first_o extract_v out_o of_o the_o land_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o land_n again_o it_o be_v natural_o extinct_a for_o it_o be_v revolutio_fw-la ad_fw-la materiam_fw-la primam_fw-la 2._o he_o that_o have_v all_o the_o profit_n entire_o can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v part_n of_o the_o profit_n sir_n i._o davys_n rep_v 5._o the_o escheat_n which_o be_v the_o last_o resort_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v the_o land_n itself_o and_o therefore_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n as_o black-acre_n from_o whiteacre_n obj._n it_o be_v object_v that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common_a la_o then_o if_o grant_n have_v be_v ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n of_o necessity_n must_v be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n selden_n be_v cite_v in_o his_o spicileg_n to_o eadmer_n p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la domin_v lib._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la resp_n resp_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o m._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n pag_n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_n hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_fw-la sect_n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain_n land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptis_fw-la istis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etheldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la servitio_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o ed._n 1._o gard._n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frankalmoigne_n etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o mss_n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamines_a to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knight_n service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v waive_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la etc._n etc._n secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sva_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_fw-la sect_n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o relief_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 68_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochijs_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_fw-la sect_n 103._o camden_n in_o berkshire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n 154._o that_o wardship_n be_v then_o in_o use_n and_o not_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o camden_n in_o his_o britt_n 179._o nor_o by_o hen._n 3._o as_o randolph_n higden_n in_o his_o polichronicon_n and_o other_o not_o understand_v he_o will_v persuade_v vid._n seldens_n note_n on_o fortescue_n 51._o among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o cinque-port_n we_o meet_v with_o this_o that_o their_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n 101._o and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n which_o be_v in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o tottells_n edition_n and_o in_o lambards_n perambulac_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n for_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavell-kind_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o those_o custom_n say_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n een_fw-mi le_fw-fr conquest_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o england_n and_o scotland_n see_v also_o hect._n boet._n lib._n 11._o buchanan_n rerum_fw-la scot._n lib._n 6._o and_o the_o law_n of_o malcolme_n 2._o which_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o scotland_n and_o therefore_o in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o in_o those_o
the_o crown_n obj._n it_o be_v obj._n that_o the_o tenure_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o land_n for_o the_o land_n be_v the_o subject_n &_o the_o tenure_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n resp_n to_o that_o 1._o it_o be_v answ_n that_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whither_o the_o tenure_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o land_n for_o it_o be_v clear_a the_o land_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o tenure_n another_o but_o the_o question_n be_v whither_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o authority_n of_o grant_v the_o land_n or_o include_v in_o it_o as_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la s._n they_o shall_v grant_v &_o grant_v in_o this_o manner_n 2_o it_o be_v answer_v both_o be_v the_o king_n but_o the_o tenure_n be_v asleep_a by_o the_o possession_n in_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v now_o to_o be_v awaken_v by_o this_o commission_n in_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o intent_n and_o plain_a meaning_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o grant_v the_o land_n to_o the_o subject_n and_o to_o reserve_v the_o tenure_n for_o himself_o and_o that_o the_o tenure_n be_v not_o such_o a_o stranger_n to_o the_o land_n it_o be_v prove_v by_o our_o book_n in_o mary_n blages_n case_n 1._o h._n 4._o 2._o it_o be_v say_v that_o land_n lie_v natural_o in_o tenure_n 2._o that_o land_n lie_v always_o in_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o the_o tenure_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n it_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o have_v existence_n in_o the_o land_n it_o be_v inherent_a in_o it_o and_o inseparable_a from_o it_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n for_o no_o grant_n of_o land_n in_o feesimple_n to_o a_o common_a person_n either_o from_o the_o king_n or_o a_o common_a person_n can_v be_v without_o a_o tenure_n either_o express_v or_o employ_v we_o have_v not_o in_o our_o la_o proper_o allodium_fw-la that_o be_v any_o land_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o subject_n that_o be_v not_o hold_v coke_n instit_fw-la sect_n 1._o the_o land_n only_o that_o be_v in_o the_o king_n possession_n be_v free_a from_o tenure_n for_o a_o tenant_n be_v he_o that_o hold_v of_o some_o superior_a lord_n by_o some_o service_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n can_v be_v a_o tenant_n because_o he_o have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n praedium_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la est_fw-la directum_fw-la dominium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nullus_fw-la est_fw-la author_n nisi_fw-la deus_fw-la and_o as_o bracton_n say_v lib._n 1._o cap._n 8._o omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la vid._n lestatute_n 16._o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o 14._o eliz._n dyer_n 313._o 1._o coke_n 47._o vid._n 8._o coke_n 118._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v against_o common_a right_n and_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v of_o any_o or_o do_v service_n to_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o some_o have_v think_v it_o not_o so_o proper_a in_o the_o king_n case_n to_o say_v that_o he_o be_v scise_v in_o dominico_fw-la svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la cowell_n interpret_v verb._n feudum_fw-la &_o institut_fw-la p._n 66._o as_o if_o feodum_fw-la or_o fendum_fw-la be_v take_v in_o our_o law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o feudall_a law_n only_o for_o land_n hold_v by_o service_n but_o with_o we_o it_o have_v another_o signification_n littleton_n tell_v we_o feudum_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la and_o so_o it_o be_v define_v long_o before_o littleton_n by_o bracton_n and_o briton_n and_o fleta_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o have_v two_o signification_n in_o our_o book_n in_o the_o first_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o inheritance_n and_o so_o it_o be_v proper_a enough_o in_o the_o king_n case_n in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v take_v for_o land_n hold_v as_o in_o that_o of_o horse_n de_fw-fr son_n fee._n we_o find_v both_o in_o bracton_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 9_o fol._n 263._o feudum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la tenet_fw-la ex_fw-la quacunque_fw-la causa_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alio_fw-la modo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la feudum_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la tenet_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la sicut_fw-la dicitur_fw-la talis_fw-la tenet_fw-la de_fw-la tali_fw-la tot_fw-la feuda_fw-la per_fw-la servicium_fw-la militare_fw-la and_o agree_v with_o he_o be_v fleta_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v transcribe_v out_o of_o bracton_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o here_o just_a occasion_n may_v be_v take_v to_o clear_v our_o master_n littleton_n from_o that_o imputation_n which_o be_v cast_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o england_n pag._n 127._o where_o he_o lay_v ignorance_n to_o his_o charge_n for_o lay_v that_o feodum_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la which_o say_v he_o it_o do_v not_o signify_v in_o any_o language_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v it_o manifest_a how_o proper_a that_o sense_n be_v but_o because_o it_o have_v partly_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v and_o for_o that_o the_o author_n of_o that_o book_n be_v not_o know_v for_o some_o have_v doubt_v whither_o sir_n thomas_n smyth_n be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o or_o no_o sir_n john_n fernes_n generosity_n pag._n 99_o and_o so_o to_o argue_v with_o he_o will_v be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o shadow_n therefore_o they_o do_v abstain_v so_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o only_a land_n in_o the_o king_n possession_n be_v free_a from_o tenure_n but_o if_o they_o once_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o common_a person_n there_o if_o the_o feoffor_a do_v not_o reserve_v a_o tenure_n the_o law_n will_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n and_o reserve_v no_o tenure_n the_o law_n do_v imply_v a_o tenure_n and_o the_o feoffee_n hold_v of_o the_o feoffor_a by_o such_o service_n as_o the_o feoffor_a hold_v over_o upon_o a_o feoffment_n make_v after_o that_o statute_n if_o no_o tenure_n be_v express_v the_o law_n will_v imply_v a_o tenure_n de_fw-fr capitalibus_fw-la dominis_fw-la and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o common_a person_n so_o in_o the_o king_n case_n in_o every_o grant_n wherein_o feesimple_n pass_v there_o must_v be_v a_o tenure_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v of_o such_o necessity_n be_v the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o the_o king_n grant_v that_o although_o the_o king_n shall_v grant_v land_n without_o any_o reservation_n of_o tenure_n or_o by_o express_a word_n absque_fw-la aliquo_fw-la inde_fw-la reddendo_fw-la yet_o the_o law_n will_v create_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la 33._o h._n 6._o 7._o 6._o coke_n 7_o wheelers_n case_n 9_o coke_n 123._o anthony_n allows_v case_n 14._o h._n 6._o 12._o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n bartholomewes_n case_n the_o king_n grant_v land_n in_o fee_n tenendum_fw-la cy_fw-fr frankement_n come_fw-mi le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr esten_v son_n corone_n yet_o the_o patentee_n shall_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la for_o it_o be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o can_v be_v extinct_a it_o be_v so_o inseparable_a it_o can_v be_v release_v in_o anthony_n allows_v case_n the_o king_n grant_v or_o release_v the_o service_n to_o his_o tenant_n and_o his_o heir_n this_o release_n can_v extinguish_v the_o tenure_n in_o all_o though_o where_o the_o tenure_n be_v by_o common_a knight_n service_n or_o socage_n it_o extinguish_v all_o the_o service_n but_o that_o only_a which_o be_v a_o incident_a inseparable_a to_o every_o tenure_n viz._n fealty_n and_o all_o for_o this_o reason_n because_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o tenure_n and_o the_o king_n charter_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o law_n the_o tenure_n and_o service_n be_v part_n and_o parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o shall_v go_v with_o the_o manor_n and_o descend_v as_o the_o manor_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mother_n although_o it_o be_v new_o create_v 5._o e._n 2._o avowry_n 207._o beside_o consider_v the_o tenure_n in_o the_o commencement_n and_o fruit_n of_o it_o it_o be_v ever_o inherent_a in_o and_o relative_n to_o the_o land_n the_o commencement_n of_o the_o tenure_n s._n the_o form_n of_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a for_o the_o land_n that_o he_o hold_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n what_o be_v they_o but_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n wardship_n livery_n primer_n seisin_n relief_n fine_a for_o alienation_n and_o the_o rest_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o land_n and_o signiory_n meet_v in_o a_o equal_a estate_n and_o right_a in_o the_o same_o person_n the_o signiory_n by_o unity_n of_o possession_n be_v extinguish_v and_o there_o be_v two_o reason_n give_v of_o that_o extinguishment_n 1._o because_o the_o signiory_n that_o be_v
time_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v as_o for_o the_o time_n after_o it_o appear_v they_o do_v not_o by_o compare_v their_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la and_o our_o glanvill_n neither_o be_v the_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o those_o law_n vid._n spelman_n glossar_n verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la upon_o all_o this_o they_o do_v conclude_v that_o upon_o consideration_n of_o the_o authority_n give_v and_o grant_v thereupon_o make_v the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v aliud_fw-la s._n a_o separate_a and_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o grant_v the_o land_n but_o rather_o include_v within_o it_o and_o that_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n though_o it_o be_v not_o ipsa_fw-la concessio_fw-la the_o grant_n itself_o yet_o it_o be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o authority_n be_v not_o pursue_v in_o that_o the_o whole_a grant_n be_v void_a 5._o and_o so_o it_o be_v resolve_v for_o these_o reason_n and_o upon_o these_o authority_n 1._o the_o main_a and_o principal_a reason_n why_o they_o do_v resolve_v that_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v void_a in_o the_o whole_a be_v because_o that_o here_o the_o commissioner_n have_v but_o a_o authority_n and_o that_o authority_n they_o have_v not_o pursue_v by_o the_o commission_n they_o be_v to_o grant_v the_o land_n and_o to_o reserve_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o to_o leave_v the_o reservation_n to_o the_o la_o now_o there_o be_v a_o tenure_n by_o common_a knight_n service_n reserve_v so_o they_o have_v execute_v their_o authority_n in_o another_o manner_n than_o the_o commission_n warrant_v they_o have_v do_v idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o therefore_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o book_n before_o cite_v the_o whole_a grant_n be_v void_a it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o if_o the_o commissioner_n here_o have_v grant_v the_o land_n reserve_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o patent_n will_v have_v be_v good_a and_o effectual_a or_o if_o they_o have_v grant_v the_o land_n and_o reserve_v no_o tenure_n there_o because_o the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n will_v raise_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la such_o a_o grant_n will_v have_v be_v good_a and_o well_o warrant_v by_o the_o commission_n 2._o this_o commission_n be_v a_o nude_v authority_n for_o the_o interest_n be_v in_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commissioner_n have_v only_o a_o bare_a authority_n to_o grant_v and_o therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v pursue_v most_o strict_o both_o in_o matter_n and_o manner_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v expound_v strict_o this_o answeres_fw-la all_o the_o case_n that_o have_v be_v put_v on_o the_o other_o side_n where_o a_o authority_n in_o some_o sort_n may_v be_v execute_v alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o yet_o good_a as_o the_o case_n of_o stanton_n and_o barnes_n where_o by_o custom_n the_o lord_n may_v grant_v copy-holds_a in_o fee_n and_o he_o grant_v a_o lesser_a estate_n simple_o or_o a_o lesser_a estate_n with_o a_o remainder_n over_o and_o the_o other_o report_n that_o have_v be_v cite_v between_o down_n and_o hopkins_n where_o the_o custom_n be_v to_o grant_v copy_n for_o two_o life_n and_o he_o grant_v to_o the_o husband_n for_o life_n and_o after_o to_o the_o wife_n durante_fw-la viduitate_fw-la the_o case_n of_o hat_n and_o arrowsmyth_n where_o a_o copyholder_n for_o life_n be_v license_v to_o make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n si_fw-la tam_fw-la diu_fw-la vixerit_fw-la and_o he_o make_v a_o lease_n absolute_o without_o that_o limitation_n the_o case_n of_o baron_n &_o feme_fw-fr make_v a_o lease_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o the_o case_n of_o 3._o h._n 7._o where_o upon_o a_o licence_n to_o grant_v a_o annuity_n he_o grant_v it_o with_o clause_n of_o distress_n and_o yet_o for_o that_o case_n see_v the_o case_n of_o suttons_n hospital_n 10._o coke_n the_o case_n of_o priddle_n and_o napper_n and_o all_o the_o other_o case_n that_o have_v be_v put_v upon_o this_o ground_n for_o in_o all_o those_o case_n there_o be_v a_o interest_n couple_v with_o the_o authority_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o this_o case_n in_o which_o there_o be_v only_o a_o mere_a and_o a_o bare_a authority_n 3._o this_o commission_n be_v a_o public_a authority_n of_o record_n to_o which_o the_o subject_n may_v resort_v and_o of_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o take_v notice_n to_o pass_v according_a the_o commission_n at_o their_o peril_n and_o therefore_o if_o either_o through_o ignorance_n or_o carelessness_n or_o otherwise_o they_o neglect_v to_o have_v their_o patent_n draw_v pursuant_n to_o the_o commission_n the_o fault_n be_v their_o own_o they_o can_v transfer_v the_o blame_n of_o this_o to_o the_o king_n as_o in_o like_a case_n it_o be_v resolve_v upon_o the_o commission_n of_o bankrupt_n 2._o coke_n 26._o so_o at_o the_o common_a law_n a_o patent_n without_o recital_n of_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o record_n be_v void_a for_o the_o subject_n may_v resort_v to_o the_o public_a record_n the_o king_n intend_v ardua_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o answer_v the_o objection_n touch_v even_o that_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n that_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o and_o clear_v his_o performance_n of_o his_o part_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o king_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v grant_v a_o good_a and_o gracious_a and_o effectual_a commission_n upon_o which_o many_o legal_a and_o good_a and_o effectual_a letter_n patent_n have_v be_v make_v that_o have_v be_v allow_v and_o approve_v for_o good_a but_o if_o upon_o this_o commission_n so_o good_a and_o gracious_a for_o the_o subject_n the_o subject_n shall_v contrary_v to_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o commission_n obtain_v letter_n patent_n in_o fraud_n and_o deceit_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o defeat_v the_o king_n of_o his_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o principal_a flower_n of_o his_o crown_n if_o these_o letter_n patent_n be_v void_a where_o be_v the_o fault_n certain_o in_o the_o subject_n that_o contrary_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commission_n obtain_v this_o grant_n in_o deceit_n of_o the_o king_n to_o defeat_v he_o of_o his_o tenure_n which_o be_v but_o a_o ill_a return_n for_o so_o great_a and_o gracious_a a_o bounty_n and_o that_o objection_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o law_n answer_v not_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n in_o this_o case_n for_o plain_o and_o apparent_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o patentee_n be_v to_o suppress_v the_o king_n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o hold_v by_o a_o mean_a and_o inferior_a tenure_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o in_o deceit_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n now_o that_o patent_n obtain_v in_o deceit_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v clear_o and_o whole_o and_o utter_o void_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n be_v a_o ground_n so_o obvious_a so_o positive_a and_o infallible_o true_a that_o they_o will_v not_o cite_v any_o book_n or_o authority_n to_o prove_v it_o for_o it_o be_v marvellous_a clear_a and_o grant_v of_o all_o side_n that_o patent_n obtain_v in_o deceit_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v altogether_o void_a if_o any_o desire_v a_o authority_n he_o may_v have_v a_o cloud_n of_o authority_n in_o the_o case_n of_o alton_n wood_n coke_n 1._o report_n 4._o this_o be_v a_o authority_n appear_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n themselves_o for_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v ex_fw-la assensu_fw-la of_o such_o and_o such_o commissioner_n virtute_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la intentionem_fw-la commissionis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o the_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v as_o strong_o imply_v in_o the_o commission_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_v as_o it_o have_v be_v confess_v of_o the_o other_o part_n for_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o implication_n that_o they_o say_v the_o patent_n be_v void_a for_o the_o tenure_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o king_n have_v give_v commission_n to_o grant_v the_o land_n to_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o otherwise_o now_o in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o commissioner_n have_v grant_v the_o land_n in_o other_o manner_n and_o all_o this_o appear_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n themselves_o the_o patent_n be_v void_a in_o the_o whole_a for_o construction_n be_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o whole_a patent_n and_o not_o upon_o any_o part_n of_o it_o distinct_a as_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o buckler_n case_n 2_o coke_n 55._o and_o this_o hitherto_o have_v be_v always_o the_o constant_a resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o ireland_n our_o predecessor_n that_o if_o
be_v very_o plain_a and_o manifest_a that_o the_o king_n be_v deceive_v in_o this_o grant_n and_o that_o it_o can_v take_v effect_n according_a to_o his_o intention_n therein_o express_v for_o the_o authority_n on_o which_o their_o resolution_n be_v ground_v the_o principal_a case_n be_v that_o of_o 12._o ass_n 24._o which_o as_o it_o be_v say_v be_v a_o judgement_n in_o effect_n in_o the_o point_n a_o judgement_n in_o a_o time_n when_o the_o law_n be_v as_o flourish_v and_o the_o judge_n as_o learned_a as_o in_o any_o time_n either_o before_o or_o since_o a_o judgement_n approve_a in_o all_o age_n subsequent_a 26._o ass_n 39_o 11._o h._n 43._o etc._n etc._n and_o no_o authority_n in_o all_o our_o book_n against_o it_o for_o the_o material_a case_n that_o have_v be_v put_v on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v of_o authority_n accouple_v with_o a_o interest_n and_o by_o consequence_n do_v not_o come_v to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n and_o we_o see_v that_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o judgement_n be_v so_o great_a and_o clear_a that_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o they_o that_o argue_v on_o the_o other_o part_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o judge_n that_o give_v the_o judgement_n be_v deny_v s._n pur_fw-mi ceo_fw-la que_fw-fr il_fw-fr fait_fw-fr ceo_fw-la en_fw-fr auter_n manner_n and_o a_o new_a reason_n be_v invent_v s._n because_o he_o do_v not_o pursue_v his_o authority_n here_o we_o find_v they_o put_v to_o a_o straight_o s._n to_o confess_v the_o judgement_n and_o deny_v the_o reason_n for_o who_o better_a know_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o judgement_n than_o the_o judge_n that_o give_v it_o this_o new_a reason_n s._n that_o he_o have_v not_o pursue_v his_o authority_n if_o it_o be_v examine_v will_v come_v to_o the_o first_o reason_n for_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v why_o he_o have_v not_o pursue_v his_o authority_n it_o must_v be_v answered-pur_a ceo_fw-la que_fw-la il_fw-fr ad_fw-la fait_fw-fr ceo_fw-la en_fw-fr auter_n manner_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr authority_n soy_fw-fr garrant_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o 12._o ass_n but_o we_o have_v other_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n upon_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o of_o 10._o h._n 7._o 15._o which_o have_v be_v remember_v per_fw-la keble_n the_o most_o learned_a lawyer_n of_o that_o time_n quant_fw-fr home_fw-fr ad_fw-la authority_n de_fw-fr fair_a ascun_fw-fr fait_fw-fr a_fw-fr un_fw-fr auter_n il_fw-fr doit_fw-fr pursuer_fw-mi son_n authority_n en_fw-fr matter_n et_fw-fr en_fw-fr form_n there_o be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o case_n that_o he_o there_o put_v if_o he_o do_v it_o in_o other_o form_n alio_fw-la modo_fw-la it_o be_v void_a if_o i_o enfeoffe_v a_o man_n to_o enfeoffe_v another_o and_o he_o levy_v a_o fine_a this_o be_v void_a yet_o the_o matter_n in_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o for_o a_o fine_n be_v but_o a_o feoffment_n of_o record_n but_o because_o that_o he_o have_v do_v it_o in_o other_o manner_n all_o be_v void_a 11._o h._n 7._o 13._o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o make_v livery_n to_o i.s._n or_o i._n n._n and_o the_o attorney_n make_v livery_n to_o both_o the_o livery_n be_v void_a in_o all_o and_o it_o be_v not_o good_a as_o to_o the_o one_o and_o void_a as_o to_o the_o other_o but_o void_a in_o the_o whole_a because_o that_o he_o have_v do_v it_o in_o other_o manner_n than_o the_o authority_n warrant_v 8._o cook_n 85._o in_o sir_n richard_n pexhalls_n case_n if_o the_o king_n licenses_fw-la his_o tenant_n to_o alien_n two_o part_n of_o his_o manor_n of_o dale_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o he_o alien_n all_o the_o manor_n it_o be_v void_a in_o the_o whole_a and_o it_o be_v not_o good_a for_o two_o part_n and_o void_a for_o the_o three_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o he_o do_v it_o in_o other_o manner_n than_o the_o licence_n warrant_v vid._n 10._o h._n 7._o 13._o 38._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 62._o 40._o ass_n 38._o 10._o h._n 7._o 15._o there_o be_v a_o report_n cite_v by_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n the_o case_n be_v in_o c.b._n in_o england_n t.m._n 2._o caroli_n between_o george_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n plaintiff_n and_o john_n freeman_n defendant_n intr._n pasch_fw-mi 1._o caroli_n rot._n 207._o and_o the_o case_n be_v this_o the_o bishop_n of_o chichester_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o bishopric_n of_o allingburne_a park_n in_o the_o county_n of_o sussex_n and_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v ancient_o grant_v the_o office_n of_o keeper_n of_o this_o park_n for_o life_n with_o the_o fee_n of_o five_o mark_n anthony_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n 2._o february_n 44._o eliz._n by_o his_o deed_n grant_v the_o office_n of_o keeper_n of_o the_o park_n to_o one_o freeman_n for_o life_n et_fw-la ulterius_fw-la concessit_fw-la pro_fw-la executione_fw-la officij_fw-la predicti_fw-la the_o ancient_a fee_n of_o five_o mark_n una_fw-la cum_fw-la a_o livery_n coat_n or_o thirteen_o shilling_n four_o penny_n for_o it_o nec_fw-la non_fw-la pasturam_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la equis_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la the_o windfall_n which_o grant_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n and_o whither_o this_o grant_n be_v good_a against_o the_o successor_n or_o void_a upon_o the_o statute_n of_o anno_fw-la 1._o eliz._n cap._n 25._o be_v the_o question_n in_o which_o the_o doubt_n be_v whither_o this_o addition_n of_o a_o livery_n coat_n pasturage_n and_o windfall_n will_v make_v the_o whole_a grant_n utter_o void_a or_o if_o the_o law_n shall_v make_v such_o a_o construction_n that_o for_o this_o addition_n it_o shall_v be_v only_o void_a and_o shall_v stand_v good_a for_o the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o ancient_a fee_n and_o well_o grant_v and_o by_o justice_n crook_n and_o harvy_n against_o yeluerton_n the_o grant_n be_v void_a in_o the_o whole_a because_o that_o the_o bishop_n have_v not_o pursue_v the_o authority_n give_v he_o by_o the_o statute_n by_o reason_n of_o this_o express_a and_o new_a addition_n and_o yet_o they_o profess_v that_o they_o have_v rather_o have_v give_v opinion_n for_o the_o defendant_n for_o that_o he_o be_v a_o poor_a man_n and_o a_o ancient_a servant_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o yet_o in_o this_o case_n the_o addition_n and_o new_a augmentation_n be_v a_o several_a and_o distinct_a clause_n in_o the_o grant_n and_o the_o thing_n add_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la be_v also_o several_a and_o distinct_a in_o specie_fw-la from_o the_o ancient_a fee_n of_o five_o mark_n and_o in_o the_o argument_n of_o this_o case_n justice_n crook_n cite_v a_o far_o strong_a case_n to_o be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 43._o eliz._n and_o the_o case_n be_v this_o parker_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n grant_v the_o office_n of_o surveyorship_n with_o the_o ancient_a fee_n to_o one_o parker_n et_fw-la ulterius_fw-la he_o grant_v unto_o he_o pasturam_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la equis_fw-la in_o the_o park_n and_o the_o whole_a grant_n be_v adjudge_v void_a and_o yet_o here_o be_v a_o several_a grant_n by_o a_o several_a and_o distinct_a clause_n and_o of_o another_o thing_n several_a and_o distinct_a in_o specie_fw-la aliud_fw-la et_fw-la aliud_fw-la and_o these_o case_n be_v far_o strong_a than_o the_o case_n in_o question_n for_o here_o there_o be_v not_o a_o bare_a authority_n but_o a_o interest_n accouple_v with_o a_o authority_n and_o in_o this_o case_n justice_n crook_n cite_v scambler_n case_n 41._o eliz._n to_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o whole_a grant_n be_v void_a and_o not_o good_a as_o to_o the_o man_n of_o full_a age_n and_o void_a as_o to_o the_o infant_n as_o it_o have_v be_v cite_v by_o some_o that_o argue_v on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o so_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n they_o do_v resolve_v 1._o that_o the_o commissioner_n by_o this_o commission_n have_v a_o good_a and_o legal_a and_o sufficient_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o grant_v 2._o that_o all_o letter_n patent_n make_v upon_o this_o commission_n in_o which_o they_o have_v pursue_v their_o authority_n be_v good_a and_o effectual_a in_o law._n s._n where_o they_o have_v either_o reserve_v a_o express_a tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o no_o tenure_n for_o there_o the_o law_n imply_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la 3._o but_o where_o the_o commissioner_n reserve_v a_o mean_a tenure_n the_o whole_a patent_n be_v void_a 1._o because_o that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v but_o a_o authority_n 2._o because_o that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o nude_v authority_n and_o not_o accouple_v with_o any_o interest_n 3._o because_o it_o be_v a_o public_a authority_n of_o record_n whereof_o the_o subject_n ought_v to_o take_v notice_n to_o pass_v according_a at_o their_o peril_n otherwise_o the_o patent_n shall_v be_v in_o deceit_n of_o the_o king_n 4._o