Selected quad for the lemma: book_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	kind_n	know_v	zone_n	16	3	12.7660	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71305	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt3; ESTC S111862	2,393,864	1,207

also other strange Countries make sumptuous buildings therewith The Indians doe draw from these flouds that runne from the Mountaines to the Vallies and Plaines many and great Brookes to water their Land which they vsually doe with such industrie as there are no better in Murcia nor at Millan it selfe the which is also the greatest and onely wealth of the Plaines of Peru and of many other parts of the Indies §. III. Of the qualitie of the Land at the Indies in generall Properties of Peru and of new Spaine and other parts Of Vulcanes and Earthquakes WE may know the qualitie of the Land at the Indies for the greatest part seeing it is the last of the three Elements whereof we haue propounded to treate in this Booke by the discourse we haue made in the former Booke of the burning Zone seeing that the greatest part of the Indies doth lye vnder it But to make it knowne the more particularly I haue obserued three kindes of Lands as I haue passed through those Regions whereof there is one very low another very high and the third which holds the middle of these two extreames The lower is that which lyeth by the Sea coasts whereof there is in all parts of the Indies and it is commonly very hot and moist so as it is not so healthfull and at this day we see it lesse peopled although in former times it hath beene greatly inhabited with Indians as it appeareth by the histories of new Spaine and Peru and where they kept and liued for that the soile was naturall vnto them being bred there They liued of fishing at Sea and of seeds drawing brooks from the Riuers which they vsed for want of raine for that it raines little there and in some places not at all This low Countrie hath many places vnhabitable as well by reason of the Sands which are dangerous for there are whole Mountaines of these Sands as also for the Marishes which grow by reason of the waters that fall from the Mountaines which finding no issue in these flat and low Lands drowne them and make them vnprofitable And in truth the greatest part of all the Indian Sea coast is of this sort chiefly vpon the South Sea the habitation of which coasts is at this present so wasted and contemned that of thirty parts of the people that inhabited it there wants twenty nine and it is likely the rest of the Indians will in short time decay Many according to the varietie of their opinions attribute this to diuers causes some to the great labour which hath beene imposed vpon these Indians others vnto the change and varietie of meates and drinkes they vse since their commerce with the Spaniards others to their great excesse and drinking and to other vices they haue for my part I hold this disorder to be the greatest cause of their decay whereof it is not now time to discourse any more In this low Countrie which I say generally is vnhealthfull ond vnfit for mans habitation there is exception in some places which are temperate and fertile as the greatest part of the Plaines of Peru where there are coole vallies and very fertile The greatest part of the habitation of the coast entertains all the traffike of Spain by Sea whereon all the estate of the Indies dependeth Vpon this coast there are some Towns well peopled as Lima and Truxillo in Peru Panama and Carthagena vpon the maine Land and in the Ilands Saint Dominique Port Ricco and Hauana with many other Towns which are lesse then these as the True Crosse in new Spain Y●a Arigua and others in Peru the Ports are commonly inhabited although but slenderly The second sort of Land is contrary very high and by consequent cold and dry as all the Mountaines are commonly This Land is neither fertile nor pleasant but very healthfull which makes it to be peopled and inhabited There are Pastures and great store of Cattle the which for the most part entertaines life and by their Cattell they supply the want they haue of Corne and Graine by trucking and exchange But that which makes these Lands more inhabited and peopled is the riches of the Mines that are found there for that all obeys to Gold and Siluer By reason of the Mines there are some dwellings of Spaniards and Indians which are increased and multiplied as Potozi and Gancanelicqua in Peru and Cacatecas in new Spaine There are also through all these Mountaines great dwellings of the Indians which to this day are maintained yea some will say they increase but that the labour of the Mines doth consume many and some generall diseases haue destroyed a great part as the Cocoliste in new Spaine yet they finde no great diminution In this extremitie of high ground they finde two commodities as I haue said of Pastures and Mines which doe well counteruaile the two other that are in the lower grounds alongst the Sea coast that is the commerce of the Sea and the abundance of Wine which groweth not but in the hot Lands Betwixt these two extreames there is ground of a meane height the which although it be in some parts higher or lower one then other yet doth it not approach neither to the heate of the Sea coast nor the intemperature of the Mountaines In this sort of soyle there groweth many kindes of Graine as Wheate Barley and Mays which growes not at all in the high Countries but well in the lower there is likewise store of Pasture Cattell Fruits and greene Forrests This part is the best habitation of the three for health and recreation and therefore it is best peopled of any part of the Indies the which I haue curiously obserued in many Voyages that I haue vndertaken and haue alwayes found it true that the Prouince best peopled at the Indies be in this scituation Let vs looke neerely into new Spaine the which without doubt is the best Prouince the Sunne doth circle by what part soeuer you doe enter you mount vp and when you haue mounted a good height you begin to descend yet very little and that Land is alwayes much higher then that along the Sea coast All the Land about Mexico is of this nature and scituation and that which is about the Vulcan which is the best soile of the Indies as also in Peru Arequipa Guamangua and Cusco although more in one then in the other But in the end all is high ground although they descend into deepe Vallies and clime vp to high Mountaines the like is spoken of Quitto Saint Foy and of the best of the New Kingdome To conclude I doe beleeue that the wisedome and prouidence of the Creator would haue it so that the greatest part of this Countrie of the Indies should be hillie that it might be of a better temperature for being low it had beene very hot vnder the burning Zone especially being farre from the Sea Also all the Land I haue seene at the Indies is neere

is the Realme of Chille which is without the generall rule of these other Prouinces being seated without the burning Zone and the Tropicke of Capricorne This Land of it selfe is coole and fertile and brings forth all kindes of fruits that bee in Spaine it yeelds great abundance of bread and wine and abounds in Pastures and Cattell The aire is wholsome and cleere temperate betwixt heat and cold Winter and Summer are very distinct and there they finde great store of very fine gold Yet this Land is poore and smally peopled by reason of their continuall warre with the Auricanos and their Associates being a rough people and friends to libertie There are great coniectures that in the temperate Zone at the Antartike Pole there are great and fertile Lands but to this day they are not discouered neither doe they know any other Land in this Zone but that of Chille and some part of that Land which runnes from Ethiopia to the Cape of Good Hope as hath beene said in the first Booke neither is it knowne if there bee any habitations in the other two Zones of the Poles and whether the Land continues and stretcheth to that which is towards the Antartike or South Pole Neither doe we know the Land that lyes beyond the Straight of Magellan for that the greatest height yet discouered is in fiftie sixe degrees as hath beene formerly said and toward the Artike or Northerne Pole it is not known how farre the Land extends which runnes beyond the Cape of Mendoçin and the Caliphornes nor the bounds and end of Florida neither yet how farre it extends to the West Of late they haue discouered a new Land which they call New Mexico where they say is much people that speake the Mexican tongue The Philippines and the following Ilands as some report that know it by experience ranne aboue nine hundred leagues But to intreat of China Cochinchina Siam and other Regions which are of the East Indies were contrarie to my purpose which is onely to discourse of the West nay they are ignorant of the greatest part of America which lyes betwixt Peru and Bresil although the bounds be knowne of all sides wherein there is diuersitie of opinions some say it is a drowned Land full of Lakes and waterie places others affirme there are great and flourishing Kingdomes imagining there be the Paytiti the Dorado and the Caesars where they say are wonderfull things I haue heard one of our companie say a man worthy of credit that he had seene great dwellings there and the wayes as much beaten as those betwixt Salamanca and Villadillit the which he did see when as Peter d'Orsua and after those that succeeded him made their entrie and discouerie by the great Riuer of Amazons who beleeuing that the Dorado which they sought was farther off cared not to inhabit there and after went both without the Dorado which they could not finde and this great Prouince which they left To speake the truth the habitations of America are to this day vnknowne except the extremities which are Peru Bresil and that part where the Land begins to straighten which is the Riuer of Siluer then Tucuman which makes the round to Chille and Charcas Of late we haue vnderstood by Letters from some of ours which goe to Saint Croix in the Sierre that they goe discouering of great Prouinces and dwellings betwixt Bresil and Peru. Time will reueile them for as at this day the care and courage of men is great to compasse the World from one part to another so we may beleeue that as they haue discouered that which is now knowne they may likewise lay open that which remaynes to the end the Gospell may bee preached to the whole World seeing the two Crownes of Portugal and Castile haue met by the East and West ioyning their discoueries together which in truth is a matter to be obserued that the one is come to China and Iapan by the East and the other to the Philippines which are neighbours and almost ioyning vnto China by the West for from the Ilands of Lusson which is the chiefe of the Philippines in the which is the Citie of Manille vnto Macaeo which is in the I le of Canton are but foure score or a hundred leagues and yet we finde it strange that notwithstanding this small distance from the one to the other yet according to their account there is a dayes difference betwixt them so as it is Sunday at Macao when as it is but Saturday at Manille and so of the rest Those of Macao and of China haue one day aduanced before the Philippines It happened to father Alonse Sanches of whom mention is made before that parting from the Philippines hee arriued at Macao the second day of May according to their computation and going to say the Masse of Saint Athanasim he found they did celebrate the feast of the Inuention of the holy Crosse for that they did then reckon the third of May. The like happened vnto him in another voyage beyond it Some haue found this alteration and diuersitie strange supposing that the fault proceedes from the one or the other the which is not so but it is a true and well obserued computation for according to the difference of wayes where they haue beene we must necessarily say that when they meet there must be difference of a day the reason is for that sayling from West to East they alwayes gaine of the day finding the Sunne rising sooner and contrariwise those that saile from East to West doe alwayes lose of the day for that the Sunne riseth later vnto them and as they approach neerer the East or the West they haue the day longer or shorter In Peru which is Westward in respect of Spaine they are aboue sixe houres behinde so as when it is noone in Spaine it is morning at Peru and when it is morning here it is mid-night there I haue made certaine proofe thereof by the computation of Eclipses of the Sunne and Moone Now that the Portugals haue made their nauigations from West to East and the Castillans from East to West when they came to ioyne and meet at the Philippines and Macao the one haue gayned twelue houres and the other hath lost as much so as at one instant and in one time they finde the difference of foure and twentie houres which is a whole day Although we finde vents of fire in other places as Mount Aetna and Vesunio which now they call Mount Soma yet is that notable which is found at the Indies Ordinarily these Volcans be Rocks or Pikes of most high Mountaines which raise themselues aboue the tops of all other Mountaines vpon their tops they haue a Playne and in the midst thereof a pit or great mouth which descends euen vnto the foote thereof a thing very terrible to behold Out of these mouthes there issues smoake and sometimes fire some cast little smoake and haue in a manner no force

were either taken or slaine albeit they thought in their Pride they could haue ouer-runne the whole Kingdome of Armenia and deuoure all ●he Christians there at a morsell This was performed on the Lords Day being the eighteenth of Iuly after which conflict the Saracens durst no more enter into the Kingdome of Armenia But the Soldan sent to the King of Armenia to make truce with him which was agreed betweene them 46. I Frier Haython hauing beene present at all the said proceedings had purposed long before to haue taken a Regular Habit vpon me and to haue entred into Religion But by reason of many impediments and difficulties in the Affaires of the Kingdome of Armenia I could not with my honour forsake my friends and kindred in such extremities But seeing that Gods goodnesse had beene so gracious vnto me as to leaue the Kingdome of Armenia and the Christian people there after my manifold labours and trauels in quiet and peaceable estate I then tooke the time to performe that Vow which before I had vowed Therefore hauing taken my leaue of my Lord the King and of the rest of my kindred and friends euen in that field where God gaue the Christians Victorie ouer their Enemies I beganne my Iourney and comming to Cyprus in the Monasterie of Episcopia tooke a Regular Habit of the Order Premonstratensis to the end that hauing serued the World as a Souldier in my youth I might spend the rest of my life in the Seruice of God forsaking the pompe of this World which was in the yeere of our Lord 1305. Therefore I render thankes vnto God that the Kingdome of Armenia is at this day in a good and peaceable estate and well reformed by the Moderne King Liueno Sonne to King Haython who is a Looking-glasse or patterne to all other Kings in all kinde of eminent vertue Moreouer the Compiler of this Worke affirmeth that he hath come three manner of wayes to the knowledge of those things which hee declareth and writeth in this Booke For from the beginning of Changius Can who was the first Emperour of the Tartars vntill Mango Can who was their fourth Emperour I faithfully deliuer what I gathered out of the Histories of the Tartarians But from Mango Can to the death of Haloon I write that which I receiued of an Vncle of mine who writ the same by the commandement of Haiton King of Armenia and was present then at all the foresaid occurrences and with great diligence did often discourse make rehearsall of them to his Sonnes and Nephewes that they might remayne the better to Posteritie and from the beginning of Abaga Can to the end of this third part of this Booke the Author relateth those things which hee knew of himselfe as hauing beene present at them a●l whereby he is enabled to giue testimonie of the truth Now albeit we haue hitherto treated of the Histories and Deeds of the Tartarians there remayneth yet somewhat to be said concerning their Power and Dominion especially of those that are now liuing that it may the better bee knowne 47. The great Emperor of the Tartars which now holdeth the Empire is called Tamor Can being their sixt Emperour who keepeth his Residence in the Kingdome of Cathay in a very great City called Iong which his Father caused to be built as is aboue declared his power is very great For this Emperour alone is able to doe more then all the Tartarian Princes together and the Nations vnder his gouernment are reputed more noble and rich and better stored of all necessaries because that in the Kingdome of Cathay in which they now liue there is great abundance of riches Besides this great Emperour there are three other great Kings or Princes of the Tartars which rule each of them ouer many Nations yet are they all subiect to the Emperour and acknowledge him their naturall and Leige Lord. And the differences which happen betweene them are decided in the Emperours Court and determined by his Iudgement The first of these Kings is called Chapar another Hochtay and the third Carbanda This Chapar hath his Dominion in the Kingdome of Turquestan being the neerest to the Emperour It is thought that he is able to bring into the field foure hundred thousand Horsemen and these are bold and good Warriours but not so well furnished of Horse and Armour as were expedient The Emperours subiects doe many times make warre vpon them and they on the other side doe often inuade the people of Carbanda The Dominion of this Chapar was in ancient time subiect for the greatest part to a Lord called Doay Hochtay keepeth his Seat of Residence in the Kingdome of Cumania in a Citie called Asaro or Sara and it is said that he is able to bring six hundred thousand Horsemen to the fight yet are they not so much commended in Feats of Armes as the men of Chapar albeit they haue better Horses These make warre sometimes on the Subiects of Carbanda sometimes against the Hungarians and sometimes amongst themselues But Hochtay who ruleth at this present holdeth his Dominion peaceably and quietly Carbanda hath his Dominion in the Kingdome of Asia the Great and maketh his chiefe abode in the Citie of Tauris beeing able to bring three hundred thousand Horsemen to the field But these are gathered out of diuers parts being rich and well furnished with necessaries Chapar and Hochtay doe sometimes make warre vpon Carbanda but hee neuer medleth first with them neither moueth warres against any but that he sometimes inuadeth the Soldan of Egypt against whom his Predecessors haue fought many Battailes Chapar and Hochtay would willingly take from Carbanda his Dominion if they were able to effect it The reason whereof is this Asia is diuided into two parts the one part whereof being called the Lower or Deepe Asia is inhabited by the Emperour and those two Kings called Chapar and Hochtay The other part being the higher is called Asia the Greater in which Carbanda inhabiteth and hath Dominion Now there are only three wayes by which men may passe out of the Deeper or Lower Asia vnto the high Countrey called Asia Maior The one is out of the Kingdome of Turquestan to the Kingdome of the Persians another way there is called Derbent which lyeth neere the Sea where Alexander built the Citie called the Iron Gate as in the Histories of Cumania appeares the other way is to goe ouer the Sea called Mare maius which way lyeth through the Kingdome of Barca By the first way the subiects of Chapar cannot passe to the Territories of Carbanda without great danger and difficultie because they should find no feeding for their Horses in many dayes trauailes the Land being so dry and barren that before they could come to any fruitfull inhabited Countrey their Horses would be starued or at least so faint and wearied that they might be easily ouercome and therefore that way they

not one of these hath as long as hee liueth any charge or gouernment at all They giue themselues to eating and drinking and bee for the most part burley men of bodie insomuch that espying any one of them whom wee had not seene before wee might know him to bee the Kings Cousin They bee neuerthelesse very pleasant courteous and fayre conditioned neither did wee finde all the time we were in that Citie so much honour and good entertainment any where as at their hands They bid vs to their houses to eate and drinke and when they found vs not or wee were not willing to goe with them they bid our seruants and slaues causing them to sit downe with the first Notwithstanding the good lodging these Gentlemen haue so commodious that they want nothing yet are they in this bondage that during life they neuer goe abroad The cause as I did vnderstand wherefore the King so vseth his Cousins is that none of them at any time may rebell against him and thus bee shutteth them vp in three or foure other Cities Most of them can play on the Lute and to make that kinde of pastime peculiar vnto them onely all other in the Cities where they doe liue bee forbidden that Instrument the Curtizans and blinde folke onely excepted who bee Musicians and can play This King furthermore for the greater securitie of his Realme and the auoyding of tumults letteth not one in all his Countrey to bee called Lord except hee be of his bloud Many great Estates and Gouernours there be that during their office are lodged Lord-like and doe beare the port of mightie Princes but they bee so many times displaced and other placed anew that they haue not the while to become corrupt True it is that during their Office they be well prouided for as afterward also lodged at the Kings charges and in pension as long as they liue payed them monethly in the Cities where they dwell by certaine officers appointed for that purpose The King then is a Lord onely not one besides him as you haue seene except it bee such as be of his bloud A Nephew likewise of the King the Kings Sisters sonne lyeth continually within the walls of the Citie in a strong Palace built Castle-wise euen as his others Cousins doe remayning alwayes within doores serued by Eunuches neuer dealing with any matters Their festiuall dayes new Moones and full Moones the Magistrates make great banquets and so doe such as bee of the Kings bloud The King his Nephew hath name Vanfuli his Palace is walled about the wall is not high but foure square and in circuit nothing inferiour to the walls of Goa the out-side is painted red in euery square a Gate and ouer each gate a Tower made of timber excellently well wrought before the principall Gate of the foure that openeth into the high-street no Loutea bee he neuer so great may passe on horsebacke or carried in his seate Amidst this quadrangle standeth the Palace where that Gentleman lyeth doubtlesse worth the sight although wee came not in to see it By report the roofes of the towers and house are glased greene the greater part of the Quadrangle set with sauage Trees as Oakes Chesnuts Cypresse Pine-apples Cedars and other such like that wee doe want after the manner of a Wood wherein are kept Stagges Oxen and other beasts for that Lord his recreation neuer going abroad as I haue said One preheminence this Citie hath aboue the rest where wee haue beene and it of right as we doe thinke that besides the multitude of Market-places wherein all things are to bee sold through euery streete continually are cryed all things necessarie as Flesh of all sorts fresh-Fish Hearbes Oyle Vineger Meale Rice In summa all things so plentifully that many houses need no seruants euerie thing being brought to their doores Most part of the Merchants remayne in the Suburbs for that the Cities are shut vp euery night as I haue sayd The Merchants therefore the better to attend their businesse doe choose rather to make their abode without in the Suburbs then within the Citie I haue seene in this Riuer a pretie kinde of Fishing not to bee omitted in my opinion and therefore will I set it downe The King hath in many riuers good store of Barges full of Sea-crowes that breed are fed and doe dye therein in certaine Cages allowed monethly a certaine prouision of Rice These Barges the King bestoweth vpon his greatest Magistrates giuing to some two to some three of them as hee thinketh good to Fish therewithall after this manner At the houre appointed to Fish all the Barges are brought together in a circle where the Riuer is shallow and the Crowes tyed together vnder the wings are let leape downe into the water some vnder some aboue worth the looking vpon each one as hee hath filled his bagge goeth to his owne Barge and emptieth it which done hee returneth to fish againe Thus hauing taken good store of Fish they set the Crowes at libertie and doe suffer them to fish for their owne pleasure There were in that Citie where I was twentie Barges at the least of these aforesaid Crowes I went almost euery day to see them yet could I neuer bee throughly satisfied to see so strange a kinde of Fishing ⸪ PEREGRINATIONS VOYAGES DISCOVERIES OF CHINA TARTARIA RVSSIA AND OTHER THE NORTH AND EAST PARTS OF THE WORLD By English-men and others THE SECOND BOOKE CHAP. I. The beginning of English Discoueries towards the North and North-east by Sir HVGH WILLOVGHBY RICHARD CHANCELLOR and others of the Muscouie Trade as also Voyages by Russia ouer the Caspian Sea and thorow diuers Regions of Tartaria §. I. The first Voyage for Discouerie with three ships set forth vnder the charge of Sir HVGH WILLOVGHBY Knight in which he died and Moscouia was discouered by Captaine CHANCELLOR IN the yeere of our Lord 1553. the seuenth of the Raigne of King Edward the sixth of famous memorie Sebastian Cabota was Gouernour of the Mysterie and Companie of the Merchants Aduenturers for the discouerie of Regions Dominions Ilands and places vnknowne Certaine instructions were agreed on by him and the said Companie subscribed by Master Cabota the ninth of May the Kings Letters also procured vnto remote Princes in diuers languages and a fleet of three Ships set forth at that time vnder the command of Sir Hugh Willoughby Knight Captaine generall which went in the Bona Esperanza Admirall a ship of an hundred and twenty tunnes hauing with her a Pinnace and a Boat William Gefferson was Master of the said ship The Edward Bonauenture was of an hundred and sixty tunnes and had with her a Pinnace and a Boat in which went Richard Chancellor Captaine and Pilot Maior of the fleet and Stephen Burrough Master The Bona Confidentia of ninety tunnes had with her a Pinnace and a Boat of which Cornelius Durfoorth was Master The Captaines and Masters were sworne to doe

this time without the walls of China is found no Catay The Portugals called it China borrowing the name as may be supposed from the Siamites and hence Cosmographers made them two Kingdomes But Goez his Iourney by Land to Catay Hath taken away all scruple To returne to ours now come to Pequin the President gaue them entertainment and procured an Eunuch to vndertake the businesse for the Presents which were a Clocke two Pictures two Trigone-glasses and a Bell all pleased the Eunuch but his minde ranne more on making Siluer of Quick-siluer which he had heard they could doe and which would bee more gratefull to the King And when he saw that would not be vndertaken neither would he vndertake to acquaint the King in this time of Corayan Warres and ours also were taken for Iaponians or neere vnto them they not knowing how by true names to distinguish Nations The President also began to be fearefull and purposed to carry them backe with him to Nanquin Yet they staid a moneth after him he being at a certaine day by Law to depart and when they had tryed all wayes in vaine none daring to acknowledge Strangers they returned to Nanquin They had a Bill of Exchange from Amacao to take vp money at Pequin but the Merchant had plaid the Merchant and Chinese too none such there to be found They hired a ship at an easie rate for their returne because they goe empty but not easie in this respect that the Owners pouertie made the Iourney tedious for what of helpes This benefit they made of this Iourney to learne the Language better making a Dictionary obseruing their Accents with Points deuised that speech consisting wholly of Monosyllables the want of skill in those Accents had caused that they neither did nor were vnderstood Cataneus sk●ll in Musicke helping to distinguish those sounds What course Ricius and he instituted that the Company still obserue in their Writing All the Riuers in China vse to be frozen in the beginning of Winter that ships cannot passe by water and Carts by Land are safer They agreed that Father Matthew should goe by Land with two Seruants to try if he could settle at Nanquin the rest and the burthens to stay till the Riuer were thawed He purposed also to goe to Suceu whither Chiutaisu had often inuited him being his Countrey Passing thorow Sciantum he visited Siuceu and Yamceu famous Marts and passing the Riuer Yamceu at Chinchiamfu the chiefe City of that Prouince hee entred into a hand made Riuer by which is sailed to Suceu and to the chiefe Citie of Cechian Hamceu This Riuer being Southerly and neere frozen ouer is so narrow that multitudes of shippes cloy it so somtimes that they cannot passe forward or backward He was forced therefore to go by another way which is a Coach or Wagon of one wheele so builded that one sitting in the midst and two on the sides the Coach-man behind with woodden Leauers or Barres driues it forwards both surely and swiftly that in short time he came to Suceu This Noble Mart is one of them whereof is the Prouerbe That which is in Heauen the Seat of the Blessed that in Earth is named Suceu and Hamceu in splendour wealth frequencie remarkable It is built in a calme fresh-water Riuer and quite thorow one may goe as in Venice by Land or Water but herein it excelleth Venice that the water is fresh The streets and buildings stand vpon piles of Timber the Wares from Amacao and other parts are most sold here It hath one ga●e to the Land the other are water-wayes The Bridges are innumerable Magnificent Ancient but of one Arch in those narrow Chanels Butter and White-meates are plentie Rice and the best Wine which thence is carryed to Pequin and other parts It is scarsly two dayes from the Sea It is well fortified the chiefe City of the Region which hath eight Cities One of the Princes held this when the Tartars were expelled against this Royall Race whereupon it still payeth a great Tribute to wit the halfe of ●ll things growing so that some two whole Prouinces pay lesse then this one Region to the King against whom it had stood out it is still also awed with a frequent Garrison Chiutaiso was then absent at Tanian a Neighbour City who receiued him with great humanitie He abode in a Monasterie and resigned his bed to his Master who tired by trauell fell sicke and was likely there to haue dyed Recouered by his care he gaue him a Triangle Glasse which he put in a Siluer case with Gold Chaines at the ends and adorned it further with a Writing that it was a fragment of that matter whereof the Heauens consist One was said to offer him fiue hundred pieces of Gold soone after for it which till Father Matthew had presented his to the King hee would not sell after that hee set a higher price and sold it At the beginning of the China yeare all are busied in sending Presents to their friends feasts and salutations They went to Cinchian to the p●blike Solemnitie where Chiutaiso was well knowne and by his speech Father Matthew and from thence they went to Nanquin in February 1599. Before wee come thither wee will looke backe to our Canton Iesuits §. VI. Letters from Father LONGOBARD and TAISO RICIVS his entertaynment at Nanquin and Residence there The Chinois vnlearned Learning FAther Nicolas Longobard wrote vnto Claudius Aquaviva the Iesuiticall Generall the eig●teenth of October 1598. that in the Kingdome of China there were then seuen Iesuits distributed into two Residences and one Mission at Nancian Father Iohn Soerius and Iohannes à Roccia himselfe and Francis Martines a Chinese at Sciauceum in Canton Prouince Ricci and Cataneus and Sebastian Fernandez a Chinese were then gone to Pequin that China condition and conditions agreed so well with him that hee seemed to bee in the midst of Italy that much respect had accrewed to them in conceit of the Chinois together with that Habit of their Learned which they had taken the Bonzi and their Habit esteemed base alike He also much commends Thaiso or Taiso Chiutaiso before mentioned who much euery-where commended the Iesuits and their Learning as much exceeding what euer had beene taught in China And truly saith he the Chinois Learning exceedeth not the Science of the Romanes in the time of Cicero They are much exercised in a kind of writing and speaking briefe and pithie Sentences their Bookes expresse well Ethickes and Politickes but are rude in Naturall Philosophie When I had l●tely runne thorow two of their Bookes which they esteeme as their Metaphysikes or first Philosophie one of their learned men gratulated my proficience when as I found therein no more difficulty then in Tully or Titus Linius They say none but the Chinois can vnderstand them Father Ricci vseth to adde none better then the Europeans A

is yet more admirable wherein appeares the power and greatnesse of the Creator to giue so base a Nation as be the Indians the industrie and courage to incounter the most fierce and deformed beast in the world and not onely to fight with him but also to vanquish him and not to triumph ouer him Considering this I haue often remembred that place of the Psalmes speaking of the Whale Draco iste quem formasti ad illudendum eum What greater mockerie can there be then to see an Indian leade a Whale as bigge as a Mountaine vanquished with a cord The manner the Indians of Florida vse as some expert men haue told me to take these Whales whereof there is great store is they put themselues into a Canoe which is like a barke of a tree and in swimming approach neere the Whales side then with great dexteritie they leape to his necke and there they ride as on horse-back expecting his time then he thrusts a sharpe and strong stake which he carries with him into the Whales nostrill for so they call the hole or vent by which they breathe presently he beates it in with another stake as forcibly as he can in the meane space the Whale doth furiously beate the Sea and raiseth Mountaines of water running into the deepe with great violence and presently riseth againe not knowing what to doe for paine the Indian still sits firme and to giue him full paiment for this trouble hee beates another stake into the other vent or nosthrill so as he stoppeth him quite and takes away his breathing then he betakes him to his Canoe which he holds tied with a cord to the Whales side and goes to Land hauing first tied his cord to the Whale the which he lets run with the Whale who leapes from place to place whilest he finds water enough being troubled with paine in the end he comes neere the Land and remaines on ground by the hugenesse of his body vnable any more to moue then a great number of Indians come vnto the Conquerour to gather his spoiles they kill him and cut his flesh in peeces the which is bad enough this doe they dry and beate into powder vsing it for meate it doth last them long wherein is fulfilled that which is spoken in another Psalme of the Whale Dedisti eum escam populis Aethiopum Peter Mendez the Adelantade did often speake of this kinde of fishing Whereof Monardes makes mention in his Booke There is another fishing which the Indians doe commonly vse in the Sea the which although it be lesse yet is it worthy the report They make as it were faggots of bul-rushes or dry sedges well bound together which they call Balsas hauing carried them vpon their shoulders to the Sea they cast them in and presently leape vpon them being so set they lanch out into the deepe rowing vp and downe with small reedes of either side they goe a league or two into the Sea to fish carrying with them their cords and nets vpon these faggots and beare themselues thereon They cast out their nets and doe there remaine fishing the greatest part of the day and night vntill they haue filled vp their measure with the which they returne well satisfied Truely it was delightfull to see them fish at Callao of Lima for that they were many in number and euery one set on horse-backe cutting the waues of the Sea which in their place of fishing are great and furious resembling the Tritons or Neptunes which they paint vpon the water and being come to Land they draw their barke out of the water vpon their backes the which they presently vndoe and lay abroad on the shoare to drie There were other Indians of the Vallies of Yca which were accustomed to goe to fish in leather or skins of Sea-wolues blowne vp with winde and from time to time they did blow them like bals of winde lest they should sinke In the va●e of Canete which in old time they called Guaroo there were a great number of Indian fishers but because they resisted the Ingua when he came to conquer that Land hee made shew of peace with them and therefore to feast him they appointed a solemne fishing of many thousand Indians which went to Sea in their vessels of reeds at whose returne the Ingua who had laid many Souldiers in ambush made a cruell butcherie of them so as afterward this Land remained vnpeopled although it be aboundant and fertile I did see another manner of fishing whereunto Don Francis of Toledo the Viceroy did leade me yet was it not in the Sea but in a Riuer which they call great in the Prouince of Charcas where the Indians Chiraquanas plunged into the water and swimming with an admirable swiftnesse followed the fish where with darts and hookes which they vse to carry in their right hand onely swimming with the left they wound the fish and so hurt they brought them forth seeming in this more like vnto fishes then men of the Land But now that we haue left the Sea let vs come to other kinde of waters that remaine to be spoken of In place of the Mediterranean Sea which is in the old world the Creator hath furnished this new with many Lakes whereof there are some so great as they may be properly called Seas seeing the Scripture calleth that of Palestina so which is not so great as some of these The most famous is that of Titicaca which is at Peru in the Prouince of Callao the which as I haue said in the former booke containes neere fourescore leagues in compasse into the which there runs ten or twelue great Riuers A while since they began to saile in it with Barkes and Ships wherein they proceeded so ill that the first Ship was split with a tempest that did rise in the Lake The water is not altogether sower nor salt as that of the Sea but it is so thicke as it cannot be drunke There are two kindes of fishes breede in this Lake in great abundance the one they call Suches which is great and sauorous but phlegmaticke and vnwholesome and the other Bogos which is more healthfull although it be l●sse and fuller of bones there are great numbers of wilde-ducks and Wigens When as the Indians will feast it or shew delight to any one that passeth along the two bankes which they call Chuouyto and Omasugo they assemble a great number of Canoes making a circle and inuironing the fowle vntill they take with their hands what they please and they call this manner of fishing Chaco On the one and the other banke of this Lake are the best habitations of Peru. From the issue thereof there growes a lesser Lake although it be great which they call Paria vpon the bankes whereof there are great numbers of cattell especially Swine which grow exceeding fat with the grasse vpon those bankes There are many other Lakes in the high Mountaines whence proceede Brookes and

Riuers which after become great flouds Vpon the way from Arequippa to Callao there are two Lakes vpon the Mountaines of the one and other side the way from the one flowes a brooke which growes to a floud and fals into the South Sea from the other they say the famous Riuer of Aporima takes her beginning from the which some hold that the renowned Riuer of Amazons otherwise called Maragnon proceedes with so great an assembly and abundance of waters which ioyne in these Mountaines It is a question may be often asked why there is so many Lakes in the tops of these Mountaines into the which no riuer enters but contrariwise many great streames issue forth and yet doe we scarce see these Lakes to diminish any thing at any season of the yeare To imagine that these Lakes grow by the Snow that melts or raine from heauen that doth not wholly satisfie me for there are many that haue not this abundance of Snow nor raine and yet wee see no decrease in them which makes me to beleeue they are Springs which rise there naturally although it be not against reason to thinke that the Snow and raine helpe somewhat in some seasons These Lakes are so common in the highest tops of the Mountaines that you shall hardly finde any famous riuer that takes not his beginning from one of them Their water is very cleere and breedes little store of fish and that little is very small by reason of the cold which is there continually Notwithstanding some of these Lakes be very hot which is another wonder At the end of the Vallie of Tarapaya neere to Potozi there is a Lake in forme round which seemes to haue beene made by compasse whose water is extreamely hot and yet the Land is very cold they are accustomed to bathe themselues neere the banke for else they cannot endure the heate being farther in In the midst of this Lake there is a boiling of aboue twentie foote square which is the very Spring and yet notwithstanding the greatnesse of this Spring it is neuer seene to increase in any sort it seemes that it exhals of it selfe or that it hath some hidden and vnknowne issue neither doe they see it decrease which is another wonder although they haue drawne from it a great streame to make certaine engines grinde for mettall considering the great quantitie of water that issueth forth by reason whereof it should decrease But leauing Peru and passing to new Spaine the Lakes there are no lesse to be obserued especially that most famous of Mexico where we finde two sorts of waters one salt Lake like to that of the Sea and the other cleere and sweete by reason of the Riuers that enter into it In the midst of this Lake is a rocke very delightfull and pleasant where there are bathes of hot water that issue forth the which they greatly esteeme for their health There are Gardens in the middest of this Lake framed and fleeting vpon the water where you may see plots full of a thousand sorts of hearbes and flowers they are in such sort as a man cannot well conceiue them without sight The Citie of Mexico is seated in the same Lake although the Spaniards haue filled vp the place of the scituation with earth leauing onely some currents of water great and small which enter into the Citie to carrie such things as they haue neede of as wood hearbs stone fruites of the Countrie and all other things When Cortez conquered Mexico hee caused Brigandins to be made yet afterwards he thought it more safe not to vse them therefore they vse Canoes whereof there is great store There is great store of fish in this Lake yet haue I not seene any of price notwithstanding they say the reuenue of this Lake is worth three-hundred thousand Duckets a yeere There are many other Lakes not farre from this whence they bring much fish to Mexico The Prouince of Mechonacan is so called for that it aboundeth greatly with fish There are goodly and great Lakes in the which there is much fish and this Prouince is coole and healthfull There are many other Lakes whereof it is not possible to make mention nor to know them in particular onely wee may note by that which hath beene discoursed in the former Booke that vnder the burning Zone there is greater abundance of Lakes then in any other part of the world There is at the Indies as in other parts of the world great diuersitie of Springs Fountaines and Riuers and some haue strange properties In Guancauilica of Peru where the Mines of Quick-siluer be there is a Fountaine that casts forth hot water and in running the water turnes to rocke of which rocke or stone they build in a manner all the houses of the Village This stone is soft and easie to cut for they cut it as easily with Iron as if it were wood it is light and lasting If men or beasts drinke thereof they dye for that it congeales in the very entrailes and turnes into stone and for that cause some Horses haue died As this water turnes into stone the which flowes stoppes the passage to the rest so as of necessitie it changeth the course and for this reason it runnes in diuers places as the rocke increaseth At the point of Cape Saint Helaine there is a Spring or Fountaine of Pitch which at Peru they call Coppey This should be like to that which the Scripture speakes of the sauage Valley where they did finde pits of Pitch The Marriners vse these Fountaines of Pitch or Coppey to pitch their ropes and tackling for that it serues them as Pitch and Tarre in Spaine When I sailed into new Spaine by the coast of Peru the Pilot shewed me an Iland which they call the I le of Wolues where there is another Fountaine or Pit of Coppey or Pitch with the which they anoint their tackling There are other Fountaines and Springs of Gouliranrozen which the Pilot an excellent man in his charge told me he had seene and that sometimes sailing that waies being so farre into the Sea as he had lost the sight of Land yet did he know by the smell of the Coppey where he was as well as if he had knowne the Land such is the fauour that issues continually from that Fountaine At the Bathes which they call the Bathes of Ingua there is a course of water which comes forth all hot and boiling and ioyning vnto it there is another whose water is as cold as Ice The Ingua was accustomed to temper the one with the other and it is a wonderfull thing to see Springs of so contrarie qualities so neere one to the other There are an infinite number of other hot Springs specially in the Prouince of Charcas in the water whereof you cannot indure to hold your hand the space of an Aue Maria as I haue seene tried by wager In a Farme neere to Cusco

distant from the greater Some iudged it to bee a Whale with her young one which others denyed saying a Whale had no armes To my iudgement each arme might be fiue and twentie foote long and as bigge as a Butt or Pipe the head fourteene or fifteene foote high and much more in breadth and the rest of the body larger That of her which appeared aboue water was aboue fiue times the height of a meane man which make fiue and twentie paces Lorenzo Martino Canon of the Church of Golden Castile Sancio di Tudela c. were with me and we were all afraid when shee came neere our small Caruell Shee seemed to disport her selfe at a tempest approching which suddenly arose much to our purpose from the West and brought vs in few dayes to Panama In Hispaniola and the neighbouring Ilands is a strange bird of prey as bigge as a great Gauia and much like it shee preyeth on the Land on birds c. and on fish in the Water shee is footed like water-fowles and goeth like a Goose but hath talons like Hawkes and fastens therewith on the fishes which shee eates so taken either in the Water or on the Rocks or as shee flyeth in the Aire holding it betweene her feete The Christians call them Astori di acqua What scath the Ants did in Hispaniola is before mentioned in the yeere 1519. and the next following and the Citie of Saint Domingo was almost dishabited by this great Armie of little creatures as in Spaine a Citie was dispeopled by Conies and which lately happened to the I le Porto Santo in Thessalia which almost fell out to the English Colonie in Bermuda to another Citie by Rats to the Atariotae by Frogges to the Mi●ntines by Fleas to Amicle in Italie by Serpents and to another part thereof by Sparrowes to diuers places of Africa often by Locusts so can the Great God arme the least creatures to the destruction of proud vainglorious men And this miserie so perplexed the Spaniards that they sought as strange a remedie as was the disease which was to chuse some Saint for their Patron against the Antes Alexander Giraldine the Bishop hauing sung a solemne and Pontificall Masse after the Consecration and Eleuation of the Sacrament and deuout Prayers made by him and the people opened a Booke in which was a Catalogue of the Saints by lot to chuse some he or she Saint whom God should please to appoint their Aduocate against that Calamitie And the Lot fell vpon Saint Saturnine whose Feast is on the nine and twentieth of Nouember after which the Ant-damage became more tolerable and by little and little diminished by Gods mercie and intercession of that Saint I note it the rather because the Bishop and that Saint were both Romanes and as that Martyr had made mute the Idols in Toledo as is written in the Historie of his Martyrdome so now was Idolatry and I pray what was this destroyed in Hispaniola Hee might haue said exchanged a pitifull case that when God hath s●nt his owne Sonne made of a woman made vnder the Law c. Who hath dyed for our yea that Martyrs sinnes risen for our Iustification ascended on high to giue gifts to men and is there and therefore set downe at Gods right hand to make intercession for vs sinners to take possession for vs mortals to accomplish as our Amen all the promises of this life and that which is to come whether against Ants or Deuils and in him it hath pleased the Father that all fulnesse should dwell yea beyond and it pleased in him dwelleth the fulnesse of the Godhead bodily and we are compleate in him and he is all in all yesterday to day the same for euer which hath loued vs and giuen himselfe for vs which is loue which hath inuited vs Come to me all ye that labour which hath incited vs by all attractiues that after all this men Christian men should goe cast Lots for an Intercessor and neglecting Christ dreame of Romane carnall phancies or runne mad with Romish superstitious phrensies wherein if the bodie be deliuered as happened to the lusting Israelites with their Quaile-store the burthen is made double to the soule when God heareth in his anger Such Cisternes doe they digge which forsake the Fountaine of liuing waters euen broken Cisternes which can hold no waters the best of Saints like the wise Virgins hauing no more Oile then will suffice their owne Lampes and that also receiued out of anothers fulnesse of whose fulnesse wee all haue receiued grace for grace said a principall Saint There are Caterpillers which shine in the night fiftie or a hundred paces off only from that part of the bodie whence the legges issue others only haue their head shining I haue seene some a spanne long very fearefull but for any thing I haue heard harmelesse Flies are lesse but more hurtfull then in Spaine but these in kindes and colours are so diuersified that it is impossible to write them and so may be said of other small creatures in those parts In his sixteenth Booke he declareth the Conquest of the I le Borichen or Saint Iohn and the quarrels betwixt the Spaniards the learning of some breeding such dissentions that not without cause saith our Author in Golden Castile and in other parts the King forbad Law-learned men and Proctors should passe thither as men infectious by sowing strife where they ought not In this I le the people and other things are as before is said of Hispaniola there are more Birds in Saint Iohn rich Mineralls of Gold certaine Battes which the people eate and Lignum Sanctum groweth there more excellent then the Guaiacan for the French Disease and others In his seuenteenth Booke he writeth of Cuba The people and other things are much like to Hispaniola In their Mariages all the guests of the Bridegroomes ranke as Caciques if hee bee a Cacique or Principall or Plebeians as he is lye with the Spouse before he himselfe may doe it after which she with her fist bent comes crying with a loud voyce Manicato Manicato that is forced and full of force as glorying in her shame They are in vices like those of Hispaniola and will be no better Christians then other Indians whatsoeuer Peter Martyr writeth from Encises Relations For I haue seene more Indians then they both and by experience of those Nations know that none or very few of them are Christians of their owne will and accord and when any are baptized being of age he doth it more for some by-purpose then for zeale of the faith for there remaines to him nothing but the name which also soone after he forgets Perhaps there are some faithfull but I beleeue they are very rare The Creatures and Plants of Spaine prosper well there as doe the naturall which are the same which are in Hispaniola The people were exhausted when they first went

which is the tropike neerest vnto them I know not whether the one or the other haue obserued any Bisexte although some hold the contrarie The weekes which the Mexicans did reckon were not properly weekes being not of seuen daies the Inguas likewise made no mention thereof which is no wonder seeing the count of the weeke is not grounded vpon the course of the Sunne as that of the yeare nor of the Moone as that of the moneth but among the Hebrewes it is grounded vpon the creation of the world as Moyses reporteth and amongst the Greekes and Latins vpon the number of the seuen Planets of whose names the daies of the weeke haue taken their denomination yet was it much for those Indians being men without bookes and learning to haue a yeare seasons and feasts so well appointed as I haue said LEtters were inuented to signifie properly the words we doe pronounce euen as words according to the Philosopher are the signes and demonstrations of mans thoughts and conceptions And both the one and the other I say the letters and words were ordained to make things knowne The voice of such as are present and letters for the absent and such as are to come Signes and markes which are not properly to signifie words but things cann●t be called neither in truth are they letters although they be written for we cannot say that the picture of the Sunne is a writing of the Sunne but onely a picture and the like may be said of other signes and characters which haue no resemblance to the thing but serue onely for memorie for he that inuented them did not ordaine them to signifie words but onely to noate the thing neither doe they call those characters letters or writings as indeede they are not but rather ciphers or remembrances as those be which the Spherists or Astronomers doe vse to signifie diuers signes or planets of Mars Venus Iupiter c. Such characters are ciphers and no letters for what name soeuer Mars may haue in Italian France or Spanish this character doth alwaies signifie it the which is not found in letters for although they signifie the thing yet is it by meanes of wo●ds So as they which know not the thing vnderstand them not as for example the Greekes nor the Hebrews cannot conceiue what this word Sol doth signifie although they see it written for that they vnderstand not the Latine word so as writing and letters are onely practised by them which signifie words therewith For if they signifie things mediately they are no more letters nor writings but ciphers and pictures whereby we may obserue two notable things The one that the memorie of Histories and Antiquities may be preserued by one of these three meanes either by letters and writings as hath beene vsed amongst the Latines Greekes Hebrewes and manie other Nations or by painting as hath beene vsed almost throughout all the world for it is said in the second Nicene Counsell Painting is a Booke for fooles which cannot reade or by ciphers and characters as the cipher signifies the number of a hundred a thousand and others without noting the word of a hundred or a thousand The other thing we may obserue thereby is that which is propounded in this Chapter which is that no Nation of the Indies discouered in our time hath had the vse of letters and writings but of the other two sorts Images and figures The which I obserue not onely of the Indies of Peru and New Spaine but also of Iappon and China It is difficul● to vnderstand how the Chinois can write proper names in their tongue especially of strangers being things they haue neuer seene and not able to inuent figures proper vnto them I haue made triall thereof being in Mexico with the Chinois willing them to write this proposition in their language Ioseph Acosta is come from Peru and such like whereupon the Chinese was long pensiue but in the end hee did write it the which other Chinois did after reade although they did vary a little in the pronuntiation of the proper name For they vse this deuise to write a proper name they seeke out some thing in their tongue that hath resemblance to that name and set downe the figure of this thing And as it is difficult among so many proper names to finde things to resemble them in the prolation so is it very difficult and troublesome to write such names Vpon this purpose Father Allonso Sanchez told vs that when hee was in China being led into diuers Tribunall Seates from Manderin to Manderin they were long in putting his name in writing in their Caphas yet in the end they did write it after their manner and so ridiculously that they scarce came neere to the name and this is the fashion of Letters and Writings which the Chinois vsed That of the Iapponois approached very neere although they affirme that the Noblemen of Iappon that came into Europe did write all things very easily in their Language were they of our proper names yea I haue had some of their Writing shewed me whereby it seemes they should haue some kinde of Letters although the greatest part of their Writings bee by the Characters and figures as hath beene said of the Chinois An Indian of Peru or Mexico that hath learned to read write knowes more then the wisest Mandarin that is amongst them for that the Indian with foure and twentie Letters which hee hath learned will write all the words in the World and a Mandarin with his hundred thousand Letters will be troubled to write some proper name as of Martin or Alonso and with greater reason he shall bee lesse able to write the names of things hee knowes not So as the writing in China is no other thing but a manner of painting or ciphering WE find among the Nations of New Spaine a great knowledge and memorie of antiquititie and therefore searching by what meanes the Indians had preserued their Histories and so many particularities I learned that although they were not so subtill and curious as the Chinois and those of Iappon yet had they some kind of Letters and Bookes amongst them whereby they preserued after their manner the deeds of their Predecessors In the Prouince of Yucatan where the Bishopricke is which they call de Honduras there were Bookes of the leaues of Trees folded and squared after their manner in the which the wise Indians contained the distribution of their times the knowledge of the Planets of beasts and other naturall things with their Antiquities a thing full of great curiositie and diligence It seemed to some Pendant that all this was an Inchantment and Magicke Arte who did obstinately maintayne that they ought to be burnt so as they were committed to the fire Which since not onely the Indians found to be ill done but also the curious Spaniards who desired to know the secrets of the Countrey The like hath happened in other things for

of Mechouacan Ch. 4. Deuills emulation of that worke of God in bringing Israel out of Egypt and passing thorow the desert to Canaan Tabernacle Arke Mexi their Moses Mechouacan Pascuaro Of that which happened in Malinalco Tula and in Chapultepec Chap. 5. Witch forsaken Deuils proud emulation in punishing disobedience and teaching murtherous sacrifices Chapultepec Metamorphosis Atlacuyauaya Of the warres the Mexicans had against them of Culhuacan Chap. 6. Ticaapan Queene of Discord made b● the King of Pride Toccy Of the foundation of Mexico Chap. 7. Eagle glorious adored Tenoxtiltan Tabernacle for their Deuils Arke Stone Chappell Oracle God of the quarters Of the sedition of those of Tlatelulco and of the first Kings the Mexicans did choose Chap. 8. Acamapixtli first King of the Mexicans How Orations were kept in memorie Crowne and coronation Of the strange 〈◊〉 the Mexicans payed to them of Azcapuzalco Chap. 9. Garden in the water How made New Pharaonicall taxes Acamapixtli dyeth Vitzilouitli elected King Marriage ceremonie Lots and Southsaying Kings death Of Chimalpopoca the third King and his cruell death the occasion of warre which the Mexicans made Chap. 11 Quarrell with the Tapanecans King murthered Of the f●urth King called Izcoalt and of the warre against the Tapanecans Chap. 12. Tlac●ell●●s valour Ceremonies of defiance Of the battaile the Mexicans gaue to the Tapanecans and of the victorie they obtained Chap. 13. The Battaile Mexicans conquer Diuision of spoyles Of the warre and victory the Mexicans had against the Citie of Cuyoacan Chap. 14. Temple Of the warre and victory which the Mexicans had against the Suchimilcos Ch. 15. Temple filled Causey made Cuitlauaca Children in the Couent Captiues sacrificed Izcoalts death Of the fift King of Mexico called Moteçuma the first of that name Chap. 16. Griffons ta●ons Bloudy and diuellish institution Pompous solemnity Horrible courage Tlascalla to Mexico as Carthage to Rome Great Temple built Deuillish deuotions How Tlacaellec refused to be King and of the election and deedes of Ticocic Chap. 17 Fit similitude Nosthrils pierced King poysoned Of the death of Tlacaellec the deeds of Axayaca the seuenth King of the Mexicans Chap. 18. Tiquantepec razed Guatulco Royall combate Tlatelulco fired Of the deeds of Autzol the eight King of Mexico Chap. 19 The Picture story cals him Tiçocicatzi Quaxulatlan Famous Sorcerer or Indian Prote●● Mexican Annalls in the Vatican King of Tescucos Oration Mexican greatnes●e Their opinions of God and 9. Heauens Elegant Pros●popoeia Elegant Pros●p●oeia Kings Office Motezuma answere How Mote●uma ordered the seruice of his house and of the warre he made for his Coronation Chap. 21. Pride before the fall Seg●●a de la Frontiere Of the behauiour and greatnesse of Motezuma Chap. 22. His proud state * Or betwixt railes His liberalitie His seueritie His policie to fift men Quetzacoalt His crueltie a true effect of the Deuils foretellings God forewarneth men to bring them to repentance the Deuill to fill them with feates perfidious and cruell iealousies superstious shifts and to maintaine his credit by his diuining seeking to prooue his diuinity al which is heere euident in things which Gods iustice lets him know he will do● to punish such impious pietie Prodgies or Deuillish Miracles A Comet by day Monsters Prodigious Foule Of the newes Moteçuma receiued of the Spaniards arriual in his Country and of the Ambassage he sent them Chap. 24. Relation or writing by Pictures Effects of superstitious legends Cortes admits diuine worship agreeing more with his couetous designes then Christian religion which thriued there according to these beginnings Egregiam vero laudem Needes must they goe whom Deuill driues Protean shifts Of the Spaniards entrie into Mexico Chap. 25. Tezcalipuca a Deuill-god Good fishing in troubled waters Cortes his two strange attempts Of the death of Motezuma and the Spaniards departure out of Mexico Chap. 26. Indian armies Fourth dayes rest in warre 300. Spaniards lost And can you blame him to write the best of himselfe Succession of superstition Royall courage You here hear a Iesuit Gold is a miracle-working God in couetous hearts Quid. non mortali● pectora cogit Auri sacro fames this sacerrima fames wrought miracles in all the Spanish Indies and still doth at Saints shrines and in European pilgrimages and Purgatorie visions c. Great is cryed the shrine-makers Diana of the Ephesians Si ego might America say digna sim hac contumeliâ maximè At t● Hispane indignus qui faceres tamen What difference twixt Wordes and Swords twixt Apostles and greedie Souldiers The Prince of peace sent men not to kill but to be killed came to bee a slaine Lamb that the World might be saued not to slay a World that himselfe might be a couetous worldly sauer and conqueror Nimrod or Alexander had been fitter Preachers in this kinde then Peter and Paul● their examples not of these did Cortes and Pizarro follow and the Christianitie of those parts more sm●lls of the Sword then the Word as the Iesuit in bookes de procuranda Ind. sal hath shewed as is shewed sup To. 1. l. 2. c. 1. in bayting the Popes Bull. A●gust lib. 2. de com euang c. 36. This was the greatest helpe of the Spanish conquest Indian qua●rels made that easie which their gold made desirable Diuers Nations which the Spaniards could neuer conquer to this day Deuill insupportable They acknowledge one supreme Deitie Acts 17. No proper name for God Acts●● ●● Of the first kinde of Idolatrie vpon naturall and vniuersall things Chap. 4. Sunne their second God and then other heauenly Bodies in their order Temples to the Thunder their third God Iupiters fulmen Humane sacrifices Earth Sea Raine-bow Starre● worshipped Mexicans worship the Sunne c. Vitzliputzlis Temple Idolatrising rite the same to all their Idols with words different Lares as Popish mediators of intercession * Adoration h●d the n●me of ad and os k●ssing the hand with bowing of the body c. See Min. Fael lob 31. Of the Idolatry the Indians vsed to particular things Chap. 5. Concil Limensi 2 p. 2. cap. 99. Of another kinde of Idolatry vpon the dead Chap. 6. Wisd. 14. Of Superstitions they vsed to the dead Chap. 7. Immortality of soules beleeued but not resurrection of the bodies as ar 17. 1000. slaine to attend one dead man Superstitions of the old English Portugall w●le Purgatoryiancies as in Popish legends Of the manner of burying the dead among the Mexican and sundry other Nations Chap. 8. Places of buriall Chaplen and other Officers killed The fourth last kinde of of Idolatry the Indians vsed especially the Mexicans to Images and Idols Chap. 9. Images the fourth kinde of Indian Idolatry The Deuils Paenitentiary Their Nemesis Varro makes this difference betwixt R●ligion and Superstition Qui Deum non ●ere●tur vt ●atre● timebunt vt h●stem Indian Mercury Goddesses See former Chap. They sat down to eate and drinke and rose vp to play Of a strange manner