite_n for_o the_o river_n that_o run_v between_o these_o town_n do_v part_n livonia_n from_o moscovia_n also_o nyschlot_n or_o neuschlos_n in_o the_o four_o place_n be_v odenpoa_n in_o which_o be_v derpt_v or_o topatum_n a_o episcopal_a city_n wernebes_n helmet_n and_o ringen_n in_o the_o five_o place_n be_v jervia_n or_o jerven_n in_o which_o be_v weâ—ssenslein_n lais_n overpolen_v or_o ober_n paln_v and_o vellin_n or_o fellin_n in_o the_o six_o place_n be_v wichia_n or_o wicke_n wherein_o be_v abseel_n or_o hapsel_n leal_n lode_n and_o pernaw_n near_o to_o the_o estians_n lie_v the_o island_n osilia_n or_o osel_n dageden_n or_o dachden_n mona_n wormse_n or_o worist_n wrangen_n kien_n and_o many_o other_o in_o which_o they_o use_v partly_o the_o estian_a language_n and_o partly_o the_o swedish_n the_o city_n of_o lettea_n or_o let_v be_v riga_n kokenhusen_n wenden_n and_o wolmar_n riga_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o livonia_n near_o the_o river_n duina_n which_o do_v discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o venedick_n bay_n this_o city_n be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n with_o strong_a tower_n and_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n against_o any_o assault_n and_o be_v strengthen_v or_o fence_v with_o double_a ditch_n and_o sharp_a stake_n round_o about_o it_o it_o have_v a_o castle_n well_o provide_v in_o which_o heretofore_o the_o governor_n of_o livonia_n be_v of_o the_o teutonick_n or_o dutch_a order_n keep_v his_o residence_n and_o this_o castle_n though_o gothardus_fw-la ketlerus_n aforesaid_a do_v govern_v in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n right_a yet_o he_o do_v usurp_v no_o authority_n over_o the_o city_n for_o the_o citizen_n be_v strong_a and_o defender_n of_o their_o liberty_n can_v endure_v to_o have_v any_o governor_n or_o captain_n over_o they_o they_o do_v only_o pay_v tribute_n and_o yield_v obedience_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n livonia_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o other_o thing_n they_o have_v law_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o beside_o here_o be_v a_o market_n of_o all_o northern_a commodity_n as_o of_o pitch_n hemp_n wax_v timber_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o curland_n be_v goldingen_n candaw_n &_o windaw_n which_o the_o polander_n call_v kies_n and_o the_o german_n wenden_n this_o town_n be_v famous_a heretofore_o for_o that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n do_v keep_v his_o court_n here_o &_o parliament_n be_v here_o wont_a to_o be_v hold_v now_o it_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o garrison_n of_o polander_n there_o be_v also_o the_o city_n durbin_n srunden_n grubin_n pilten_n ambâ—tâ—n_n and_o haseâ—â—ot_n the_o city_n of_o semigallia_n be_v mitovia_n common_o call_v mitaw_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n keep_v his_o court_n also_o seleburg_n lake_n â—aâ—â—â—burg_n doblin_n and_o dalem_n the_o river_n duina_n do_v divide_v semiâ—allia_n and_o curland_n from_o lettea_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n in_o livonia_n there_o be_v many_o lake_n the_o chief_a be_v beibus_n which_o be_v 45_o mile_n long_o and_o do_v abound_v with_o divers_a kind_n of_o fish_n the_o river_n be_v duina_n winda_n become_v 〈◊〉_d and_o some_o other_o duina_n or_o duna_n which_o ptolemie_n call_v turuntus_n and_o peâ—cerus_n rubo_fw-la run_v out_o of_o russia_n a_o great_a way_n through_o lithuania_n and_o livonia_n at_o length_n eight_o mile_n below_o regia_n pour_v itself_o into_o the_o â—avorick_n bayliff_n and_o the_o balthick_n sea_n winda_n in_o like_a manner_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o balthick_n sea_n which_o near_o unto_o the_o mouth_n thereof_o be_v very_o deep_a and_o dangerous_a the_o river_n become_v which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v â—â—â—â—â—â—k_v be_v carry_v in_o
theft_n in_o declare_v whereof_o they_o need_v no_o lawyer_n neither_o do_v they_o use_v the_o subtlety_n thereof_o nor_o excuse_n or_o prolong_v matter_n by_o delay_n for_o the_o mean_a of_o the_o tartarian_n or_o stranger_n do_v free_o declare_v their_o own_o wrong_n and_o grievance_n before_o the_o judge_n and_o the_o chan_n himself_o by_o who_o they_o be_v quick_o hear_v and_o dispatch_v they_o instruct_v their_o son_n when_o they_o be_v child_n in_o the_o arabic_a language_n they_o do_v not_o keep_v their_o daughter_n at_o home_n but_o deliver_v they_o to_o some_o of_o their_o kindred_n to_o be_v bring_v up_o when_o their_o son_n come_v to_o ripeness_n of_o year_n they_o serve_v the_o chan_n or_o the_o sultan_n &_o when_o their_o daughter_n be_v marriageable_a they_o marry_v they_o to_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a tartar_n or_o turk_n the_o best_a of_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o prince_n court_n go_v civil_o and_o decent_o in_o their_o apparel_n not_o for_o ostentation_n or_o pride_n but_o according_a as_o necessity_n and_o decency_n require_v when_o the_o chan_n go_v abroad_o in_o public_a the_o poor_a man_n may_v have_v access_n unto_o he_o who_o when_o he_o see_v they_o do_v examine_v they_o what_o their_o want_n &_o necessity_n be_v &_o whence_o they_o do_v arise_v the_o tartarian_n be_v very_o obedient_a to_o the_o law_n and_o they_o adore_v &_o reverence_v their_o prince_n like_o go_n their_o judge_n according_a to_o mahomet_n law_n be_v account_v spiritual_a man_n and_o of_o undoubted_a equity_n integrity_n and_o faithfulness_n they_o be_v not_o give_v to_o controversy_n lawsuit_n private_a discord_n envy_n hatred_n manner_n or_o to_o any_o wanton_a excess_n either_o in_o diet_n or_o apparel_n in_o the_o prince_n court_n none_o wear_v sword_n bowes_n or_o other_o weapon_n except_o it_o be_v traveller_n or_o stranger_n that_o be_v go_v on_o some_o journey_n to_o who_o they_o be_v very_o kind_a and_o hospitable_a the_o chief_a man_n eat_v bread_n and_o flesh_n drink_v also_o burn_v wine_n and_o metheglin_n food_n but_o the_o country_n people_n want_v bread_n use_v instead_o thereof_o ground_n millet_n temper_v with_o milk_n and_o water_n which_o they_o common_o call_v cassa_fw-mi they_o use_v cheese_n instead_o of_o meat_n and_o their_o drink_n be_v mare_n milk_n they_o kill_v also_o for_o their_o food_n camel_n horse_n and_o ox_n when_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o die_v or_o be_v grow_v unserviceable_a and_o they_o often_o feed_v on_o the_o flesh_n of_o sheep_n few_o of_o they_o do_v use_v mechanic_n art_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n few_o do_v use_v merchandize_v and_o those_o artificer_n or_o merchant_n that_o be_v find_v there_o traffic_n be_v either_o slave_n to_o the_o christian_n or_o else_o they_o be_v turk_n armenian_n jew_n cercesians_n petigorians_n who_o be_v christian_n philistine_n or_o cynganians_n all_o man_n of_o the_o low_a rank_n but_o let_v this_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v suffice_v concern_v the_o taurick_n chersonesus_n and_o the_o northern_a country_n let_v we_o pass_v to_o the_o description_n of_o spain_n which_o we_o have_v place_v next_o and_o take_v a_o view_n thereof_o the_o description_n of_o spain_n spain_n be_v a_o chief_a country_n of_o europe_n and_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n it_o be_v so_o call_v as_o justine_n note_v from_o king_n hispanus_n call_v some_o will_v have_v it_o so_o call_v from_o hispalis_n a_o famous_a city_n which_o be_v now_o call_v sevill_n but_o abraham_n ortelius_n a_o man_n very_o painful_a in_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n when_o he_o have_v read_v in_o the_o author_n that_o treat_v of_o river_n and_o mountain_n follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o sosthenes_n in_o his_o three_o book_n that_o iberia_n now_o call_v georgia_n a_o country_n of_o asia_n be_v heretofore_o call_v pania_fw-la from_o panus_n who_o dionysius_n have_v conquer_v the_o country_n make_v governor_n over_o the_o iberian_o and_o that_o from_o thence_o modern_a writer_n do_v call_v it_o spain_n moreover_o when_o he_o have_v observe_v that_o almost_o all_o writer_n do_v derive_v the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o spain_n from_o iberia_n he_o be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o country_n be_v so_o call_v rather_o from_o that_o spain_n than_o from_o hispanus_n or_o hispalis_n this_o opinion_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a for_o that_o saint_n paul_n do_v call_v this_o country_n spania_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n situation_n chap._n 15._o verse_n 28._o as_o do_v also_o saint_n jerome_n and_o many_o other_o thereof_o but_o that_o which_o the_o latin_a writer_n call_v hispania_n and_o ptolemie_n stephanus_n and_o other_o do_v call_v ispania_n leave_v out_o the_o aspiration_n strabo_n pliny_n and_o other_o do_v testify_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v call_v iberia_n and_o hesperia_n it_o be_v call_v iberia_n from_o iberia_n a_o country_n of_o asia_n magrib_n from_o whence_o many_o do_v derive_v the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o spain_n though_o some_o do_v fetch_v the_o word_n iberia_n from_o king_n iberus_n other_o from_o the_o river_n iberus_n and_o avienus_n from_o ibera_n a_o town_n in_o baetica_n or_o andaluzia_n some_o report_n that_o it_o be_v call_v hesperia_n from_o hesperus_n the_o brother_n of_o atlas_n or_o as_o horace_n think_v from_o hesperia_n the_o daughter_n of_o hesperus_n or_o rather_o from_o hesperus_n the_o evening-star_n under_o which_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v situate_v because_o it_o be_v the_o far_a country_n westward_o of_o the_o whole_a continent_n of_o europe_n and_o see_v italy_n may_v have_v the_o same_o name_n horace_n call_v this_o hesperia_n ultima_fw-la appian_n report_v that_o it_o be_v heretofore_o call_v celtiberia_n which_o yet_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v think_v a_o part_n of_o spain_n heretofore_o call_v celtica_n as_o varro_n witness_v gulielmus_fw-la postellus_fw-la and_o arias_n montanus_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o obadiah_n do_v note_n that_o the_o hebrew_n do_v call_v it_o sepharad_n and_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o name_n the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n follow_v the_o quantity_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o bound_n and_o circuit_n thereof_o balâ—ares_v and_o in_o the_o form_n and_o figure_n which_o arise_v from_o thence_o concern_v the_o bound_n of_o spain_n the_o ocean_n do_v wash_v two_o side_n thereof_o the_o north_n side_n the_o cantabrian_a ocean_n and_o the_o west_n the_o atlantic_a the_o iberian_n or_o balearicke_n sea_n do_v beat_v on_o the_o south_n side_n where_o be_v the_o bay_n of_o hercules_n and_o on_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n run_v along_o with_o one_o continue_a ridge_n from_o the_o ocean_n where_o stand_v flaviobriga_n at_o this_o day_n call_v funtarabia_n even_o to_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o make_v two_o famous_a promontory_n the_o one_o call_v idanuâ—_n olarso_n which_o shoot_v out_o into_o the_o ocean_n the_o other_o which_o take_v its_o name_n heretofore_o from_o the_o temple_n of_o venus_n but_o now_o call_v cape_n de_fw-fr creus_n do_v jet_n out_o into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o utmost_a length_n of_o spain_n be_v 200_o spanish_a mile_n the_o breadth_n where_o it_o be_v broad_o be_v 140_o mile_n and_o where_o it_o be_v narrow_a it_o be_v 60._o johannes_n vasaeus_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o spain_n do_v report_n that_o spain_n be_v so_o narrow_a at_o the_o pyrenaean_a hill_n that_o when_o he_o travel_v over_o they_o on_o the_o mountain_n of_o saint_n adrian_n he_o see_v the_o sea_n on_o either_o side_n namely_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o he_o and_o a_o far_o of_o as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v see_v he_o discern_v the_o white_a wave_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n they_o suppose_v that_o the_o whole_a compass_n thereof_o be_v 2480_o mile_n ptolemy_n strabo_n and_o other_o do_v compare_n spain_n to_o a_o oxhide_n stretch_v out_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o neck_n whereof_o be_v extend_v towards_o france_n which_o cleave_v unto_o it_o the_o neck_n i_o say_v which_o reach_v in_o breadth_n as_o far_o as_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n from_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n to_o the_o british_a ocean_n the_o fore_a part_n of_o it_o be_v stretch_v from_o new_a carthage_n even_o to_o the_o cantabrian_o and_o the_o hinder_a part_n from_o hercules_n bay_n to_o gallicia_n and_o the_o british_a sea_n that_o which_o represent_v the_o tail_n of_o the_o hide_n be_v the_o europe_n holy_a promontory_n call_v at_o this_o day_n saint_n vincents_n promontory_n which_o stretch_v itself_o out_o into_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n far_o beyond_o any_o other_o part_n of_o spain_n spain_n be_v under_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o four_o all_o the_o five_o and_o part_n of_o the_o six_o climate_n where_o there_o be_v a_o excellent_a temper_n for_o the_o produce_v of_o all_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v neither_o scorch_v with_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n
suppose_n the_o metropolis_n hereof_o be_v that_o famous_a city_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o country_n and_o be_v call_v by_o ptolemie_n legio_n septima_fw-la germanica_n antoninus_n call_v it_o legio_n gemina_n but_o it_o be_v now_o common_o call_v leon_n which_o name_n i_o can_v see_v why_o franciscus_n tarapha_n shall_v rather_o derive_v from_o leonigildus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o goth_n than_o from_o the_o legion_n itself_o moralis_n do_v deliver_v also_o that_o it_o be_v heretofore_o call_v sublantia_n and_o write_v that_o some_o evidence_n of_o that_o name_n be_v extant_a in_o a_o place_n but_o a_o little_a distant_a from_o legio_n call_v sollanco_n l._n marinaeus_n siculus_n write_v thus_o concern_v the_o church_n of_o legio_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o spain_n although_o the_o church_n which_o the_o city_n of_o hispalis_n have_v build_v in_o our_o age_n do_v exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o greatness_n although_o the_o church_n of_o toledo_n surpass_v the_o rest_n for_o treasure_n ornament_n and_o glass_n window_n and_o the_o church_n of_o compostella_n for_o strong_a building_n for_o the_o miracle_n of_o saint_n james_n &_o other_o thing_n yet_o the_o church_n of_o legio_n in_o my_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o they_o all_o for_o admirable_a structure_n and_o building_n which_o have_v a_o chapel_n join_v to_o it_o in_o which_o lie_v bury_v seven_o and_o thirty_o king_n and_o one_o emperor_n of_o spain_n it_o be_v worthy_a of_o memory_n that_o this_o city_n be_v the_o first_o from_o which_o about_o the_o year_n 716._o the_o recovery_n of_o spain_n which_o former_o the_o moores_n and_o saracen_n almost_o whole_o possess_v be_v begin_v for_o as_o also_o rodericus_fw-la toletanus_n in_o his_o six_o book_n of_o spanish_a matter_n for_o many_o chapter_n together_o and_o roderick_n sanctius_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o spanish_a history_n cap._n 11._o do_v relate_v pelagius_n the_o son_n of_o fafila_n duke_n of_o cantabria_n and_o descend_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o the_o goth_n be_v make_v king_n by_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o christian_n who_o flee_v into_o the_o mountain_n make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n on_o the_o moor_n and_o be_v scarce_o enter_v into_o his_o kingdom_n take_v legio_n from_o the_o enemy_n this_o man_n afterward_o make_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o his_o principality_n build_v a_o new_a castle_n there_o as_o a_o fort_n and_o defence_n against_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o incursion_n asturia_n and_o lay_v aside_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o goth_n give_v the_o lion_n rampant_a gules_a in_o a_o field_n argent_fw-fr which_o the_o king_n of_o legio_n do_v use_n at_o this_o day_n fafila_n the_o son_n of_o pelagius_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o he_o die_v issueless_a there_o succeed_v he_o alphonsus_n catholicus_n the_o son_n of_o peter_n duke_n of_o cantabria_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o stock_n of_o ricaredus_n catholic_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n who_o marry_v ormisenda_n the_o only_a sister_n and_o heir_n of_o fafila_n the_o government_n of_o legion_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o alphonsus_n his_o family_n even_o to_o veremundus_n the_o 24_o king_n of_o legio_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1020._o without_o a_o successor_n his_o sister_n sanctia_n marry_v ferdinando_n of_o navarre_n king_n of_o castille_n and_o bring_v the_o kingdom_n of_o legio_n to_o be_v join_v and_o unite_v to_o his_o kingdom_n asturia_n have_v on_o the_o north_n the_o ocean_n on_o the_o east_n biscay_n on_o the_o south_n old_a castille_n and_o on_o the_o west_n gallicia_n it_o produce_v and_o bring_v forth_o gold_n &_o divers_a sort_n of_o colour_n otherwise_o it_o be_v but_o little_o till_v and_o thin_o inhabit_v except_o it_o be_v in_o those_o place_n which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n here_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a astures_n who_o be_v so_o call_v as_o isidore_n write_v lib._n 9_o etymolog_fw-la cap._n 2._o from_o the_o river_n asturia_n whereof_o florus_n make_v mention_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o roman_a history_n and_o other_o from_o who_o ptolemie_n call_v the_o country_n itself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o latin_n asturia_n as_o also_o astyria_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o what_o i_o have_v read_v in_o ancient_a marble_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o pavement_n of_o the_o chapel_n which_o be_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o saint_n gregory_n in_o the_o mountain_n caelius_n there_o be_v a_o break_a marble-table_n engrave_v with_o these_o word_n acontit_fw-fr l._n ranio_n optato_fw-la v._o c._n cos_n curatori_fw-la reip._n mediolanensium_fw-la curate_n reip._n nolanorum_fw-la procos_fw-la provincia_n narbonensium_fw-la legato_n aug._n et_fw-la juridico_fw-la astyriae_n et._n galaecia_n curatori_fw-la viae_fw-la salariae_fw-la etc._n etc._n moreover_o i_o see_v it_o call_v asturica_n in_o a_o marble-table_n which_o be_v at_o rome_n beyond_o tiber_n in_o a_o private_a roman-citizen_n house_n i_o will_v set_v down_o the_o word_n in_o the_o description_n of_o italy_n where_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o alps_n join_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o be_v call_v at_o this_o day_n asturias_n pliny_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 3._o do_v divide_v the_o astures_n into_o the_o augustini_fw-la and_o transmontani_n the_o one_o be_v on_o the_o hither_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o the_o other_o beyond_o the_o mountain_n northward_o near_o the_o ocean_n concern_v the_o astures_n silius_n the_o italian_a poet_n write_v thus_o lib._n 1._o astur_n avarus_fw-la visceribus_fw-la lacerae_fw-la telluris_fw-la mergitur_fw-la imis_fw-la et_fw-la redit_fw-la infelix_fw-la effosso_fw-la concolor_fw-la auro_fw-la the_o covetous_a asturian_n will_v go_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n below_o whence_o he_o return_v in_o colour_n like_o gold_n oare_n which_o he_o unhappy_o dig_v up_o before_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n be_v brâ—gentium_n oviedo_n of_o which_o rodericus_fw-la toletanus_n write_v much_o lib._n 4._o de_fw-la rebus_fw-la hisp_n cap._n 14._o where_o among_o other_o thing_n he_o give_v the_o reason_n wherefore_o it_o be_v call_v the_o bishop_n city_n here_o be_v also_o astorga_n call_v ancient_o asturica_n augusta_n and_o some_o other_o small_a town_n biscay_n gvipuscoa_n navarre_n and_o asturia_n de_fw-fr santillana_n biscay_n as_o johannes_n bishop_n of_o gerunda_n affirm_v take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o bastuli_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o baetica_n call_v for_o they_o come_v from_o lybia_n into_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v call_v baetica_n and_o be_v beat_v and_o expulse_v thence_o by_o the_o moor_n they_o flee_v into_o the_o mountain_n of_o galaecia_n and_o so_o build_v themselves_o house_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v call_v from_o that_o time_n bastulia_n which_o be_v now_o call_v biscay_n some_o do_v call_v biscay_n viscaia_n which_o word_n have_v some_o affinity_n with_o the_o name_n of_o the_o vascones_n biscay_n be_v a_o country_n of_o spain_n lie_v near_o the_o ocean_n and_o very_o full_a of_o hill_n out_o of_o which_o arise_v 150_o river_n situation_n it_o have_v a_o more_o temperate_a climate_n than_o other_o part_n of_o spain_n for_o be_v environ_v with_o great_a mountain_n it_o be_v not_o trouble_v with_o too_o much_o cold_a nor_o burn_v with_o too_o much_o heat_n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o tree_n fit_a for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n which_o not_o only_o spain_n do_v acknowledge_v air_n but_o other_o country_n whither_o whole_a ship-loades_a be_v often_o transport_v soil_n here_o be_v abundance_n of_o chessenut_n hasel-nut_n orange_n raizin_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o metal_n especial_o iron_n and_o black-lead_a beside_o other_o commodity_n where_o they_o want_v wine_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o drink_n make_v of_o press_a apple_n which_o have_v a_o excellent_a taste_n here_o be_v also_o store_n of_o beast_n creature_n fish_n foul_a and_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v convenient_a and_o necessary_a for_o the_o sustain_n of_o man_n life_n the_o cantabria_n cantabrian_o do_v heretofore_o inhabit_v that_o country_n which_o we_o now_o call_v biscay_n but_o it_o be_v large_a than_o biscay_n be_v now_o and_o contain_v guipuscoa_n and_o navarre_n these_o cantabrian_o be_v a_o famous_a people_n and_o much_o celebrate_v by_o many_o writer_n they_o think_v that_o be_v no_o life_n which_o be_v without_o war_n and_o when_o all_o the_o people_n of_o spain_n be_v subject_v and_o reduce_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o rome_n they_o alone_o with_o the_o asturian_o and_o some_o other_o who_o join_v with_o they_o government_n can_v not_o be_v overcome_v until_o at_o last_o c._n caesar_n octavianus_n augustus_n do_v subdue_v this_o stout_a nation_n be_v break_v &_o weary_v by_o a_o war_n of_o almost_o five_o year_n continuance_n he_o himself_o go_v against_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v not_o obedient_a to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o industry_n and_o valour_n of_o vispanius_n
busy_v themselves_o with_o the_o sacred_a mystery_n of_o the_o muse_n there_o be_v those_o who_o to_o the_o great_a admiration_n of_o those_o that_o hear_v they_o without_o any_o premeditation_n can_v in_o a_o admirable_a method_n very_o ready_o discourse_v or_o speak_v of_o any_o matter_n that_o shall_v be_v propound_v there_o be_v many_o library_n in_o this_o kingdom_n especial_o the_o king_n library_n at_o paris_n and_o the_o library_n of_o s._n victor_n 〈◊〉_d that_o i_o may_v omit_v other_o public_a and_o private_a library_n furnish_v with_o the_o best_a and_o rare_a print_a book_n and_o with_o the_o choice_a manuscript_n now_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o their_o manner_n diodorus_n and_o strabo_n do_v witness_n that_o the_o frenchman_n be_v very_a sharp-witted_n and_o reasonable_a good_a scholar_n symmachus_n in_o many_o place_n do_v commend_v their_o study_n in_o good_a letter_n and_o learning_n marcus_n portius_n cato_n originum_n lib._n 2._o say_v that_o the_o most_o part_n do_v follow_v two_o thing_n very_o industrious_o to_o wit_n warfare_n and_o eloquence_n that_o we_o may_v know_v that_o the_o ancient_a french_a do_v carry_v away_o the_o glory_n of_o eloquence_n from_o other_o nation_n strabo_n do_v attribute_n to_o they_o a_o courteous_a nature_n void_a of_o malice_n julianus_n a_o eye_n witness_n do_v report_n of_o they_o that_o they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o flatter_v but_o that_o they_o live_v free_o and_o just_o with_o all_o man_n they_o have_v no_o more_o knowledge_n of_o venus_n and_o bacchus_n than_o serve_v they_o for_o marriage_n for_o procreation_n manner_n and_o for_o the_o moderate_a drink_n of_o their_o own_o wine_n those_o thing_n which_o some_o speak_v on_o the_o contrary_a be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o rail_a speech_n proceed_v from_o a_o envious_a mind_n for_o who_o see_v not_o that_o have_v read_v ancient_a writer_n concern_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o frenchman_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o what_o it_o be_v at_o this_o present_a that_o that_o be_v false_o which_o servius_n report_v namely_o that_o the_o frenchman_n be_v dull-witted_a and_o that_o which_o julius_n firmicus_n annex_v to_o wit_n that_o they_o be_v blockish_a and_o that_o of_o julianus_n who_o forget_v himself_o say_v that_o they_o be_v stupid_a and_o rustic_a that_o of_o polybius_n who_o say_v that_o they_o do_v not_o give_v their_o mind_n to_o learning_n and_o good_a arts._n that_o which_o diodorus_n athenaeus_n and_o clement_n alexandrinus_n do_v avouch_v namely_o that_o they_o be_v unfaithful_a give_v to_o gluttony_n and_o drunkenness_n that_o which_o livy_n and_o polybius_n report_n to_o wit_n that_o they_o be_v soft_a and_o effeminate_a that_o of_o mela_n who_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v desirous_a of_o gold_n ambitious_a proud_a and_o superstitious_a that_o of_o solinus_n who_o say_v that_o they_o be_v vain_a babbler_n and_o last_o that_o which_o plutarch_n speak_v in_o the_o life_n of_o pyrrhus_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v insatiable_o covetous_a of_o money_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o the_o frenchman_n may_v be_v corrupt_v with_o many_o vice_n by_o have_v commerce_n and_o traffic_n with_o other_o nation_n florus_n say_v lib._n 3._o cap._n 10._o that_o no_o man_n can_v say_v that_o the_o french_a be_v only_o fierce_a see_v they_o deal_v fradulent_o and_o by_o wile_n ammianus_n lib._n 15._o show_v that_o they_o be_v quarrellous_a diodorus_n do_v reprehend_v the_o frenchman_n for_o their_o intemperancy_n in_o speech_n and_o also_o note_v that_o they_o use_v a_o short_a and_o obscure_a kind_n of_o language_n that_o they_o speak_v many_o thing_n ambiguous_o of_o purpose_n that_o they_o talk_v much_o in_o praise_n of_o themselves_o &_o in_o disgrace_n of_o other_o and_o that_o they_o be_v detractor_n and_o self-conceited_a or_o opinionate_a strabo_n also_o note_v their_o boast_n which_o be_v that_o french_a ostentation_n which_o caesar_n speak_v of_o lib._n 7._o and_o be_v exemplify_v in_o many_o of_o his_o other_o book_n such_o be_v the_o boast_n of_o helvetius_n divicon_n lib._n 1._o while_o he_o extol_v and_o magnify_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o helvetian_o and_o do_v upbraid_v the_o roman_n with_o the_o remembrance_n of_o their_o overthrow_n so_o vercingetorix_n brag_v in_o his_o oration_n that_o he_o alone_o will_v cause_v a_o council_n to_o be_v call_v out_o of_o all_o france_n which_o the_o whole_a world_n can_v not_o resist_v concern_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o ancient_a french_a man_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o worship_n which_o they_o use_v marcus_n tullius_n be_v not_o to_o be_v regard_v who_o write_v thus_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o m._n fonteius_n the_o frenchman_n be_v not_o move_v with_o any_o religion_n let_v we_o rather_o hear_v livy_n who_o though_o in_o other_o matter_n he_o do_v unjust_o tax_v this_o nation_n yet_o he_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v not_o negligent_a in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o caesar_n lib._n 7._o de_fw-fr bell._n gall._n who_o know_v this_o nation_n well_o enough_o when_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v very_o much_o give_v to_o religion_n caesar_n say_v that_o they_o especial_o worship_v mercury_n max._n tyrius_n do_v witness_v that_o the_o celtae_n or_o frenchman_n do_v worship_n jupiter_n and_o for_o his_o sake_n they_o honour_v the_o high_a oak_n strabo_n testify_v that_o diana_n have_v a_o temple_n at_o massilia_n and_o polybius_n lib._n 8._o as_o also_o plutarch_n do_v mention_n that_o diana_n be_v worship_v and_o adore_v by_o the_o gallogrecians_a lactantius_n lucan_n and_o minutius_n felix_n do_v report_n that_o the_o frenchman_n have_v esus_fw-la or_o hesus_fw-la teâ—tates_fw-la and_o terane_n for_o their_o god_n which_o most_o of_o the_o learned_a do_v interpret_v to_o be_v mars_n mercury_n and_o jupiter_n ausonius_n make_v bâ—lâ—nus_n to_o be_v the_o frenchman_n god_n who_o herodian_a call_v belis_n the_o same_o perhaps_o with_o that_o which_o tertullian_n call_v tibilene_n who_o the_o greek_n and_o other_o think_v to_o be_v apollo_n also_o the_o frenchman_n do_v worship_n abellio_n of_o which_o as_o joseph_n scaliger_n write_v to_o ausonius_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o note_v there_o do_v still_o remain_v some_o monument_n and_o lucian_n report_v that_o they_o do_v worship_n hercules_n by_o the_o name_n of_o ogmius_n athenaus_n write_v that_o when_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n worship_v their_o god_n they_o do_v turn_v themselves_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n they_o do_v offer_v humane_a sacrifice_n to_o their_o god_n especial_o to_o mars_n as_o caesar_n witness_v but_o they_o never_o offer_v any_o sacrifice_n without_o their_o druid_n as_o diodorus_n witness_v these_o druid_n be_v priest_n heretofore_o much_o esteem_v by_o the_o frenchman_n as_o also_o their_o bard_n be_v of_o who_o lucan_n thus_o write_v vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la fortes_fw-la animas_fw-la bellòque_fw-la peremptas_fw-la etc._n etc._n then_o you_o that_o valiant_a soul_n and_o slay_v in_o war_n do_v celebrate_v with_o praise_n that_o still_o be_v immortal_a so_o that_o virtue_n never_o die_v you_o bard_n secure_o sing_v your_o elegy_n you_o druid_n now_o free_v from_o war_n maintain_v your_o barbarous_a rite_n and_o sacrifice_v again_o you_o what_o heaven_n be_v and_o god_n alone_o can_v tell_v or_o else_o alone_o be_v ignorant_a you_o dwell_v in_o vast_a and_o desert_a wood_n you_o teach_v no_o spirit_n pluto_n pale_a kingdom_n can_v by_o death_n inherit_v they_o in_o a_o other_o world_n inform_v again_o death_n long_a life_n middle_n be_v if_o you_o maintain_v the_o truth_n the_o northern_a people_n happy_a be_v in_o this_o their_o error_n who_o fear_v great_a far_a of_o all_o fear_n incure_v not_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n thence_o be_v they_o prone_a to_o war_n nor_o loss_n of_o breath_n esteem_v and_o they_o do_v think_v it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o spare_v a_o life_n that_o will_v return_v again_o and_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o frenchman_n religion_n now_o let_v we_o add_v something_o concern_v their_o custom_n and_o fashion_n livy_n testify_v that_o the_o french_a man_n do_v come_v to_o council_n in_o armour_n strabo_n write_v that_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o french_a counsel_n that_o if_o any_o one_o do_v interrupt_v a_o suitor_n a_o public_a officer_n go_v to_o he_o and_o draw_v out_o his_o sword_n do_v threaten_v he_o and_o command_v he_o to_o keep_v silence_n and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o then_o hold_v his_o peace_n the_o officer_n do_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o former_o the_o second_o and_o three_o time_n and_o last_o he_o cut_v off_o so_o much_o of_o the_o interrupter_n cloak_n so_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v good_a for_o nothing_o caesar_n say_v that_o the_o frenchman_n counsel_n be_v rash_a and_o sudden_a and_o that_o they_o be_v unconstant_a in_o council_n and_o desirous_a of_o innovation_n the_o same_o caesar_n note_v that_o the_o frenchman_n when_o any_o matter_n of_o note_n happen_v be_v wont_a by_o a_o
english_a troop_n into_o syria_n against_o â—ulco_fw-la earl_n of_o the_o andian_o and_o king_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o yvo_n carnutensis_fw-la do_v name_v it_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o pope_n pascall_n thereby_o to_o difference_n it_o from_o the_o other_o noâ—entum_fw-la sigebert_n about_o the_o year_n 1170._o do_v mention_n godefride_n earl_n of_o pertâ—ce_n who_o by_o rebellion_n lose_v his_o earldom_n there_o be_v also_o other_o town_n beside_o nogentum_n as_o basochium_n govetum_n alugium_n mâ—ns_fw-la mirallij_fw-la brevium_fw-la anthovium_n maulbesium_n the_o town_n of_o red_a maillard_n and_o condatum_n seat_v by_o the_o river_n huisâ—e_fw-fr the_o high_a part_n of_o pertiâ—a_n be_v call_v the_o county_n and_o it_o have_v the_o town_n mortenium_n with_o a_o castle_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n in_o which_o the_o praefect_n who_o they_o call_v the_o bailie_n have_v his_o residence_n also_o the_o town_n peniletum_n and_o belesmia_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n whence_o the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a family_n of_o the_o belemy_n be_v descend_v out_o of_o which_o come_v robert_n â—elemy_n who_o side_v with_o robertus_fw-la intend_v to_o make_v war_n against_o his_o brother_n king_n of_o england_n concern_v who_o see_v thomas_n walsingam_n in_o his_o description_n or_o pattern_n of_o neustriae_fw-la on_o the_o frontier_n thereof_o towards_o normandy_n be_v vernolium_n and_o memertium_n towards_o cenâ—mania_n some_o will_v seat_v the_o vnelly_n here_o a_o people_n once_o of_o france_n who_o caesar_n mention_v lib._n 3_o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n in_o these_o word_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v at_o venice_n q._n titurius_n sapinus_fw-la come_v with_o his_o army_n which_o caesar_n have_v give_v he_o into_o the_o country_n of_o thf_n vnelly_n viridovix_n be_v captain_n thereof_o and_o do_v govern_v all_o those_o city_n which_o have_v revolt_v out_o of_o which_o he_o levy_v a_o great_a army_n and_o a_o little_a before_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n at_o the_o same_o time_n come_v p._n crassus_n who_o he_o have_v send_v with_o one_o legion_n to_o the_o venetian_n the_o vnelli_n the_o osismi_n the_o curiosilitae_n the_o sâ—suriij_fw-la the_o aulerij_fw-la the_o the_o county_n of_o pertica_n perchensis_fw-la comitatus_fw-la la_fw-fr perche_n comte_n rhedones_n which_o be_v maritine_a city_n near_o to_o the_o ocâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n blaâ—â—us_n vignerius_n in_o his_o french_a translation_n for_o vnelli_n do_v put_v 〈◊〉_d the_o &_o â—uparche_n and_o renal_a chopinus_n concern_v the_o municipiall_n law_n of_o the_o audian_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n call_v they_o ceux_fw-fr de_fw-fr perch_n which_o he_o ranslate_v the_o vnâ—li_n but_o when_o caesar_n make_v they_o to_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o armorican_n city_n which_o be_v a_o maritaine_n nation_n some_o think_v that_o this_o name_n belong_v to_o the_o lavallij_n but_o i_o leave_v these_o thing_n to_o more_o curious_a inquisiter_n in_o this_o country_n the_o learned_a and_o noble_a poet_n anaâ—reon_o be_v bear_v who_o be_v worthy_o call_v the_o remigium_fw-la bellaqutum_fw-la of_o his_o age_n who_o in_o his_o pastoral_n do_v lively_o express_v and_o paint_v forth_o that_o elegant_a fiction_n of_o the_o arcadia_n of_o zamazaus_n which_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n his_o poem_n concern_v gem_n and_o precious_a stone_n do_v deserve_v the_o lawer_v wreath_n to_o which_o â—onsaâ—d_v the_o prince_n of_o french_a poet_n have_v allude_v in_o a_o epitaph_n which_o be_v make_v on_o he_o which_o be_v to_o be_v read_v at_o paris_n which_o i_o have_v rude_o here_o translate_v into_o latin_a beilaquio_fw-la artifices_fw-la quid_fw-la splendida_fw-la saxa_fw-la paratis_fw-la exit_fw-la gemmu_fw-la tutulum_fw-la condidit_fw-la ipse_fw-la sibi_fw-la artificer_n why_o do_v you_o now_o provide_v fair_a shine_a stone_n that_o may_v anacreon_n hide_v for_o he_o a_o tomb_n of_o precious_a stone_n compose_v wherein_o his_o precious_a body_n be_v enclose_v the_o dukedom_n of_o turone_n the_o province_n of_o turene_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o incomparable_a pleasantness_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o abundance_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v worthy_o call_v the_o garden_n of_o france_n which_o the_o prince_n thereof_o have_v always_o much_o delight_v in_o and_o honour_v it_o both_o as_o i_o say_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o situation_n and_o for_o the_o overflow_a plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a the_o country_n be_v large_a and_o have_v round_o about_o it_o the_o bellovacians_n the_o andegavians_n the_o pictavian_o and_o the_o biturigians_n it_o have_v many_o fair_a city_n and_o town_n it_o make_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o it_o be_v honour_v with_o a_o seat_n of_o judgement_n the_o metropolis_n and_o mother_n city_n thereof_o be_v turon_n common_o call_v tours_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n and_o meeting_n of_o the_o river_n ligeris_n and_o carus_n ptolemy_n call_v it_o caesâ—rodunum_n concern_v the_o name_n and_o antiquity_n whereof_o there_o be_v many_o report_n but_o not_o credible_a and_o therefore_o we_o omit_v they_o let_v it_o suffice_v that_o the_o great_a roman_a emperor_n â—ulius_fw-la caesar_n do_v reckon_v the_o turones_n among_o the_o chief_a people_n of_o france_n who_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n about_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v these_o word_n he_o have_v bring_v his_o legion_n to_o winter_n at_o carnutes_n andes_n and_o turones_n which_o be_v city_n near_o unto_o these_o place_n where_o he_o wage_v war_n go_v into_o italy_n as_o also_o lib._n 7._o he_o speedy_o join_v to_o himself_o the_o senous_a the_o parisian_n the_o pictones_n the_o cadurcians_n the_o turones_n the_o aulercians_n and_o other_o which_o dwell_v near_o the_o sea_n also_o lucan_n mention_v they_o in_o this_o verse_n justabiles_fw-la turones_n circumsita_fw-la costra_fw-la coercent_fw-la round_o pitch_v tent_n do_v keep_v in_o there_o the_o turones_n who_o unconstant_a be_v it_o be_v a_o neat_a city_n have_v long_o clean_a street_n and_o very_o fair_a house_n it_o have_v heretofore_o divers_a bishop_n famous_a for_o sanctity_n and_o learning_n as_o maâ—tinus_n bricius_fw-la perpetuus_n volusianas_n and_o other_o and_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n of_o the_o andian_o and_o cemonians_n note_v by_o other_o be_v suffragans_fw-la unto_o he_o the_o chief_a seat_n of_o justice_n when_o the_o parisian_n rebel_v be_v translate_v hither_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o traffic_n in_o silk_n and_o also_o cloth_n be_v much_o use_v in_o toures_n both_o which_o do_v enrich_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v revenue_n out_o of_o their_o land_n on_o which_o they_o live_v gallant_o the_o city_n 〈◊〉_d adorn_v with_o fair_a magnificent_a temple_n among_o which_o be_v that_o which_o be_v dedicate_v to_o d._n gratian_n build_v by_o the_o english_a with_o a_o clock-dyall_n on_o it_o and_o another_o consecrate_v to_o d._n martinus_n in_o which_o his_o bone_n and_o ash_n do_v rest_n which_o the_o by-dweller_n do_v honour_n with_o religion_n worship_n here_o gregory_n who_o from_o his_o country_n be_v call_v juâ—orersis_n be_v bear_v who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 600._o who_o write_n for_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n be_v much_o esteem_v by_o posterity_n it_o contain_v the_o ash_n of_o that_o great_a poet_n p._n ronsard_n who_o they_o call_v the_o french_a homer_n and_o â—inaaâ—_fw-fr it_o be_v sometime_o govern_v by_o fail_v afterward_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o britain_n but_o when_o john_n his_o nephew_n arthuâ—_n be_v slay_v possess_v the_o county_n the_o province_n be_v confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o high_a senate_n of_o france_n after_o which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v make_v it_o a_o dukedom_n and_o give_v it_o for_o a_o time_n to_o the_o minorite_n friar_n here_o four_o chief_a french_a counsel_n be_v keep_v here_o be_v also_o a_o money_n mint_n famous_a for_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o ordinary_a magistrate_n and_o have_v two_o prefect_n beside_o a_o mayor_n and_o auditor_n to_o maintain_v the_o right_n privildge_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v also_o a_o court_n of_o the_o quaestor_n auditor_n and_o receiver_n of_o the_o public_a custom_n and_o imposition_n but_o to_o conclude_v we_o will_v set_v down_o a_o elegant_a description_n of_o this_o place_n be_v take_v out_o of_o briton_n philipeides_n thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o turone_n they_o go_v round_o about_o which_o two_o shine_a stream_n do_v flow_v here_o the_o river_n ligaris_n there_o caurus_n and_o it_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o both_o do_v stand_v well_o seat_v and_o fair_a stream_n do_v it_o adorn_v be_v full_a of_o tree_n and_o have_v store_n of_o corn_n proud_a of_o her_o citizen_n and_o clergy_n who_o be_v very_o powerful_a beside_o she_o can_v show_v great_a store_n of_o people_n and_o