they_o come_v of_o englishman_n where_o as_o they_o and_o the_o englishman_n count_n the_o other_o scot_n but_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a these_o nation_n as_o i_o say_v until_o that_o honorius_n come_v to_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o lord_n four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o molest_v the_o north_n part_n of_o britain_n with_o incursion_n and_o robbery_n at_o which_o time_n have_v call_v a_o power_n out_o of_o ireland_n to_o help_v they_o as_o gyldas_n and_o bede_n do_v avouch_v under_o conduct_v of_o reuda_n establish_v themselves_o a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o albania_n but_o the_o readshanks_n possess_v the_o east_n region_n whereas_o first_o they_o make_v war_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o britain_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o englishman_n and_o dane_n sometime_o they_o be_v confederate_a sometime_o they_o war_v diverse_o until_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n eight_o hundred_o and_o forty_o all_o the_o redshank_n be_v destroy_v by_o kennethus_n king_n of_o scot_n in_o somuch_o that_o their_o name_n and_o kingdom_n cease_v to_o be_v any_o long_o in_o britain_n who_o country_n the_o scot_n add_v unto_o their_o own_o which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v renown_v in_o britain_n this_o much_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n according_a to_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o history_n howbeit_o i_o know_v well_o how_o boethius_n a_o most_o vain_a reporter_n of_o fable_n impudent_o affirm_v that_o they_o reign_v in_o britain_n three_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n be_v bear_v and_o he_o feign_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o king_n so_o many_o war_n by_o they_o most_o valiant_o wage_v against_o the_o roman_n so_o many_o wholesome_a law_n and_o statute_n in_o britain_n by_o they_o institute_v as_o neither_o lucian_n in_o his_o fabulous_a narration_n neither_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o amadis_n of_o gaul_n nor_o witty_a ariostus_n in_o his_o orlando_n furioso_n have_v ever_o commend_v unto_o we_o in_o fable_n but_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o i_o may_v set_v forth_o the_o most_o beastly_a man_n in_o his_o colour_n &_o that_o the_o sleight_n and_o subtlety_n wherewith_o he_o endevour_v to_o blear_v all_o man_n eye_n may_v be_v display_v i_o will_v brief_o touch_v certain_a of_o his_o most_o vain_a trifle_n &_o such_o as_o all_o man_n of_o wit_n and_o understand_v may_v easy_o perceive_v to_o be_v stark_o lie_v and_o here_o i_o let_v pas_fw-fr egyptian_a fable_n and_o of_o the_o stock_n and_o race_n of_o scottish_a king_n in_o britain_n before_o caesar_n come_v where_o he_o affirm_v that_o caesar_n be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o flee_v out_o of_o britain_n who_o afterward_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n to_o request_v their_o friendship_n and_o that_o at_o last_o he_o conduct_v his_o roman_a army_n in_o to_o the_o forest_n caledonia_n also_o that_o augustus_n send_v his_o messenger_n unto_o metellus_n king_n of_o scot_n to_o entreat_v he_o for_o peace_n moreover_o he_o make_v cataracus_n a_o britain_n and_o son_n to_o king_n cynobellinus_n as_o dion_n a_o most_o famous_a author_n report_v king_n of_o scotland_n he_o stick_v not_o to_o avouch_v that_o the_o brigant_n siluri_n and_o ordovici_fw-la be_v scot_n he_o sheweth_z how_o dangerous_a the_o expedition_n be_v of_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n and_o describe_v great_a war_n between_o he_o and_o canus_n the_o king_n of_o the_o orchades_n he_o write_v that_o voadicia_n the_o most_o renown_a queen_n voadicia_n of_o iceni_n who_o valiant_a deed_n against_o the_o roman_n tacitus_n and_o also_o dion_n have_v make_v know_v to_o the_o world_n veusius_fw-la earl_n of_o brigant_n cartimandua_n the_o queen_n be_v all_o scot_n and_o final_o there_o be_v no_o one_o thing_n wherein_o the_o roman_n or_o britain_n behave_v themselves_o courageous_o or_o wise_o in_o britain_n which_o this_o monster_n do_v not_o ascribe_v unto_o his_o feign_a scot_n and_o which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o world_n and_o he_o have_v not_o only_o transcribe_v the_o mind_n but_o also_o whole_a sentence_n and_o oration_n of_o tacitus_n into_o his_o book_n always_o change_a the_o name_n of_o nation_n and_o city_n like_o a_o malicious_a falsifier_n with_o out_o all_o shame_n or_o honesty_n he_o say_v caesar_n &_o tacitus_n write_v these_o thing_n of_o the_o redshank_n and_o those_o of_o the_o scot_n &_o that_o these_o nation_n make_v such_o and_o so_o many_o war_n when_o as_o in_o deed_n the_o name_n of_o scot_n or_o redshank_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v find_v in_o these_o most_o noble_a writer_n and_o true_o it_o be_v not_o like_a that_o caesar_n be_v avery_n wise_a gentleman_n when_o he_o have_v thorough_o learn_v the_o state_n &_o manner_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o irishman_n will_v with_o silence_n have_v overpass_o the_o name_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n special_o have_v send_v ambassador_n unto_o their_o king_n neither_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o tacitus_n a_o famous_a man_n and_o very_o expert_a in_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n and_o other_o country_n when_o he_o describe_v the_o expedition_n of_o agricola_n his_o father_n in_o law_n in_o to_o britain_n and_o as_o it_o be_v depeynt_v forth_o the_o sheyre_n peoples_z portes_n and_o river_n of_o that_o region_n by_o their_o proper_a name_n &_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o certain_a earl_n of_o ireland_n take_v by_o agricola_n know_v not_o also_o the_o name_n of_o scot_n and_o redshank_n with_o who_o boethiusâ—ayneth_v â—ayneth_z he_o wage_v that_o war_n when_o as_o in_o every_o place_n he_o seem_v to_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o albion_n britain_n and_o it_o have_v stand_v much_o more_o with_o agricolas_fw-la honour_n be_v a_o worthy_a man_n who_o tacitus_n also_o by_o his_o work_n endeavour_v to_o make_v more_o noble_a to_o have_v subdue_v unknown_a nation_n and_o such_o as_o â—ead_a on_o man_n flesh_n such_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v long_a time_n after_o rather_o then_o the_o britain_n which_o be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n also_o dion_n a_o man_n which_o have_v be_v consul_n and_o familiar_a with_o severus_n the_o emperor_n and_o unto_o he_o dear_o belove_v whilst_o he_o declare_v his_o expedition_n into_o britain_n at_o large_a not_o once_o speak_v of_o the_o scot_n or_o redshank_n bâ—ing_v very_o well_o know_v to_o all_o man_n that_o he_o convey_v all_o his_o force_n and_o power_n into_o albania_n or_o scotland_n for_o quoth_v dion_n the_o meati_fw-la &_o caledonij_fw-la two_o diverse_a kind_n of_o britain_n revolt_a from_o the_o roman_n and_o severus_n call_v together_o his_o soldier_n command_v they_o to_o innate_a their_o country_n and_o kill_v all_o that_o ever_o they_o meet_v and_o thus_o he_o charge_v they_o in_o these_o word_n let_v none_o escape_v your_o hand_n away_o nor_o cruel_a bloody_a broil_n no_o tender_a imp_n though_o in_o her_o womb_n the_o dame_n there_o with_o do_v toil_n let_v he_o not_o escape_v a_o woeful_a death_n when_o severus_n come_v into_o caledonia_n he_o fight_v never_o a_o battle_n neither_o see_v he_o any_o power_n of_o his_o enemy_n in_o a_o readiness_n and_o so_o pass_a throughout_o all_o his_o enemy_n land_n have_v not_o lose_v in_o fight_n but_o by_o water_n and_o hunger_n fifty_o thousand_o man_n return_v unto_o his_o fellow_n if_o the_o scot_n have_v be_v in_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n the_o reporter_n hereof_o be_v a_o friend_n neither_o after_o he_o herodian_a who_o in_o sufficient_a long_a discourse_n have_v set_v forth_o that_o voyage_n will_v have_v defraud_v a_o emperor_n so_o ambitious_a and_o thirsty_a of_o honour_n as_o severê°_n be_v of_o his_o due_a praise_n wherefore_o it_o be_v as_o evident_a as_o noon_n day_n that_o at_o this_o time_n which_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o and_o two_o year_n after_o the_o incarnation_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o scot_n have_v no_o seat_n in_o britain_n over_o and_o beside_o all_o this_o neither_o eutropius_n neither_o spartianus_n neither_o capitolinus_n neither_o lampridius_n neither_o vopiscus_n nor_o aurelius_n victor_n who_o have_v all_o write_v the_o expedition_n and_o war_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n in_o britain_n have_v in_o any_o plate_n make_v mention_v of_o the_o scottish_n or_o readshank_n name_n although_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o these_o argument_n be_v sufficient_a to_o improve_v and_o condemn_v the_o â—eere_o trifle_n of_o boethius_n notwithstanding_o i_o will_v light_o touch_v two_o of_o his_o history_n which_o by_o the_o author_n be_v setfoorth_o at_o large_a enough_o with_o word_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o but_o i_o pray_v you_o when_o you_o be_v let_v to_o look_v your_o laughter_n friend_n you_o will_v refrain_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o fable_n he_o write_v how_o that_o ptolomaeus_n philadelphus_n king_n
nothing_o trouble_v with_o hunger_n nor_o cold_a neither_o weary_a with_o martial_a affair_n neither_o fall_n into_o desperation_n by_o adversity_n but_o soon_o ready_a to_o rise_v up_o after_o a_o fall_n and_o press_v by_o and_o by_o again_o to_o assay_v the_o peril_n of_o war_n as_o in_o battle_n easy_a so_o in_o continuance_n of_o war_n hard_a to_o be_v overcome_v whereby_o claudianus_n seem_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n say_v if_o that_o their_o heart_n you_o let_v a_o while_n 2._o to_o rest_v so_o many_o slaughter_n they_o devoid_a of_o sense_n do_v seem_v to_o take_v and_o of_o small_a price_n the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n to_o deem_v thus_o much_o he_o and_o more_o which_o short_o god_n willing_a shall_v be_v set_v forth_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o land_n this_o land_n after_o the_o british_a destruction_n wales_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o region_n as_o i_o read_v of_o late_a in_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n for_o say_v that_o book_n after_o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v vanquish_v the_o britain_n &_o obtain_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o london_n all_o the_o people_n of_o wales_n assemble_v together_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n devey_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n and_o yno_o i_o doethant_a gwyr_n gwynedh_fw-mi à _fw-fr gwyr_n powy_n a_o gwyr_n deheubarth_n à _fw-fr reynnwc_n ac_fw-la esylluc_n à _fw-la morganuc_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v and_o thither_o come_v man_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o man_n of_o powy_n and_o man_n of_o deheubarth_n and_o of_o reynnucia_n and_o of_o syllucia_n and_o morgania_n &_o they_o choose_v maylgun_v who_o other_o call_v maclocunius_fw-la of_o â–ª_o gwynedh_n to_o be_v their_o king_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n â—60_n howbeit_o afterward_o in_o the_o lamentable_a conflict_n against_o ethelfredus_n king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v recite_v the_o king_n of_o dynetia_n which_o false_o they_o call_v demetia_n of_o guenta_fw-la of_o powysia_n and_o of_o north-wales_n and_o in_o another_o place_n â—ention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n of_o stra_n 〈…〉_o cluyde_v so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v easy_o 〈…〉_o ered_a that_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a 〈…〉_o ivers_n petikinge_n or_o earl_n unto_o rodericuâ—_n 〈…〉_o e_o of_o roderike_n the_o great_a who_z ob_fw-la 〈…〉_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o wales_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 843._o divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o possession_n of_o his_o three_o son_n for_o unto_o meruinius_fw-la as_o gyraldus_n term_v he_o to_o who_o i_o consent_v his_o elder_a son_n he_o give_v gwynedh_n to_o anaraudus_fw-la who_o some_o make_v the_o elder_a powy_n &_o to_o cadelhus_fw-la the_o young_a deheubarth_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o gyldas_n southwales_n be_v allot_v to_o cadelhus_fw-la with_o the_o blessing_n and_o goodwill_n of_o all_o the_o people_n which_o they_o call_v deheubarth_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o right_a side_n which_o although_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v far_o the_o big_a notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o noble_a man_n which_o in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v call_v vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v high_a man_n wherewith_o it_o abound_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o rebel_v against_o their_o lord_n &_o to_o defy_v they_o in_o armour_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o worse_a this_o division_n whilst_o their_o posterity_n contend_v among_o themselves_o in_o civil_a war_n and_o each_o of_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o englishman_n in_o external_a at_o last_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o kingdom_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v gwynedh_n englishmen_n north-wales_n &_o the_o latin_a writer_n corrupt_o venodotia_n have_v in_o venodotia_n ancient_a time_n these_o limit_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n side_n it_o have_v vergivium_fw-la or_o the_o irish_a ocean_n at_o the_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o river_n devye_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v cut_v of_o from_o southwales_n on_o the_o south_n and_o east_n side_n it_o be_v sever_v from_o powy_n and_o england_n with_o high_a hill_n and_o sometime_o with_o water_n unto_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi the_o same_o also_o be_v part_v into_o four_o region_n which_o contain_v fifteen_o cantredi_n which_o signify_v a_o hundred_o village_n the_o principal_a of_o these_o region_n be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o anglysey_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n &_o in_o the_o same_o be_v a_o king_n palace_n the_o seat_n of_o north-wales_n in_o aberfraw_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o gwynedh_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n for_o in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n that_o be_v to_o say_v good_a howel_n of_o wall_n both_o king_n and_o lawyer_n which_o i_o have_v see_v write_v both_o in_o the_o british_a and_o latin_a tongue_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o like_o as_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n aught_o to_o pay_v threescore_o and_o three_o pound_n for_o tribute_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o london_n so_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o dinesur_n a_o matrafall_n be_v several_o bind_v to_o pay_v so_o much_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o wales_n king_n be_v the_o chief_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n about_o anglysey_n be_v diverse_a little_a land_n as_o ynis_n adar_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o bird_n sometime_o but_o now_o it_o be_v call_v ynis_n moylrhoniay_v to_o wit_n the_o i_o will_v of_o whale_n in_o english_a ysterisd_v also_o ynis_n lygod_n that_o be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o mouse_n and_o the_o i_o will_v seirial_n in_o english_a preêstholme_n the_o second_o region_n of_o gwynedh_n call_v arfon_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v above_o anglysey_n the_o best_a fortify_v part_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o it_o centeyn_v the_o high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o we_o term_v yriri_fw-la the_o englishman_n snowdowne_n because_o they_o carry_v snow_n for_o height_n and_o plenty_n of_o cattle_n scarce_o inferior_a to_o the_o alps_n it_o have_v in_o it_o many_o river_n and_o stand_v water_n beyond_o who_o far_a promontory_n call_v lhynus_fw-la lie_v a_o i_o will_v which_o ptolomaeus_n term_v lymnos_n our_o countryman_n eulhi_n the_o englishman_n bardesey_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o the_o bardi_n in_o arfon_n overagain_o anglysey_n stand_v a_o ancient_a city_n call_v of_o the_o roman_n segontium_n of_o the_o britain_n caërsegont_a of_o a_o river_n which_o pass_v thereby_o but_o now_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n thereof_o there_o be_v a_o new_a town_n and_o a_o castle_n found_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o 1._o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n call_v caër_fw-la arfon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o town_n upon_o anglysey_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o overagain_o anglysey_n lie_v the_o bishop_n see_v of_o banchor_n and_o upon_o conway_n water_n which_o there_o ebb_v and_o slow_v stand_v conway_n of_o our_o country_n man_n call_v aberconwy_n a_o wall_a town_n build_v by_o the_o same_o king_n then_o follow_v meridnia_n with_o we_o merionydh_n and_o gyraldus_n call_v it_o the_o land_n of_o the_o son_n of_o conavius_fw-la the_o same_o as_o he_o say_v be_v the_o most_o rough_a and_o sharp_a of_o all_o wales_n have_v in_o it_o most_o high_a mountain_n the_o people_n use_v long_o spear_n wherewith_o they_o be_v of_o great_a force_n as_z the_o southwales_n man_n with_o their_o bow_n so_o that_o a_o harnies_n can_v bear_v it_o of_o so_o much_o he_o the_o sea_n coast_n there_o by_o occasion_n of_o take_v great_a her_v take_v be_v much_o frequent_v by_o people_n of_o diverse_a country_n in_o the_o same_o stand_v the_o town_n harlechia_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o within_o the_o land_n be_v the_o great_a lake_n tegid_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi which_o we_o call_v doverduwy_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n flow_v where_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o note_n that_o there_o be_v in_o that_o pond_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o fish_n which_o be_v never_o find_v in_o the_o run_a water_n neither_o the_o salmon_n whereof_o the_o river_n be_v full_a do_v ever_o entre_fw-fr into_o the_o lake_n in_o this_o country_n and_o in_o arfon_n be_v see_v great_a multitude_n of_o dear_a and_o goat_n upon_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o these_o two_o country_n of_o all_o wales_n cam_fw-la last_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o englishmen_n neither_o do_v the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n ever_o frequent_a domestical_a incursion_n but_o before_o our_o time_n always_o seem_v to_o obey_v law_n rightful_o the_o far_a &_o last_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v of_o our_o countryman_n berfedhwlad_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o inward_a and_o midland_n region_n and_o be_v sever_v from_o
like_o ll_o but_o the_o better_a learn_v write_v with_o lh_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o spayniarde_n have_v in_o use_n ll_o and_o so_o have_v the_o german_n lh_o as_o in_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o lhudovicus_fw-la &_o lhotharius_fw-la the_o emperor_n in_o panuinius_fw-la be_v evident_a but_o neither_o of_o these_o express_v we_o howbeit_o i_o take_v it_o rather_o that_o the_o mexicani_fw-la â–ª_o which_o inhabit_v the_o newfound_a world_n do_v use_v that_o letter_n which_o the_o spayniarde_n express_v by_o ll_o but_o because_o i_o be_v never_o amongst_o they_o i_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o not_o for_o we_o be_v sharp_a in_o the_o hiss_a for_o this_o letter_n l_o be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o strong_a aspiration_n put_v the_o tongue_n hard_o to_o the_o tooth_n be_v half_o open_a hold_v the_o lip_n immovable_a the_o right_a pronounciation_n whereof_o be_v not_o easy_o learn_v but_o by_o much_o excercise_n v._o have_v always_o the_o force_n of_o a_o vowel_n and_o 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into_o th._n and_o into_o nh_v c_o into_o g_z change_z and_o into_o ngh._n as_o appear_v in_o these_o example_n a_o head_n be_v call_v pén_n in_o our_o tongue_n out_o of_o the_o head_n o_o bén_n or_o his_o head_n i_z bén_n with_o a_o head_n a_o phén_n or_o her_o head_n i_z phén_n my_o head_n fymhén_n hear_v you_o see_v a_o strange_a mutation_n of_o this_o letter_n when_o it_o be_v call_v in_o one_o place_n pén_n in_o another_o bén_n in_o the_o third_o phén_n and_o last_o of_o all_o mhén_n likewise_o fire_n in_o british_a be_v call_v tán_n out_o of_o fire_n o_o dan_o with_o fire_n a_o than_o my_o fire_n fynhán_n in_o like_a manner_n c_o be_v change_v for_o love_n be_v call_v in_o our_o tongue_n cariad_n out_o of_o love_n o_o gariad_a with_o love_n a_o chariad_n my_o love_n fynghariad_n also_o b_o with_o d_z and_o g_z radical_n have_v their_o peculiar_a variation_n as_o for_o example_n sake_n bara_n which_o signify_v bread_n out_o of_o bread_n o_o fara_fw-mi where_o f._n have_v the_o 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lay_v which_o have_v trouble_v many_o learned_a man_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o island_n and_o first_o of_o all_o let_v we_o brief_o lay_v forth_o what_o diverse_a man_n have_v diverse_o write_v of_o the_o name_n thereof_o aristotle_n a_o grave_a author_n in_o his_o aristotle_n book_n de_fw-fr mundo_fw-la of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o write_v to_o alexander_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v two_o very_o great_a island_n in_o th`oceane_n beyond_o hercules_n pillar_n lie_v above_o the_o celtae_n which_o he_o call_v brittanicas_fw-la namely_o albion_n and_o ièrnai_n which_o name_n of_o albion_n both_o we_o and_o also_o the_o roman_a history_n do_v acknowledge_v as_o very_o ancient_a and_o derive_v from_o albion_n the_o son_n of_o neptunè_n there_o reign_v about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n creation_n 2220._o whereof_o god_n will_v we_o will_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n but_o whereas_o some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o name_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o white_a cliff_n it_o be_v plain_a ridiculous_a and_o i_o wonder_v that_o man_n otherwise_o circumspect_a enough_o can_v be_v blind_v in_o such_o light_n as_o to_o have_v darken_v all_o the_o name_n of_o place_n and_o man_n with_o latin_a etimology_n or_o derivation_n sing_v it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o latin_n at_o that_o time_n possess_v but_o the_o lest_o part_n of_o italy_n and_o that_o the_o apuli_fw-la and_o the_o calabri_n speak_v the_o greek_a tongue_n and_o the_o tusci_n the_o ethrusâ—an_a tongue_n and_o almost_o the_o residue_n of_o italy_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o french_a man_n â–ª_o whereby_o neither_o the_o latin_a name_n nor_o their_o tongue_n be_v know_v to_o the_o borderer_n into_o which_o error_n robertus_fw-la coenalis_n a_o french_a man_n very_o well_o learned_a with_o diverse_a other_o have_v fall_v while_o he_o endeavour_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o name_n of_o country_n and_o city_n of_o both_o britain_n the_o island_n and_o the_o continent_n in_o exposition_n and_o derivation_n from_o the_o latin_a whereas_o th`author_n forget_v himself_o say_v in_o a_o other_o place_n the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o roman_n julius_n caesar_n behold_v that_o part_n of_o france_n and_o this_o our_o britain_n and_o that_o the_o same_o place_n be_v so_o term_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n before_o ever_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o roman_a name_n whereby_o i_o as_o one_o not_o swear_v to_o maintain_v the_o opinion_n of_o any_o man_n but_o follow_v reason_n the_o faithful_a guide_n and_o leader_n of_o the_o wife_n do_v constant_o avouch_v that_o the_o derivation_n and_o deduction_n of_o the_o â–ª_o antique_a name_n of_o britain_n &_o the_o part_n thereof_o be_v not_o to_o be_v seek_v out_o of_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n but_o forth_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a british_a tongue_n for_o how_o shameful_o the_o latin_n have_v corrupt_v the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n and_o place_n of_o the_o land_n while_o they_o study_v for_o the_o finesse_n of_o their_o tongue_n it_o be_v manifest_a to_o all_o those_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o any_o skill_n of_o the_o tongue_n come_v to_o read_v the_o roman_a history_n for_o so_o very_o false_o they_o have_v call_v hermannus_n arminius_n ernestus_n ariovistus_fw-la dictrichus_fw-la the_o odoricus_fw-la and_o the_o invincible_a king_n of_o britain_n meurigus_n they_o have_v call_v aâ—uiragus_n and_o now_o of_o late_a year_n polydorus_n have_v term_v rhesus_n the_o son_n of_o thomas_n richard_n since_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o must_v not_o trust_v unto_o the_o roman_a name_v let_v we_o come_v to_o our_o own_o natural_a tongue_n by_o mean_n whereof_o we_o shall_v bring_v the_o true_a name_n of_o britain_n to_o light_n which_o
to_o accomplish_v the_o better_a we_o must_v something_o say_v before_o caesar_n which_o first_o of_o all_o the_o roman_n caesar_n have_v celebrate_v the_o name_n of_o this_o island_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n call_v it_o britannia_n who_o almost_o all_o other_o latin_a writer_n imitate_v have_v not_o change_v the_o same_o name_n notwithstanding_o only_a sir_n thomas_n eliote_n a_o knight_n eliote_n who_o learning_n be_v not_o to_o be_v contemn_v have_v stand_v up_o of_o late_a amongst_o we_o who_o contend_v not_o without_o good_a reason_n and_o probability_n that_o it_o be_v call_v in_o old_a time_n prytannia_n which_o he_o prove_v by_o a_o very_a ancient_a copy_n that_o he_o have_v in_o his_o hand_n but_o where_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v term_v so_o in_o greek_a for_o the_o plenty_n and_o abundance_n thereof_o sure_o i_o which_o do_v quite_o reject_v such_o derivation_n do_v not_o allow_v it_o yet_o yield_a rather_o to_o the_o name_n of_o prytannia_n than_o britannia_n the_o authority_n of_o which_o ancient_a fragment_n i_o will_v endeavour_n to_o confirm_v with_o weighty_a reason_n but_o because_o in_o so_o do_v i_o shall_v appear_v to_o bring_v forth_o certain_a paradox_n and_o opinion_n not_o hear_v of_o before_o the_o better_a to_o satisfy_v both_o my_o countryman_n the_o britain_n in_o wales_n and_o other_o i_o will_v lay_v forth_o my_o purpose_n before_o all_o man_n eye_n not_o cleave_n so_o precise_o to_o my_o own_o opinion_n but_o that_o if_o any_o man_n can_v bring_v i_o more_o better_a and_o more_o certain_a i_o will_v quick_o yield_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n always_o reserve_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a you_o shall_v have_v my_o opinion_n when_o i_o chance_v of_o late_a year_n to_o come_v to_o the_o sight_n of_o polydorus_n virgilius_n the_o italian_a and_o hector_n boethius_n the_o scot_n their_o british_a history_n whereof_o the_o first_o maynful_o seek_v not_o only_o to_o obscure_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o british_n name_n but_o also_o to_o defame_v the_o britain_n themselves_o with_o sclandrous_a lie_n the_o other_o while_o he_o go_v about_o to_o raise_v his_o scot_n out_o of_o darkness_n and_o obscurity_n what_o ever_o he_o find_v that_o the_o roman_n or_o britain_n have_v do_v worthy_a commendation_n in_o this_o island_n all_o that_o he_o attribute_v unto_o his_o scot_n like_o a_o foolish_a writer_n wherefore_o be_v provoke_v by_o these_o injury_n that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o guard_v my_o sweet_a country_n from_o such_o inconvenience_n unto_o my_o small_a power_n i_o begin_v to_o peruse_v all_o such_o ancient_a history_n both_o greek_a and_o latin_a as_o ever_o have_v write_v of_o britain_n or_o the_o britain_n cause_v not_o only_o all_o such_o sentence_n but_o each_o word_n also_o to_o be_v copy_v forth_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o thereout_o as_o of_o a_o thick_a and_o plentiful_a wood_n i_o may_v gather_v sufficient_a timber_n to_o frame_v a_o british_a history_n and_o not_o only_o continue_v in_o read_v strange_a writer_n but_o also_o the_o most_o antique_a fragment_n of_o our_o poetes_n which_o at_o this_o day_n retain_v therein_o as_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n else_o the_o old_a name_n be_v call_v bardi_n together_o with_o bardi_n history_n write_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n which_o of_o late_a so_o far_o as_o i_o suppose_v be_v by_o i_o first_o translate_v into_o english_a and_o not_o only_o confer_v the_o deed_n but_o also_o the_o name_n of_o king_n and_o place_n in_o both_o tongue_n where_o i_o have_v note_v prydain_n that_o britannia_n be_v first_o call_v prydain_n amongst_o we_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o most_o ancient_a book_n of_o pedigree_n wherein_o the_o welshman_n be_v too_o too_o curious_a have_v amongst_o they_o continual_o certain_a register_n of_o pedigree_n and_o discentes_fw-la which_o some_o call_v hierhaut_n hierhaut_n which_o perpetual_o do_v record_n in_o writing_a and_o memory_n the_o name_n of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n contrivinge_n they_o into_o tribe_n as_o they_o be_v divide_v in_o old_a time_n they_o think_v as_o well_o of_o themselves_o as_o either_o the_o frenchman_n the_o turk_n or_o latin_n derive_v their_o original_n from_o the_o troyan_n in_o these_o book_n as_o i_o say_v it_o be_v many_o time_n find_v that_o this_o island_n be_v call_v prydain_n as_o paun_n post_v prydain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o cheefist_n post_n or_o pillar_n of_o britain_n a_o certain_a writer_n also_o which_o write_v many_o hundred_o year_n ago_o amongst_o the_o old_a valiant_a britain_n show_v the_o same_o beside_o that_o the_o poetes_n and_o those_o which_o they_o call_v bardi_n at_o this_o day_n do_v frequent_a common_o that_o word_n as_o post_v prydáin_o olh_o pride_n à _fw-fr nerth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o pillar_n of_o all_o britain_n the_o beauty_n and_o strength_n moreover_o it_o be_v usual_o find_v in_o all_o our_o book_n ynys_n prydain_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o island_n of_o britain_n and_o phrainc_fw-la à _fw-la phrydain_n that_o be_v france_n and_o britain_n whereby_o those_o that_o understand_v the_o tongue_n may_v easy_o gather_v that_o our_o britain_n call_v this_o island_n prydain_v in_o their_o language_n which_o the_o latin_n for_o the_o hardness_n and_o evil_a sound_n thereof_o have_v reject_v and_o have_v call_v the_o country_n britannia_n and_o the_o people_n britanni_n for_o the_o more_o gentle_a and_o pleasant_a sound_n sake_n which_o i_o will_v prove_v by_o these_o strong_a argument_n follow_v every_o british_a word_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o who_o first_o radical_a be_v pea_n have_v three_o variation_n in_o construction_n namely_o into_o b_o ph_n and_o mh_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n amongst_o we_o sometime_o begin_v with_o b_o sometime_o with_o ph_n and_o sometime_o with_o mh_o wherefore_o the_o first_o radical_a thereof_o must_v needs_o be_v p._n and_o another_o infallible_a argument_n thereis_n that_o b_o be_v not_o the_o first_o radical_a of_o that_o name_n theris_z no_o british_a word_n who_o first_o radical_a letter_n be_v b_o that_o abide_v any_o change_n into_o pea_n or_o ph._n but_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n among_o the_o britain_n as_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o tongue_n require_v sometime_o begin_v with_o pea_n sometime_o with_o ph_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o wherefore_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n have_v not_o b_o for_o his_o first_o radical_a letter_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o weâ—_z shall_v seek_v the_o derivation_n of_o this_o name_n from_o the_o greek_n since_o we_o may_v find_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o in_o our_o own_o tongue_n wherein_o almost_o all_o name_n of_o man_n and_o place_n be_v of_o themselves_o significant_a pride_n amongst_o we_o signify_v comeliness_n or_o beauty_n cain_n signify_v white_a so_o that_o by_o the_o join_v of_o these_o two_o word_n together_o &_o take_v away_o c_o in_o composition_n for_o the_o better_a sound_n sake_n be_v make_v prydain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 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god_n forbid_v i_o shall_v be_v so_o impious_a in_o such_o wise_a to_o despise_v the_o majesty_n of_o antiquity_n nay_o rather_o when_o opportunity_n shall_v be_v offer_v i_o purpose_v to_o confirm_v by_o bring_v forth_o many_o weighty_a reason_n and_o authority_n which_o i_o have_v ready_a in_o store_n for_o a_o british_a history_n both_o his_o come_n and_o also_o to_o establish_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o british_a history_n nothing_o regard_v the_o folly_n of_o those_o who_o because_o they_o find_v not_o the_o name_n of_o it_o in_o the_o roman_a history_n bold_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o in_o the_o world_n at_o all_o sing_v unto_o those_o that_o shall_v read_v halicarnasseus_n and_o livius_n so_o much_o disagree_v and_o also_o consider_v the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o latin_a name_n at_o that_o time_n when_o brutus_n pass_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o greece_n it_o shall_v easy_o
the_o roman_n antoninus_n also_o mention_v pontium_fw-la which_o appear_v now_o to_o be_v call_v neubery_n read_v thantique_a name_n of_o spinae_n which_o signify_v thornes_z continue_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o one_o side_n of_o neubery_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o new_a court_n from_o whence_o a_o good_a way_n of_o upon_o the_o river_n cunetio_n stand_v a_o famous_a city_n call_v cunetio_n by_o the_o roman_n but_o marlborow_n now_o marlborow_n between_o these_o and_o the_o sea_n lie_v the_o simeni_n who_o metropolitan_a or_o chief_n city_n be_v venta_n which_o in_o fore_a time_n be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a renown_n and_o of_o the_o britain_n call_v caërwynt_n wynchester_n of_o the_o englishmen_n wynchester_n and_o at_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v the_o great_a port_n call_v now_o portesmouth_n at_o who_o wight_n mouth_n there_o stand_v a_o city_n call_v of_o old_a caërperis_n but_o now_o portchester_n also_o tris_n antonis_n a_o haven_n now_o south_n hampton_n retain_v the_o old_a name_n over_o against_o these_o lie_v the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n celebrate_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_a writer_n and_o first_o subdue_v by_o vespasian_n the_o same_o be_v in_o length_n xx_o mile_n and._n x._o in_o breadth_n in_o form_n like_o to_o a_o egg_n in_o some_o place_n seven_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o main_n shore_n and_o in_o other_o but_o twain_o it_o have_v very_o rough_a and_o craggy_a cliff_n it_o be_v very_o plentiful_a of_o corne._n the_o chief_a and_o only_a market_n town_n of_o all_o the_o island_n be_v newport_n there_o be_v also_o a_o castle_n call_v newport_n caërbro_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o tract_n for_o castle_n net_n express_v the_o british_a antiquity_n the_o westsaxons_n when_o they_o have_v drive_v away_o the_o britain_n add_v the_o same_o to_o their_o dominion_n until_o cadwalla_n a_o britain_n have_v slay_v aruald_a recover_v it_o to_o himself_o englishman_n call_v it_o the_o wight_n britain_n term_v it_o gwydh_n which_o in_o 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know_v of_o old_a to_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o caërbaladin_n and_o caërsepton_n at_o the_o westside_n of_o thâ—se_a lie_n the_o durotriges_n call_v of_o we_o durugueir_n of_o the_o englishman_n dorsetshyre_n man_n from_o whence_o more_o westerly_a be_v the_o damnonij_fw-la we_o call_v they_o at_o this_o day_n dyfynnaint_v which_o signify_v deep_a &_o narrow_a valley_n &_o not_o of_o the_o dane_n as_o some_o affirm_v these_o be_v call_v in_o english_a devonshyreman_n and_o they_o lie_v between_o two_o sea_n the_o severn_n and_o the_o british_a ocean_n their_o principal_a city_n be_v isca_n call_v also_o augusta_n before_o time_n caërwisk_n of_o the_o water_n pass_v by_o but_o now_o of_o the_o englishman_n excestre_n excester_n howbeit_o i_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o some_o affirm_v that_o before_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o old_a britain_n penuchelgoëd_n last_o of_o all_o come_v cornavia_n of_o the_o cornwall_n inhabitant_n and_o our_o countryman_n call_v 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that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n odera_fw-mi in_o the_o valley_n of_o badon_n another_o town_n of_o the_o belgae_n with_o ptolomaeus_n aquae_n calidae_n that_o be_v of_o hot_a water_n with_o antoninus_n aquae_fw-la solis_fw-la of_o water_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o britain_n call_v it_o bath_n caërbadon_n the_o englishman_n bath_n and_o be_v very_o renown_a for_o wholesome_a bath_n bath_n of_o hot_a water_n of_o which_o thing_n i_o be_o a_o most_o certain_a witness_n for_o when_o as_o by_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o horse_n which_o i_o have_v catch_v at_o milan_n in_o italy_n i_o be_v grievous_o pain_v with_o the_o sciatica_n continual_o the_o space_n of_o one_o whole_a year_n and_o have_v assay_v the_o help_n of_o many_o excellent_o learned_a physician_n be_v nothing_o the_o better_o i_o use_v these_o bath_n but_o only_o six_o day_n and_o be_v restore_v to_o my_o former_a health_n between_o these_o and_o the_o thames_n head_n be_v the_o dobuni_n now_o claudiani_n who_o chief_a town_n in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v corinium_n of_o the_o britain_n caër_fw-la cory_n the_o english_a gloucester_n man_n now_o term_v it_o cycestre_n and_o claudia_n common_o call_v gloucester_n a_o famous_a city_n stand_v upon_o severn_n the_o head_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n i_o suppose_v not_o to_o have_v be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n but_o be_v afterward_o as_o gyldas_n report_v build_v by_o glovy_n a_o britain_n who_o after_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v drive_v thence_o reign_v there_o and_o not_o so_o name_v by_o claudius_n caesar_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o same_o shire_n also_o stand_v malmesbury_n call_v before_o time_n malmsbury_n caërbladhon_n these_o shire_n do_v make_v the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o saxon_n in_o britain_n which_o they_o call_v westsaxons_n who_o king_n be_v egbert_n who_o egbert_n have_v subdue_v all_o the_o other_o first_o of_o the_o german_n obtain_v the_o monarchy_n of_o lhoëgr_n thus_o have_v describe_v the_o country_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o other_o in_o order_fw-fr and_o first_o over_o against_o kent_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o thames_n lie_v the_o trinovante_n who_o prince_n be_v mandubratius_n tius_fw-la or_o as_o other_o write_v androgorius_n our_o countryman_n call_v he_o audâ—wy_a the_o same_o send_v for_o caesar_n into_o britain_n and_o when_o he_o be_v come_v assist_v he_o with_o his_o power_n and_o follow_v he_o into_o italy_n and_o thessaly_n their_o chief_a city_n london_n be_v build_v by_o brutus_n and_o be_v call_v troynewith_n that_o be_v to_o say_v new_a troy_n howbeit_o there_o be_v some_o which_o call_v it_o trenovantum_fw-la because_o three_fw-mi signify_v in_o british_a a_o town_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v call_v of_o belus_n which_o dwell_v there_o dinas_n beli_n that_o be_v to_o say_v belinus_n palace_n or_o court_n last_o of_o all_o of_o lud_n brother_n to_o caswallane_n which_o wonderful_o adorn_v it_o with_o beautiful_a
germane_a because_o they_o have_v big_a body_n with_o sharp_a and_o horrible_a eye_n thus_o much_o â—e_n since_o therefore_o he_o have_v leave_v their_o original_a unknown_a and_o our_o chronicle_n do_v testify_v how_o that_o the_o britain_n have_v always_o great_a familiarity_n with_o the_o northern_a german_n it_o be_v like_a enough_o that_o the_o british_a cymbri_n pass_v over_o into_o denmark_n whereby_o it_o be_v term_v cymbrica_n and_o so_o join_v with_o the_o almain_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o roman_n and_o first_o vanquish_v papirius_n with_o his_o army_n in_o illyrica_n afterwards_o overcome_v aurelius_n scaurus_n with_o his_o legion_n in_o france_n himself_o be_v slay_v by_o king_n belus_n which_o name_n be_v also_o familiar_a amongst_o the_o welshman_n at_o this_o day_n beside_o that_o manlius_n and_o caepio_n be_v discomfit_v nigh_o rhodanus_n when_o there_o be_v 12000._o of_o the_o roman_n slay_v in_o the_o end_n at_o athesis_n in_o italy_n they_o be_v overthrow_v and_o almost_o all_o slay_v and_o those_o which_o remain_v after_o the_o battle_n escape_v into_o germany_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o the_o one_o return_a into_o britain_n give_v name_n to_o the_o country_n cymbria_n the_o other_o depart_v out_o of_o germany_n rest_v nigh_o to_o the_o sea_n balteum_fw-la &_o afterward_o be_v call_v of_o the_o german_n aestiones_n who_o aestiones_n tongue_n as_o tacitus_n write_v be_v like_o the_o british_a and_o to_o confirm_v all_o this_o i_o read_v of_o late_a in_o a_o most_o ancient_a fragment_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n how_o that_o long_o since_o there_o depart_v a_o very_a great_a army_n of_o britain_n into_o denmarck_n which_o after_o many_o valiant_a war_n stout_o make_v in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o world_n never_o return_v again_o but_o whereas_o diverse_a do_v affirm_v that_o these_o be_v the_o indweller_n of_o the_o danish_a chersonesus_n hereby_o it_o appear_v false_a that_o the_o dane_n long_o before_o that_o time_n possess_v that_o land_n as_o their_o history_n do_v declare_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o danish_a or_o suetish_a writer_n that_o ever_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o cymbri_n othersome_a affirm_v that_o they_o descend_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cymerius_fw-la bosphorus_n but_o neither_o the_o nation_n name_n neither_o their_o manner_n neither_o their_o king_n name_n do_v agree_v which_o if_o you_o respect_v we_o be_v all_o one_o for_o clodic_n lhes_n bel_n lhud_o thudfach_n berich_n by_o which_o the_o king_n of_o the_o cymbri_n be_v call_v be_v very_o common_a name_n amongst_o the_o britain_n their_o neglect_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o shape_n of_o their_o body_n their_o shield_n armour_n sword_n yea_o make_v of_o brass_n whereof_o i_o see_v twain_o which_o of_o late_o be_v find_v in_o hollow_a rock_n in_o north-wales_n their_o reverence_n towards_o woman_n and_o priest_n their_o custom_n to_o sacrifice_v man_n unto_o mercury_n declare_v that_o they_o be_v british_a cymbri_n neither_o will_v i_o deny_v that_o which_o many_o do_v write_v that_o the_o sicambri_n and_o afterward_o franci_n the_o franci_n be_v of_o their_o brood_n unless_o that_o their_o own_o historician_n affirm_v that_o they_o be_v so_o call_v three_o hundred_o year_n before_o of_o one_o cambra_n daughter_n â–ª_o to_o belinus_n which_o be_v king_n of_o britain_n and_o marry_v to_o antenor_n their_o king_n wherefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o cymbri_n either_o depart_v forth_o of_o britain_n about_o that_o time_n or_o else_o be_v the_o remnant_n of_o the_o great_a army_n which_o be_v gather_v in_o britain_n and_o france_n and_o settle_v with_o brennus_n in_o the_o march_n of_o greece_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o it_o be_v undoubted_o know_v that_o brennus_n brennus_n be_v a_o perfect_a britain_n and_o brother_n to_o king_n belinus_n and_o son_n to_o dunwallus_fw-la which_o not_o only_o our_o chronicle_n do_v testify_v but_o also_o the_o country_n name_n where_o the_o ambitious_a man_n 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well_o know_v by_o roman_a monument_n call_v tregelli_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n the_o town_n of_o hasel_n these_o seven_o shire_n credigion_n dwetia_n call_v also_o demetia_n and_o penbrokes_n hire_n caer_fw-mi marthyn_a morganicâ—_n now_o glamorgan_n gwenta_n call_v also_o montanus_n mouth_n brechenoc_n and_o radenor_n be_v by_o englyshman_n ascribe_v unto_o southwales_n thus_o much_o when_o i_o have_v write_v of_o the_o true_a antique_a and_o now_o accustom_a name_n of_o the_o region_n and_o city_n of_o britain_n i_o determine_v here_o to_o have_v end_v least_o by_o this_o my_o unpolished_a and_o barbarous_a writing_n i_o shall_v become_v tedious_a to_o the_o impatient_a reader_n but_o when_o i_o call_v to_o my_o remembrance_n how_o polydorus_n virgilius_n who_o work_n be_v in_o all_o man_n hand_n do_v in_o all_o place_n nip_n &_o gird_v at_o the_o britain_n endevor_v in_o word_n to_o extenuate_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o british_a name_n and_o to_o obscure_v they_o with_o a_o perpetual_a blot_n in_o his_o history_n often_o term_v they_o a_o cowardly_a and_o false_a generation_n i_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o travel_n to_o bring_v forth_o a_o few_o authority_n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o famous_a writer_n and_o approve_a historiographer_n whereby_o the_o indifferent_a reader_n may_v easy_o judge_v what_o credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o say_v polydorê°_n and_o that_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o learn_a writer_n of_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n either_o he_o read_v they_o not_o or_o else_o that_o be_v more_o like_a be_v incense_v with_o envy_n and_o hate_v of_o the_o british_a name_n pass_v they_o over_o with_o silence_n caesar_n himself_o who_o first_o all_o the_o roman_n caesar._n make_v mention_n of_o britain_n how_o be_v it_o no_o man_n be_v account_v a_o upright_a judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n confess_v that_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n the_o britain_n fight_v valiant_o against_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o they_o trouble_v they_o very_o much_o and_o afterward_o that_o the_o legion_n which_o be_v send_v for_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o uitayle_n be_v so_o press_v by_o their_o enemy_n that_o they_o can_v scarce_o endure_v it_o and_o that_o at_o his_o come_n for_o fear_n as_o he_o say_v they_o retire_v and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v his_o own_o word_n caesar_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o unfit_a time_n to_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o give_v he_o battle_n keep_v himself_o in_o his_o own_o place_n and_o after_o short_a time_n bring_v back_o his_o legion_n into_o their_o tent_n this_o retreat_n some_o term_v a_o flight_n which_o may_v also_o be_v prove_v because_o that_o short_o after_o when_o it_o be_v past_a midnight_n he_o take_v ship_a privy_o and_o depart_v out_o of_o britain_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o power_n of_o all_o britain_n but_o a_o band_n of_o kentyshman_n sudden_o gather_v as_o appear_v kentishman_n in_o his_o history_n after_o this_o in_o his_o first_o book_n he_o show_v that_o the_o british_a wagonner_n fight_v stout_o upon_o the_o way_n and_o in_o another_o place_n that_o they_o enter_v forcible_o into_o his_o campe._n and_o that_o the_o roman_a cohort_n or_o band_n be_v afeard_a when_o laberius_n the_o tribune_n be_v slay_v salf_o return_v back_o again_o which_o what_o other_o can_v it_o signify_v then_o that_o they_o escape_v by_o flight_n he_o confess_v also_o how_o casivelanus_fw-la by_o the_o fall_a from_o he_o of_o mandrubatius_n and_o certain_a his_o city_n be_v especial_o move_v not_o by_o battle_n weary_v to_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o to_o entreat_v of_o peace_n all_o these_o thing_n spiteful_o polydorus_n dissemble_v also_o diodorus_n siculus_n who_o write_v siculus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n say_v it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n be_v aborigines_n that_o be_v to_o say_v first_o bear_v in_o the_o country_n lead_v their_o life_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n in_o old_a time_n in_o fight_n they_o use_v chariot_n such_o as_o be_v say_v the_o ancient_a worthy_n of_o greece_n use_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o troy_n in_o behaviour_n they_o be_v simple_a and_o upright_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o craft_n and_o wiliness_n of_o man_n of_o our_o age_n their_o fare_n be_v nothing_o excessive_a nor_o costly_a far_o from_o the_o dainty_a delicate_n of_o ritchman_n thus_o much_o he_o tacitus_n also_o a_o worthy_a writer_n do_v tacitus_n wonderful_o commend_v the_o puissant_a deed_n of_o cataracus_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o confess_v that_o after_o the_o take_v of_o he_o they_o be_v oftentimes_o â—oyled_v and_o discomfit_v by_o one_o only_a city_n of_o the_o siluri_n and_o as_o for_o venusius_n who_o he_o write_v to_o have_v be_v fierce_a and_o hateful_a against_o the_o roman_n he_o report_v that_o he_o vanquish_v not_o only_o the_o roman_n but_o such_o britain_n also_o as_o aid_v they_o his_o word_n be_v these_o the_o kingdom_n to_o venusius_n and_o unto_o we_o remain_v war_n and_o after_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o can_v deny_v but_o when_o queen_n boadicia_n who_o dion_n term_v bundwica_n be_v deserve_o exasperate_v boadicia_n she_o cause_v lx_o and_o ten_o thousand_o roman_n to_o be_v slay_v who_o courage_n more_o than_o manlike_a and_o noble_a deed_n worthy_a to_o be_v extol_v with_o praise_n unto_o heaven_n and_o equivalent_a to_o the_o act_n of_o renown_a emperor_n and_o captain_n tacitus_n &_o also_o dion_n man_n of_o great_a name_n have_v celebrate_v in_o fair_a and_o large_a discourse_n and_o in_o the_o life_n of_o agricola_n in_o wish_v for_o danger_n there_o be_v like_a boldness_n in_o britain_n and_o frenchman_n and_o when_o they_o come_v unto_o the_o pinch_n in_o refuse_v of_o they_o like_o dasterdnes_n howbeit_o the_o britain_n resemble_a more_o hardiness_n as_o be_v such_o who_o long_a rest_n and_o peace_n have_v not_o yet_o make_v soft_a or_o effeminate_a for_o we_o have_v hear_v also_o that_o the_o frenchman_n have_v flourish_v in_o war_n but_o short_o after_o cowardice_n creep_v in_o through_o idleness_n whereby_o they_o lose_v both_o manhood_n and_o liberty_n which_o likewise_o befall_v to_o the_o vanquish_a britain_n the_o residue_n whereof_o remain_v yet_o such_o as_o the_o frenchman_n be_v they_o be_v strong_a on_o foot_n certain_a of_o they_o do_v fight_n in_o chariot_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v count_v the_o worthy_a who_o clientes_fw-la and_o servant_n do_v fight_v and_o defend_v they_o infore_o time_n they_o be_v prepare_v for_o king_n but_o now_o through_o favour_n and_o faction_n every_o prince_n have_v get_v they_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o profitable_a for_o our_o use_n against_o strange_a and_o valiant_a nation_n save_v that_o they_o do_v not_o general_o safeguard_v and_o defend_v all_o it_o be_v seldom_o that_o two_o or_o three_o city_n do_v join_v to_o withstand_v their_o common_a danger_n so_o that_o while_o they_o fight_v several_o they_o be_v overcome_v universal_o also_o in_o another_o place_n the_o britain_n do_v muster_v pay_v tribute_n and_o fulfil_v other_o commaundment_n of_o the_o empire_n without_o stay_n or_o grudge_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o injury_n offer_v which_o they_o can_v hardly_o abide_v and_o now_o they_o be_v subdue_v to_o obey_v but_o not_o yet_o to_o be_v slave_n and_o a_o little_a afterward_o but_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o enstruct_v the_o child_n of_o prince_n in_o liberal_a science_n say_v agricola_n and_o to_o prefer_v the_o wit_n of_o the_o britain_n in_o study_n before_o the_o frenchmens_n that_o they_o which_o of_o late_o detest_a the_o roman_a tongue_n do_v now_o desire_n to_o be_v eloquent_a therein_o afterwards_o the_o majesty_n of_o our_o attire_n and_o our_o gown_n be_v common_o wear_v &_o by_o little_a and_o little_a they_o come_v to_o the_o imitation_n of_o our_o vice_n and_o superfluity_n as_o to_o have_v gallery_n bath_n and_o to_o use_v our_o nysenesse_n in_o feast_v which_o amongst_o the_o unskilful_a be_v term_v humanity_n when_o as_o in_o deed_n it_o be_v part_n of_o servility_n dion_n cassius_z a_o man_n that_o have_v be_v consul_n among_o other_o thing_n have_v leave_v this_o in_o write_v unto_o posterity_n of_o caesar_n expedition_n into_o britain_n the_o britain_n dare_v not_o set_v open_o upon_o the_o roman_n because_o they_o keep_v diligent_a watch_n and_o ward_n but_o they_o take_v certain_a which_o be_v send_v as_o it_o be_v unto_o their_o friend_n and_o confederate_n region_n to_o provide_v victual_n who_o they_o slay_v all_o except_v a_o few_o which_o caesar_n come_n with_o speed_n rescue_v then_o begin_v they_o to_o assault_v the_o camp_n wherein_o they_o prevail_v not_o but_o be_v repulse_v not_o without_o slaughter_n on_o their_o side_n howbeit_o they_o never_o take_v peace_n before_o that_o they_o have_v be_v many_o time_n put_v to_o the_o worst_a caesar_n contrary_a to_o that_o he_o
have_v purpose_v end_v the_o war_n require_v yet_o more_o pledge_n of_o who_o notwithstanding_o he_o receive_v but_o few_o so_o caesar_n return_v in_o to_o the_o continent_n &_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v unquiet_a during_o his_o absence_n he_o appease_v gain_v nothing_o to_o himself_o nor_o to_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n out_o of_o britain_n but_o only_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o expedition_n take_v in_o hand_n which_o both_o he_o himself_o do_v very_o much_o set_v forth_o in_o word_n and_o the_o roman_n extol_v wonderful_o at_o rome_n in_o so_o much_o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o these_o deed_n so_o happy_o atcheeve_v they_o decree_v a_o supplication_n or_o thanks_n give_n of_o twenty_o day_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o britain_n call_v forth_o their_o fellow_n and_o communicate_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o intent_n unto_o suella_n who_o amongst_o all_o the_o petiroye_n or_o earl_n of_o that_o island_n be_v of_o great_a power_n they_o march_v unto_o the_o roman_a ship_n 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unto_o britain_n for_o this_o man_n which_o be_v bring_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o bowel_n thereof_o all_o man_n do_v well_o know_v only_a polydorus_n except_v and_o william_n petit_n the_o monk_n his_o schoolmaster_n of_o late_o bring_v to_o light_n unworthy_a ever_o to_o have_v see_v light_a by_o the_o slanderer_n &_o detraâ—tours_n of_o the_o british_a glory_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o a_o certain_a frenchman_n of_o late_a day_n and_o also_o a_o ancient_a greek_a author_n of_o the_o name_n of_o mayor_n affirm_v that_o he_o be_v bear_v at_o dyrachium_n call_v now_o durazo_n i_o mean_v to_o bring_v forth_o the_o most_o ancient_a word_n of_o the_o panegyricus_n which_o be_v pronounce_v before_o constantinus_n himself_o oh_o say_v he_o most_o fortunate_a and_o now_o above_o all_o land_n most_o bless_a britain_n which_o do_v first_o behold_v constantinus_n the_o emperor_n nature_n have_v worthy_o endue_v thou_o with_o all_o benefit_n of_o air_n and_o soil_n in_o who_o be_v neither_o overmuch_o cold_a of_o winter_n nor_o heat_n of_o summer_n where_o there_o be_v also_o such_o plenty_n of_o corn_n that_o it_o suffice_v for_o the_o use_n of_o ceres_n and_o liber_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o bread_n and_o drink_v where_o be_v also_o wood_n without_o wild_a and_o cruel_a beast_n the_o earth_n without_o hurtful_a serpent_n contrariwise_o of_o tame_a cattle_n a_o innumerable_a multitude_n strut_v with_o milk_n and_o lade_v with_o fliese_n with_o all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a and_o commodious_a for_o our_o life_n very_o long_o day_n and_o no_o night_n without_o some_o light_n while_o that_o uttermost_a plain_n of_o the_o sea_n shore_n raise_v no_o shadow_n and_o the_o show_n and_o aspect_n of_o the_o star_n of_o heaven_n deo_fw-la exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o night_n that_o the_o sun_n which_o to_o we_o seem_v to_o go_v down_o appear_v there_o but_o to_o
pass_v by_o good_a lord_n what_o a_o thing_n be_v this_o that_o always_o from_o some_o furthermost_a end_n of_o the_o world_n there_o come_v down_o new_a power_n from_o god_n to_o be_v worship_v of_o all_o the_o earth_n thus_o far_o he_o what_o of_o bonosus_n out_o of_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o bound_n of_o rheticus_n a_o bonosus_n more_o courageous_a then_o fortunate_a emperor_n what_o of_o carausius_n augustus_n carausius_n who_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n together_o ware_z his_o princely_a robe_n contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o jovius_fw-la and_o herculius_n what_o of_o alectus_n caesar_n for_o subdue_v alectus_n who_o mamertinus_n seem_v to_o prefer_v maximianus_n before_o caesar_n julius_n who_o word_n i_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o allege_v and_o true_o say_v he_o &_o so_o forth_o after_o he_o spring_v the_o emperor_n maximus_n maximus_n a_o britain_n and_o nephew_n to_o helen_n a_o man_n both_o stout_a and_o virtuous_a and_o worthy_a of_o augustus_n but_o that_o in_o 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arthure_n king_n arthur_n who_o everlasting_a renoun_n and_o most_o noble_a deed_n our_o friend_n master_n leland_n have_v set_v forth_o and_o make_v more_o apparent_a by_o infinite_a testimony_n and_o most_o weighty_a argument_n against_o the_o gnar_a and_o doggysh_a mouth_n and_o hatred_n more_o than_o ever_o be_v vatinians_n of_o polydorus_n urbine_n and_o of_o the_o greasy_a monk_n rhicuallensis_fw-la more_o conversant_a in_o the_o kitchen_n then_o in_o the_o history_n of_o old_a writer_n and_o not_o only_o our_o countryman_n but_o also_o spayniarde_n italian_n frenchman_n and_o the_o sueones_n beyond_o the_o sea_n baltheum_fw-la as_o gothus_n report_v out_o of_o their_o history_n do_v celebrate_v and_o advance_v unto_o this_o day_n in_o their_o book_n the_o worthy_a act_n of_o this_o puissant_a king_n caduanne_v also_o who_o from_o prince_n of_o gwynedh_n become_v king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o his_o son_n cadwalla_n who_o bede_n call_v a_o tyrant_n because_o he_o persecute_v the_o saxon_n with_o cruel_a war_n whilst_o the_o british_a empire_n be_v in_o decay_v be_v valiant_a king_n and_o after_o the_o brityshe_a destruction_n there_o rise_v up_o noble_a gentleman_n in_o wales_n not_o to_o be_v debar_v of_o their_o due_a praise_n as_o roderick_n the_o great_a and_o his_o nephew_n by_o his_o great_a son_n howell_n surname_v good_a both_o famous_a as_o well_o in_o war_n as_o peace_n also_o gryffith_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelin_n the_o son_n of_o sesylâ—ius_n â–ª_o who_o most_o stout_o defend_v wales_n his_o native_a country_n and_o after_o he_o owayn_n prince_n of_o gwynedh_n who_o most_o hardly_o withstand_v at_o col_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o second_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o all_o that_o ever_o reign_v in_o england_n thrice_o enter_a into_o wales_n with_o great_a army_n who_o son_n also_o he_o slow_a in_o anglysey_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n as_o gyraldus_n report_v and_o his_o nephew_n likewise_o bear_v of_o his_o son_n lewelyn_n the_o great_a who_o innumerable_a triumph_n that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o parisiensis_fw-la the_o englishman_n do_v require_v special_a treatise_n and_o not_o these_o only_o but_o also_o the_o cornishmen_n cornishmen_n be_v the_o remnant_n of_o the_o old_a britain_n as_o they_o be_v the_o stout_a of_o all_o the_o british_a nation_n so_o be_v they_o count_v to_o this_o day_n the_o most_o valiant_a in_o warlike_a affair_n neither_o yet_o the_o france_n briton_n which_o dwell_v nigh_o france_n a_o nation_n of_o the_o same_o brood_n do_v any_o whit_n degenerate_a from_o their_o forefather_n when_o as_o they_o â–ª_o do_v not_o only_o many_o hundred_o year_n prosperous_o defend_v among_o the_o thick_a of_o stout_a &_o sturdy_a nation_n those_o seat_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v with_o their_o manhood_n and_o prowess_n but_o also_o have_v vanquish_v the_o goth_n and_o frenchman_n in_o great_a battle_n and_o stout_o withstand_v the_o most_o mighty_a prince_n charles_n the_o main_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o army_n of_o his_o son_n lewes_n the_o emperor_n which_o be_v send_v against_o they_o under_o conduct_n of_o murmanus_fw-la overcome_v charles_n caluus_fw-la then_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n in_o open_a fight_n twice_o vanquishing_n his_o army_n numenius_n be_v king_n the_o emperor_n privy_o fly_v thence_o leave_v there_o his_o pavilion_n and_o tent_n and_o all_o other_o his_o kinglike_a provision_n as_o regino_n write_v but_o herispous_a son_n to_o numenius_n compel_v the_o same_o charles_n to_o make_v shameful_a and_o dishonourable_a truce_n with_o he_o who_o solomon_n also_o son_n to_o herispous_a a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a gentleman_n enforce_v to_o retire_v back_o when_o he_o be_v come_v against_o he_o with_o a_o mighty_a army_n but_o when_o solomon_n be_v dead_a the_o dangerous_a briton_n through_o desire_n to_o reign_v and_o contention_n who_o shall_v next_o be_v king_n fall_v unto_o civil_a war_n among_o they_o self_n as_o sigisbertus_n say_v and_o so_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v of_o the_o destruction_n and_o over_o run_a of_o france_n which_o they_o have_v determine_v what_o shall_v i_o speak_v of_o the_o noble_a deed_n of_o vrfandus_fw-la a_o invincible_a captain_n haste_v against_o ha_a the_o norman_a and_o pastquitanus_fw-la the_o briton_n of_o judicaël_n also_o and_o alane_n who_o manful_o drive_v the_o norman_n out_o of_o their_o coast_n which_o pitiful_o waste_v and_o spoil_v all_o france_n what_o shall_v i_o need_v to_o touch_v such_o war_n as_o they_o make_v long_o after_o upon_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v therein_o aid_v by_o thâ—impregnable_a power_n of_o the_o englishman_n since_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o all_o man_n that_o it_o be_v always_o a_o most_o potent_a nation_n and_o that_o i_o may_v at_o length_n stop_v polydorus_n gyldas_n mouth_n together_o with_o his_o gyldas_n thus_o much_o i_o say_v that_o if_o he_o stick_v in_o any_o point_n unto_o he_o he_o be_v no_o historiographer_n but_o a_o priest_n and_o a_o preacher_n who_o custom_n be_v very_o sharp_o to_o inveigh_v against_o the_o fault_n of_o their_o hearer_n wherefore_o if_o we_o seek_v authority_n out_o of_o sermon_n as_o polydorus_n urbine_n have_v do_v what_o parish_n what_o town_n what_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n may_v escape_v infamy_n what_o have_v bernhard_n write_v of_o the_o roman_n thus_o sure_o term_v they_o impious_a unfaith_o full_a seditious_a dishonest_a traitorous_a great_a speaker_n but_o little_a doer_n these_o thing_n be_v by_o divine_n speak_v in_o the_o pulpit_n according_a unto_o their_o manner_n that_o the_o like_a fault_n may_v be_v amend_v and_o the_o life_n reform_v not_o that_o the_o roman_n or_o britain_n be_v such_o in_o deed_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o man_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o shameless_a sycophant_n that_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o all_o occasion_n to_o dispraise_v and_o accuse_v which_o will_v go_v about_o by_o wrest_a of_o sentence_n forth_o of_o the_o sermon_n of_o preacher_n sclaundrous_o to_o tax_v &_o infamous_o to_o note_v any_o whole_a covent_n shire_n city_n or_o people_n wherefore_o let_v such_o idle_a &_o ill_o dispose_v slanderer_n leave_v of_o and_o suffer_v the_o true_a renoun_n of_o britain_n appear_v to_o the_o world_n neither_o judge_v i_o good_a reader_n of_o two_o sharp_a a_o tongue_n see_v so_o god_n help_v i_o neither_o envy_n of_o any_o foreign_a name_n neither_o thirst_n of_o vain_a glory_n neither_o hatred_n of_o any_o nation_n but_o alone_a the_o love_n of_o my_o country_n which_o be_v evil_o speak_v of_o undeserved_o and_o desire_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o truth_n have_v provoke_v i_o to_o write_v thus_o much_o and_o touch_v this_o rude_a and_o disorder_v little_a treatise_n true_o i_o will_v not_o have_v suffer_v it_o to_o have_v come_v to_o light_n have_v i_o not_o well_o hope_v that_o all_o learned_a man_n will_v accept_v this_o my_o endeavour_n in_o good_a part_n and_o also_o take_v occasion_n by_o this_o