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country_n if_o happy_o there_o be_v any_o that_o desire_v to_o see_v their_o kinsfolk_n and_o friend_n spain_n to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v endure_v so_o much_o toil_n they_o may_v fortify_v their_o body_n and_o mind_n to_o endure_v new_a labour_n moreover_o he_o instruct_v his_o brother_n asdrubal_n by_o what_o mean_n if_o he_o be_v force_v to_o part_v out_o of_o the_o province_n he_o shall_v defend_v and_o govern_v spain_n against_o all_o the_o attempt_n of_o the_o roman_n then_o he_o send_v a_o great_a garrison_n into_o africa_n of_o man_n which_o he_o draw_v out_o of_o spain_n for_o he_o have_v cause_v soldier_n to_o come_v out_o of_o africa_n into_o spain_n make_v cunning_o this_o division_n of_o his_o man_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o african_n be_v there_o and_o the_o spaniard_n in_o africa_n they_o shall_v grow_v better_o by_o mutual_a obligation_n they_o which_o past_a into_o africa_n be_v thersites_n mastianes_n orite_n spaniard_n and_o olcades_n have_v appoint_v the_o 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a_o beast_n nor_o final_o any_o thing_n that_o hold_v of_o it_o believe_v i_o in_o time_n past_a man_n do_v not_o feed_v their_o understand_n with_o dream_n nor_o fable_n invent_v in_o barbers-shop_n without_o any_o colour_n of_o truth_n it_o be_v impossible_a a_o ignorant_a master_n shall_v make_v a_o learned_a disciple_n final_o they_o be_v discourse_n fit_a for_o old_a woman_n tongue_n to_o entertain_v little_a child_n while_o that_o for_o weakness_n of_o their_o age_n their_o understanding_n have_v no_o apprehension_n nor_o sufficient_a judgement_n of_o reason_n wherefore_o we_o may_v with_o reason_n say_v that_o such_o as_o consume_v their_o year_n and_o grow_v old_a in_o such_o dream_n have_v a_o will_n to_o continue_v still_o child_n and_o although_o they_o common_o say_v that_o war_n be_v manage_v by_o the_o eye_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v thereby_o infer_v that_o we_o must_v not_o think_v of_o it_o but_o when_o necessity_n do_v force_v we_o and_o that_o peace_n 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to_o god_n alone_o be_v all_o honour_n and_o glory_n the_o printer_n to_o the_o reader_n courteous_a reader_n i_o desire_v your_o charitable_a censure_n in_o that_o there_o be_v some_o literal_a fault_n escape_v to_o the_o grief_n of_o the_o author_n be_v not_o able_a to_o attend_v the_o press_n and_o likewise_o be_v absent_a at_o that_o time_n from_o london_n and_o have_v but_o a_o young_a corrector_n which_o take_v too_o much_o upon_o he_o errata_fw-la page_n 27._o line_n 21._o for_o report_n read_v support_v p._n 27._o l._n 9_o for_o wridgt_v r._n rig_v p._n 33._o l._n 28._o for_o ready_a the_o r._n ready_a for_o the_o p._n 34._o l._n 27._o for_o nor_o be_v r._n nor_o to_o be_v p._n 35._o l._n 39_o for_o they_o r_o then_o p._n 40._o l._n 19_o â—or_a yet_o begin_v r._n yet_o it_o begin_v p._n 45._o l._n 38._o for_o have_v be_v r._n have_v not_o be_v p._n 51._o l._n 44._o for_o hannibal_n r._n aâ—iâ—car_n p._n 62._o l._n 37._o for_o arcanian_n r._n acarnaniens_n p._n 68_o l._n 18._o for_o â—ssâ—ire_n r._n assiâ—_n p._n 79._o l._n 37._o rhine_n r._n rhosne_n p._n 105._o l._n 30._o r._n time_n to_o pass_v p._n 133._o l_o 7_o for_o and_o past_o r._n be_v past_a p._n 131._o l._n 4._o r_o stuffâ—_n their_o play_n p._n 132._o l._n 38._o r._n strike_v dead_a or_o hurt_n p._n 1â—5_n l._n 47._o r._n roman_n l._n 18._o r._n unto_o the_o adriatic_a p._n 177._o l_o 20._o r._n 〈◊〉_d as_o without_o p._n â—â—6_n l._n 43._o r._n in_o common_a assembly_n l._n 45._o r._n dancas_fw-la p._n 189._o l._n 12._o r._n raise_v his_o camp_n p._n 193._o l._n 44._o r._n do_v not_o open_o p._n 194._o l._n 15_o r._n create_v a_o king_n p._n 198_o l._n 9_o r._n with_o great_a ship_n p._n 220._o l._n 24._o r_o to_o bring_v he_o p._n 230._o l._n 40_o r._n not_o execute_v p._n 23â—_n l._n 28._o r._n against_o they_o p._n 240._o l._n 2._o 1._o no_o way_n p_o 246._o l._n 10._o r._n which_o the_o 〈◊〉_d p._n 249._o l._n 25._o bear_v away_o by_o the_o river_n abide_v l._n 38_o r._n be_v p._n 254._o l._n 44._o 1._o part_v from_o lydiâ—_n p._n 264._o l._n 3._o r._n as_o his_o p._n 266._o l._n 46._o r._n arrive_v p._n 267._o l._n 38._o r._n which_o ptolemy_n be_v p._n 274._o 134._o r._n of_o the_o phanâ—tensiâ—_n p._n 278._o l._n 6._o r._n great_a danger_n p._n 279._o l._n â—3_n r._n for_o all_o they_o which_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o polybius_n if_o the_o commendation_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o history_n have_v be_v omit_v by_o such_o as_o before_o we_o have_v write_v the_o worth_n and_o prowess_n of_o man_n happy_o it_o shall_v be_v necessary_a to_o use_v some_o argument_n to_o make_v it_o to_o be_v general_o accept_v and_o receive_v for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o way_n more_o easy_a to_o reform_v and_o better_a man_n than_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n past_a but_o see_v that_o not_o only_o some_o but_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o begin_v thereby_o and_o finish_v it_o ample_o so_o as_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o history_n be_v a_o 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wonder_v when_o as_o we_o speak_v of_o town_n of_o note_n if_o happy_o we_o seek_v for_o thing_n far_o off_o in_o that_o which_o we_o shall_v relate_v hereafter_o for_o we_o do_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o our_o beginning_n and_o ground_n may_v be_v such_o as_o they_o may_v plain_o understand_v the_o mean_n and_o reason_n by_o the_o which_o every_o city_n be_v come_v to_o the_o estate_n wherein_o it_o now_o stand_v the_o which_o we_o have_v do_v here_o of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v now_o time_n that_o in_o leave_v this_o discourse_n we_o return_v to_o our_o design_n in_o show_v first_o summary_o and_o brief_o the_o thing_n happen_v before_o the_o time_n whereof_o we_o mean_v principal_o to_o write_v among_o the_o which_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n in_o sicily_n be_v the_o first_o than_o follow_v the_o punic_a in_o the_o which_o the_o deed_n first_o of_o amilcar_n then_o of_o asdrubal_n be_v join_v with_o those_o of_o the_o carthaginian_n at_o what_o 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friend_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o to_o hate_v his_o enemy_n but_o he_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o write_v a_o history_n must_v use_v such_o thing_n with_o discretion_n sometime_o commend_v his_o enemy_n when_o their_o action_n require_v it_o and_o blame_v his_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n when_o their_o fault_n be_v blame_v worthy_a believe_v i_o as_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o beast_n which_o have_v the_o eye_n pulâ—_n out_o remain_v unprofitable_a so_o if_o truth_n be_v want_v in_o a_o history_n the_o discourse_n prove_v fruitless_a and_o therefore_o when_o occasion_n be_v offer_v he_o must_v not_o forbear_v to_o blame_v his_o friend_n nor_o to_o commend_v his_o enemy_n nor_o to_o hold_v it_o a_o dishonest_a thing_n to_o praise_v those_o who_o we_o have_v sometime_o blame_v neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o they_o of_o who_o we_o write_v have_v always_o do_v well_o or_o err_v continual_o we_o must_v therefore_o in_o leave_v the_o person_n judge_n and_o speak_v 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he_o relate_v also_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v in_o like_a sort_n amaze_v disperse_a themselves_o here_o and_o there_o throughout_o the_o town_n of_o sicily_n and_o that_o they_o dare_v never_o after_o that_o keep_v the_o field_n and_o that_o moreover_o the_o captain_n see_v their_o man_n discourage_v give_v advice_n that_o they_o shall_v no_o more_o run_v into_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o war_n nor_o hazard_v any_o thing_n he_o say_v moreover_o that_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n not_o only_o ruin_v their_o province_n and_o that_o of_o the_o saragossins_n but_o also_o lay_v siege_n to_o saragosse_n this_o speech_n be_v so_o far_o from_o reason_n as_o it_o be_v but_o lose_v time_n to_o seek_v to_o confute_v it_o for_o he_o pretend_v that_o they_o which_o besiege_v messina_n to_o who_o he_o give_v the_o victory_n present_o after_o abandon_v their_o camp_n and_o that_o they_o flee_v retire_v into_o the_o city_n with_o great_a fear_n and_o that_o 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carthaginian_n you_o shall_v often_o see_v philin_n in_o this_o error_n and_o fabin_n no_o less_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o many_o place_n wherefore_o to_o return_v where_o we_o leave_v we_o will_v use_v all_o possible_a endeavour_n to_o make_v the_o truth_n of_o our_o history_n clear_a and_o plain_a for_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o understand_v it_o after_o that_o the_o news_n of_o sicily_n be_v come_v to_o rome_n of_o the_o victory_n of_o appius_n and_o his_o man_n consul_n marcus_n valerius_n and_o octacilius_n be_v new_o choose_v consul_n they_o be_v send_v thither_o with_o all_o their_o roman_a power_n the_o roman_n have_v four_o legion_n in_o their_o army_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n legion_n beside_o the_o succour_n which_o they_o draw_v from_o their_o ally_n every_o legion_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n by_o this_o mean_n
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the_o elephant_n and_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o slay_v they_o all_o whereof_o the_o number_n be_v above_o forty_o thousand_o man_n amilcar_n this_o be_v near_o unto_o a_o place_n which_o they_o call_v serra_n for_o that_o it_o do_v resemble_v a_o instrument_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v sie_z this_o do_v the_o carthaginian_n who_o before_o seem_v to_o have_v lose_v all_o hope_n begin_v to_o assure_v themselves_o and_o to_o recover_v their_o courage_n and_o spirit_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n amilcar_n with_o hannibal_n and_o narave_a overran_a the_o country_n and_o the_o town_n of_o the_o province_n where_o have_v reduce_v the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n with_o the_o town_n they_o go_v and_o lay_v siege_n to_o tune_n and_o besiege_v matho_n with_o all_o his_o company_n hannibal_n lay_v on_o that_o side_n which_o lookâ—â—_n to_o carthage_n and_o amilcar_n be_v opposite_a unto_o he_o thither_o they_o bring_v spendius_n and_o his_o companion_n who_o be_v hang_v on_o a_o crosse._n matho_n see_v that_o hannibal_n make_v his_o retreat_n but_o bad_o and_o without_o order_n do_v not_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o lose_v this_o occasion_n wherefore_o he_o present_o give_v a_o charge_n and_o slay_v part_n matho_n the_o rest_n fly_v away_o final_o he_o spoil_v the_o camp_n and_o all_o the_o baggage_n hannibal_n himself_o be_v take_v who_o present_o they_o crucify_v in_o the_o place_n of_o spendius_n crucify_v after_o they_o have_v do_v he_o a_o thousand_o indignity_n moreover_o they_o slay_v thirty_o gentleman_n of_o carthage_n about_o the_o body_n of_o spendius_n most_o cruel_o by_o a_o power_n give_v they_o by_o fortune_n for_o a_o mutual_a revenge_n amilcar_n be_v not_o soon_o enough_o advertise_v of_o the_o enemy_n sally_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o two_o camp_n neither_o be_v it_o in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o relieve_v they_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o place_n wherefore_o leave_v tune_n and_o lead_v his_o army_n to_o 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the_o victory_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v in_o fight_v carthagiginians_n the_o rest_n which_o retire_v to_o the_o next_o town_n yield_v soon_o after_o to_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o regard_n of_o matho_n he_o be_v take_v alive_a they_o only_o of_o bisarthe_n and_o hippona_n find_v themselves_o guilty_a and_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o pardon_n and_o mercy_n continue_v obstinate_a in_o their_o rebellion_n see_v how_o a_o reasonable_a contentment_n have_v power_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o how_o much_o better_o it_o be_v not_o to_o affect_v and_o seek_v a_o thing_n which_o afterward_o be_v intolerable_a to_o another_o final_o after_o that_o amilcar_n and_o hanno_n begin_v to_o approach_v near_o unto_o they_o they_o have_v no_o more_o hope_n but_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v upon_o such_o condition_n as_o please_v the_o carthaginian_n thus_o end_v the_o war_n of_o africa_n but_o so_o happy_o for_o the_o carthaginian_n as_o they_o not_o only_o recover_v africa_n but_o 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the_o time_n understand_v well_o their_o own_o weakness_n to_o renew_v a_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v all_o occasion_n so_o as_o they_o leave_v the_o island_n unto_o they_o and_o moreover_o they_o pay_v unto_o the_o roman_n seven_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n to_o redeem_v the_o war_n thus_o matter_n pass_v at_o that_o time_n the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o polybius_n we_o have_v relate_v in_o the_o first_o book_n at_o what_o time_n the_o roman_n begin_v to_o invade_v foreign_a nation_n after_o they_o have_v pacify_v italy_n and_o â—ow_o they_o pass_v into_o sicily_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o they_o make_v war_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n aâ—_n what_o time_n also_o they_o begin_v first_o to_o put_v a_o army_n to_o sea_n and_o summary_o all_o the_o affair_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o war_n to_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o in_o the_o which_o final_o the_o carthaginian_n 〈◊〉_d sicily_n whereof_o the_o roman_n be_v absolute_a lord_n except_o those_o place_n which_o hieron_n king_n of_o saragosse_n hold_v we_o have_v subsequent_o set_v down_o how_o after_o the_o mutiny_n raise_v betwixt_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o their_o soldier_n the_o war_n be_v kindle_v which_o they_o call_v affricaine_n and_o what_o extremity_n and_o incredible_a cruelty_n be_v use_v and_o what_o the_o end_n be_v now_o we_o will_v endeavour_n to_o write_v in_o few_o word_n the_o accident_n which_o happen_v since_o touch_v every_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v propound_v in_o the_o beginning_n after_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v reduce_v africa_n to_o their_o obedience_n they_o send_v amilcar_n present_o into_o spain_n with_o aâ—_n army_n who_o part_v with_o all_o his_o troop_n and_o have_v his_o son_n hannibal_n with_o he_o about_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n pass_v beyond_o the_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o recover_v
they_o opportunity_n the_o elephant_n be_v very_o useful_a to_o the_o carthaginian_n for_o wheresoever_o they_o march_v the_o place_n be_v assure_v from_o enemy_n for_o that_o they_o dare_v not_o approach_v near_o they_o have_v not_o be_v accustom_v unto_o they_o on_o the_o nine_o day_n they_o come_v unto_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o there_o they_o plant_v their_o camp_n two_o day_n partly_o to_o refresh_v the_o soldier_n which_o be_v weary_a with_o toil_n and_o partly_o to_o retire_v those_o that_o be_v stray_v during_o which_o time_n many_o horse_n free_v from_o their_o burden_n and_o follow_v the_o rout_n of_o the_o army_n recover_v the_o campe._n those_o place_n be_v then_o full_a of_o snow_n for_o it_o be_v in_o november_n whereby_o the_o soldier_n grow_v in_o a_o manner_n into_o despair_n be_v tire_v and_o vex_v with_o so_o many_o cross_n the_o which_o hannibal_n perceive_v he_o draw_v they_o together_o resolve_v to_o make_v a_o speech_n unto_o they_o for_o the_o effect_n whereof_o he_o have_v but_o one_o occasion_n which_o be_v to_o show_v they_o italy_n so_o near_o soldier_n and_o the_o fertillity_n thereof_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v so_o near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o if_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v the_o hill_n seem_v to_o serve_v as_o rampire_n to_o italy_n and_o therefore_o he_o show_v it_o they_o from_o a_o high_a hill_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v see_v the_o whole_a extent_n the_o like_a he_o do_v of_o the_o plain_n about_o po_n lie_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n relate_v unto_o they_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o gaul_n inhabit_v those_o country_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o rome_n wherewith_o he_o revive_v their_o spirit_n three_o day_n after_o he_o begin_v to_o dislodge_v the_o enemy_n make_v no_o attempt_n against_o they_o but_o after_o a_o thieve_v manner_n yet_o he_o have_v no_o less_o loss_n at_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o bad_a country_n and_o the_o coldness_n of_o 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knee_n the_o horse_n of_o burden_n fall_v sometime_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o can_v not_o stir_v for_o that_o they_o be_v lade_v and_o can_v not_o retire_v their_o foot_n out_o of_o the_o ice_n then_o hannibal_n frustrate_v of_o his_o former_a hope_n for_o that_o the_o man_n and_o horse_n labour_v in_o vain_a plant_v his_o camp_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n have_v cleanse_v the_o place_n of_o great_a difficulty_n then_o he_o command_v they_o all_o to_o levile_v the_o way_n unto_o the_o rock_n where_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v the_o which_o be_v do_v with_o much_o toil_n when_o as_o the_o way_n be_v make_v in_o one_o day_n for_o the_o horse_n and_o sumpter_n he_o cause_v they_o present_o to_o pass_v seat_v his_o camp_n in_o those_o place_n that_o be_v without_o snow_n and_o there_o to_o feed_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o give_v charge_n to_o the_o numidian_n to_o make_v a_o way_n for_o the_o elephant_n the_o which_o be_v effect_v with_o great_a difficulty_n they_o be_v 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bold_o into_o the_o country_n about_o po_n and_o milan_n have_v yet_o remain_v about_o ten_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n african_n eight_o thousand_o spanriard_n and_o six_o thousand_o horse_n at_o the_o most_o this_o he_o testify_v in_o a_o pillar_n where_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o his_o army_n be_v set_v down_o at_o lavynium_fw-la at_o the_o same_o time_n publius_n cornelius_n scipio_n the_o consul_n have_v send_v his_o brother_n into_o spain_n to_o make_v head_n against_o asdrubal_n he_o sail_v to_o pysa_n with_o few_o man_n take_v his_o way_n through_o tuscany_n where_o he_o receive_v the_o army_n of_o the_o praetor_n manlius_n and_o attilius_n which_o they_o have_v against_o the_o bullonois_n and_o march_v direct_o to_o the_o river_n of_o po_n to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n before_o he_o have_v refresh_v himself_o see_v we_o have_v turn_v our_o discourse_n to_o the_o war_n of_o italy_n and_o to_o the_o commander_n of_o these_o two_o people_n we_o have_v think_v it_o good_a to_o deliver_v in_o few_o word_n some_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unfitting_a for_o a_o historiographer_n before_o we_o come_v to_o those_o which_o have_v be_v act_v in_o that_o province_n it_o may_v be_v some_o one_o will_v demand_v of_o i_o how_o it_o happen_v that_o see_v we_o have_v handle_v the_o affair_n of_o lybia_n and_o spain_n at_o large_a excuse_n yet_o we_o have_v not_o speak_v of_o hercules_n pillar_n nor_o of_o that_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o divide_v africa_n from_o europe_n nor_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o the_o great_a sea_n or_o ocean_n nor_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o depend_v thereon_o nor_o of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n &_o scotland_n nor_o likewise_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o tin_n gold_n and_o silver_n wherewith_o spain_n abound_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o ancient_a historiographer_n have_v speak_v many_o thing_n and_o diverse_a be_v of_o contrary_a opinion_n it_o be_v true_a we_o have_v not_o omit_v they_o as_o think_v that_o they_o be_v not_o fit_v for_o a_o history_n but_o we_o have_v do_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o our_o relation_n may_v not_o be_v divide_v nor_o divert_v the_o reader_n often_o from_o the_o order_n of_o the_o history_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v deliver_v with_o all_o possible_a truth_n in_o time_n and_o place_n and_o not_o out_o of_o season_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o marvel_v if_o in_o the_o follow_a book_n we_o pass_v on_o when_o we_o shall_v come_v to_o these_o passage_n for_o we_o do_v it_o of_o purpose_n and_o for_o the_o reason_n above_o mention_v if_o there_o be_v any_o one_o that_o desire_v to_o hear_v they_o at_o every_o passage_n he_o may_v well_o be_v compare_v to_o
see_v that_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n consist_v in_o the_o footman_n he_o thrust_v into_o the_o hot_a of_o the_o battle_n whee_fw-mi in_o fight_v he_o give_v courage_n to_o the_o horseman_n hannâ—â—al_n the_o which_o hannibal_n do_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o numidian_n of_o the_o left_a wing_n with_o all_o their_o horseman_n fall_v upon_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o neither_o do_v nor_o suffer_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v worthy_a of_o memory_n so_o equal_a be_v the_o two_o troop_n both_o in_o force_n and_o courage_n yet_o they_o make_v the_o roman_n unprofitable_a scatter_v they_o here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n asdrubal_n go_v to_o aid_v and_o succour_v the_o african_n with_o the_o horseman_n of_o the_o left_a wing_n asdrubal_n the_o which_o the_o horseman_n of_o the_o roman_a ally_n perceive_v they_o present_o turn_v head_n asdrubal_n see_v this_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o wise_a and_o discreet_a captain_n and_o 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keep_v thou_o on_o lest_o thou_o make_v this_o battle_n doleful_a through_o the_o death_n of_o a_o consul_n without_o the_o which_o there_o be_v cause_n enough_o of_o mourning_n and_o weep_v whereunto_o the_o consul_n answer_v lentuâ—â—s_n caius_n cornelius_n increase_v thou_o in_o virtue_n but_o beware_v lest_o while_o thou_o do_v bewail_v this_o accident_n thou_o find_v little_a time_n to_o escape_v thyself_o go_v therefore_o and_o bid_v the_o senate_n make_v strong_a the_o wall_n of_o rome_n and_o to_o fortify_v it_o with_o succour_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v and_o tell_v quintus_fw-la fabius_n secret_o that_o lucius_n emilius_n paulus_n do_v constant_o remember_v his_o precept_n live_v in_o they_o and_o will_v die_v in_o they_o and_o i_o pray_v thou_o suffer_v i_o to_o pass_v this_o life_n among_o these_o my_o dead_a knight_n lest_o by_o long_a living_n i_o become_v a_o accuser_n of_o my_o fellow_n defend_v my_o innocence_n by_o the_o trespass_n of_o another_o and_o yet_o at_o length_n die_v be_v hold_v guilty_a of_o this_o action_n the_o roman_n hold_v still_o good_a in_o so_o long_a and_o furious_a a_o battle_n be_v in_o the_o end_n all_o slay_v battle_n among_o the_o which_o die_v the_o consul_n of_o the_o precedent_a year_n marcus_n attilius_n and_o cneius_n servilius_n brave_a man_n and_o worthy_a of_o the_o roman_a name_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o numidian_n overtake_v the_o horseman_n which_o flee_v whereof_o they_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n and_o dismount_v the_o rest_n some_o retire_v to_o venusium_n among_o the_o which_o be_v the_o consul_n varro_n horse_n who_o life_n be_v base_a and_o his_o command_n unprofitable_a for_o his_o country_n behold_v the_o end_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n so_o famous_a as_o well_o for_o the_o victor_n as_o the_o vanquish_a whereof_o the_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o of_o six_o thousand_o roman_a horse_n there_o escape_v but_o threescore_o and_o ten_o to_o venusium_n with_o varro_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n about_o three_o hundred_o scatter_a here_o and_o there_o alive_a who_o flee_v to_o the_o neighbour_n townes_n and_o as_o for_o the_o band_n of_o foot_n the_o enemy_n take_v about_o ten_o thousand_o alive_a so_o as_o there_o hardly_o escape_v three_o thousand_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o number_n of_o threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n battle_n the_o carthaginian_n get_v not_o the_o victory_n without_o loss_n there_o be_v slay_v about_o four_o thousand_o gaul_n fifteen_o hundred_o affricains_n and_o spaniard_n and_o two_o hundred_o horse_n loss_n the_o roman_n which_o be_v take_v alive_a be_v not_o in_o the_o battle_n for_o varro_n have_v leave_v ten_o thousand_o man_n in_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o hannibal_n lead_v forth_o all_o his_o army_n to_o fight_v that_o in_o assail_a the_o enemy_n camp_n while_o they_o be_v otherwise_o busy_a they_o may_v spoil_v the_o carthaginian_n munition_n and_o if_o hannibal_n leave_v a_o sufficient_a garrison_n for_o the_o camp_n than_o his_o force_n will_v be_v the_o less_o for_o the_o roman_n be_v strong_a in_o number_n of_o men._n behold_v the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v take_v hannibal_n have_v leave_v a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o his_o camp_n to_o guard_v it_o but_o when_o as_o the_o roman_n see_v the_o battle_n grow_v hot_a they_o go_v unto_o the_o camp_n as_o they_o have_v resolve_v to_o besiege_v it_o the_o carthaginian_n defend_v themselves_o but_o for_o that_o the_o roman_n charge_v they_o furious_o they_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v the_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n hannibal_n have_v get_v a_o absolute_a victory_n fall_v upon_o those_o which_o assail_v his_o camp_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n shut_v they_o up_o within_o their_o fort_n of_o who_o he_o slay_v two_o thousand_o and_o take_v the_o rest_n the_o numidian_n on_o the_o other_o side_n bring_v unto_o hannibal_n the_o roman_a horseman_n who_o fly_v be_v disperse_v in_o the_o field_n thus_o after_o the_o battle_n end_v neither_o of_o they_o be_v deceive_v in_o their_o expectation_n hannibal_n for_o present_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v master_n of_o the_o province_n which_o they_o call_v great_a greece_n so_o as_o tarent_n capua_n and_o naples_n come_v under_o their_o obedience_n and_o all_o the_o town_n waver_v for_o hannibal_n neither_o be_v he_o out_o of_o hope_n to_o take_v rome_n speedy_o final_o the_o roman_n whole_o despair_v of_o the_o empire_n of_o italy_n be_v in_o fear_v not_o only_o of_o their_o own_o ruin_n but_o also_o of_o the_o whole_a country_n expect_v hourly_o their_o cruel_a enemy_n at_o the_o wall_n of_o rome_n the_o city_n be_v thus_o trouble_v news_n to_o the_o end_n the_o measure_n of_o their_o misery_n may_v be_v full_a come_v from_o gaul_n of_o the_o defeat_n of_o lucius_n postumus_n the_o praetor_n gaul_n with_o his_o army_n by_o a_o ambush_n yet_o the_o senate_n involue_v in_o so_o many_o misery_n make_v a_o good_a show_n advise_v the_o people_n to_o fortify_v the_o city_n with_o man_n and_o to_o consider_v of_o their_o affair_n with_o courage_n and_o constancy_n the_o which_o the_o thing_n which_o succeed_v afterward_o do_v verify_v for_o be_v now_o vanquish_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o seem_v to_o acquit_v unto_o they_o the_o glory_n of_o arm_n within_o short_a time_n after_o by_o the_o constancy_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o the_o council_n and_o wisdom_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o come_v after_o they_o have_v vanquish_v and_o ruin_v the_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o italy_n but_o also_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o therefore_o we_o will_v conclude_v this_o book_n and_o likewise_o the_o action_n of_o spain_n and_o italy_n which_o be_v during_o the_o hundred_o and_o forty_o olimpiade_n and_o when_o we_o shall_v come_v to_o those_o of_o greece_n during_o the_o same_o olimpiade_n we_o will_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n for_o i_o hold_v it_o not_o only_o necessary_a for_o the_o reader_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o history_n but_o also_o profitable_a to_o correct_v and_o govern_v a_o commonwealth_n the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n of_o polybius_n the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o polybius_n we_o have_v in_o my_o opinion_n sufficient_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o second_o punique_fw-la war_n in_o this_o last_o book_n and_o then_o the_o descent_n of_o hannibal_n into_o italy_n we_o have_v also_o relate_v many_o combat_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n unto_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v fight_v near_o unto_o the_o river_n of_o fante_fw-la and_o the_o town_n of_o cannes_n now_o we_o will_v pursue_v the_o war_n of_o greece_n of_o the_o same_o time_n deliver_v in_o few_o word_n the_o thing_n mention_v by_o we_o in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o preparation_n of_o our_o
gaul_n from_o tread_v aswell_o cut_v off_o their_o victual_n as_o disappoint_v their_o design_n the_o gaul_n have_v take_v the_o town_n of_o arisbe_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o abideniens_fw-la seek_v to_o surprise_v all_o their_o neighbour_n against_o who_o prusias_n be_v send_v with_o a_o army_n gaul_n and_o give_v they_o battle_n he_o defeat_v they_o kill_v woman_n and_o child_n without_o any_o regard_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n and_o abandon_v the_o spoil_n of_o their_o camp_n to_o his_o soldier_n by_o this_o mean_v hellesponte_n be_v free_v from_o great_a fear_n leave_v for_o the_o future_a a_o good_a example_n to_o barbarian_n not_o to_o pass_v so_o easy_o out_o of_o europe_n into_o asia_n these_o thing_n be_v do_v at_o that_o time_n in_o greece_n and_o asia_n in_o regard_n of_o italy_n many_o town_n yield_v to_o the_o carthaginian_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannes_n final_o we_o will_v make_v a_o end_n here_o of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o time_n see_v we_o have_v sufficient_o show_v in_o what_o estate_n asia_n and_o greece_n be_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o forty_o olympiade_n and_o have_v brief_o relate_v they_o in_o the_o follow_a book_n we_o will_v turn_v our_o discourse_n to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o we_o have_v resolve_v in_o the_o beginning_n the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o book_n of_o polybius_n the_o six_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o polybius_n concern_v the_o diverse_a form_n of_o government_n the_o declaration_n have_v be_v easy_a by_o the_o which_o the_o action_n past_a be_v relate_v and_o the_o judgement_n give_v of_o the_o future_a touch_v the_o frequent_a increase_n of_o the_o grecian_n commonweal_n and_o how_o again_o they_o have_v many_o time_n feel_v a_o total_a alteration_n we_o may_v without_o any_o trouble_n deliver_v thing_n know_v and_o easy_o conjecture_v of_o the_o future_a by_o the_o precedent_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o present_a for_o the_o variety_n of_o their_o government_n or_o to_o foretell_v the_o future_a for_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o action_n which_o as_o proper_a to_o that_o nation_n have_v be_v in_o old_a time_n decide_v in_o public_a and_o in_o private_a wherefore_o if_o any_o one_o will_v exact_o know_v the_o diversity_n he_o have_v need_n of_o a_o excellent_a judgement_n and_o consideration_n of_o action_n it_o be_v true_a that_o they_o which_o by_o instruction_n will_v make_v we_o know_v thing_n propound_v three_o kind_n of_o government_n call_v the_o first_o a_o royalty_n the_o second_o aristocracia_n and_o the_o three_o democracia_n government_n yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n we_o may_v with_o reason_n doubt_n of_o these_o thing_n whither_o they_o propound_v they_o unto_o we_o sole_o or_o better_a than_o the_o other_o for_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o either_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o that_o government_n shall_v be_v hold_v the_o best_a which_o be_v compose_v of_o all_o the_o aforesaid_a property_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v proof_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n but_o also_o in_o effect_n for_o that_o lycurgus_n have_v first_o establish_v the_o lacedaemonian_n commonwealth_n in_o that_o manner_n neither_o must_v we_o think_v that_o these_o government_n be_v alone_o for_o we_o have_v see_v some_o monarchiall_a and_o tyrrannous_a who_o although_o they_o differ_v much_o from_o a_o royal_a yet_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v something_o common_a with_o they_o the_o which_o our_o monarch_n imagine_v usurp_v with_o all_o their_o power_n the_o name_n of_o king_n moreover_o the_o olygarchicall_a commonweal_n which_o have_v be_v in_o great_a number_n seem_v to_o have_v some_o correspondency_n with_o the_o aristocratical_a although_o they_o differ_v much_o the_o like_a we_o must_v judge_v of_o a_o democracy_n and_o to_o prove_v it_o true_a it_o will_v be_v apparent_a hereby_o we_o must_v not_o hold_v a_o monarchy_n for_o a_o reign_n but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v voluntary_a monarchy_n and_o govern_v more_o by_o a_o common_a consent_n then_o by_o fear_n and_o violence_n neither_o must_v we_o hold_v every_o olygarchy_n for_o aristocracy_n but_o that_o only_a which_o according_a to_o the_o election_n be_v manage_v by_o the_o wife_a and_o best_a man_n aristocracy_n neither_o must_v that_o be_v allow_v for_o a_o democracy_n where_o as_o all_o the_o commons_o have_v power_n to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v and_o pleaseâ—_n but_o where_o as_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o use_n be_v to_o honour_v the_o god_n to_o do_v good_a unto_o their_o parent_n to_o reverence_v old_a man_n and_o to_o obey_v the_o law_n then_o they_o will_v call_v a_o commonweal_n democraticall_a democracy_n when_o as_o the_o commons_o shall_v accept_v of_o that_o which_o many_o allow_v of_o wherefore_o we_o must_v say_v that_o there_o be_v six_o kind_n of_o government_n we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o three_o common_a to_o all_o the_o world_n the_o other_o three_o be_v near_o unto_o they_o government_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o monarchy_n olygarchy_n and_o ochlocracy_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v a_o monarchy_n rise_v natural_o without_o any_o establishment_n from_o whence_o do_v grow_v a_o royal_a government_n fear_n by_o order_n and_o good_a direction_n but_o when_o the_o royal_a change_v into_o its_o neighbour_n vice_n as_o into_o tyranny_n then_o by_o the_o abollish_v thereof_o a_o aristocracy_n take_v its_o be_v the_o which_o natural_o change_v into_o olygarchia_n and_o when_o the_o commons_o revenge_v with_o fury_n the_o governors_n injustice_n then_o grow_v a_o democracia_n for_o the_o outrage_n and_o iniquity_n whereof_o in_o time_n it_o prove_v a_o ochlocracia_n a_o man_n may_v understand_v that_o these_o thing_n plain_o which_o i_o have_v say_v be_v true_a people_n if_o he_o know_v the_o beginning_n and_o the_o change_n of_o every_o government_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n for_o whosoever_o shall_v consider_v either_o of_o they_o a_o part_n and_o how_o they_o grow_v may_v also_o judge_v of_o their_o increase_n force_n and_o alteration_n and_o when_o and_o how_o the_o one_o end_n in_o the_o other_o i_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o disputation_n and_o exposition_n agree_v well_o with_o the_o roman_a government_n for_o that_o by_o a_o certain_a course_n of_o nature_n it_o have_v take_v from_o the_o beginning_n its_o institution_n and_o increase_n peradventure_o these_o alteration_n and_o change_n of_o government_n from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o be_v more_o exact_o handle_v by_o plato_n and_o some_o other_o philosopher_n but_o for_o that_o they_o be_v dispute_v by_o they_o in_o many_o and_o diverse_a manner_n it_o happen_v that_o few_o man_n understand_v they_o wherefore_o we_o will_v endeavour_n to_o comprehend_v they_o and_o set_v they_o down_o by_o certain_a article_n so_o as_o according_a to_o our_o opinion_n they_o may_v be_v of_o consequence_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o history_n and_o all_o man_n understanding_n and_o if_o there_o be_v find_v for_o the_o present_a some_o defect_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o general_a and_o universal_a declaration_n the_o reason_n which_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o deliver_v in_o particular_a will_v repair_v it_o what_o principle_n then_o shall_v i_o assign_v for_o government_n from_o whence_o shall_v i_o say_v they_o take_v their_o first_o growth_n and_o be_v when_o mortality_n fall_v upon_o mankind_n by_o inundation_n of_o water_n governement_n or_o by_o pestifferous_a calamity_n or_o by_o barrenness_n of_o the_o land_n or_o by_o other_o such_o like_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v understand_v have_v be_v and_o in_o reason_n may_v often_o be_v hereafter_o all_o institution_n and_o art_n be_v then_o lose_v and_o when_o again_o the_o multitude_n of_o man_n have_v by_o succession_n of_o time_n take_v increase_n as_o it_o be_v from_o some_o remainder_n of_o seed_n and_o that_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o nature_n they_o gather_v together_o even_o as_o of_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v reasonable_a other_o creature_n do_v according_a to_o their_o kind_n it_o be_v then_o necessary_a that_o he_o obtain_v the_o principallity_n and_o empire_n which_o be_v of_o great_a force_n of_o body_n and_o of_o most_o understanding_n the_o which_o we_o see_v happen_v in_o other_o kind_n of_o bruit_n beast_n which_o we_o must_v hold_v for_o a_o most_o certain_a work_n of_o nature_n among_o the_o which_o we_o see_v the_o strong_a and_o of_o most_o spirit_n march_v before_o as_o bull_n stag_n cock_n and_o such_o like_a it_o be_v therefore_o likely_a that_o a_o principallity_n be_v of_o that_o kind_n and_o that_o the_o course_n of_o man_n life_n be_v so_o govern_v assemble_v together_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o beast_n and_o follow_v those_o which_o be_v the_o most_o strong_a and_o powerful_a to_o who_o force_n be_v the_o end_n of_o their_o principallity_n monarchy_n
market_n place_n without_o arm_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o youth_n they_o go_v up_o and_o down_o the_o city_n cry_v liberty_n advise_v and_o persuade_v the_o citizen_n to_o rest_v assure_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v there_o for_o their_o good_a but_o all_o the_o tarentin_o which_o hold_v the_o roman_n party_n be_v advertise_v of_o this_o action_n retire_v to_o the_o fort_n the_o rest_n assemble_v without_o arm_n at_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o trumpet_n to_o who_o hannibal_n speak_v gracious_o when_o the_o tarentin_o have_v general_o conceive_v by_o his_o speech_n and_o unexpected_a hope_n he_o send_v many_o of_o they_o away_o give_v they_o charge_n at_o their_o return_n to_o be_v careful_a to_o write_v the_o name_n of_o the_o tarentin_o upon_o their_o door_n and_o if_o by_o fortune_n or_o chance_v any_o one_o do_v it_o to_o a_o roman_n house_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n wherefore_o he_o make_v choice_n of_o man_n accustom_v unto_o this_o charge_n and_o send_v they_o present_o to_o spoil_v the_o roman_n house_n will_v they_o to_o hold_v and_o maintain_v the_o tarentin_o lodging_n for_o enemy_n which_o have_v not_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o tarentine_n final_o he_o keep_v the_o rest_n in_o battle_n to_o succour_v the_o other_o when_o he_o have_v draw_v together_o great_a store_n of_o good_n by_o this_o spoil_n and_o that_o the_o commodity_n answer_v the_o conceive_a hope_n of_o the_o tarentin_o come_v to_o good_a they_o then_o return_v to_o arm_n the_o day_n follow_v hannibal_n hold_v a_o council_n with_o the_o tarentin_o decree_v to_o separate_v the_o city_n from_o the_o fort_n and_o to_o fortify_v it_o to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o in_o fear_n of_o the_o roman_n hold_v the_o fort._n wherefore_o he_o begin_v first_o to_o fortify_v the_o city_n with_o pallisadoe_n right_a against_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v before_o the_o fort._n and_o know_v that_o the_o enemy_n will_v stir_v and_o make_v some_o attempt_n he_o appoint_v sufficient_a force_n think_v that_o for_o the_o future_a there_o will_v be_v nothing_o more_o necessary_a to_o amaze_v the_o roman_n and_o to_o assure_v the_o tarentin_o when_o as_o they_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o their_o impalement_n and_o that_o the_o roman_n assail_v their_o enemy_n with_o great_a confidence_n courage_n and_o resolution_n hannibal_n fight_v with_o they_o a_o little_a provoke_v they_o to_o the_o combat_n carthaginian_n but_o when_o as_o many_o of_o they_o past_a beyond_o the_o hill_n he_o give_v courage_n to_o his_o man_n encounter_v the_o enemy_n when_o the_o combat_n grow_v hot_a as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v in_o a_o straight_a place_n environ_v with_o wall_n the_o roman_n in_o the_o end_n be_v rough_o repulse_v give_v back_o so_o as_o many_o of_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o numidian_n hand_n final_o the_o great_a part_n be_v repulse_v and_o fall_v into_o the_o ditch_n die_v after_o this_o hannibal_n fortify_v the_o city_n with_o pallisadoe_n without_o danger_n and_o have_v do_v all_o thing_n to_o his_o like_n he_o be_v at_o quiet_a he_o likewise_o force_v the_o enemy_n to_o remain_v shut_v up_o in_o their_o fort_n in_o fear_n not_o only_o of_o themselves_o but_o also_o of_o the_o fort._n in_o regard_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o have_v so_o puff_v up_o their_o courage_n as_o they_o hold_v themselves_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o roman_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n afterward_o hannibal_n leave_v some_o little_a space_n from_o the_o palisado_n towards_o the_o city_n he_o make_v a_o ditch_n answer_v the_o palisado_n and_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o fort_n from_o whence_o some_o time_n there_o be_v soldier_n draw_v unto_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n moreover_o have_v pallisadoe_v this_o ditch_n this_o fortification_n prove_v not_o less_o strong_a than_o a_o wall_n beside_o the_o which_o within_o towards_o the_o city_n leave_v a_o reasonable_a space_n he_o begin_v a_o wall_n from_o that_o part_n which_o they_o call_v the_o saviour_n unto_o that_o which_o they_o call_v deep_o so_o as_o without_o any_o garrison_n these_o fortification_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v the_o tarentin_o to_o dwell_v in_o safety_n leave_v then_o a_o sufficient_a garrison_n of_o horse_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o city_n and_o wall_n erota_n he_o plant_v his_o camp_n forty_o furlong_n from_o the_o city_n near_o the_o river_n which_o some_o call_v gallea_n other_o erota_n which_o name_n it_o have_v take_v from_o that_o other_o river_n pass_v near_o unto_o lacedaemon_n which_o they_o likewise_o call_v erota_n the_o tarentin_o in_o truth_n have_v many_o such_o as_o well_o in_o the_o country_n as_o in_o the_o city_n for_o that_o undoubted_o they_o have_v take_v their_o colony_n and_o race_n from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o wall_n be_v finish_v and_o end_v aswell_o by_o the_o diligence_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o tarentin_o as_o the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n hannibal_n resolve_v to_o overthrow_v the_o fort._n and_o when_o he_o have_v prepare_v and_o make_v all_o thing_n ready_a for_o the_o siege_n the_o roman_n have_v receive_v into_o the_o fort_n succour_v by_o sea_n from_o metaponcia_n they_o be_v something_o refresh_v and_o comfort_v and_o in_o the_o night_n assail_v hannibal_n engine_n ruine_v they_o all_o with_o their_o preparation_n this_o make_v hannibal_n to_o despair_v of_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o fort._n and_o when_o the_o city_n wall_n be_v make_v perfect_a he_o assemble_v the_o tarentin_o and_o let_v they_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o be_v master_n of_o the_o sea_n tarentin_o against_o the_o discommodity_n of_o the_o present_a time_n but_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o port_n be_v in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o fort_n it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o help_v themselves_o with_o ship_n at_o their_o pleasure_n or_o go_v out_o of_o the_o port_n where_o as_o the_o roman_n have_v all_o necessary_n bring_v unto_o they_o safe_o so_o as_o the_o city_n shall_v never_o enjoy_v a_o perfect_a freedom_n and_o liberty_n hannibal_n consider_v this_o he_o let_v the_o tarentin_o understand_v that_o if_o they_o which_o hold_v the_o fort_n lose_v the_o hope_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o will_v present_o yield_v it_o to_o they_o the_o which_o the_o tarentin_o hearing_n they_o allow_v of_o his_o speech_n but_o they_o can_v not_o at_o that_o time_n effect_v it_o unless_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n army_n the_o which_o can_v not_o then_o be_v do_v wherefore_o they_o can_v not_o conceive_v whereto_o hannibal_n tend_v propound_v these_o thing_n and_o when_o he_o maintain_v that_o they_o may_v well_o be_v master_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n they_o wonder_v more_o not_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v his_o conception_n when_o he_o have_v view_v the_o place_n within_o the_o wall_n from_o the_o port_n unto_o the_o outward_a sea_n he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o ship_n may_v sail_v close_o unto_o the_o wall_n towards_o the_o south_n when_o he_o have_v give_v this_o advice_n unto_o the_o tarentin_o they_o not_o only_o embrace_v it_o sudden_o but_o commend_v hannibal_n wonderful_o present_o after_o they_o have_v make_v wheel_n they_o prepare_v a_o way_n for_o ship_n which_o be_v soon_o do_v then_o speak_v for_o that_o affection_n and_o the_o multitude_n of_o workman_n prevail_v much_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o tarentin_o past_o their_o ship_n into_o the_o open_a sea_n and_o safe_o besiege_v those_o of_o the_o fort_n who_o receive_v their_o succour_n from_o abroad_o in_o regard_n of_o hannibal_n leave_v the_o city_n he_o raise_v his_o camp_n and_o return_v three_o day_n after_o to_o the_o palisado_n which_o he_o have_v make_v in_o the_o beginning_n he_o stay_v to_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o winter_n a_o parcel_n of_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o polybius_n behold_v the_o most_o renown_a and_o excellent_a action_n comprehend_v under_o the_o aforesaid_a olympiade_n and_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o year_n which_o it_o contain_v of_o which_o we_o will_v endeavour_v to_o speak_v of_o in_o two_o book_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o our_o commentary_n have_v be_v something_o rough_a and_o that_o they_o be_v please_v to_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o auditor_n and_o blame_v by_o other_o in_o truth_n other_o historiographer_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n help_v themselves_o with_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o history_n draw_v many_o man_n to_o the_o read_n of_o their_o commentary_n the_o manner_n to_o discourse_n of_o genealogy_n cause_v a_o desire_n to_o hear_v that_o also_o which_o speak_v of_o colony_n voyage_n possession_n and_o race_n which_o please_v a_o curious_a man_n of_o little_a judgement_n as_o that_o of_o ephorus_n
sclavonian_n against_o the_o epirote_n a_o reprehension_n of_o the_o epirote_n some_o gaul_n banish_v theirâ—_n country_n for_o their_o disloyalty_n the_o illirian_o be_v sclavonian_n the_o roman_n embassy_n to_o teuca_n queen_n of_o sclavonia_n a_o bold_a answer_n of_o a_o ambassador_n durazo_n surprise_v by_o the_o sclavonians_n corsue_v besiege_v by_o the_o sclavonian_n a_o victory_n of_o the_o sclavonian_n against_o the_o acheins_n corfu_n yield_v corfu_n yield_v to_o the_o roman_n apolonia_n yield_v to_o the_o roman_n parthenia_n yield_v to_o the_o roman_n a_o accord_n make_v with_o tâ—uca_n carthagena_n build_v in_o spain_n by_o the_o carthaginian_n a_o treaty_n make_v betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginians_n a_o description_n of_o italy_n the_o fertillity_n of_o ital._n about_o three_o penny_n a_o pâ—ice_n hard_a to_o be_v credit_v the_o turinois_n and_o agoniens_n the_o genovois_n the_o poe._n volane_fw-mi padova_n bodencus_n the_o venetiens_n come_v from_o paphlagoniâ—_n the_o gaul_n manner_n of_o live_v rome_n take_v by_o the_o gaul_n the_o gault_n return_v against_o the_o roman_n pillage_v make_v by_o the_o gaul_n upon_o the_o roman_n diverse_a victory_n of_o the_o gäule_n against_o the_o roman_n a_o defeat_n and_o ruin_n of_o the_o senogallois_n by_o the_o roman_n the_o situation_n of_o senogallia_n the_o bolonian_o defeat_v by_o the_o roman_n a_o defeat_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o delphos_n king_n etas_n and_o gastus_fw-la slay_v the_o occasion_n to_o renew_v the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o gaul_n the_o gaul_n be_v seven_o month_n within_o rome_n amazement_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o gaul_n a_o descent_n of_o the_o transalpins_n into_o italy_n the_o number_n of_o the_o gaul_n army_n the_o diligence_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o preparation_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v for_o war_n the_o number_n of_o soldier_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o italy_n tuscany_n ruin_v by_o the_o gaul_n the_o policy_n of_o the_o gaul_n a_o victory_n of_o the_o gaul_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o advice_n of_o aneâ—oeste_n the_o retreat_n of_o 〈◊〉_d gaul_n the_o pursuit_n of_o emilius_n caius_n attilius_n the_o order_n of_o the_o gaul_n battle_n caius_n attilius_n slay_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o footman_n the_o defeat_n of_o the_o forlorn_a hope_n of_o the_o gaul_n the_o arm_n which_o the_o gaul_n do_v use_v a_o defeat_n of_o the_o gaul_n army_n the_o take_n of_o king_n congâ—llitane_n the_o death_n of_o king_n aneroeste_n the_o bolonian_o country_n spoyâ—led_v the_o boloniansâ—_n yield_v to_o the_o roman_n the_o army_n of_o the_o milannois_n the_o uneasinesse_n of_o the_o gaul_n sword_n a_o victory_n of_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o millannois_n the_o gessates_n dwell_v on_o this_o side_n the_o rhâ—ne_n acerra_n besiege_v clâ—stidium_n besiege_v a_o defeat_n of_o the_o gaul_n by_o the_o roman_n acerra_n take_v by_o cornelius_n the_o grecian_n terrify_v by_o the_o gault_n asdrubal_n slay_v all_o morâ—a_n reduce_v into_o â—_o league_n the_o name_n of_o the_o acheiâ—s_v well_o entertain_v in_o morea_n the_o pythà gorians_n burn_v in_o italy_n the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o thebains_n arate_fw-la a_o league_n betwixt_o the_o dymensorin_n and_o they_o of_o patra_fw-la tisamenes_n sygus_n the_o alliance_n of_o twelve_o city_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o league_n iseas_n king_n geryneâ—_n arate_fw-la the_o fort_n of_o corinthe_n take_v by_o arate_fw-la lysidas_n aristomacus_n xenon_n cleomines_fw-la the_o envy_n of_o the_o etolienâ—_n against_o the_o acheins_n antigonus_n tutor_n to_o phiâ—ips_n son_n athenes_n the_o cleomenique_fw-la war_n a_o good_a consideration_n of_o arate_fw-la the_o nature_n of_o king_n nicophanes_n cercides_n a_o good_a invention_n of_o arate_fw-la the_o foresight_n of_o arate_fw-la diverse_a defeat_v of_o the_o achâ—â—â—_n acrocâ—rinthe_n yield_v to_o antigonus_n revolt_v of_o aripote_n of_o argos_n argos_n take_v by_o the_o acheins_n acrocorinthe_n take_v by_o antigonus_n tegee_n yield_v unto_o antigonus_n orchomene_n take_v with_o other_o town_n megalopolin_n raze_v thearce_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o historiographer_n what_o be_v require_v in_o a_o tragedy_n the_o revolt_n of_o the_o mantiniens_n the_o courteous_a usage_n of_o arate_fw-la to_o the_o mantinienâ—_n the_o great_a villainy_n commit_v by_o the_o mantinienâ—_n the_o mantiniens_n sold._n aristâ—macus_n the_o cruelty_n of_o aristomacus_n aristoâ—acus_n strangle_v the_o great_a 〈…〉_z megalopolitain_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o booty_n be_v due_a to_o the_o general_n the_o pillage_n of_o mantinia_n come_v to_o ninescore_o thousand_o crown_n a_o aâ—â—y_n levy_v by_o cleomenes_n antigonus_n blame_v the_o number_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v in_o antigonus_n army_n sellasia_n eua._n olympus_n euclid_n antigonus_n camp_n seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o gorgile_n the_o order_n of_o antigonus_n battle_n the_o courage_n of_o philopomene_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o victory_n philopomene_n the_o 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first_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n the_o fore_a sight_n of_o amilcar_n father_n to_o hannibal_n sardinia_n abandon_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n the_o second_o cause_n the_o three_o cause_n antiochu_n san_fw-it enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n hannibal_n his_o speech_n to_o antiochus_n hannibal_n swear_v that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n he_o will_v be_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n asdrubal_n son_n in_o law_n to_o hannibal_n a_o good_a consideration_n and_o necessary_a for_o all_o governor_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n hatred_n never_o commander_n do_v any_o thing_n worthy_o which_o be_v not_o please_v to_o the_o soldier_n carteia_n take_v by_o assault_n country_n conquer_v by_o hannibal_n the_o toletain_v the_o river_n of_o tagus_n hanibal_n victory_n upon_o the_o barbarian_n a_o army_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n a_o embassy_n from_o the_o roman_n to_o hannibal_n hannibal_n answer_n to_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n demetrius_n king_n of_o sclavonia_n the_o situation_n of_o sagont_n the_o discretion_n of_o the_o head_n of_o a_o interprize_n sagont_n force_v by_o hannibal_n demetrius_n fortefied_a dimale_n the_o arrival_n of_o emilius_n into_o sclavonia_n the_o town_n of_o sclavonia_n reduce_v to_o the_o roman_a obedience_n the_o warlike_a policy_n or_o emilius_n the_o victory_n of_o the_o roman_n upon_o the_o sclavonian_n demetrius_z a_o man_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o little_a judgement_n the_o town_n of_o phare_n raze_v roman_n ambassador_n send_v to_o carthage_n hanno_fw-la answer_n to_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n the_o roman_a tongue_n change_v the_o first_o accord_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n i_o conceive_v that_o this_o promontory_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o promontory_n of_o mercure_n in_o africa_n where_o as_o now_o the_o city_n clipca_n stand_v the_o promontory_n of_o beauty_n the_o second_o accord_n 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hannibal_n make_v to_o his_o soldier_n the_o number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v in_o hannibal_n army_n at_o his_o part_n from_o spain_n the_o number_n of_o man_n which_o hannibal_n
aswell_o both_o young_a and_o old_a to_o read_v our_o history_n for_o where_o be_v any_o man_n so_o deprave_a or_o silly_a which_o desire_v not_o to_o understand_v the_o mean_n and_o manner_n of_o government_n by_o the_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v subdue_v and_o bring_v under_o their_o obedience_n in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n within_o the_o space_n of_o fifty_o and_o three_o year_n the_o which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v never_o hear_v of_o or_o what_o be_v he_o so_o much_o give_v and_o desire_v to_o know_v other_o thing_n worthy_a of_o admiration_n and_o other_o discipline_n but_o will_v conceive_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n in_o this_o world_n worthy_a to_o be_v prefer_v to_o this_o knowledge_n i_o hope_v they_o will_v see_v how_o great_a and_o excellent_a our_o work_n be_v if_o we_o make_v comparison_n of_o other_o principality_n with_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o nam_o of_o those_o which_o have_v be_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o glory_n whereof_o historiographer_n have_v write_v much_o behold_v those_o which_o be_v most_o worthy_a to_o be_v compare_v the_o empire_n and_o power_n of_o the_o persian_n for_o a_o time_n have_v be_v great_a persian_n but_o whensoever_o they_o do_v adventure_v to_o pass_v the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o asia_n they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v not_o only_o their_o empire_n but_o their_o life_n the_o lacedaemonian_n make_v a_o long_a war_n for_o the_o empire_n and_o command_n of_o greece_n lacedaemonian_n but_o they_o can_v hardly_o keep_v it_o twelve_o year_n quiet_a after_o their_o conquest_n it_o be_v true_a macedonian_n the_o macedonian_n have_n domineer_v and_o rule_v in_o europe_n from_o adria_n to_o the_o danowe_n which_o be_v but_o a_o small_a portion_n thereof_o and_o since_o they_o have_v hold_v the_o empire_n of_o asia_n after_o they_o have_v ruin_v the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o although_o that_o these_o have_v in_o show_n be_v great_a lord_n and_o enjoy_v large_a and_o spacious_a country_n yet_o they_o never_o touch_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o for_o sicily_n sardinia_n and_o africa_n they_o never_o make_v show_v to_o challenge_v any_o thing_n in_o regard_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o most_o martial_a of_o europe_n and_o the_o most_o western_a they_o hardly_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v ever_o know_v they_o roman_n but_o the_o roman_n have_v not_o only_o conquer_v a_o part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o they_o may_v also_o know_v by_o our_o sequel_n how_o great_a the_o profit_n will_v be_v to_o such_o as_o affect_v the_o knowledge_n of_o history_n final_o history_n the_o beginning_n of_o our_o work_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o time_n since_o the_o hundred_o and_o eight_o and_o forty_o olimpiade_n as_o for_o the_o action_n and_o first_o of_o the_o grecian_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o social_a war_n the_o which_o philip_n who_o be_v son_n to_o demetrius_n and_o father_n to_o perseus_n attempt_v first_o with_o the_o acatans_n against_o the_o etâ—lians_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o those_o which_o inhabit_v asia_n the_o beginning_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o war_n which_o be_v in_o the_o valley_n of_o syria_n betwixt_o antiochus_n and_o ptolemy_n philopater_n but_o as_o for_o italy_n and_o africa_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o that_o betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n which_o many_o call_v the_o war_n of_o hannibal_n the_o history_n shall_v begin_v at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o which_o sicionius_n have_v leave_v in_o writing_n before_o these_o time_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n be_v without_o civility_n since_o it_o have_v happen_v that_o the_o history_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n draw_v all_o into_o one_o and_o that_o the_o action_n of_o italy_n and_o of_o africa_n be_v mingle_v with_o those_o of_o greece_n and_o asia_n and_o that_o all_o tend_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o end_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v begin_v our_o work_n in_o those_o time_n when_o the_o roman_n have_v vanquish_v the_o carthaginian_n in_o this_o war_n think_v they_o have_v perform_v their_o great_a task_n and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o assail_v the_o whole_a world_n they_o presume_v present_o after_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o rest_n and_o to_o pass_v into_o greece_n and_o asia_n with_o great_a force_n but_o if_o we_o have_v see_v and_o know_v the_o manner_n of_o live_v and_o the_o law_n of_o commonweal_n contend_v for_o the_o monarchy_n happy_o it_o will_v not_o be_v needful_a to_o make_v any_o great_a search_n to_o what_o end_n nor_o upon_o what_o power_n rely_v they_o have_v enter_v into_o such_o great_a action_n but_o for_o that_o the_o manner_n of_o live_v the_o precedent_a force_n and_o the_o action_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o carthage_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o grecian_n i_o have_v hold_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v these_o two_o first_o book_n before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o history_n to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o wonder_n nor_o inquire_v in_o read_v our_o work_n what_o council_n what_o force_n and_o what_o treasure_n and_o wealth_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v to_o undertake_v the_o war_n and_o conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o of_o all_o our_o sea_n consider_v that_o they_o which_o shall_v require_v it_o shall_v see_v plain_o by_o these_o first_o book_n of_o our_o preparation_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v reasonable_a cause_n to_o undertake_v the_o empire_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o to_o attain_v unto_o their_o end_n believe_v that_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o our_o work_n and_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o action_n of_o our_o time_n consist_v principal_o in_o this_o that_o as_o fortune_n have_v in_o a_o manner_n reduce_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n into_o one_o and_o have_v force_v they_o to_o draw_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o end_n so_o the_o force_n which_o she_o have_v use_v for_o the_o 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yet_o she_o have_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n unto_o this_o day_n nor_o purchase_v the_o glory_n of_o victory_n comparable_a to_o our_o time_n the_o which_o they_o that_o have_v write_v the_o particular_a history_n can_v make_v know_v but_o that_o some_o one_o who_o peradventure_o for_o that_o he_o have_v live_v in_o some_o renown_a town_n or_o for_o that_o they_o have_v see_v they_o in_o picture_n imagine_v present_o they_o know_v they_o and_o consequent_o the_o situation_n the_o form_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o world_n the_o which_o be_v not_o probable_a nor_o likely_a they_o which_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o particular_a history_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o general_a in_o my_o opinion_n stray_v no_o less_o from_o the_o truth_n comparison_n then_o if_o some_o one_o consider_v the_o part_n separate_v of_o a_o live_a body_n think_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o the_o perfection_n and_o grace_n of_o the_o creature_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o if_o any_o one_o take_v these_o distinct_a and_o separate_a part_n and_o do_v present_o join_v they_o together_o and_o make_v a_o perfect_a creature_n give_v it_o form_n and_o life_n and_o then_o present_v it_o unto_o he_o he_o will_v soon_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v be_v deceive_v like_a unto_o they_o that_o dream_n it_o be_v true_a we_o may_v have_v some_o apprehension_n of_o the_o whole_a by_o the_o part_n but_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o have_v a_o true_a and_o certain_a science_n and_o knowledge_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v imagine_v that_o a_o particular_a history_n be_v of_o small_a use_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o general_a and_o that_o by_o the_o connexion_n comparison_n and_o similitude_n of_o action_n there_o will_v be_v no_o man_n find_v who_o in_o read_v will_v not_o reap_v singular_a profit_n