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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A94143	Calamus mensurans the measuring reed. Or, The standard of time. Containing an exact computation of the yeares of the world, from the creation thereof, to the time of the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans. Stating also, and clearing the hid mysteries of Daniels 70. weekes, and other prophecies, the time of Herods reigne; the birth, baptisme and Passion of our Saviour, with other passages never yet extant in our English tongue. In two parts. / By John Swan.	Swan, John, d. 1671.	1653 (1653)	Wing S6235; Thomason E706_4; ESTC R203659	246,136	350

the Moon p. 11 CHAP. IV. Of the antient and Naturall year that it was measured by the course of the Sunne though the Moneths were reckoned by the course of the Moon p. 19 CHAP. V. Of the Periods of time by which the years of the World may be truely reckoned As also of the Jubilees how to account them where also to begin and end them p. 25 CHAP. VI. Of the Julian Period and how to joyne the years of the World thereunto p. 33 CHAP. VII Other Observations concerning the Times in their Periods untill the Destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar p. 35 CHAP. VIII The Periods againe considered and all such doubts and scruples cleared as may arise concerning the just length of any of them together with answers to certaine other questions not impertinent p. 51. In the former Chapter be eight Sections CHAP. VIII Sect. 1. Of the time from the Creation to the end of the Flood p. 51 CHAP. VIII Sect. 2. Of the second Period from the end of the Flood when the face of the ground was dry to the Promise at the time of Abrahams departure from Charran into Canaan that it was a Period of 427. yeares current but not compleat p. 68 CHAP. VIII Sect. 3. Of the third Period from the promise at Abrahams departing out of Haran to the comming of the Israelites out of Egypt that it was a Period of 430 years p. 75 CHAP. VIII Sect. 4. Of the fourth Perod from the comming out of Egypt to the beginning of the building of Solomons Temple that it was a Period of 479 years compleat or of 480 current p. 78 CHAP. VIII Sect. 5. Of the fifth Period from the foundation of the Temple in the fourth year of King Solomon to the Desolation thereof by Nebuchadnezzar In which is also shewed the true and right account of the 390 and 40 years in Ezekiel p. 87 CHAP. VIII Sect. 6. Of the sixth Period from the Destruction of the Temple by Nebuchadnezzar to the beginning of the building thereof by Zorobabel in the second year of Darius King of Persia In handling whereof many things of note are discussed and Scaliger refused upon good and warrantable grounds both out of Scripture and other good Authours p. 106 CHAP. VIII Sect. 7. Of the seventh Period from the second year of Darius Hystaspis to the twentieth year of Artaxerxes Longimanus p. 115 CHAP. VIII Sect. 8. Of Daniels 70 Weekes in the ninth Chapter of his Prophecy at the 24.25 26 and 27. verses An exposition of them together with a Confutation of Master Broughton and others concerning Olympiads and length of the Persian Monarchy p. 124 CHAP. IX Of the LXX years in the Prophecy of the Prophet Jeremy commonly called the 70 years of Judahs Captivity p. 155 CHAP. X. Of the time when Tyrus and Egypt were subdued and taken by Nebuchadnessar according to the Prophecies of Esay Jeremy and Ezekiel p. 159 CHAP. XI Of the number of Kings that reigned in Babylon during the time of the Captivity In the handling whereof the fragments of Berosus and Megasthenes are examined divers errores of Scaliger discovered and the truth laid plainly open p. 164 CHAP. XII Of the first year of Cyrus and of Darius Medus mentioned in holy Scripture p. 174 CHAP. XIII Of Alexander the great signified by the Horne between the eyes of the Goat Dan. 8.5 p. 176 CHAP. XIIII Of the four hornes which came up in stead of the great horne broken off as was prophesied in Dan. 8.8 21 22. As also of the beginning of that Date of the Kingdome of the Greeks so often mentioned in the Books of the Maccabes and in Josephus p. 178 CHAP. XV. Of the little Horne in the eighth Chapter of Daniel at the ninth verse And at the 2300 dayes that were givin it verse 14. p. 180 CHAP. XVI Of the fourth Kingdome in Daniel that it signifieth the Monarchy of the Romans p. 182 CHAP. XVII Of the Times and Distances of the taking of Jerusalem by Pompey Herod and Titus p. 188 CHAP. XVIII Of the time of Herods reigne and of his Posterity p. 192 CHAP. XIX Of a true and right year of our Saviours Birth and Baptisme p. 202 CHAP. XX. Of the day of Christs birth that it was kept and on what Day both among the Ancients and in the succeeding Ages p. 212 CHAP. XXI Of the reigne of Tiberius and of the beginning and end of Pontius Pilat's government As also of the Year and Day of our Saviours Passion p. 228 CHAP. XXII Of Killing the Paschal Lambs and whether at Christ's death the Jews and our Saviour kept the Passeover upon one and the same day p. 237 CHAP. XXIII Wherein is shewed the times of Vespasian and Titus together with the Destruction of Hierusalem To which Chapter is added a Chronologicall Table and a Kalender for that very year wherein Hierusalem was destroyed by the Romans p. 241 CALAMVS MENSVRANS OR The measuring Reed CHAP. I. Gentle Reader I Have undertaken a Subject which in it selfe cannot be enough commended in the handling whereof I have opposed no man out of any Singularity or Spirit of contradiction but onely for the love of truth which I doubt not but I may do and yet arrogate to my self nothing more then is meet History is a Subject commended I know by the most as being the Herald of Antiquity the Light of Truth the Life of Memory and the Eye of the World but Chronology is little esteemed few prize it according to the true value and yet 't is indeed the very Eye of History Alter Historiae oculus as one speaketh And so another saying Nulla historia lucem habet sine temporum serie No history hath Light without a right order of the Times Nor can it be thought the Holy Spirit of God would be so exact in noting the Times even to Moneths Weeks and Dayes in the sacred story if the carefull account of them were not to be regarded Sure I am it can be no small confirmation of a mans faith concerning the threatnings and promises of God and consequently of the whole Scripture when he seeth how the Prophecies at their determined times came to be accomplished and how the linking of one period with another makes up such a chaine as cannot but minde us of the Providence of God in his Government of the World eternally foreknowing and wisely disposing of what should be acted in future times Math. 24.15 Our Saviour Christ mentioning the Abomination of Desolation spoken of by Daniel the Prophet saith Let him that readeth understand Revel 13.18 And in the Revelation He that hath understanding let him count the number of the Beast Deut. 4.32 And in the fourth chapter of Deuteronomy even the conferring the Histories of holy Scriptures with the Narrations of other credible bookes is commanded that thereby Gods doings may be compared Besides which the exact handling of these things makes it manifest that the Being of the World hapned not by chance or was from Eternity but that it had a beginning and doth tend also towards an ending So also the Prophecies concerning the comming of the Messiah being hereby found to be accomplished discovers to the Jews their blindnesse and stirs them up to minde their Conversion I might say more and shew how Scriptures seemingly

born after the Captivity and were not the immediate son of Seraiah To which I answer Answ that he was alive indeed in the dayes of Iohanan and wrote the Books of the Chronicles to his time as appeareth Ezra 10.6 and Neh. 12.23 yet neverthelesse he reached not to the end of the Monarchy by farre not further then the dayes of Darius Nothus Neh. 12.22 which could not be much more then 50 years after the time that he came away from Babylon to Ierusalem at which time suppose he were 40 years old then should his whole time want ten of an hundred which age no man of judgement would conclude to be improbable but likely and probable enough And herein Cluverus is to be applauded who speaking of the high priests that were in the times of this Monarchy saith thus Iehoshua was in that office * Ezra cap. 2. and cap. 5. under Cyrus Cambyses and Darius Hystaspis Ioiakim under Xerxes and in the forepart of Artaxerxes his reigne Ezra 8.33 Neh. 12.10 Eliashib after him till the twentieth of the same King and something lower Neh. 3.1 Ioiada after him in the residue of Artaxerxes his reigne and in the forepart of Darius Nothus Ionathan after him in the * Neh 12.10.23 residue of Darius Nothus and under * Joseph lib. 11. cap. 7. Artaxerxes Mnemon And last of all Iaduah under Ochus Arses and Darius Codoman Joseph lib. 11. cap. 8. All which proportions are so congruous and well agreeing to the stories of Ezra and Nehemiah that no man I think who is serious will ever goe about to alter them except it be to make Jaduah's time fall also into a part of Mnemon's But they have still to urge Nehemiah's age objected and in the next place they object the age of Nehemiah which must be longer then the length of this Monarchy because say they at the beginning of it he was of fit age to be the Jews Captaine and one of their Conductours home from Babylon and living in the end of it he wrote of their last Darius and of Jaduah the High Priest who met and appeased mighty Alexander For the proofe of which we are directed to Ezra 2.2 Neh. 7.7 Neh. 12.22 and to Josephus lib. 11. cap. 8. To which I answer Answ That that Nehemiah who was in the beginning of this Monarchy was not the same who lived something towards the end of it nor ever was sent to build the Wals of Jerusalem by Artaxerxes For first that Nehemiah who was in the first of Cyrus returned home at the end of the Captivity Ezra 2.2 Neh. 7.7 Whereas this who was servant to Artaxerxes went not home till the Wals of Jerusalem were to be built Neh. 2.5.8 Secondly it was a common thing among the Jews to call more then one by the same name as is evident almost in every Catalogue where Catalogues are recorded As for example In Neh. 12.1 there is an Ezra who returned with Zorobabel and in Ezra 7.1 another who came not up untill the dayes of Artaxerxes Also in Ezra 2.2 and Neh. 7.7 there is a Mordecai who returned in the first of Cyrus and in Esther 2.5 another who lived at Shushan and nourished Esther For if Esthers Mordecai had returned with Zorobabel he would not have dwelt at Shushan and trained up Esther among the Heathen but rather in the Holy Land among the people of God Also See the first book of the Chronicles the Catalogues in Ezra and Nehemiah and then amongst the multitude of persons many are known by one name A Jeremiah which even Speed himselfe will say was not Jeremiah the Prophet Neh. 10.2 A Daniel likewise though not the same who was cast into the Den of Lyons Neh. 10.6 A Seraiah also though not the same who was slaine by Nebuchadnezzar Ezra 2.2 And in 1 Chron. chap. 6. two Abitubs two Zadockes and three Azariabs in one line And so also for Nehemiah he who came up in the first of Cyrus was not Nehemiah the famous but another of the same name For I finde three Nehemiahs in the History of these times One mentioned Ezra 2.2 Neh. 7.7 Another who returned in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes Nehemiah cap. 1. and cap. 2. And a third differing from all these Nehe. 3.16 For Nehemiah the great was Nehemiah the sone of Hachaliah but this other was Nehemiah the son of Azbuck the Ruler of the halfe part of Beth-zur So then Nehemiah was not in the beginning of this Monarchie And as not in the beginning so neither in the end of it he was indeed in the dayes of Darius but this was not the last Darius as is commonly supposed It was rather that Darius who reigned next after Artaxerxes Longimanus as by the course of the History appeareth and is so understood by Lydiat Cluverus Conradus Pawell and others But this you will say cannot be in regard that Nehemiah was in the dayes of the High priest Jaduah who as Iosephus writeth met and appeased mighty Alexander comming against Jerusalem in the year before he conquered Darius Codoman the last King of this Monarchie To which Petavius answereth Petavil lib. 12. cap 25. that Nehemiah indeed recorded the Priests and Levites so as his times and then some one or other comming after him put in that of Iaduah and the last Darius The like where of is to be found in other Bookes of Scripture as in the end of Deuteronomie where those things that concerne the death of Moses were written by some other So also in the end of the Bookes of Ioshua Tobias and Ieremiah some things are added which were not of the Authours putting in But I like not of this answer so well as I like the answer of Master Lydiat in his Booke De emendat Temporum saying that though Nehemiah maketh mention of Iaduah in his Catalogue of the high Priests yet thereby is only gathered that writing his booke in the dayes of Darius Nothus and recording the High priests to that time Iaduah was borne heir to the Priesthood and is therefore recorded among them who afterwards succeeded his Father and in his venerable old age came and met with Alexander Like to which is also that of Cl●verus in his Computo Chronologico or Nehemiah saith he non dicit se vixisse usq ad tempus Darii ultimi sed iste Darius cujus meminit cap. 12.22 fuit Darius Nothus Quod vel inde potest intelligi quod eodem capite v. 23. subdit descriptos esse Sacerdotes usque ad tempora Iohannis summi Pontificis Is autem non fuit sub Dario ultimo sed Iaddus ejus filius quem puerum videre potuit Nehemias sed non summum Pontificem neque etiam illud asserit That is Nehemiah doth not say that he lived to the time of the last Darius but that Darius which he mentioneth Chap. 12.22 was Darius Nothus which we are given to understand even from that which he presently subjoyneth in

3. Methodeutos 1 year 4. Euneus 1 year 5. Theonomos 1 year 6. Amphiction 9. year 7. Charidemus 18. years at the end whereof this Kingdome ended even at the descent of the Heraclidae foure score yeares after the fall of Troy but see them now set all downe in their right times Yeares of the Julian Period when they beg Kings of Sycionia to the death of Zeuxippus ex Eusebio 2616. Aegialeus 52. 2668. Europs 55. 2713. Selchin 20. 2733. Apis 25. 2758. Thelasion 52. 2810. Aegidius 34. 2844. Thurimachus 45. 2889. Leucippus 53. 2942. Messapius 47. 2989. Peratus 46. 3035. Plemnaeus 48. 3083. Orthopolis 63. 3146. Marathon 30. 3176. Marathus 20. 3196. Echyreus 55. 3251. Corax 30. 3281. Epopeus 35. 3316. Lamedon 40. 3356. Sycion 45. 3401. Polybus 40. 3441. Janiscus 42. 3483. Phaestus 8. 3491. Adrastus 4. 3495. Polyphides 31. 3526. Pelasgus 20. 3546. Zeuxippus 32. 3578. In this Zeuxippus ended and the Priests of Apoll's Temple began Yeares of the Julian Period when they beg The Priests of Apollo's Temple 3578. Archelaus 1. 3579. Automedon 1. 3580. Methoduetos 1. 3581. Funeus 1. 3582. Theonomos 1. 3583. Amphictyon 9. 3592. Charidemus 18. 3610. In this yeare being eighty yeares after the destruction of Troy this Kingdome of Sycionia ended CHAP. V. Of the Kingdome and Kings of the Argives and of the Mycenae that succeeded them THe Kingdome of Argos is that which is to be considered next the first King thereof was Inachus who reigned fifty yeares and began to reigne in the yeare of the Julian Period 2852. which was 1086. yeares before the first yeare of the first Olympiad This King was the Father of Jo whom Jupiter defloured and perceiving that Juno espied his act turned her into a Cow Which is to be understood after this manner viz. that being defloured by Jupiter and not knowing how to abide the fury of her Father she fled away by Sea into Egypt in a Ship called the Cow which Jupiter provided for her and being there she taught the people Tillage and the use of Letters for which she was called by the Egyptians Isis and Deified by them The next after Inachus was Phoroneus he reigned 60 yeares and was called a Judge because he made Lawes to decide Controversies among his people and was one of them that judged in a Controversie betweene Juno and Neptune And hereupon some also think that Forum the name of a place to plead in came first from hence but how truly saith Vives looke they to that Orosius saith that the Thelcissans and Carsathians warred upon him but he vanquished them and drove them to seeke a new habitation by the Sea Plato calleth him the first man because he first taught the Greekes civility and Husbandry Others say as much of Argus Of Ogyges and his Flood as I shall afterward mention when I come to speake of him Ogyges reigned in Attica in this Kings time 1020. yeares before the first Olympiad which therfore was in the yeare of the Julian Period 2918. Two and thirty yeares from whence for so long Ogyges reigned according to Cedrenus was that great and notable Flood which was called the Ogygian Food both because it hapned in the Country wherein he reigned and also because he was drowned in it For indeed the Flood which beares his name drowned him and his whole Country which for 204 yeares after lay void untill Cecrops his reigne there Africanus in Euseb lib 10. De praeparat Evang. cap. 3. reckons not so many by five yeares for this void space howbeit I find by carefull computation as many as I have mentioned and doe begin Ogyges reigne 1020 yeares before the Olympiads and so also doth Africanus This Flood therefore of which I now speake was in the yeare of the Julian Period 2950. which was the 49th yeare of Phoroneus the second King of Argos Eusebius placeth it much about the same time and whereas Cedrenus accounteth 248. yeares from hence to the Flood of Deucalion I shall afterward shew whether that be so or no. Deucalians Flood was great but this was greater extending it selfe to the bankes of Archi-pelago or the Aegean Sea drowding likewise the Regions of Artica about Athens and that of Achaia in Peloponesus at which time the Cities Helice and Bura which were seated on the North part of Peloponesus were also swallowed up The next King after Phoroneus was Apis he reigned thirty five yeares That which some write of this King viz. that he went into Egypt and dying there was called Serapis the greatest god of Egypt seemes rather to belong to Osyris the Husband of Isis For Apis in their language signifies an Oxe which the Egyptians worshipped either from the institution of Isis and Osyris in regard of the use that they found out of this Beast in Tillage or for the honour of Osyris whose soule they say went into an Oxe and remaineth continually in the Oxe Apis passing from one Apis to another or else it was in regard that Isis gathered together the scattered members of Osyris when Typhon had slaine him and put them into a woodden Oxe covered with an Oxes hide which when the people saw they beleeved that Osyris was become an Oxe and so began to adore that as if it had been himselfe Next after Apis Argus reigned the time of his reigne was seventy yeares Of him the Country was called Argos and the People Argives For till now the Countrey bore the name of Peloponesus or as some thinke was formerly called Thessalia or Pelasgia Homer calleth it Argos Pelasgicum as Master Isaacson mentioneth in his Chronologie It is also written that in Argus his time Greece began to * Namely better then before know Husbandry and Tillage and that after his death he was accounted for a god and honoured with Temples and Sacrifices which honour a private man one Homogyrus had before him because he was the first among them who ever yoaked Oxen to the Plow howbeit he was slaine with Thunder as Saint Austin noteth in the sixth Chapter of his eighteenth booke De civit Dei But if Isis before this carried the knowledge of these things out of Greece into Egypt and that Phoroneus also before mentioned was as Plato saith the first man because he first taught the Greekes civility and Husbandry then must this which is here attributed to Argus be understood of a more full and perfect knowledge then they had at the first for it is easier to add then to invent which therefore makes things come to perfection but by degrees Criasus succeeded Argus and reigned after him fifty foure yeares Saint Austin saith that Prometheus and his brother Arlas were famous in the dayes of Saphrus otherwise called Sphaerus or Iphaereus whilst Criasus reigned still in Argos lib. 18 De civit Dei cap. 8. The first of these viz. Prometheus is reported to have formed men out of Clay which was because he was an excellent teacher of wisedome And as for that fiction also of