kingdom_n of_o kent_n concern_v ethelbert_n the_o four_o king_n after_o hengist_n of_o who_o he_o use_v these_o word_n this_o noble_a king_n have_v a_o care_n for_o they_o that_o shall_v come_v after_o bring_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n into_o their_o own_o mother_n tongue_n observe_v here_o that_o by_o this_o time_n from_o the_o saxon_n first_o arrival_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o kentish_a speak_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n their_o language_n before_o be_v british_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n the_o country_n of_o king_n ethelbert_n be_v kont_a and_o his_o mother_n tongue_n be_v saxon_a now_o ethelbert_n find_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n british_a the_o saxon_a tongue_n general_o speak_v bring_v those_o law_n out_o of_o british_a into_o saxon_n and_o this_o be_v the_o naked_a meaning_n of_o it_o i_o find_v judicialis_fw-la find_v bedas_n eccl._n hist_n l._n 2._o cap._n 5._o ait_fw-la ethelbertum_n cantiae_fw-la regem_fw-la scripsisse_fw-la idiomate_fw-la saxonice_n libellum_fw-la cvi_fw-la nomen_fw-la indidit_fw-la decreta_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la atque_fw-la judicia_fw-la illa_fw-la vel_fw-la sva_fw-la memoria_fw-la tradit_fw-la suisse_fw-la observata_fw-la aluredus_fw-la in_o praefatione_fw-la legum_fw-la satetur_fw-la se_fw-la ex_fw-la ethelberto_n sumpsisse_fw-la nonnulla_fw-la quid_fw-la plura_fw-la asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la olim_fw-la aluredo_fw-la regi_fw-la familiaris_fw-la prodit_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regen_n saxonicis_n mandasse_fw-la literis_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la decreta_fw-la verum_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la non_fw-la pervenire_fw-la injuria_fw-la temporum_fw-la this_o out_o of_o the_o glossary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n under_o this_o word_n libre_fw-la judicialis_fw-la reference_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o saxon_n law_n to_o a_o old_a book_n of_o law_n as_o if_o these_o be_v but_o only_a excerption_n out_o of_o it_o as_o in_o the_o five_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n de_fw-fr irruptione_n in_o templum_n it_o be_v say_v triplicis_fw-la ordalii_fw-la sententia_fw-la convincatur_fw-la be_v prout_fw-la in_o libro_fw-la habetur_fw-la judiciali_fw-la compenfato_fw-la and_o this_o in_o the_o saxon_a be_v call_v domboc_a not_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o domesday_n we_o have_v in_o the_o exchequer_n of_o which_o sort_n writer_n do_v also_o mention_v a_o former_a both_o of_o they_o be_v only_o survey_v or_o description_n of_o land_n but_o a_o book_n of_o judgement_n for_o so_o do_v doom_n signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o like_a i_o find_v in_o the_o five_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n where_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o he_o that_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o lord_n day_n funnan_n dae_fw-la ges_fw-la poenas_fw-la in_fw-la judiciali_fw-la libro_fw-la descriptas_fw-la pendito_fw-mi so_o likewise_o in_o the_o eight_o of_o king_n edovards_n law_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v etiam_fw-la id_fw-la compensationis_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o libro_fw-la judiciali_fw-la continetur_fw-la praestato_fw-la molmutii_fw-la praestato_fw-la leges_fw-la molmutii_fw-la duawalloâ—is_fw-la gildas_n cambrius_n in_o latinum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la transtulit_fw-la &_o alphredus_fw-la magnus_fw-la in_o saxonicum_fw-la balaeus_n in_o vita_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la molmutii_fw-la which_o book_n i_o suppose_v contain_v their_o ancient_a law_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o british_a though_o perhaps_o since_o the_o receive_n of_o christianity_n intermingle_v with_o much_o of_o the_o mosaical-judicial-law_n introduce_v both_o by_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o zealous-primitive-christian-saxon_a king_n to_o which_o law_n and_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n thereof_o eleutherius_fw-la the_o pope_n or_o bishop_n of_o rome_n counsel_v and_o refer_v lucius_n the_o brytain_n long_a time_n afore_o this_o age_n we_o be_v now_o write_v of_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o they_o have_v diversity_n of_o law_n as_o they_o be_v improper_o call_v viz._n merchenlaege_n westsaxonlaege_n and_o danelaege_n which_o not_o at_o all_o relate_v to_o a_o different_a law_n kind_a custom_n or_o usage_n but_o to_o several_a sort_n of_o amerciament_n mulct_n and_o fine_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n i_o say_v this_o be_v general_o so_o and_o so_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o second_o of_o king_n alured_n law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o such_o as_o violate_v sanctuary_n and_o be_v this_o mulcta_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la capitis_fw-la aestimatione_fw-la prout_fw-la ejus_fw-la gentis_fw-la feret_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o difference_n of_o fines_n and_o pecuniary_a imposition_n i_o find_v frequent_o but_o very_o little_o beside_o which_o be_v also_o all_o the_o impression_n that_o i_o can_v perceive_v the_o rude_a dane_n make_v upon_o the_o english_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o law_n for_o during_o their_o time_n edward_n the_o confessor_n look_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n as_o alter_v but_o say_v they_o be_v asleep_a for_o above_o threescore_o year_n as_o in_o a_o discourse_n concern_v they_o he_o have_v it_o and_o magnify_v they_o so_o high_o that_o in_o his_o restoration_n of_o they_o he_o will_v have_v they_o think_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o he_o report_v they_o make_v by_o his_o frand-father_n confessoris_fw-la frand-father_n omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la hominâ—s_fw-la uniuâ—â—st_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la in_fw-la pleno_fw-la folcmote_a fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regm_n hanc_fw-la legem_fw-la invenit_fw-la arthuruâ—_n qui_fw-fr quoadam_n suis_fw-la inclytissimus_fw-la rex_fw-la brytonum_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la consolidavit_fw-la &_o confoederavit_fw-la regnuâ—n_fw-la britanniae_fw-la universum_fw-la semper_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la huius_fw-la legis_fw-la authoritate_fw-la expulit_fw-la arthurus_n praedictus_fw-la saracenos_n &_o inimicos_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la lex_fw-la enimista_fw-la diu_fw-la sopita_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o sepulta_fw-la donec_fw-la edgdrus_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la illam_fw-la excilavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o leg_n 35._o edovardi_fw-la confessoris_fw-la edgar_n by_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o put_v a_o repute_n upon_o they_o for_o edgar_n be_v a_o wife_n and_o prudent_a prince_n and_o do_v urgent_o press_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o so_o that_o king_n edward_n ascribe_v they_o unto_o he_o as_o these_o very_a law_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o holy_a king_n edward_n and_o be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n before_o edgar_n do_v use_v notwithstanding_o all_o which_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o corroboration_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o london_n as_o to_o their_o husâ—â—ings_n and_o other_o court_n he_o declare_v the_o antiquity_n of_o they_o to_o be_v far_o great_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o i_o believe_v be_v coetanious_a with_o the_o ancient_a british_a law_n if_o we_o shall_v grant_v and_o allow_v the_o same_o antiquity_n to_o town_n and_o city_n with_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o the_o isle_n he_o say_v debet_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o london_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la caput_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o legum_n semper_fw-la curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regius_fw-la singulis_fw-la septimanis_fw-la die_fw-la lunae_fw-la hustengis_fw-la sedere_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d â—â—nd_v at_o a_o enim_fw-la erat_fw-la olim_fw-la &_o aedisicata_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la â—â—â—dum_fw-la &_o in_o memoriom_n veteris_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la &_o ufque_n in_o bodiernum_fw-la diem_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o jura_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la libertates_fw-la regiasque_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la untiquae_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la in_o se_fw-la continet_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la una_fw-la semper_fw-la inviolabilitate_fw-la coâ—servat_fw-la here_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o as_o well_o as_o london_n enjoy_v her_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n not_o at_o all_o infringe_v from_o so_o great_a antiquity_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a revolution_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n saxon_n and_o dane_n other_o place_n of_o the_o same_o island_n may_v also_o probable_o enjoy_v the_o same_o favour_n and_o hold_v their_o custom_n law_n and_o tenor_n from_o as_o great_a antiquity_n but_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o revolution_n let_v we_o now_o inquire_v what_o probability_n we_o have_v to_o believe_v that_o chap._n iu._n william_n the_o conqueror_n alter_v not_o but_o confirm_v the_o saxon_a law_n the_o antiquity_n and_o different_a use_n of_o juries_n english_a claim_n and_o recover_v their_o land_n by_o law_n against_o the_o norman_n of_o our_o common_a law_n our_o custom_n forfeiture_n seal_v coverfeu_n exchequer_n fashion_n language_n write_v manner_n of_o fights_z fortification_n and_o building_n have_v pass_v through_o these_o mist_n and_o cloud_n of_o elder_a time_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o see_v what_o loss_n or_o alteration_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n we_o receive_v by_o the_o haereditatis_fw-la the_o the_o denomination_n here_o of_o william_n the_o first_o by_o conquestor_n or_o conqueror_n and_o this_o the_o norman_a conquest_n have_v stumble_v many_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o if_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o eaglish_a by_o his_o victorious_a success_n over_o harald_n and_o so_o be_v loath_a to_o afford_v it_o any_o courteous_a reception_n
board_n or_o table_n and_o cotarii_fw-la be_v cottager_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o a_o cottage_n 1._o cottage_n anno_fw-la 4._o ed._n 1._o stat._n 1._o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o house_n without_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tugurium_fw-la and_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o â—egendo_fw-la so_o as_o this_o be_v in_o signification_n a_o cover_n or_o shelter_n because_o those_o small_a habitation_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cover_v they_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o weather_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a mistake_n the_o whole_a current_n of_o writer_n have_v run_v into_o those_o who_o work_n have_v be_v publish_v within_o these_o last_o 300_o year_n where_o they_o general_o endeavour_v to_o load_v all_o the_o indignity_n of_o tenor_n of_o servility_n and_o vassalage_n upon_o this_o norman_a change_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o be_v at_o that_o time_n introduce_v especial_o many_o jocular_a tenor_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o not_o of_o any_o general_a concernment_n but_o hence_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o conclude_v that_o all_o tenor_n of_o servility_n be_v of_o their_o introduction_n mr._n s._n continue_v in_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o 104_o page_n where_o he_o write_v that_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n fee-farm_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o say_v he_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o etc._n etc._n perhaps_o those_o compound_n may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o consultation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n but_o for_o the_o word_n fee_n minshew_n discourse_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o for_o say_v he_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n either_o not_o observe_v from_o whence_o the_o word_n grow_v or_o at_o least_o not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o knowledge_n what_o it_o signify_v among_o they_o from_o who_o they_o take_v it_o feudum_fw-la whence_o the_o word_n fief_n or_o fee_n come_v signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n 107._o language_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v mr._n s._n labour_n to_o deduce_v it_o from_o a_o saxon_a original_a p._n 107._o beneficium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nomine_fw-la opera_fw-la quaedam_fw-la gratiae_fw-la testificandae_fw-la causa_fw-la debentur_fw-la and_o our_o of_o hotoman_n say_v that_o by_o this_o name_n go_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n that_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superiority_n to_o any_o high_a lord_n so_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o the_o crown_n land_n hold_v that_o be_v of_o feudum_n or_o fee_n for_o he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estute_n say_v but_o this_o seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_n meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seudo_fw-la which_o be_v i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v my_o demain_fw-fr or_o proper_a land_n after_o a_o sort_n because_o it_o be_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n for_o ever_o yet_o not_o simple_o i_o because_o i_o hold_v it_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o benefit_n from_o another_o and_o fee-tayl_n as_o distinguish_v be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o that_o minshew_n observe_v it_o to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n 2._o c._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v anno_fw-la 13._o edw._n 1._o the_o word_n feud_n be_v use_v familiar_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germanye_n for_o what_o concerus_a grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n i_o believe_v the_o word_n to_o be_v french_a and_o so_o introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n to_o express_v those_o service_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n such_o service_n be_v reserve_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n the_o service_n of_o escuage_z be_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n though_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n the_o like_a be_v of_o burgage_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o yearly_a rent_n whereby_o man_n of_o city_n and_o burrows_n hold_v their_o land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n concern_v villeinage_n mr._n s._n do_v cite_v out_o of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n in_o mepham_n under_o the_o term_n of_o agenes-land_n this_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a passage_n which_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v convince_v i_o that_o there_o have_v be_v villain_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v this_o et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sva_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alledio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o his_o 114._o page_n cit_v a_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o and_o 21._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v make_v thereby_o to_o signify_v villanus_fw-la or_o colonus_n and_o it_o be_v convict_v by_o domesdey_n book_n survey_v in_o sudsexe_n thus_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n viz._n de_fw-mi warene_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la v._n hide_v &_o dim_a tran_n est_fw-la iii_o car_n in_o dnino_fw-la est_fw-la dimid_n car_fw-fr &_o xviii_o villain_n &_o ix_o bordarii_fw-la cum_fw-la iii_o car_n &_o uno_fw-la servo_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iv_o milia_fw-la alletium_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n tenet_fw-la widardus_fw-la de_fw-fr willo_n vi_o hide_v &_o unam_fw-la vs._n &_o proâ—tanto_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la tres_n aloarn_v tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuerunt_fw-la ire_n quolibet_fw-la unus_n ex_fw-la eye_n habuit_fw-la aulam_fw-la &_o villani_n tenuerunt_fw-la part_n aliorum_fw-la duorum_fw-la here_o be_v a_o express_a of_o a_o servus_n and_o also_o of_o the_o villani_n who_o hold_v this_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o this_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o more_o but_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n say_v that_o villani_n in_o domesday_n be_v not_o there_o take_v for_o bondman_n but_o have_v their_o name_n de_fw-fr villis_fw-la because_o they_o have_v ferm_n and_o there_o do_v work_n of_o husbandry_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v ever_o before_o name_v bordarii_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o mr._n s._n in_o what_o i_o cite_v before_o of_o he_o concern_v bordmanni_n which_o i_o believe_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o bordarii_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bondman_n be_v call_v servi_n thus_o sir_n edward_n coke_n but_o i_o believe_v the_o norman_n find_v these_o villain_n here_o even_o by_o their_o name_n by_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stand_n for_o that_o i_o find_v they_o know_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o that_o title_n as_o they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a in_o a_o law_n which_o before_o in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d i_o mention_v be_v notice_n take_v of_o a_o king_n villain_n and_o of_o a_o nobleman_n villain_n and_o then_o another_o that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o the_o foster-children_n of_o divide_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o villain_n but_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o to_o bring_v the_o proof_n in_o those_o law_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v how_o that_o tres_fw-la homines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la possunt_fw-la uâ—a_fw-la die_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o i_o guess_v it_o they_o be_v make_v gentleman_n in_o one_o day_n here_o you_o must_v take_v the_o latin_a as_o i_o find_v it_o captivus_fw-la si_fw-la movetus_fw-la in_o swyd_n de_fw-fr xxiv_o officialibus_fw-la swyd_n be_v dignitas_fw-la dignity_n so_o 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&_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la postea_fw-la sunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la that_o
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tartary_n and_o persia_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1633._o and_o finish_v in_o 1639._o contain_v a_o complete_a history_n of_o those_o country_n whereto_o be_v add_v the_o travel_n of_o john_n albert_n de_fw-fr mandelslo_n from_o persia_n into_o the_o east-indies_n begin_v in_o 1638._o and_o finish_v in_o 1640._o the_o whole_a illustrate_v with_o divers_a accurate_a map_n and_o figure_n and_o write_v by_o adam_n olearius_n secretary_n to_o the_o embassy_n the_o world_n survey_v or_o the_o famous_a voyage_n and_o travel_n of_o vincent_n de_fw-fr blanc_n of_o marseilles_n into_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n persia_n pegu_n fez_n morocco_n guinny_n and_o through_o all_o africa_n and_o the_o principal_a province_n of_o europe_n a_o practical_a and_o polemical_a commentary_n or_o exposition_n upon_o the_o three_o and_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o â—atter_n epistle_n of_o saint_n paul_n to_o timothy_n by_o thomas_n hall_n b._n d._n brevia_fw-la judicialia_fw-la or_o a_o exact_a 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coronatus_n est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la de_fw-fr wight_n manu_fw-la regius_fw-la &_o paulo_fw-la post_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la richardus_fw-la rex_fw-la secuadus_fw-la cum_fw-la robertum_fw-la comitem_fw-la oxoniae_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o marchiâ—_n dubliniae_fw-la &_o dux_n hiberniae_fw-la fait_fw-fr regem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la creare_fw-la destinarat_fw-la se_fw-la interea_fw-la insulam_fw-la illam_fw-la non_fw-la minore_fw-la quam_fw-la regis_fw-la tametsi_fw-la domini_fw-la nomen_fw-la tunc_fw-la uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la henrici_fw-la octavi_fw-la tempora_fw-la posteriora_fw-la regis_fw-la ibi_fw-la vicem_fw-la omnina_fw-la suppleret_fw-la titulo_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la possidere_fw-la proculdubio_fw-la non_fw-la dubitavit_fw-la by_o which_o custom_n bring_v down_o so_o near_o our_o age_n and_o deduce_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o we_o find_v so_o many_o in_o several_a age_n dignify_v with_o that_o title_n either_o 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arthur_n of_o one_o gorvodius_n king_n of_o the_o same_o place_n after_o he_o but_o i_o can_v let_v pass_n that_o which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o record_n transcribe_v into_o a_o register_n book_n of_o one_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n certify_v as_o i_o guess_v from_o innocent_a the_o three_o concern_v a_o donation_n to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n wherein_o the_o donor_n be_v term_v regulus_n his_o name_n at_o present_a i_o do_v not_o remember_v but_o reforr_n it_o to_o another_o place_n he_o be_v say_v to_o fortify_v his_o gift_n to_o the_o church_n in_o it_o to_o be_v in_o plena_fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la milfrith_n the_o principal_a benefactor_n if_o not_o founder_n of_o the_o minster_n at_o hereford_n be_v denominate_v sometime_o regulus_n sometime_o rex_fw-la four_o reguli_fw-la in_o kent_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n witness_v to_o a_o charter_n of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thereof_o in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n brit._n cambd._n in_o brit._n quatuor_fw-la erant_fw-la reguli_fw-la qui_fw-la cantio_fw-la praeerant_fw-la cingetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n &_o segoâ—ax_n upon_o
one_o that_o reject_v it_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v of_o another_o original_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o what_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n write_v concern_v the_o city_n of_o london_n that_o fundata_fw-la erat_fw-la olim_fw-la &_o aedificata_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la modum_fw-la &_o in_o memoriam_fw-la veteris_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la he_o call_v it_o veteris_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o young_a troy_n for_o perhaps_o that_o age_n have_v the_o conceit_n also_o of_o its_o be_v call_v troynovant_n found_v and_o build_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o other_o old_a troy_n which_o in_o case_n it_o shall_v prove_v to_o be_v so_o call_v what_o reason_n have_v the_o first_o founder_n to_o make_v it_o ad_fw-la modum_fw-la and_o in_fw-la memoriam_fw-la thereof_o unless_o they_o have_v be_v relate_v thereunto_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v its_o site_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o trinobantes_n the_o sound_n of_o which_o name_n may_v very_o probable_o administer_v much_o to_o the_o conceit_n but_o my_o design_n now_o be_v to_o weaken_v the_o vulgar_a opinion_n begin_v by_o the_o secret_a distaste_v of_o polydore_n virgil_n and_o follow_v by_o very_a many_o impute_v it_o to_o be_v the_o fiction_n of_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la who_o be_v the_o translator_n only_o of_o a_o history_n out_o of_o such_o a_o language_n as_o polydore_v do_v not_o understand_v notwithstanding_o his_o be_v a_o canon_n of_o hereford_n and_o so_o consequent_o live_v very_o near_o to_o wales_n who_o set_v out_o his_o english_a history_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o in_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v he_o labour_v to_o disparage_v the_o british_a antiquity_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o king_n henry_n have_v power_n to_o search_v all_o record_n be_v report_v to_o have_v seize_v the_o most_o ancient_a thereof_o that_o be_v in_o be_v in_o the_o treasury_n of_o landaf_n and_o to_o have_v destroy_v they_o something_o of_o which_o nature_n i_o have_v also_o see_v for_o in_o a_o register_n book_n compile_v by_o hereford_n by_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n st._n thomas_n de_fw-fr cantilupe_n i_o find_v three_o leaf_n cut_v out_o which_o by_o a_o constant_a and_o confident_a tradition_n of_o the_o register_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o hereford_n in_o who_o custody_n that_o book_n be_v it_o be_v aver_v that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o polydore_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o his_o history_n be_v make_v public_a he_o be_v encounter_v by_o sir_n john_n price_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v defensio_fw-la historiae_fw-la brytannicae_n contra_fw-la polydorem_fw-la virgilium_fw-la unto_o his_o labour_n i_o shall_v refer_v the_o desirous_a reader_n but_o among_o other_o thing_n well_o worth_a the_o view_n he_o show_v the_o probability_n of_o the_o first_o british_n planter_n here_o their_o extraction_n and_o derivation_n from_o the_o grecian_n back_v with_o many_o considerable_a argument_n and_o unvulgar_a observation_n upon_o antiquity_n take_v from_o their_o language_n letter_n name_n etc._n etc._n but_o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o conjecture_n of_o trojanism_n be_v far_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o virgilian_a opinion_n will_v make_v it_o to_o be_v not_o only_o by_o what_o i_o have_v gather_v out_o of_o that_o discourse_n new_o cite_v of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n concern_v the_o exemplar_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n but_o also_o long_o before_o this_o from_o a_o expression_n of_o textor_n of_o m.s._n peâ—es_o authorem_fw-la &_o citat_fw-la à _fw-fr joanne_n prisaeo_n in_o defension_n sva_fw-la histor._n brit._n etc._n etc._n of_o who_o balaeus_n among_o his_o ancient_a writer_n say_v teliesin_n claruit_fw-la anno_fw-la salutis_fw-la humanae_fw-la 540._o arthurâ—_n adhuc_fw-la in_fw-la brytannia_n regnante_fw-la mr._n wheelock_n out_o of_o a_o ancient_a m.s._n in_o trinity_n coll._n camb._n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o â—ede_n cite_v this_o of_o he_o come_v þe_o good_a bruigt_n Æ¿at_o Æ¿a_v þe_v furste_v man_n ðat_v loverd_v Æ¿ar_n in_o engelond_n that_o be_v of_o he_o viz._n dardan_n come_v the_o good_a brute_n that_o be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o be_v honour_v in_o england_n or_o lord_v there_o sir_n edw._n biss_fw-ge my_o honour_a friend_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o vpton_n write_v p._n 41._o joannes_n hantvillensis_n sive_fw-la hantwillensis_n nostras_fw-la claruit_fw-la anno_fw-la 1200._o regnante_fw-la joanne_n libros_fw-la de_fw-la bruto_fw-la xvi_o quemadmodum_fw-la in_fw-la gesnerianae_n bibliothecae_fw-la simleriana_n legitur_fw-la epitome_n sed_fw-la pitseus_fw-la ait_fw-la poëmâ—t_fw-la id_fw-la libris_fw-la ix_o constare_fw-la ludebat_fw-la archithrenium_fw-la autem_fw-la appellavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n atqui_fw-la hinc_fw-la ipse_fw-la etiam_fw-la archithreniâ—â—_n nominatus_fw-la eum_n laudat_fw-la petrarcha_fw-la giraldus_n vives_z vossius_fw-la textor_n balaeus_n &_o textor_n ambrose_n telesinus_n a_o monk_n of_o bangor_n who_o live_v in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o saxon_n enterprise_n upon_o brytain_n and_o by_o the_o welsh_a be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o penbeird_n i._n e._n princeps_fw-la bardorum_fw-la he_o in_o one_o of_o his_o cant_n large_o discourse_v of_o the_o saxon_n their_o violence_n and_o rapine_n by_o a_o apostrophe_n revert_v from_o they_o to_o give_v comfort_n to_o his_o countryman_n the_o britain_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o disaster_n express_v himself_o thus_o now_o will_v i_o return_v y_o weddilion_n trojon_n to_o the_o relic_n of_o troy_n plain_o by_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n intend_v the_o britain_n who_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o preserve_v remainder_n after_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n and_o those_o that_o have_v endeavour_v the_o reducement_n of_o british_a word_n and_o denomination_n to_o a_o original_a from_o the_o greek_a have_v do_v it_o with_o good_a success_n and_o without_o any_o such_o force_n as_o many_o etymologist_n of_o other_o language_n have_v labour_v under_o and_o perhaps_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o our_o island_n will_v with_o more_o probability_n be_v find_v from_o that_o language_n than_o from_o any_o other_o for_o sure_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o greek_a termination_n as_o in_o several_a appellation_n believe_v to_o be_v by_o they_o impose_v upon_o place_n be_v to_o be_v perceive_v like_v as_o in_o lusitania_n mauritania_n tingitania_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v take_v to_o signify_v regio_n a_o region_n but_o to_o mr._n s_n question_n strengthen_v with_o this_o position_n viz._n that_o with_o they_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o prerogative_n of_o primogeniture_n monopolise_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n i_o answer_v that_o if_o our_o britain_n do_v claim_v descent_n from_o the_o trojan_n those_o that_o have_v but_o look_v into_o the_o trojan_a british_a history_n may_v with_o small_a labour_n have_v find_v that_o brute_n the_o trojan_a have_v three_o son_n camber_n loeger_n and_o albanact_n and_o have_v the_o whole_a island_n at_o his_o dispose_n divide_v it_o among_o they_o from_o who_o name_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o those_o that_o write_v this_o story_n that_o the_o triplicite_a division_n of_o cambria_n loegria_n and_o albania_n first_o take_v their_o original_a and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o britain_n the_o ancient_a proprietor_n and_o inhabiter_n of_o this_o land_n know_v not_o themselves_o under_o the_o denomination_n of_o welsh_a littleton_n welsh_a north-gale_n wales_n wallia_fw-la come_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n wealk_v which_o signify_v peregrinus_n or_o exterus_fw-la for_o the_o saxoas_n so_o call_v they_o because_o in_o troth_n they_o be_v stranger_n to_o they_o be_v the_o remain_n of_o the_o old_a and_o ancient_a britain_n a_o wise_a and_o warlike_a nation_n inhabit_v in_o the_o west-part_n of_o england_n these_o man_n have_v keep_v their_o proper_a language_n for_o above_o these_o thousand_o year_n past_a and_o they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v we_o englishman_n saison_n that_o be_v saxon_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n that_o word_n be_v as_o much_o a_o stranger_n to_o they_o as_o in_o its_o own_o natural_a signification_n it_o be_v unto_o itself_o for_o by_o it_o do_v the_o dutch_a call_v the_o border_v french_a and_o italian_n unto_o this_o day_n and_o be_v that_o appellation_n which_o the_o saxon_n impose_v on_o the_o britain_n who_o like_o unmannerly_a guest_n call_v their_o landlord_n or_o host_n the_o true_a proprietor_n even_o as_o i_o may_v say_v in_o their_o own_o house_n the_o stranger_n but_o the_o britain_n do_v ancient_o and_o still_o do_v call_v themselves_o cwmri_n their_o language_n cwmraeg_n and_o this_o fancy_a to_o be_v from_o camber_n the_o same_o britain_n call_n england_n in_o their_o own_o language_n lloiger_n upon_o the_o same_o fancy_n as_o before_o suppose_v to_o be_v denominate_v from_o loeger_n another_o of_o the_o son_n of_o brute_n yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o call_v such_o inhabitant_n as_o live_v in_o this_o part_n and_o division_n by_o they_o
officinas_fw-la aâ—â—â—as_fw-la habent_fw-la vinum_fw-la quoque_fw-la sive_fw-la uvae_fw-la colligaâ—tur_fw-la sive_fw-la ipsum_fw-la in_o râ—gâ—o_n divendatur_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o exteras_fw-la regiones_fw-la navibus_fw-la deseratur_fw-la etc._n etc._n pag._n 78._o alcabala_n or_o alcavala_n which_o as_o minshew_n do_v expound_v it_o be_v datio_fw-la redditus_fw-la census_n tributum_fw-la vectigal_n portorium_n and_o in_o english_a be_v render_v a_o impost_n custom_n tax_n toll_n or_o tribute_n and_o from_o our_o use_n of_o it_o be_v call_v gabell_n gabella_n gablum_fw-la he_o add_v that_o it_o come_v of_o the_o french_a word_n gabelle_n that_o be_v vecligal_n and_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n among_o our_o old_a writer_n as_o gabelle_n have_v in_o the_o french_a and_o then_o conclude_v gabella_n as_o cassan_n define_v it_o the_o consuet_n burg._n f._n 119._o est_fw-fr vectigal_a quod_fw-la solvitur_fw-la pro_fw-la bonis_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la vehunâ—ur_fw-la distinguish_v it_o from_o tributum_fw-la for_o this_o reason_n quia_fw-la tributum_fw-la est_fw-la propriè_fw-la quod_fw-la fisco_fw-la vel_fw-la principi_fw-la solvatur_fw-la pro_fw-la rebus_fw-la immobilibus_fw-la and_o be_v the_o fame_n which_o mr._n s._n pag._n 23._o upon_o swine-gavel_a do_v cite_v et_fw-fr de_fw-fr viis._n xd._n de_fw-fr tribus_fw-la porcis_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi venditis_fw-la in_o which_o place_n this_o de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi signify_v for_o gable_n or_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o imposition_n and_o certain_o may_v without_o any_o force_n upon_o the_o word_n be_v render_v at_o large_a as_o mr._n s._n have_v do_v it_o a_o rent_n for_o rent_n in_o latin_a be_v redditus_fw-la which_o be_v a_o payment_n make_v or_o give_v for_o any_o thing_n whatever_o and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n write_v of_o rent_n say_v 213._o l._n 2._o c._n 12._o s_o 213._o that_o bysome_a redditus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la à _fw-la redeundo_fw-la quia_fw-la retro_fw-la it_o &_o quotannis_fw-la reddit_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o reddendo_fw-la inde_fw-la or_o reservando_fw-la inde_fw-la or_o the_o like_a be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o that_o the_o tenant_n or_o lessee_n shall_v pay_v so_o much_o out_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n for_o reddere_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la acceptum_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquam_fw-la partem_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la restituere_fw-la seu_fw-la reddere_fw-la est_fw-la quasi_fw-la retro_fw-la dare_v and_o hereof_o come_v redditus_fw-la for_o a_o rent_n and_o add_v this_o to_o it_o here_o note_v say_v he_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o ancient_a record_n statute_n charter_n etc._n etc._n that_o gabell_n or_o gavel_n gablum_fw-la gabellum_fw-la gabellettum_n galbellettum_n and_o gavillettum_n do_v signify_v a_o rent_n custom_n duty_n or_o service_n yield_v or_o do_v to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n and_o then_o cite_v domesdey_n book_n which_o he_o have_v thus_o wallingford_n continet_fw-la cclxxvi_o hagas_n i_o e._n domos_fw-la reddentes_fw-la ix_o liberas_fw-la de_fw-la gablo_fw-mi i._n e._n de_fw-la redditu_fw-la the_o which_o i_o myself_o transcribe_v out_o of_o the_o original_a book_n find_v it_o to_o be_v thus_o in_o burgo_n de_fw-fr wallingeford_n habuit_fw-la rex_fw-la edw._n viii_o virgat_fw-la terre_fw-fr &_o in_o his_o erant_fw-la 276._o hage_n reddentes_fw-la xi_o lib._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi so_o that_o liberas_fw-la shall_v be_v correct_v and_o read_v libras_fw-la the_o other_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o citation_n be_v only_a sir_n edward_n coke_n his_o comment_n or_o construction_n of_o it_o berrochescire_fw-la xi_o lib._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi &_o qui_fw-la ibi_fw-la manebant_fw-la faciebant_fw-la servitium_fw-la regis_fw-la cum_fw-la equis_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la aquam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la blidberiam_fw-la reddinge_n sudtone_n besentone_n &_o hoc_fw-la facientibus_fw-la dabat_fw-la prepositus_fw-la conredium_fw-la mercedem_fw-la non_fw-fr de_fw-fr censu_fw-la regis_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la exit_fw-la domesd_v in_o berrochescire_fw-la but_o this_o it_o seem_v he_o take_v for_o grant_v that_o gablum_fw-la have_v no_o other_o signification_n than_o rent_n for_o by_o the_o same_o record_n to_o be_v sure_a that_o that_o rent_n of_o xil._n not_o ixl._n shall_v come_v into_o the_o king_n coffer_n there_o be_v a_o paragraph_n that_o provide_v for_o it_o where_o it_o be_v write_v what_o and_o how_o the_o soldier_n that_o the_o burrow_n shall_v find_v upon_o all_o occasion_n for_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o and_o be_v thus_o order_v conredium_fw-la mercedem_fw-la non_fw-fr de_fw-fr censu_fw-la regis_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la all_o the_o cen_n or_o rent_n that_o the_o king_n have_v that_o i_o can_v find_v be_v that_o gablum_fw-la of_o eleven_o pound_n and_o this_o gablum_fw-la be_v not_o always_o pay_v in_o money_n for_o in_o sudsexe_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o land_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr warene_n in_o the_o same_o record_n be_v this_o that_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n that_o be_v of_o william_n of_o warren_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n in_o dominio_fw-la etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iu._n milia_fw-la alletium_n and_o under_o the_o same_o title_n it_o be_v there_o remember_v pluntune_v hugo_n filius_fw-la ranulsi_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n etc._n etc._n ibi_fw-la etc._n etc._n silua_fw-la de_fw-la xx._n porc_n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi xvii_o porc_n but_o that_o gablum_fw-la do_v as_o well_o relate_v to_o money_n as_o to_o other_o thing_n in_o kind_n either_o herring_n or_o swine_n be_v very_o plain_a by_o that_o record_n in_o domesdey_n book_n in_o windesore_n in_o berkshire_n where_o it_o be_v say_v rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la tenet_fw-la windesore_n in_o dominio_fw-la rex_fw-la edw._n tenuit_fw-la ibi_fw-la xx_o hide_v etc._n etc._n &_o adhuc_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o villa_n c._n hage_n v._o minus_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la sunt_fw-la xxvi_o quiet_a de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr aliis_fw-la exeunt_fw-la xxx_o solid_a and_o last_o out_o of_o the_o same_o book_n i_o still_o write_v in_o sommersetshire_n it_o be_v thus_o express_v under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o i_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o observe_v rex_fw-la tenet_fw-la cedre_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o chedder_n so_o famous_a for_o its_o cheese_n rex_fw-la edw._n tenuit_fw-la nunquam_fw-la geldavit_fw-la nec_fw-la scitur_fw-la quot_fw-la hide_v sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o dominio_fw-la etc._n etc._n xx._n bord._n cum_fw-la xvii_o car_fw-fr &_o vii_o gablatores_fw-la red_a xvii_o s._n these_o seven_o gablatores_fw-la do_v pay_v for_o rent_n 17_o shilling_n and_o from_o their_o pay_v of_o rent_n be_v term_v gablatores_fw-la to_o i_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o this_o gablum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o rent_n or_o payment_n make_v upon_o contract_n or_o bargain_n and_o have_v relation_n to_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o power_n and_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o these_o different_a sort_n of_o payment_n be_v pass_v in_o domesdey_n book_n under_o several_a expression_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o where_o sometime_o it_o be_v write_v that_o one_o reddit_fw-la to_o such_o a_o one_o so_o much_o without_o any_o other_o addition_n and_o this_o i_o believe_v be_v rend_v upon_o agreement_n and_o contract_n another_o reddit_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la so_o much_o and_o a_o three_o red_z it_z de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi so_o much_o and_o if_o the_o oate-gavel_a and_o the_o werke-gavel_a be_v take_v into_o this_o observation_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n by_o mr._n s._n mention_v they_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v of_o the_o offspring_n of_o gablum_fw-la and_o shall_v have_v rather_o be_v write_v with_o a_o b._n than_o a_o five_o consonant_a which_o transmigration_n be_v so_o familiar_a in_o our_o european_a language_n that_o nothing_o more_o frequent_o occurr_n and_o not_o only_o among_o these_o but_o also_o in_o most_o of_o the_o oriental_a language_n where_o the_o beth_n or_o b_o masculine_a do_v pass_v after_o the_o same_o effeminate_a manner_n into_o v._o especial_o where_o in_o the_o hebrew_n and_o chaldaic_a there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v the_o difference_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o dagesch_n or_o prick_n in_o the_o letter_n without_o which_o it_o be_v sound_v as_o a_o aspirate_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v the_o f._n familiar_o turn_v again_o into_o five_o consonant_a as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o most_o language_n especial_o in_o the_o british_a but_o to_o return_v to_o this_o word_n gavel_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v receive_v a_o common_a acceptation_n and_o that_o according_a to_o what_o mr._n s._n have_v render_v it_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o make_v out_o to_o be_v the_o chief_a acme_n of_o his_o design_n and_o all_o be_v to_o have_v it_o signify_v a_o rent_n or_o imposition_n in_o which_o we_o be_v agree_v but_o then_o in_o this_o we_o differ_v and_o dissent_v that_o there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v to_o it_o any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o be_v my_o opinion_n and_o which_o mr._n s._n will_v hardly_o
admit_v but_o to_o run_v over_o some_o more_o of_o his_o gable_n that_o which_o he_o discourse_v of_o in_o his_o 30_o page_n be_v a_o for-gavel_a which_o be_v right_o render_v foris_fw-la gabulum_fw-la and_o be_v define_v to_o be_v quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o this_o correspond_v with_o what_o before_o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o duty_n beside_o over_o and_o above_o or_o beyond_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o bargain_n the_o like_a be_v in_o mete-gavel_a which_o be_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o meat_n or_o food_n swine-gavel_a which_o be_v porcorum_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o swine_n werke-gavel_a and_o werke-gabulum_a which_o be_v operis_fw-la gablum_fw-la hunig-gavel_a which_o be_v gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la domâ—sdey_n mellis_fw-la for_o before_o that_o sagar_n be_v from_o the_o indies_n bring_v among_o we_o the_o use_n of_o honey_n be_v frequent_a instead_o thereof_o so_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o very_a ancient_a rental_n as_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o honey_n as_o there_o will_v be_v require_v of_o sugar_n to_o seâ—ve_v such_o a_o family_n and_o much_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o most_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o domâ—sdey_n rent_n honey_n of_o which_o sort_n in_o domesdey_n you_o may_v find_v much_o and_o in_o the_o 60._o law_n of_o king_n ina_n we_o find_v a_o bere-gafol_a which_o be_v a_o rent_n of_o beer_n or_o rather_o barley_n as_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v it_o for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o england_n and_o in_o scotland_n they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v barley_n beer_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d speak_v of_o a_o yard_n of_o land_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v to_o signify_v mercede_fw-la conductam_fw-la that_o be_v hire_v for_o rent_n or_o wages_n so_o be_v it_o in_o the_o covenant_n betwixt_o king_n alured_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o second_o article_n where_o it_o be_v say_v but_o tan_o ðaem_v câ—oâ—le_a de_fw-fr on_o gafollande_n rit_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v thus_o siquidem_fw-la be_v rusticus_n censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la impendens_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la which_o i_o think_v in_o english_a be_v provide_v that_o that_o countryman_n do_v not_o sit_v on_o rent_a land_n for_o but_o in_o the_o old_a english_a as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o present_a scotch_a signify_v without_o or_o want_v etc._n etc._n there_o i_o find_v gafollande_n be_v turn_v into_o census_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n it_o be_v thus_o Æ¿ealisc_a monne_n etc._n etc._n ê§_n he_o ðam_v ce_a gafol-gyldan_a maeg_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v wallus_n si_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la annuum_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la which_o be_v if_o a_o welshman_n increase_v so_o in_o riches_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o can_v or_o may_v yield_v a_o yearly_a rent_n to_o the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o perhaps_o as_o we_o call_v a_o subsidy_n man_n or_o a_o man_n in_o the_o king_n book_n so_o in_o the_o six_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v if_o any_o one_o fight_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o that_o pay_v rend_v and_o in_o the_o 22._o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o so_o often_o recite_v law_n Æ¿ealh_n gafolgylda_fw-la hund_n tÆ¿_n lftig_fw-mi â—cill_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o latin_a thus_o 33._o mr._n s._n pag._n 33._o wallus_fw-la censum_fw-la pendens_fw-la annuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n gavel-man_n cite_v by_o payment_n by_o many_o there_o be_v that_o with_o mr._n selden_n account_v gafol_n to_o signify_v several_a thing_n as_o tributum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o tenure_n he_o cite_v the_o aâ—â—ales_n anglosaxoas_n in_o bibliotheca_fw-la cottoniana_n anno_fw-la 1012._o ða_o ê§_n gafol_fw-mi gelaest_n sae_z &_o frið_n aþa_v asporene_a Æ¿aeson_fw-mi þa_fw-mi to_o ferde_v se_fw-mi here_o Æ¿ide_n sÆ¿a_o he_o aer_fw-la gegaderode_o Æ¿a_v ða_o bugon_n to_o þam_fw-la ce_v of_o þam_n here_o fif_fw-mi &_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge scypa_fw-mi &_o he_o beheton_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿oldon_n þysne_v ear_a healoan_n &_o he_o he_o fedan_n sceolde_a &_o scÆ¿ydon_n id_fw-la est_fw-la tributo_fw-la soluto_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestitis_fw-la excrcitus_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la erat_fw-la congregatus_fw-la late_a dispergitur_fw-la maneb_fw-mi vit_fw-mi vero_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la exercitu_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la quinque_fw-la nave_n ipsique_fw-la side_n datâ_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la se_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la dâ—fensuros_fw-la modo_fw-la eos_fw-la aleret_fw-la &_o vestiret_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la rex_fw-la tunc_fw-la swanus_fw-la crat_fw-mi quorum_fw-la ita_fw-la pepigit_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la utrumque_fw-la autem_fw-la praestationis_fw-la quam_fw-la diximus_fw-la genus_fw-la danegeld_n danegeldum_fw-la seu_fw-la danageldum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la tributum_fw-la danicum_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la seld._n mar._n clau_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o geld_v be_v most_o proper_o tribute_n though_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o saxon_a citation_n mr._n selden_n render_v gafol_n by_o tributum_fw-la and_o proper_o it_o do_v signify_v a_o payment_n mr._n s._n which_o have_v no_o more_o in_o signification_n than_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n and_o relate_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o serious_o look_v into_o that_o many_o of_o these_o compound_n who_o have_v this_o similitude_n of_o sound_n do_v not_o hold_v under_o or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o if_o so_o here_o be_v nomen_fw-la sine_fw-la re_fw-la and_o this_o last_o may_v be_v a_o term_n as_o significant_a for_o any_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n in_o cumberland_n as_o in_o kent_n in_o this_o recite_v page_n it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n have_v right_o fix_v his_o gavel_n for_o say_v he_o one_o thing_n more_o i_o have_v to_o note_v before_o i_o leave_v gable_n gavel_n etc._n etc._n that_o with_o mala_n it_o signify_v rent_n service_n or_o custom_n and_o in_o his_o 35_o page_n he_o add_v by_o this_o time_n the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v i_o hope_v say_v he_o touch_v the_o true_a construction_n of_o gavel_n gafol_n gable_n or_o how_o ever_o else_o he_o shall_v chance_v to_o find_v it_o write_v in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n a_o rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n to_o conclude_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o mr._n s._n that_o these_o intermixture_n and_o compound_n do_v all_o hold_v a_o reference_n to_o gafol_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la that_o all_o of_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o exposition_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n or_o to_o any_o other_o tenure_n beside_o the_o rent_v or_o pay_v of_o a_o rent_n for_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v only_o one_o thing_n more_o left_a to_o be_v consider_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v in_o it_o some_o strength_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o 31._o page_n of_o mr._n s._n where_o he_o cite_v this_o &_o postea_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelate_fw-la usitatam_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la viz._n kanc_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n pro_fw-la redditibus_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la retro_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la annos_fw-la devenerunt_fw-la eaedem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la abbatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o consuetudo_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelate_v use_v in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n seem_v the_o one_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o other_o for_o mr._n s._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o gavelate_n be_v not_o a_o reut_n or_o a_o service_n but_o betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o that_o record_n say_v it_o be_v use_v in_o that_o county_n upon_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n sir_n edward_n coke_n as_o mr._n s._n himself_o cite_v he_o say_v gaveletum_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o to_o cease_v or_o let_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n breve_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelleto_fw-it in_o london_n est_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-fr cessavit_fw-la in_o biennium_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la redditu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quia_fw-la tenementa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la indistringibilia_fw-la so_o that_o this_o brief_a lay_n in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o kent_n and_o minshew_n in_o his_o dictionary_n upon_o the_o word_n gavelet_n exemplify_v it_o by_o a_o case_n that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o
equal_a portion_n but_o according_a to_o right_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v i_o have_v show_v before_o several_a sort_n of_o partible_a tenor_n and_o none_o of_o they_o opposite_a in_o condition_n or_o nature_n but_o that_o they_o may_v all_o come_v under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o gavelkynd_n and_o all_o those_o partition_n although_o not_o by_o equal_a portion_n yet_o be_v all_o according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o gavelkynd_n which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o appear_v member_n of_o this_o tenure_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v under_o what_o consideration_n the_o saxon_a king_n have_v this_o tenure_n as_o it_o be_v diffusive_a over_o england_n in_o their_o law_n and_o first_o of_o all_o those_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n wherewith_o mr._n s._n be_v so_o ill_o satisfy_v he_o after_o he_o have_v very_o pious_o take_v care_n for_o what_o concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o wiseman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n on_o ðaem_n halgaâ—_n midÆ¿intre_n tid_v on_o Æ¿intanceastre_n in_o the_o holy_a mid-winter-tide_n at_o winchester_n which_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v to_o be_v christmas_n enact_v several_a law_n with_o this_o proaemium_fw-la before_o they_o ðis_n be_v ðonne_fw-fr seo_fw-la Æ¿orldcunde_a gerednes_n ðeic_fw-la Æ¿ille_fw-la mid_a minan_n Æ¿itenan_n raede_fw-la ê§_n man_n heald_n ofer_n eal_n englaland_n that_o be_v this_o be_v then_o the_o worldly_a behest_n that_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o my_o wise_a man_n that_o man_n hold_v over_o all_o england_n by_o which_o we_o may_v perceive_v his_o law_n have_v a_o universal_a extent_n over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o they_o we_o find_v to_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o basis_n of_o partition_n so_o in_o his_o 68_o law_n which_o be_v thus_o render_v sive_fw-la quis_fw-la incuria_fw-la sive_fw-la morte_fw-la repentina_fw-la fuerit_fw-la intestatò_fw-la mortuus_fw-la dominus_fw-la tamen_fw-la nullam_fw-la rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la partem_fw-la praeter_fw-la eam_fw-la quae_fw-la jure_fw-la debetur_fw-la hereoti_n nomine_fw-la sibi_fw-la assumito_fw-la verum_fw-la eas_fw-la judicio_fw-la svo_fw-la uxori_fw-la liberis_fw-la &_o cognatione_fw-la proximis_fw-la justè_fw-la pro_fw-la svo_fw-la cuique_fw-la jure_fw-la distribuito_fw-la which_o in_o the_o original_a be_v ac_fw-la beo_fw-la be_v his_o dihte_n seo_fw-la aehte_n gescyft_n sÆ¿iþe_v sihte_v þife_n &_o cildan_n &_o neh_a magon_n aelcum_fw-mi be_v ðaer_fw-mi maeþe_fw-mi de_fw-mi he_o togebyrige_fw-la which_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v thus_o and_o by_o his_o judgement_n let_v the_o estate_n be_v shift_v or_o rather_o divide_v according_a to_o right_n wife_n and_o child_n and_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o each_o one_o according_a to_o that_o proportion_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o this_o shift_a if_o the_o word_n signify_v so_o or_o division_n must_v be_v according_a to_o right_n where_o by_o the_o way_n note_n that_o the_o saxon_a word_n to_o they_o know_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o that_o they_o make_v no_o use_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkynd_n but_o this_o be_v a_o general_a law_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o several_a place_n have_v their_o several_a manner_n and_o proportion_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n yet_o all_o those_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v part_v and_o descend_v according_a to_o right_n we_o find_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o 70_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n porrò_fw-la autem_fw-la quam_fw-la maritus_fw-la sine_fw-la light_fw-la &_o controversia_fw-la sedem_fw-la incoluerit_fw-la eam_fw-la conjux_fw-la &_o proles_fw-la sine_fw-la controversia_fw-la possidento_fw-la sin_n quae_fw-la in_o illum_fw-la lie_fw-la fuerit_fw-la illata_fw-la viventem_fw-la eam_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la perinde_v atque_fw-la be_v vivus_fw-la accipiunto_o and_o in_o the_o 75_o law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o in_o the_o army_n before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n dye_v fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d let_v his_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v and_o let_v his_o heir_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o good_n and_o his_o paternal_a land_n and_o let_v it_o be_v shift_v or_o divide_v according_a to_o right_n which_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v word_n for_o word_n find_v among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n where_o i_o find_v &_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la interra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la &_o habeant_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la &_o terram_fw-la ejus_fw-la sine_fw-la aliqua_fw-la diminutione_n &_o rectè_fw-la dividant_a inter_fw-la se_fw-la which_o law_n do_v also_o take_v place_n among_o those_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n confirm_v as_o in_o the_o 36_o la_o that_o pass_v under_o his_o name_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la intestatus_fw-la obierit_fw-la liberi_fw-la ejus_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la dividant_a now_o the_o collection_n from_o hence_o lie_v natural_o thus_o that_o that_o law_n which_o general_o reach_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o child_n or_o the_o descendant_n of_o such_o as_o dye_v intestate_a be_v the_o most_o genuine_a law_n for_o this_o law_n provide_v that_o upon_o some_o emergent_a accident_n as_o die_v intestate_a or_o in_o battle_n or_o some_o such_o sudden_a chance_n that_o these_o notwithstanding_o the_o land_n shall_v run_v in_o its_o proper_a channel_n of_o partition_n so_o that_o these_o occasion_n shall_v not_o attain_v the_o power_n of_o alter_v the_o course_n thereof_o which_o not_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o obstruction_n will_v have_v without_o any_o scruple_n have_v its_o natural_a course_n of_o partition_n the_o like_a be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o knight-service-land_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v in_o king_n alfred_n time_n but_o also_o in_o all_o their_o bocland_n and_o other_o land_n that_o have_v the_o force_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o testament_n or_o deed_n this_o partition_n come_v yet_o a_o little_a near_o to_o we_o for_o in_o the_o 70_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o upon_o the_o account_n of_o partition_n or_o divide_v provision_n be_v make_v that_o si_fw-mi mulier_fw-la absque_fw-la liberis_fw-la moriatur_fw-la parent_n ejus_fw-la cum_fw-la marito_fw-la svo_fw-la partem_fw-la svam_fw-la dividant_a by_o which_o i_o understand_v a_o division_n of_o part_n upon_o a_o part_n before_o receive_v and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o glossary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o the_o word_n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la say_v haereditatem_fw-la vero_fw-la temporibus_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la solus_fw-la aetate_fw-la maximus_fw-la adibat_fw-la verum_fw-la ad_fw-la filios_fw-la omnes_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la fundus_fw-la lege_fw-la veniebat_fw-la quod_fw-la illi_fw-la viz._n saxones_n land_n fcyftan_n dixerunt_fw-la &_o cantii_n hac_fw-la nostra_fw-la memoria_fw-la eodem_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la to_o shift_n land_n id_fw-la est_fw-la herciscere_fw-la &_o fundum_fw-la partiri_fw-la appellant_n by_o which_o it_o seem_v the_o proper_a kentish_a word_n be_v shifting-land_n as_o by_o this_o glossators_n judgement_n who_o i_o understand_v be_v a_o kentishman_n which_o if_o so_o let_v they_o be_v content_a with_o their_o saxon_a land-shifting_a and_o let_v we_o alone_o with_o our_o gavel_n unless_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o own_o their_o true_a briton_n true_a the_o briton_n patron_n the_o law_n i_o confess_v that_o i_o have_v late_o cite_v do_v rather_o glance_v upon_o the_o custom_n of_o partition_n because_o it_o be_v suppose_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v that_o that_o custom_n be_v so_o paramount_n that_o there_o be_v little_a need_n of_o express_v thereof_o which_o lie_v so_o couch_v there_o as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o welsh_a law_n and_o be_v like_o our_o common_a law_n know_v to_o all_o yet_o not_o express_v general_o receive_v yet_o not_o write_v in_o the_o 78_o page_n of_o mr._n s._n we_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o tenure_n in_o question_n be_v cite_v davies_n his_o report_n of_o the_o irish_a custom_n de_fw-fr gavel-kind_n which_o book_n i_o have_v see_v and_o to_o it_o i_o say_v if_o the_o irish_a know_v the_o word_n by_o which_o davies_n denominate_v the_o custom_n among_o they_o it_o further_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n of_o the_o british_a etymology_n thereof_o ignoratur_fw-la thereof_o seld._n mare_n claus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v ancient_o repute_v britain_n hiberma_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dicta_fw-la est_fw-la ptolomaeo_n mahumedes_n acharranides_n arab_n mathematicus_fw-la egregius_fw-la qui_fw-la ante_fw-la annos_fw-la 900._o floruit_fw-la terrae_fw-la latitudinem_fw-la inquit_fw-la observantes_fw-la à _fw-la loco_fw-la lineae_fw-la aequalitatis_fw-la aequinoctialis_fw-la versus_fw-la septentrionalem_fw-la partem_fw-la insula_fw-la tile_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o britannia_fw-la ubi_fw-la est_fw-la majoris_fw-la diei_fw-la longitudo_fw-la 20._o herarum_fw-la eam_fw-la determinari_fw-la deprehenderunt_fw-la eriam_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la thulen_n pro_fw-la ipsa_fw-la britannia_fw-la usurpacunt_fw-la seu_fw-la anglia_fw-it &_o albategnius_n de_fw-fr oceano_fw-la quà _fw-la ab_fw-la hispanis_n respicitur_fw-la verba_fw-la faciens_fw-la in_o co_fw-la inquit_fw-la à _fw-la septentrionali_fw-la parte_fw-la sunt_fw-la