willingly did take upon me that Debt and should clear it one time or other I do it now Gentlemen and I 'll endeavour that it may be in good coin But to confess the truth in this I do not so much perform my Promise as I follow my Inclination And as I have had the honour for many years of being a Member of your Society and having been received amongst you in so favourable a manner I am very glad to give you publickly this mark of my Thankfulness and to shew the World that I glory in the title of being with you a Member of the Academy But above all I most passionately desire to express the great Veneration I have for a Society so famous for the Vertue Honour Politeness great Parts and great Learning of its Members and more to be valued for those Qualities which put it far out of the reach of Detraction and Envy than for the eminent Dignities of most of the Members of it II. But yet Gentlemen don't expect here an Elegancy of Speech nor Fineness of Thoughts You must on the contrary prepare your selves to a dry Reading to a thoâ—â—y Inquiry to the Tediousness of Citations and to hear some Greek and Hebrew Words A matter as dark as this is cannot be made clear but by these helps I call it dark for altho' the Wit and Learning of the Fathers of the Church of the Interpreters of Holy Scripture and of all sorts of learned Men hath been more employed about this matter than any other and altho' it hath produced an infinite number of Books yet there is hardly any certainty in it Their number will render my attempt excusable and if I do not succeed their example will merit pardon III. Nothing will shew more evidently how little the Situation of the Earthly Paradise is known than the variety of Opinions of those who inquired about it They placed it in the third Heaven in the fourth in the Orb of the Moon in the Moon it self upon a Mount near the Orb of the Moon in the middle Region of the Air out of the Earth upon the Earth under the Earth in a hidden place and far beyond the Knowledge of Men. They placed it under the artick Pole in Tartaria in the place where now is the Caspian Sea Others have placed it as far as the extremity of the South in the Land of Fire Many will have it to be in the East either along the sides of the River Ganges or in the Isle of Ceilan deriving also the name of Indies from the word Eden which is the name of the Province where Paradise stood They have placed it in China and beyond the East also in a place uninhabited Others in America others in Africa under the Aequator others in the Aequinoctial-East others upon the Mountains of the Moon from which they thought the Nile sprung The greatest part in Asia some in the great Armenia others in Mesopotamia or in Assyria or in Persia or in Babylonia or in Arabia or in Syria or in Palaestina Some also would have honoured with it our Europe and which is beyond the greatest Impertinency placed it at Hedin a City in Artois upon no other ground than the Affinity of that name with the word Eden I do not despair but some Adventurer to have it nearer to us will one day undertake to place it at Houdan IV. This variety of opinions is not only about the Situation of Paradise but also about those things which have any relation to it The Phison which was one of the branches of the River that did water it many think to be the Ganges others the Nile the Hyphasis the Cyrus the Danube also and in fine the eastern Channel through which the Tigris and Euphrates being joined discharge themselves into the Persian Gulf. They will have the Country of Chavilah through which this River passes to be the Indies they will have it to be the Susiana some a part of Arabia They are divided about the Bdellium which is to be found there and they do not know whether it is an aromatical Gum or a precious Stone or Pearls They are no less divided about the Onyx being uncertain whether it is really the Onyx or the Sardonyx or the Beryl or the Carbuncle or the Crystal The Gehon which was another branch of the same River that sprung out of Paradise is the Nile according to the most common opinion others will have it to be the Gehon a Brook near Jerusalem which the Scripture calls in other places Siloe others affirm that it is the Araxus and some more clear-sighted but yet not enough will have it to be the western mouth of the Tigris joyned with the Euphrates All do not agree that the Province which the Gehon crosses called Chus in the Hebrew Text and Aethiopia in the vulgar Translation be Aethiopia in Africa some being of opinion it is that other in Arabia V. I pass over many other questions which are treated of in the Books of Divines and even of the Fathers as that which is proposed by St. Austin viz. Whether Paradise be Spiritual or Material or both together As this other viz. Whether it was created before the World as St. Jerom seems to believe with the ancient Hebrews and the Author of the fourth Book of Esdras or Whether it was created on the third day with the Plants of the Earth or whether it was created in the order observed by Moses in speaking of it Such also as these are viz. What was its extent which some Interpreters have as boldly determined as if they had measured it some making it equal to that of the whole East others to that of Asia and Africa together some to that of the whole Earth and the Talmudists who set no bounds to their own Extravagancies making it threescore times larger Whether there were any living Creatures in it which some have denied forgetting the Serpent who seduced our first Parents and even not admitting in it the Bird of Paradise Whether it be still in being Whether Enoch Elias and St. John the Evangelist have been carried thither alive as into a place of Refuge against Death to continue there until the end of the World All these Questions do not belong to my subject and I only intend to inquire into the Situation of Paradise VI. Of late Mr. Bochart whom I look upon to have been one of the most learned Men of his Age did intend to treat of this matter This he declares in some places of his Writings and he speaks of it as if the work had been already finished and as if his Phaleg had been but a sequel of it Yet I heard from one of his Relations that after his Death they found nothing amongst his Papers but a very imperfect draught of his design which even doth not declare what opinion he was of It were to be wished that he had performed his Enterprize No body was more
capable to do it than he by reason of the understanding he had of the letter of Holy Scripture which he got by a very long Study by reason of his great skill in the Oriental Tongues and by reason of his being so well versed in the Prophane Authors He hath a little declared his mind upon this question in some places of his Works but so variously that he seems to contradict himself for in his Phaleg he places Paradise about Babylon and in his Book of the Animals mentioned in Holy Scripture he seems to be almost of the opinion of Calvin who placed it upon the sides of the Tigris and Euphrates joyned together in Chaldaea between the City of Apamea and the Persian Gulf. However being long uncertain whether the Relations of Mr. Bochart would find at last in his Closet that work perfected as he had insinuated I still deferred to collect my Observations But seeing that after four and twenty years which is the time that this learned Man hath been dead no body gives us hopes of any such work I 'll try to give some light to this matter VII But because the only thing we may rely upon are the words which Moses makes use of in describing the Situation of the Earthly Paradise we must first of all recite them to you translating them word for word out of the Original CHAP. I. The Text of Moses and a Summary Exposition of our Opinion I. The Text of Moses where the Situation of Paradise is described II. The Opinions aforementioned do not agree with the words of Moses who describes it exactly III. No other Opinion but ours can agree with it IV. A brief Exposition of our Opinion V. No other Opinion comes so near to ours as that of Calvin and Scaliger I. GEnesis Chap. II. v. 8. And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden and there he put the man whom he had formed V. 9. And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food the tree of life also in the midst of the garden and the tree of knowledge of good and evil V. 10. And a river went out of Eden to water the garden and from thence it was parted and became into four heads V. 11. The name of the first is Phison that is it which compasses the whole land of Chavilah where there is gold V. 12. And the gold of that land is good there is Bdellium and the Onyx-stone V. 13. And the name of the second river is Gehon the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Chus V. 14. And the name of the third river is Chiddekel that is it which goeth toward Assyria And the fourth river is Euphrates V. 15. And the Lord God took the man and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it II. The Situation of the Earthly Paradise seems to me so exactly determined by these words that I very often wondred at the Interpreters shutting their eyes at it to give way to so many frivolous Conjectures who have so little relation to it for if you ask for example those who place it in Syria near Damascus where be those four Rivers and those Regions of Chavilah and Chus they let you stay without any answer at all If you ask those who will have it to be in Mesopotamia or in Babylonia above the place where the Tigris and Euphrates joyn together where may then be the Countries of Chavilah and Chus they are forced to set them in such places as contradict the Testimony of all Antiquity If one objects to those who fansied that the Nile was the Gehon and the Ganges the Phison the distance of their Springs and those of the Tigris and Euphrates They defend themselves by Miracles or by Fictions giving out what they think may be instead of what is and affirm without any proof that the Spring of those four Rivers was really in Paradise but that after having watered that delightful place they dived into the Earth and went to look for some other Sources towards the end of the World through some subterraneous Canals Thus humane minds go astray when once they swerve from Truth III. But I will not lose time in refuting particularly all these Opinions it will be sufficient to propose my own and to shew not only that it perfectly agrees with Moses's description and the ancient Geography but also that it is the only one which answers to it and that whosoever will look for another will fall into insuperable Difficulties IV. I say then that the Earthly Paradise was situated upon the Canal which the Tigris and Euphrates joyned together do make between the place of their coming together and that of their going one from another before they fall into the Persian Gulf. And because this Canal made some turnings or windings I say to speak more precisely of it that Paradise was situated upon one of those turnings and likely upon the Southern Branch of the biggest which hath been marked by Agathodaemon in the Geographical Tables of Ptolomy when that River comes Eastward again after having made a long turning towards the West about 32 Degrees 39 minutes Northern Latitude and 80 Degrees 10 minutes Longitude according to the Delineation of Agathodaemon very near the place where he sets Aracca which is Erec in Scripture Now my design is not to examine whether the Position of Ptolomy be right it suffices me to have delivered my opinion I add to it that the four heads of this River are the Tigris and Euphrates before their coming together and the two Channels that carry it into the Sea after it has divided it self that the more Western of these two Channels is the Phison that the Country of Chavilah through which it goeth is part of Arabia Felix and part of Arabia Deserta that the Gehon is the Eastern Channel of the two aforementioned and that the Country of Chus is Susiana V. Of all those that inquired into this matter none is come nearer to the opinion I propose than John Calvin in his Commentaries upon Genesis Joseph Scaliger followed him close and after him the Divines of Lovain and afterwards a great many others but they took no notice of that Meridional Branch of the great turning of the River tho' the words of Moses expresly require it as I shall shew They have set the Gehon at the West and the Phison at the East and they consequently displaced the Countries of Chus and Chavilah all which makes their opinion and that which I maintain essentially different But to confirm it with solid proofs and to shew the perfect agreement of it with the Description of Moses it is necessary carefully to examine his words CHAP. II. An Explanation of the eighth Verse of the second Chapter of Genesis I. Obscurity and Ambiguity of this eighth Verse II. What the word Eden is Many
Canals CHAP. VII Continuation of the Explanation of the eleventh Verse I. The most common opinion concerning the Phison is That it iâ— the Ganges II. The Ground of this Opinion III. Which dâ— not satisfie all the Objections IV. Others believed that the Phison was the Indus others thâ— Hydaspes others the Hyphasâ—… V. Haython the Oxus VI. Many Rabbins the Nile VII Others the Phasis VIII Some the Danube IX Some others the Naharmalca X. And in fine others the easterly Canal of the two intâ— which the Tigris and Euphrates joined together are divided XI The Phison is the westerly Canal of the two into which are divided the Tigris and Euphrate after they be joined together and the proofs of it XII The Origin of the word Phison serves to prove it XIII Many learned Men have had some knowledge of what the Phison is XIV The Phison hath since given its name to other Rivers I. VErse 11. The name of the first is Phison The word River must be supplied here which the sacred Author expresseth afterward when he speaks of the other Rivers This is the first of the four into which the great River that went out of Eden and Paradise was divided It would be a very great undertaking very tedious to the Reader and yet more to me to relate in particular the different opinions Men have had about this River the Names of the Authors that maintained them and the reasons whereon they grounded them and to lose time in examining and contradicting them I will only touch upon them by the bye being perswaded that they cannot be better confuted than by carefully seeking after the Truth and endeavouring firmly to establish it when it is found for this being done every thing that will not agree with it must necessarily fall of it self The most ancient and generally liked opinion is That the Phison is the Ganges It seems that Josephus was the first Author of it Eusebius St. Ambrosins St. Epiphanius St. Jerom St. Austin many other Fathers of the Church and most of the modern Interpreters and Divines have followed the opinion of Josephus The Indians themselves were of the same opinion and it was upon this account that they believed the Ganges Holy that it washes away their Sins and Sanctifieth them when they wash in it and that it will save them after Death if their Bodies be plunged in it II. The Beauty Riches and Conveniencies of that River wherewith the Books of Travellers are filled are the chief reasons why Men gave credit to that opinion for tho' Arrian hath written that all the Indians whom Alexander subdued had no Gold yet there was some in their Country and Moses had a regard to the Nature of the Country and not to the Manners of the Inhabitants It is certain that the Ganges hath some Gold in its Sands and on its Banks that it is reckoned one of the chief Rivers that produceth precions Stones that the Kingdoms of Golconda and Bisnagar that lie on the westerly Coast of the Gulf of Bengal where the Ganges empties it self are full of Pearls and precious Stones and it not being likely that mean Rivers should come out of a place prepared and adorned by the hands of God that Honour could not be ascribed but to the most famous Rivers of the World So the Beauty and Riches of the Ganges made Men believe that it came out of Paradise and this opinion was the occasion of its being reputed Holy But besides as those who pretend that the Phison is the Ganges do also perswade themselves that the Gehon is the Nile we discover another Motive that inclined them to give credit to that opinion I mean this place of Ecclesiasticus where we read that God filleth all things with his wisdom as Phison and as Tigris in the time of the new fruits He makes the understanding to abound like Euphrates and as Jordan in the time of the Harvest He maketh the doctrine of knowledge appear as the light and as Gehon in the time of Vintage The Fathers in reading this perswaded themselves that the Author had begun the Enumeration of those Rivers with the East and finished it with the West according to the custom of the Hebrews to look on the East in their Geographical Descriptions and by consequence to have the North at their left hand and the South at their right and that the Phison being the most easterly of the five it could be no other than the most noble of the Rivers of the East which is the Ganges The Tigris comes after as being the most easterly of the four others next to it comes the Euphrates then Jordan and in fine the Gehon which ought to be the most famous River of the West as the Ganges was of the East and they found none to be preferred to the Nile But nothing that I see can induce us to believe that that sacred Author had a regard to this in disposing these Rivers in such an order but that rather he did dispose them so by chance III. This ground being laid that the Phison is the Ganges they took no notice of the Objection that might reasonably be made concerning the distance of its Spring from the Springs â— the other Rivers which came out â— the same place by which they â—ade the Garden almost as big as the â—arth They had recourse to some â—â—â—olous Conjectures or to Fictions â—ithout any ground or to a Miracle â—hich is the ordinary Reinge of those â—ho have no Reason to defend themâ—lves and a most sure means to justifie â—e most strange Opinions They had â—â—ard some falsly say that the Tigris â—d Euphrates sprung out of the same â—ead and they had heard it truly said â—at pretty near that Spring they hid â—hemselves under the Earth and soon â—fter came out again They did not â—xamine the length of this hidden â—nning and they gave a huge extent â— a length of few Miles They said that â—is pretended Spring divided its Waâ—ers into four Rivers which afterwards â—d themselves under the Earth and â—at thorough long and unknown turnâ—gs under many Countries and Seas â—hey run to the Extremity of the World â—d there came out again Upon that â—ound they made choice of what â—ivers they pleased to make the Phison â—d Gehon out of them And indeed â—iver for River they could not chuse â—etter than the Ganges IV. Those who without going sâ— far believed that the Phison is thâ— Indus or Hydaspes that falls into it oâ— the Hyphasis which as some think falâ— also into it or according to the opinion of others enters into the Sea bâ— its proper mouth found in it some oâ— the Advantages that the others founâ— in the Ganges The Hydaspes beaâ— Gold and precious Stones and Philâ— storgius to shew that the Hyphasis â— the Phison says there grows the Clovâ— tree which the Inhabitants of thâ— Land think to be one of the Trees oâ—
but from the Euphrates alone before their joining The Arabians have hit the nail when they said that the Phison was the Canal of the Euphrates which runs not far from Bassora Some of them had given that name to the Nile as I already observed but others more clear sighted undeceived themselves and acknowledged the Truth Giggeius and Golius must be consulted upon that I know not where Father Kircher a Jesuit took the Geographical Map which he inserted in his Description of the Tower of Babel whether he had it from the Arabians or from his own Learning which was extraordinary great He describes in that Map the running of the four Rivers Phison Gehon Tigris and Euphrates and gives the name of Phison to the westerly Canal and the name of Gehon to the easterly one into which the Tigris and Euphrates are divided after their coming together Mr. Bochart who designed to declare his mind more plainly and at large upon this in his Treatise concerning the Earthly Paradise leaves us to guess at his opinion when he says by the bye in his Book concerning the Beasts of Holy Scripture that the Phison is that branch of the Euphrates of which Teixeira in the Book of his Travels from the Indies into Italy says that it runneth into the Persian Gulf towards Catif near Baharen Catif is a Town on the easterly Coast of Arabia that gave to the Persian Gulf the name of Elcatif-Sea as it is now called And Baharen is an Island of the same Gulf about ten Leagues off from Catif of which I shall have an occasion to speak hereafter Mr. Thevenot in the Books of his Travels describes this Canal He says that it runneth between the Country of Bassora and the Island Chader straight towards the South that the easterly Canal bears the same name with the Tigris and Euphrates joined together and is called Schattel-Arab that is to say the Arabian River and that these two Branches make the great Island Chader to which Teixeira gives above fourscore Leagues in length I believe that he meant Spanish Leagues which make about sixscore of ours The Canal which runs along that Island towards the West is probably the same that Alexander caused to be made in a stony Soil and more firm than the natural Canal through which one might sail toward Arabia which was not two Leagues distant from it This last which Moses speaketh of was easily shut up by the ebbing of the Sea its bottom being very soft and apt to be stirred did not make a great resistance It was truly this that was called Phison but because that of Alexander took its place and was very near it I gave it the same name according to ordinary use that alloweth not the names of Rivers to be altered when their Chanel or their mouth is altered no more than it doth the names of Towns when they alter their Situation XIV The name of Phison in Moses's time was peculiar to that westerly Canal that run towards Arabia but it hath been given since to the Tigris and Euphrates joined together and from the names of Phison and Tigris made but one came that of Pasitigris which was given since even to the easterly Canal So that the names of Tigris Euphrates and Pasitigris were almost indifferently given to all the parts of the Euphrates that are betwixt its joining with the Tigris and the Sea As now adays the name of Schattel-Arab that is to say Arabian River is given almost to all the same parts And to make it yet more intricate Alexander's Soldiers returning from the East gave to the River Oroatis which limiteth the Susiana on the East the name of Pasitigris which limiteth the same on the West Whether they mistook in it or did it on purpose affecting to give famous names to the places they conquered that they might increase the Fame of their Victories After this manner they gave the name of Caucasus to the Mount Parapamisâ—â— and the name of Tanais to the River Orexartes The Historians who afterwards did write Alexander's Conquests according to what these Soldiers related and did not distinguish the false Pasitigris I mean the Oroatis from the true one that is the Tigris made a new Pasitigris not only out of these two Rivers but also out of the Eulaeus which as some think is the Choaspes and according to others only receives it into its Chanel and having given to it the name of Pasitigris they gave it also the name of Tigris and that of Euphrates CHAP. VIII Continuation of the Explanation of the eleventh Verse I. Divers Opinions concerning the Land of Chavilah II. The true Situation of the Land of Chavilah through which the Phison runneth is shewn I. VErse 11. That it is which compasseth the whole land of Chavilah The surest marks whereby we may know the Phison are those that Moses gave of it when he said that it waters the Land of Chavilah that there are to be found in that Land good Gold Pearls or Bdellium and the Onyx-stone If then I can shew that these marks belong only to that River which I pretend to be the Phison no body will be able to contradict my opinion Those who inquired after the Situation of this River whose different opinions I mentioned before ought to have begun here for if having once found the Country of Chavilah where there was plenty of Gold Pearls and precious Stones they had also found in it a River that had any communication with the Gehon Tigris and Euphrates they had argued very rationally to inferr that that River was the Phison But instead of that they placed the Phison where they pleased and as it happened and then they called Chavilah that Land they had chosen to place the Phison in And as the two most common opinions are that the Phison is the Ganges or that it is the easterly Canal of those two which do divide the Tigris and Euphrates after their being joined so the two most common opinions concerning Chavilah are that it is that part of the Indies which the Ganges runneth through as most of the Fathers believed or that it is the Susiana which lieth on the East of that Canal Josephus followed by St Jerom and by many others imagined another Chavilah in Africa towards the West and gave that name to Getulia without giving any reason for it I do not see any other but the conformity there is betwixt the words of Chavilah and Getulia by transposing of the letters If this be a good proof we must receive all Anagrams as solid Arguments II. To find out Chavilah they should have followed the Foot-steps of the Sacred Writers In the tenth Chapter of Genesis where the dispersing of Nations that happened after the Confusion of Babel is very exactly described and where one may find the names of the Patriarchs and Founders of Nations which are almost all the same names with them of
A TREATISE OF THE Situation OF PARADISE Written by P. D. HUET Bishop of SOISSONS To which is prefixed a Map of the adjacent Countries Translated from the French Original LONDON Printed for James Knapton at the Sign of the Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard MDCXCIV TO THE READER OUR first Parents READER were turned out of Paradise for their Disobedience Many of their Posterity endeavour by their Disbelief of Moses's Writings to turn Paradise out of the World To stop and correct this Humour several Learned Books have been put in Print and this the last of all It was writ by that Excellent and much Celebrated Peter Daniel Huet now Bishop of Soissons in France Because the French Copy was scarce and like to be so and the Argument so useful in these days It hath been judged very expedient to put it forth in English Atheists and Scoffers whom the Psalmist calls Pests usually demand What 's become of Paradise Shew us the place in the Maps And if this be not done for them they are generally lazy with all exactness butted and bounded by Longitude and Latitude hedged in with Degrees and Minute Measures attested also by Strabo and Ptolomy they will slide into a disbelief first of Genesis then of the whole Bible and lastly of all revealed Religion This great and wise Author hath pitched upon that very Method which this sort of Men call for He treateth the cause and question with good profane History which they so much love and Humane Testimony Could the Situation of Persepolis of Solomon's Tadmor the course of Virgil's Timavus be so clearly described and set out I suppose these Men would cease their Disputings about those Matters In the present Controversie they are more yare For should they acknowledge Satisfaction in this Point they must alter retract and part with many other their ill grounded Perswasions They mightily doubt the reality of the Torments of Hell because they have not yet found it proved to be Local This is very difficult to prove for should one come from the Dead they would not believe him I see no way more probable to remove their distrust than Experiment But who ought to be at the Pains and Cost of it but they that want to be convinced Well then If these Men stand to their own Principles they must henceforth allow the History of Paradise for it is here so fully and plainly evidenced to be Local as any thing can possibly be so distant in time and remote in Situation A TABLE OF THE Chapters and Sections OF THIS TREATISE PREFACE 1 THE Occasion and Argument of this Work Page 1 2 The manner how it is handled p. 3 3 Diversity of Opinions upon the Situation of the Terrestrial Paradise ibid. 4 And upon such things as have any reference to its Situation p. 5 5 And also upon some other matters concerning Paradise which are out of our Subject p. 6 6 Mr. Bochart who intended to treat of this matter hath not made known clearly his mind p. 7 7 We cannot discover the Situation of Paradise but by the words of Moses p. 9 CHAP. I. The Text of Moses and a Summary declaration of our Opinion 1 THE Text of Moses where the Situation of Paradise is described p. 10 2 The Opinions which have been proposed hitherto do not agree with the words of Moses which do mark it out exactly p. 11 3 Our Opinion is the only one which doth agree with them p. 12 4 A short declaration of our Opinion ibid. 5 No Opinion cometh nigher â—o ours than that of Calvin and Scaliger p. 14 CHAP. II. The Explanation of the eighth Verse of the second Chapter of Genesis 1 THE Obscurity and Ambiguity of this eighth Verse p. 15 2 What the word Eden signifieth Many take it for a Noun Appellative p. 16 3 Others differ about it but the greatest part take it for the name of a place p. 18 4 A frivolous distinction of the Rabbins between Eden marked with five Points and Eden marked with six p. 19 5 The Preposition which is added to the word Eden proveth that it is a name of a place ibid. 6 Many places have been called by the name of Eden p. 21 7 The Situation of Eden where Paradise was p. 22 CHAP. III. A Continuation of the Explanation of the eighth Verse 1 A New Ambiguity in this Verse by the Hebrew word Mikkedem p. 26 2 Mikkedem may signifie Time and Place but here it doth signifie specially Place p. 30 3 One might alledge to prove this the ancient Custom of the Christians to set their Churches Eastward p. 31 4 Moses hath always used the word Mikkedem in the signification of a Place p. 33 5 Moses doth signifie here by the Word Mikkedem that Paradise was situated in the Eastern Part of Eden p. 34 CHAP. IV. The Explanation of the tenth Verse 1 THE Ambiguity of the tenth Verse p. 37 2 The Foundation of that opinion which maketh the four Rivers of Paradise rise out of the same Spring and to dive under ground and spring again some where else p. 40 3 The opinion which holdeth that the River which did go out of Eden to water Paradise did spring without Paradise and Eden is better grounded p. 42 4 It is supported by the description which Moses hath given p. 43 5 An approach to more exact knowledge of the Situation of Paradise p. 44 CHAP. V. A Continuation of the Explanation of the tenth Verse 1 A New Ambiguity in this Verse The division of the River was made out of the Garden p. 47 2 The four heads into which the River was divided were four different Rivers p. 49 3 Why these four Rivers were called heads p. 51 CHAP. VI. The Explanation of the eleventh Verse 1 A General view of the course of the Euphrates and Tigris p. 56 2 The face of the Country through which the Euphrates and Tigris run is very much changed since Moses his days p. 57 3 The Euphrates at first had but one Chanel which joined it to the Tigris but since many others have been made p. 58 4 More Chanels drawn out of the Euphrates p. 60 5 Other Alternations made in those places p. 62 6 Some have denied without reason that the Tigris and Euphrates after their conjunction separate themselves before they fall into the Sea p. 64 CHAP. VII A Continuation of the Explanation of the eleventh Verse 1 THE most common opinion concerning the Phison is That it is the Ganges p. 67 2 Foundations of this Opinion p. 68 3 They do not satisfie the Objections p. 70 4 Some have believed that the Phison is Indus others Hydaspes others Hyphasis p. 72 5 Haython believed it to be Oxus ibid. 6 Many Rabbins Nilus ibid. 7 Others Phasis p. 73 8 Some Danube ibid. 9 Some others Naharmalca p. 74 10 And others lastly the Eastern Chanel of those two into which the Tigris and Euphrates are divided after their former conjunction p. 75
of Cilicia is the same as Pyramus 110 Gehon near Jerusalem called Siloe 10â— The old Geography is not very certain 41 74 Getulia Chavilath 84 Gezair why so called 147 Gichon a name of Nilus 105 Giulfal affordeth precious Stones 102 The Persian Gulf hath a great many Meers 77 Gordiaean Mountains 152 Adonis Gardens their origin 17 Alcinous's Gardens their origin 145 Hesperides Gardens their origin ibid. Jupiter's Gardens their origin ibid. Golden Garden given to Pompey by Aristobulus 17 Gardens of Syria 146 Gardens of the World four famous places of Asia 148 Gardens of Eastern Princes and their origin 17 H HAoula Ceilan 124 Hippopotames of Ganges 41 Hippopotames of the River Petzora ibid. Hydaspes Phison 72 Hyphasis Phison ibid. cureth Fevers ibid. bringeth forth the Clove-tree ibid. The Hebrew names of precious Stones are not understood I JAtsa in Hebrew signifieth a course of Waters 43 Jaxartes called Sichon 109 The Indies and Aethiopia confounded by the Ancients 114 The name of the Indies from Eden Indus Phison 72 Indoscythia 97 Josephus corrected 114 135 Jraqua a Province its Territories â—â— Happy Islands and their origin 145 Jupiter is Nilus according to the Egyptians 108 K KEdem or East Countries situated near the Eastern Bank of the Tigris 28 29 Kidmath and its signification 137 L LOvain Divines their opinion of Paradise 14 M MAhomet's opinion concerning the Rivers of the Earthly Paradise 49 Manna had the colour of Bedolach 92 Mausal confounded with Ninive 139 Melas and Melo names of the Nilus 106 Memnon born in Susiana 28 121 12â— The truth of the History of Memnon 127 Memnonian Walls of Sufa 121 Palaces of Susa ibid. way 128 Citadel of Susa 124 The Sea of the Indies 95 The Sea of Persia ibid. The Sea of Aethiopia ibid. Messene Island 56 64 Mocali a River N NAbathean Eastern 125 Nichal name of Nilus 106 Naharmalca a Chanel or Cut. 136 Naharfares Gehon 104 Naid See Nod. Nebuchadonozor did turn the Waters of Euphrates by many Chanels 58 Nebuchadonozor mastered the Violence of the Persian Sea 62 Nebuchadonozor or Baltasar named Lucifer Son of Aurora 122 Nilus why so named 105 106 hath its Spring in the Indies 2 cometh from Euphrates 42 Nilus Gehon 5 12 105 why said to fall from Jupiter 108 one of the Gods ibid. esteemed Holy ibid. Nilus black 107 compared to an Arrow its Overflowings 108 Ninive confounded with Mausal 139 Nod and Naid and its signification 149 Nozelim and its signification 52 Nuchul name of Nilus 107 O ONyx is the Sardonyx-stone 99 was only found in Arabia 102 Oroatis a River named Pasitigris by the Soldiers of Alexander 81 Oâ—â—s Nilus 108 Osiris Nilus ibid. Oxus Gehon 109 P PAllacopa a Chanel of Euphrates 61 The Terrestrial Paradise where situated 12 its Rivers supposed to run under ground Paradise of God what it is in the Scripture 145 a River of Cilicia 110 a City of Syria 21 Pasitigris 81 Pearls of the Persian Gulf. 93 Pontus Euxinus The Persians ignorant in Navigation 61 Persian words many in modern Languages 133 Pesilim stones in Syrias 144 Phasis Phison 73 Phison is the Western Chanel of Tigris and Euphrates 13 75 Phison why so named 76 hath given its name to other Rivers 81 Precious Stones in the Persian Gulf. 101 Two only in the Breast-plate of the Jewish High-Priest have kept their names 98 Pliny corrected ibid. Pluto's Meadows 145 Pyramus Gehon 101 R REgma City of Arabia 90 Rosch and its signification 51 S SChanged into t and th 120 Saba near Chavilah 101 Sabbi the Christians of St. John 125 Sabéans rich People 88 Sabéans a name common to many People 89 Sabéans People 88 Sabians Eastern People 124 Scaliger corrected 119 Schat el Arab a River 45 81 Schichor Nilus 106 Schoham what it signifieth 98 Scythia and Indoscythia part of the Southern Indies 97 Schirath is Syrias in Josephus 151 Sichon Cydnus 110 Siloâ— a Torrent why so named 113 114 Siris and Sirius names of Nilus 107 Solinus corrected 134 Sollax or Sulax Tigris and its origin 134 Solymi Pisidians 128 The Sun worshipped by many People 124 Sur a Mountain in the Western part of Arabia near the Holy Land 86 163 Susa why so named 120 Syrias and its Situation 144 Syria why so called 138 The Syrians Love Gardens 146 Schat-el-Arab a River of the Arabians 81 The Fortress of Spasines 63 The Sabians Book 124 The Wise Men câ—me from Saba to worship our Lord. 90 T THE Astronomical Tables of the Cananaeans 151 Taijaron and its signification 134 Talatha See Thelassar 23 Talisman's Images of the Sun 124 The Temple of Solomon why turned Westward 32 The Temples of the Romans set Westward and after Eastward ibid. Teredon a City near the Chanel of Phison 65 97 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Golden Garden of Aristobulus 17 Thelassar or Talatha a City of Babylonia 23 Thor for Sor. 120 Tigris its Spring course and its divers Chanals 56 thought to have the same Spring as Euphrates 42 The Chanel of Tigris is very low 59 Tigris why so named 135 Tigris's false Origins Tigris a River and Tigre an Animal 133 Tigris Sollax and Sùlax 134 Tigris a common name to many Rivers 136 Tigris signifieth an Arrow in the Persian Tongue 133 Tithonus 127 Tojor an Arrow in the Persian Tongue 133 Trajan in danger in the Island which separateth the Tigris and Euphrates 62 65 Tylos Island now called Baharen 94 V A Good Version ought to represent all the Ambiguities of the original Hebrew 16 BOOKS Sold by James Knapton at the Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard THE Memoirs of Monsieur de Pontis who served in the French Army 56 Years under Henry IV. Lewis XIII and Lewis XIV Kings of France containing many remarkable Passages relating to the War the Court and the Government of those Princes Faithfully Englished at the Request of his Grace the late Duke of Ormond By Charles Cotton Esq Folio Lord Bacon's Essays Octavo Scrivener's Directions to a Holy Life Octavo Dr. Barrow of Contentment c. Octavo Sir William Temple's Memoirs of what past in Christendom from the War in 1672. to the Peace concluded 1679. 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