as the Waldenses to learn and propagate the Truth knowledge shall be multiplied in the earth in the last time The same word is used Numb 11.8 Of the Children of Israel going about to gather Manna and of the Devils going to and fro Job 1. and 7. Manifestly intimating saith Sir Francis Bacon De Augmentis Scientiarum l. 2. c. 10. Et Nov. Org. l. 1. Aphor. 93. that God would so order it by his providence that the passing through the world which is now fulfilled by so many far Navigations and the increasing of Sciences should fall into the same age Orbis terrarum factus est hac nostra aetate mirum in modum faenestratus atque patens Baconus De Augmentis Scientiarum l. 2. c. 10. Nostris temporibus novi orbis partes complures veteris orbis extrema undique innotescunt Baconus Nov. Org. l. 1. Aphor. 72. In the Philosophical Conferences of the Virtuosi of France Conference 87. It is determined whether Travel be necessary to an ingenuous man He saith there if you except Embassies Imperetam anima homo qui Circum scribitur natalis soli fine Seneca in which the good of the State drowns all other consideraâ—ions those that would Travel must be young and strong rich and well borne to get any good by their Travells La Moth le Vair in his Opuscules Lettre 6. Humiles istae plebeae animae domi resident affixae sunt suae terrae illa divinior est quae coelum imitatur gaudet motu Lipsii Epistola de Peregrinatione Italica Hodie magnum dedecus est Germanis patrios tantum nosse mores praecipua vero pars laudis exteras regiones ad minimum Italiam Gallias Hispaniam Belgiam Angliam ve per lustralle Balduini Oratio Panegyrica Speaks of the profit of Voyages and Lettre 7. of the unprofitableness of them he saith in the sixth Letter that Travelling is the best School for life in several respects The French say Vn honeste homme Est un homme meste an honest or wise man is a mixt man that is one who hath somthing in him in point of knowledge of all Nations Charles the fifth made Nine Voyages The States of the Empire Dial. 1. into Germany Six into Spain Seven into Italy four into France Ten into the Low-Countries Two into England as many into Affrica he also passed the Ocean and Mediterranean Seas eleven times The Emperour Hadrian travelled over a great part of the world Linguetus non minus doctrina quà m diuturna totius Europae peragratione Clarus Bodini methodus Ad Facilem Historiarum Cognitionem Polybius nequid falsi scriberet imprudens in longe semotas profectus est oras easque suis lustravit oculis Diodor. Sicul. Ex testimonia Justini martyris annos triginta Europiam atque Aliam lustravit Pauli Poet. not in Marc. Com. Imperat. Vitam Prosper Alpinus olim Aegyptum magno cum fructu studiosae juventutis peragravit Pignorii mensae Isiacae expositio Pythagoras quidem inter Barbaros discendi causa peregrinatus est atque ut nonnulli tradiderunt Prophetam Ezechielem vidit Douneaeus in Chrysost Vide Selden de jure c. Lib. 1. Cap. 2. and with his Head bare though it was cold and wet and so fell into a deadly dsease whence the Verses of Florus the Poet whom Salmasius in his notes on Aelius Spartianus thinks to be the Historian who elegantly wrote the Epitome of the Roman affairs and lived under Hadrian Ego nolo Caesar esse Ambulare per Britannos Scythicas pati pruinas I will in no wise Caesar be To walk along in Britainie The Scythick frosts to feel and see To which the Emperour answered in the like strain Ego nolo Florus esse Ambulare per tabernas Latitare per popinas Culices pati rotundos And I will never Florus be To walk from shop to shop as he To lurk in Taverns secretly And there to feel the Rome-wine fly But saith Stuckius how many Christian Princes and Nobles are now to be found In his Scholia in Arriani Periplum Pontei Euxini William Postel a French-man was a great Traveller and Mathematician more like Florus than the Emperour Adrian They that have written the Iteneraries of the Apostles See 2 Cor 11.25 have observed that St. Paul Travel'd much farther than either St. Peter or St. John as they have described the circuite and Purchas both Divines of which last Dr. Casaubon of Credulity and Incredulity part first saith a book of very good worth with them that know the right use and more valued abroad than it is at home by many Of the Navigation of the French into America Johannes Lerius hath written well of the †Probaebile est ideo poetas fixisse Aeneam Herculem The seum Pyrithoum Vlyssem Orpheum ad inferos descendisse propter longinquas Eorum Navigationes quibus a Conspectu hominum diu separati mox reduces Existimati sunt eo pervenisse si animae post mortem degunt Morysoti Orbis Maritimi Hist l. 1. c. 33. Navigations of the Portugals and Spaniards See Guicciardines History of Italy lib. 6. Of those of the English Hackluit speaks sufficiently Of the profit which comes to men by Navigations see Fourniers Hydrography l. 4. c. 9. and of the Faith enlarged and amplified by means of Navigation See the same book chap. 6. There are also the Navigations and Voyages of Leyis Vertomannus and Cadamusti Navigatio ad terras ignotas of whom Peter Martyr saith in the seventh Chapter of his second Decade that he stole certain An notations out of the three first Chapters of his first Decade written to Cardinal Ascanius and Acimboldus supposing that he would never have published the same Dr. Casaubon in his first part of Credulity and Incredulity in things Natural Civil and Divine saith I have as all men I think have that are any thing curious read several relations of all the known parts of the world written by men of several Nations and Professions Learned and Unlearned in divers Languages by men of several ages ancient and late There are divers Hodaeporica Voyages and Itineraries Antient Modern in Prose Verse in Latin French English †Vixit Benjamin ut ejus interpres benedictus Ariasâ— testatur anno ab orbe Condito 4033. Drus Observat Sac. l. 13. c. 2. Benjamin Tidelensis his Itinerary He was a Jew and travelled over a great part of the world Ecchellensis in his Preface to his Historia Arabum seems to slight him Constantine l'Empereur who hath publisht notes upon him saith in his Dissertat Ad Lectorem Cum judicio legendum hoc itinerarium nec auctori in omnibus habenda fides praesertim ubi suorum conditionem ac statum extollit plurima tamen notatu digna passim occurrunt ut quae de locorum distantiis aliisque annotat There is Cotovici Itinerarium Hierosolymitanum Syriacum Busbequii * Angeriue
Breves which I have purchased from France Alexandre de Rhodes in the third part of his Voyages ch 13. Speaks of Monsieur de Boulaye which hath published Vn tres beau liure de ses voyages ou il faut voir ec autant de fidelite Yanaquillus Faber in his notes on the sixth book of Lucretius c. 1. saith Lambertus Massiliensis hath left a little Book De Peregrinatione Aegyptiaca printed at Paris which he undertook 1626. que de nettete d'esprit la Conduite qu' il a monstree sans des Royaumes si differents He hath travelled over saith he the greatest part of Europe Asia and Africa I have seen that French Book also There is Alex. Geraldini Itinerarium ad regiones sub Aquinoctiali in sixteen Books There are also Relations of Divers Curious Voyages by Monsieur Thevenot There are also the Republicks of several nations in little portable books in three Tomes and Relation Du voyage de l'Eveque de Breyte per la Turquie la Perse les Indes c. jusques au Royaume de Siam autres lieux par M. de Bourges Prestre c. Both mentioned in the Philosophical Transactions I have mustered up these several Itineraries and Voyages both because I have perused most if not all of them except the two last when I was about my great book of Geography though it be not yet printed And because I suppose Travellers may hereby furnish themselves with the best writers of those parts of the world whether they intend to go either to instruct them about those places before they go or to carry with them Who ever since the beginning of things and men hath been so often by royal imployment sent Embassador to so many Princes so distant in place so different in rites as Sir Robert Sherlie There are the three English Brothers and Sir Robert Sherley his Embassy into Poland both Printed See Finets Observat page 136 137. 172 173 174 to 177. Two Emperours Rodolph and Ferdinand two Popes Clement and Paul twice the King of Spain twice the Polonian the Muscovite also have given him Audience And twice also though not the least for a born subject to be Embassador to his Soveraign his Majesty hath heard his Embassage from the remote Persian Purchas his Pilgrims part 2. l. 10. c. 10. Dr. Nicholas Wotton Uncle to Sir Henry Wotton was Privy-Counceller to four successive Soveraignes Viz. King Henry the 8th Edward the 6th Queen Mary Queen Elizabeth He was nine times Embassadour for the Crown of England to the Emperour the Kings of France and Spain and other Princes Camdens Hist of Q. Elizabeth Some have instanced in several English Embassadours how well they have acquitted themselves but I shall single out one as very deserving The Appendix to the History of Mr. Medes life Sir Thomas Rowe after many Ambassages to almost all the Princes and States in Christendome all which were managed with admirable Dexterity Success and Satisfaction was last of all Ambassador Extraordinary to Ferdinand the third Emperour of Germany who gave him this Character I have met with many Gallant Persons of many Nations but I scarce ever met with an Ambassador till now Bishop Bedell was Chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton at Venice Dr. Featly to Sir Thomas Edmonds in France Dr. John Burgesse to Sir Horatio Vere in Germany Mr. Boyle in his Preface to his Experiments touching Cold commends Captain James his Voyages it being scarce and not to be met with in Purchas's Tomes having been written some years after they were finished and his Voyages published by the last Kings command He stiles him in his Book that Ingenuous Navigator He being bred in the University and acquainted with the Mathematicks He commends also Mr. Ligon of the Barbado's Neither of these two have I seen and stiles him ingenious Mr. Ligon But enough if not too much of this Geographers who write of the four parts of the Earth are as large in Europe as in the other three Asia Africa and America To which one part all learning seemeth now to be in a manner confined which within this hundred or two hundred years hath produced so many able men of all professions Divines Lawyers Physicians and Philosophers Papists and Protestants Bolton in his Nero Caesar c. 29. sect 1. speaking of ancient Rome saith The wonder of the feat did not grow from the greatness only but from the innumerable ornaments of publick and private works erected for use delight and glory dispersed over all the fourteen wards or regions thereof Temples Forums Libraries Therms Aquaducts Theaters Amphitheaters Circi Porticus Arches Columns Statues Palaces and the rest whose bare names scarce remaining do fill up Volums with their inventories The best Circuit a Traveller can take is to go through Holland towards Germany thereby to satisfie his curiosity by degrees for Germany will afford more satisfaction than the Low-Countries France more then Germany Italy more then France Gerbiers subsidium Peregrinantibus Paris Rome and Constantinople are the Court of the World Venice Geneva and Lisbon the City Provence Andaluzia and Italy the Garden Africk and America the Desart and Wilderness Flecknoes Relation of twenty years Travels Letter 22. Johnson in his Relation of the most famous Kingdoms l. 1. of Travel adviseth a Traveller to take heed of the Pride of Spain Dr. Hall thinks Italy a dangerous place for Youth Vrsin in a Gratulatory Epistle to a friend returned out of Italy addes Ex cloaca diabolorum Necesse est peregriâ—aturam habere duos saccos patientiae unum pecuniae alterum Commenii Praxis Senicae par 5. Actus 4. Sâ—ena 1. the Poyson of Italy the Treason of France and the drink of Flanders Those who have a desire to travel to Jerusalem should take heed to themselves that they make no Shipwrack of Conscience for if they come not well commended or well monyed or both there is no being for them except they partake with them in their Idolatrous Services Purchas his Pilgrimage part 2. l. 8. ch 9. Lud. Bartema Relates that they that Travel over the Desarts of Arabia which are all covered with light and fleeting Sands so that no Track can ever be found do make certain boxes of wood which they place on Camels backs and shut themselves in them to keep them from the Sands and by the help of the Load-stone like the Marriners Compass they steer their Course over the vast and uncouth Desarts The Latine the French the Sclavonick and the Arabian Tongue are known in many places For Africa Leo * Leo Afâ—â— in rebus Africanis fere instar omnium esse potest Hosmanni mantica Leo Africanus A man of no small credit among them who are well versed in the History of the World Dr. Casaubon of Credulity and Incredulity part 1. Some say Golnitz is the best Itinerary for France le Voiageur Irancois Jodocus Sincerus his Itinerarium Gallia is well liked is
vitam Leireskii l. 6. p. 552 553. is one great piece of antiquity by the knowledge of which as other ways we may come to understand the right writing of several words Heliogabalus or Algebalus rather as he was stiled of old as Egnatius Notis ad Caesares proves out of some old Coyns Leonardus Aretinus in the fourth Book of his Epistles describing his journy from Rome to Constance saith when he enquired of some Citizens there of the antiquity and original of Constance nemo adhuc mihi occurrit qui vel avi sui nomen memoriam ne dum urbi tenere videretur Yet by diligent searching he found a Marble Table Containing ancient letters by which it appears that this City took its name from Constantius the Father of Constantine being called Vitudura There is much learned pleasure in the Contemplation of the several figures stamped on each side of these Attique Coyns Would you see the true and undoubted models of their Temples Altars Deities Columns Gates Arches Aquaeducts Bridges Sacrifices Vessels Sellae Curules Ensignes and Standards Naval and Mural Crowns Amphitheaters Circi Bathes Chariots Trophies Ancilia and a thousand things more Repair to the old Coyns and you shall find them Peachams Compleat Gentleman ch 12. There is a twofold Inscription of Coyns obversa and aversa Vide Seldenum De Jure Naturali l. 6 c. 17. I have heard of some men Dr. Casaubone of Credulity and Incredulity in things Natural Civil and Divine part 2 but heard it onely who by the bare handling and smelling would judge better of old Coyns which is a great trade beyond the Seas and concerning which many Books are written than others not altogether strangers unto them could by the sight The general names for Money among the Romans are three Apud Romanos quidem res nummaria tria habet generalia vocabula quibus nominatur Moneta Pecunia Nummus Georg. Agricola De Veteribus Novis Metallis l. 1. Moneta Numus Pecunia First Moneta whence the French Monnoye à Monendo because it sheweth us the Author the Value and the time Numisma quasi Nomisma à nominibus scilicet effigiebus principum quae ei imprimebantur Isidorus dici putat Waserus De Antiquis Numis Hebraeorum Chaldaeorum Syrorum c. 11. Secondly Numus or Nummus rather saith Vossius a Numa saith Angelo Cretor it hath rather a Greek Original 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the Law because it is a Legitimate and publick price Nomisma and Numus saith Martinius seem to be of the same Original Thirdly Pecunia either from the Images of * Pecuniam à pecum dictam esse constat sed quae sit causa originis parum convenit inter auctores Vossii Etymologicum Linguae Latinae Cattel stamped upon it or from their skin out of which mony was Coyned Gen. 33.19 For an hundred pieces of money the Greek and Chaldee translate it a hundred Lambs Others think they were pieces of money on which the images of Lambs were stamped So in Jos 24.32 Job 42.11 Ainsworth Vide Meneru in loc Brerewood De Ponderibus c. The Mony currant in Attica was commonly stamped with an Oxe whence came the By-word Bos in Lingua Dr. Heylins Cosm in Greece p. 5 88. applied to such Lawyers as were bribed to say nothing in their Clients cause not much unlike to which was the Proverb rising from the Coyn of Aegina an Isle adjoyning stamped with the figure of a Snail viz. Virtutem sapientiam vincant Testudines The Names of the Brass Money among the Romans were As Quadrans Sextans Triens Of the Silver Denarius Quinarius Sestertius Of the Gold Aureus * Vt aureus viginti quinque denarias complectebatur ita totidem annos Aureum vitae appellabant Mearsi mantissa ad Luxum Romanum c. 19. sive Solidus it was valued with the Romans at 25 Denaries As or assis is a little piece of mony whose baseness grew into a Proverb Omnes unius aestimemus assis Aes is also used for Money because the first Money amongst the Romans was made of Brass whence aerarium also for a Treasury Tam aeris quam argenti nominibus in sermone latino pecunia indicatur Camerarius Servius Tullius First Coyned Money at Rome as Pliny witnesseth l. 33. c. 3. This was of Brass Romani primum usi fuerunt qua druplici Moneta ne mpe Plumbea Aerea Argentea Aurea Plumbeae usus quando coeperit incertum Aes initio habuerunt rude pondere distinctum non nota Lipsius quasi forma exemplum ad quos nummos alios omnes expenderent Serarius in Josh c. 7. Quaest 5. They used this till the 5th year before the first Punick war Then Silver Money was first Coyned which is called Denarius quia valeret decem libras aeris The Golden Money was Coyn'd at Rome forty two years after the Silver Money was used as Pliny shews in the place before-named 62. saith Lipsius The price and esteem of Gold was different among the Grecians and Romans among the Grecians Golden Money was changed for ten of Silver among the Romans for twelve and a half often it was much more esteemed Vossius De Philiologia Christianiae l. 6. c 35. Meursius hath put out Denarius Pythagoricus opusculum pereruditum ac mihi eo gratius quod inscripserit nomini nostro Vossius ibid. l. 8. c. 3. Amongst the ancient Hebrews Chaldeans and Syrians Waserus de Antiquis Numis Hebraeorum l. 2. c. 2. the most usual money was the Siclus or Shekel among the Latines the cheif and usual kinds of Silver money were Denarius and †Scriverius on Martiall addes Victoriatus Consentiunt omnes Sicli nomen esse prorsus ab Hebraeo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Shekel hoc vero esse à verbo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Shakal quod appenderare significat partim quia ut in multis hodie locis ponderari enim solebat argentea moneta partim quia apud Hebr aeos hoc nummi genus erat Sestertius among the Grecians Drachma Mina Talentum A Shekel coming from Shakal he weighed from whence our English Skole and Skale to weigh with is derived is by interpretation a weight as being the most common in payments in which they used to weigh their money Gen. 23.16 Jer. 32.9 The Chaldee calleth a Shekel Silgna and Selang from whence our English shilling seemeth to be borrowed and the quantity of the common shekel differd not much from our shilling as the shekel of the Sanctuary was about two shillings Answ on Gen. 20.16 See him on Exod. 33.13 A shekel is about the weight of an English half Crown Nehem. 5.14 15. Forty shekels of Silver that is five pounds sterling a shekel is half an ounce which makes 2 s. 6 d. Valet pro inde Shekel de nostro 2 s. 6 d. Brerewood de Ponderibus Pretiis veterum nummorum c. 1. Exod. 30.13 Mr. Jackson on that
and rendred Maneh Snellius De Re Nummaria saith it is manifest by the testimonies of Comedians that there was a double Talent in use among the Athenians a greater and a lesser A Talent is the greatest weight which was in use Attica Talentum Mina sunt Numerus Collectio pecuniae non species Nummi Sealiger De Re Nummaria The Talent was manifold the Attrick Talent is much celebrated Ainsworth every Talent was a twelve pounds weight it weighed three thousand Shekels and every Shekel three hundred and twenty grains of Barley An Hebrew Talent in Silver is of our money three hundred seventy and five pounds In Gold four thousand five hundred pounds 1 Chron. 22.14 See Brerewood De Ponderibus Pret. Heb. c. c. 6. Now behold in my poverty I have prepared for the house of the Lord an hundred thousand Talents of Gold and a thousand thousand Talents of Silver Some compute it to be above thirty three thousand Cart-loads of silver allowing six thousand pound sterling to every Cart-load and seventy millions of French Crowns of Gold See Sir Walter Rawleigh his History of the World part 2. ch 17. § 9. 1 Kings 9.14 The Talent contained three hundred shekels as may be collected from Exo. 38.25 26. The Hebrews valued Gold at ten times the rate of Silver The Jews had two Talents the one sacred the other common The sacred was in weight and worth as much more as the common The sacred in Gold was reputed to be three thousand seven hundred and fifty pound in value the common one thousand eight hundred seventy and five pounds sterling Dr. Gouge in loc Edward Brerewood heretofore Professor of Astronomy in Gresham-Colledge in London hath published a learned Book De Ponderibus Pretiis Veterum Nummorum eorumque cum recentioribus Collatione which is in the Apparatus of the Polyglot Bible Waserus hath written so fully and exactly of the ancien Coyns of the Hebrews Chaldees and Syrians that there needs not to be said more of that Argument Budaeus * Sed de istoc caeteris ad rem monetariam pertinentibus Consuli malo Budaeum Vortium Hottomannum Car. Moli naeum Covarruviam intelligentissimu in bujus argumenti Reinerum Budelium Ruremundanum Ictum Electori Coloniensi dum viveret monetarum tam Rhenensium quam West-falicarum praefectum Cujus geminus exstat liber unus de arte cudendae monetae alter de quaestionibus Monetariis Vossius De Physiol Christ l. 6. c. 36 Inter antiquos Orismius Lexoniensis Episcopus Caroli sexti Galldrum regis praeceptor Curiosa de re Nummaria volumine inter recentiores Gulielm Budaeus libris de Asse Joachim Camerarius de Nummismat Graec. Lat Demps in Rosin Antiq. Rom. l. 7. c. 31. Vide Plure ibid. in his Books de Asse or the Breviary Collected out of him with the Annotations of Philip Melanchthon and Joachim Camerarius are the best for the Greek and Latine Coyns Antonius Augustinus a man very acurate in Coyns as appears by his Dialogues Mr. Greaves of the Denarius Marquardus Freherus hath put forth a learned Discourse of paying tribute where he speaks somewhat of Roman Coyns Mr. Selden De Jure Naturali ac Gentium l. 2. c. 8. calls it Eruditissima ac gravissima De Numismate census à Pharisaeis inquestionem vocato Dissertatio Mr. Greaves hath written learnedly of this subject in his discourse of the Denarius The Roman Emperours Gold Silver and Copper Coyn with their Images and Inscriptions are in the custody of that learned Knight and my worthy Friend Sir John Cotten as I have heard It 's pitty that Sir Simonds D' Eus my great friend had not published somthing this way he having spent so much time in this study and having purchased so many several Coyns of all sorts There are some other Gentlemen that have a good Collection of Coyns There are Coyns with Lazius l. 3. Commen Reipub. Romanae c. 12. whose inscription is * Omnium ad Remp. pertinentium suprema lex est salus populi sive Felicitas publica Tam in nummo Juliae Mammeae Augustae videre est formâ maetronae solio in sidentis quae dextra gerit caduceum sinistrâ copia cornu Inscriptio autem est Felicitas Publica Vossius in Physiologia Christiani Theologia Gentili l. 10. c. 38. Salas Publica Demps in Rosin Antiquit Rom. lib. 1. There are two requisites saith Dempster that Money pass proba materia vultus Imperatoris ei impressus False money saith He in Rosin Antiq Rom. l. 7. c. 31. was forbidden by the Roman Laws and the Crime is called peculatus Charles the Great had a shop in his Palace for the Coyning of Money that it might be more diligently coyned Camden in his Britaine saith Nicolaus Fabricius de Peiresc of France was very skilfull in antiquities and old medals or pieces of money He saith there also that many pieces of Roman money are every †As in Lancashire at Lancaster Rible Chester in Westmorland at Brougham Cumberland where found among us in the ruines of Cities and Towns subverted in Treasure-Coffers or vaults hidden in that age as also in Funeral-pots and Pitchers About thirty five years since One that writes the History of England saith of the Britains Some of their Money was in Brass other in Iron Rings one especial sort had the Figure of a shield Emboss'd and on that side a certain Image the Device was within not far from Dunstable many pieces of silver were taken up which the plow had thrown upon the edge of the Furrough Being examined they were found to be silver with the impression of Caesar on them Mr. Selden much valued them for their Antiquity some of them having been stamped as he said above nine hundred and some a thousand years Mr. Peachams Worth of a Peny I have been informed that some Medals have been dig'd up at Shawell in Leicester-shire the Town where I was born and also at Braunston It is a great question saith Georgius Agricola whether pure or mixt money be more profitable for Countries and States Peacham in his Complete Gentleman Terrie in his Voyage to the East-Indies saith that the Spanish Royal is the purest money of Europe There is Pezzi di Quatro which is equal to four Reals there are also pieces of two Reals one Real and half a Real c. 19. of Travels saith the Spanish Coyns are the best of Europe Howell in his Dodonars Grove or Vocal Forrest part 2. Walk 4. p. 44. saith Druina by which I suppose he means England is renowned abroad to have her Kings Face and Arms drawn in the purest sort of Minerals and the generally best currant Coyns in the world Queen Elizabeth caused all such base monies as were Coyned by any of her Predecessors Dr Heylins Ecclesia Restauratu p. 135. to be reduced to a lesser value and to be brought into her Majesties Mint