another_o and_o be_v part_n one_o of_o another_o i_o do_v not_o understand_v 6._o a_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v only_o then_o a_o civil_a law_n when_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o law_n before_o 7._o for_o the_o most_o part_n learned_a man_n do_v understand_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n certain_a divine_a principle_n imprint_v upon_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n more_o immediate_a by_o the_o law_n civil_a more_o remote_a conclusion_n of_o constitutive_a law_n civil_a t._n h._n see_v all_o law_n have_v their_o authority_n and_o force_n from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o sovereign_n a_o man_n may_v wonder_v whence_o proceed_v such_o opinion_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o lawyer_n of_o eminence_n in_o several_a commonwealth_n direct_o or_o by_o consequence_n make_v the_o legislative_a power_n depend_v on_o private_a man_n or_o subordinate_a judge_n as_o for_o example_n that_o the_o common-law_n 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of_o the_o constitution_n both_o of_o this_o and_o also_o of_o other_o state_n partly_o because_o they_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o his_o utopian_a principle_n for_o he_o presuppose_v 1._o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n 2._o that_o the_o parliament_n as_o a_o parliament_n be_v mere_o a_o subject_n 3._o that_o the_o king_n have_v power_n at_o will_n and_o pleasure_n to_o call_v parliament_n and_o dissolve_v they_o yet_o these_o have_v he_o not_o make_v good_a neither_o can_v he_o 1._o that_o our_o king_n be_v not_o absolute_a monarch_n be_v well_o know_v the_o law_n and_o practice_n have_v make_v it_o manifest_v and_o whatsoever_o ignorant_a person_n and_o parasite_n may_v say_v yet_o wise_a man_n both_o english_a and_o foreign_a statesman_n who_o have_v deal_v with_o england_n have_v be_v assure_v of_o the_o contrary_a especial_o when_o in_o certain_a league_n they_o have_v require_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n never_o make_v or_o repeal_v a_o law_n nor_o levy_v a_o subsidy_n alone_o themselves_o without_o a_o parliament_n and_o they_o be_v swear_v corroborare_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la for_o let_v elegerit_fw-la be_v what_o tense_n it_o will_v vulgus_fw-la which_o be_v populus_fw-la non_fw-la rex_fw-la eligit_fw-la leges_fw-la and_o the_o late_a king_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o 19_o proposition_n do_v confess_v that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o that_o king_n who_o himself_o alone_o can_v never_o make_v or_o repeal_v a_o law_n nor_o levy_v or_o impose_v a_o subsidy_n nor_o revoke_v the_o judgement_n of_o any_o court_n nor_o alter_v a_o word_n or_o clause_n in_o any_o law_n agree_v upon_o in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n it_o be_v far_o more_o probable_a he_o be_v only_o trust_v with_o the_o force_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o law_n and_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o second_o maxim_n and_o if_o he_o be_v no_o absolute_a sovereign_n than_o his_o second_o supposition_n that_o the_o parliament_n as_o such_o be_v only_o a_o assembly_n of_o private_a man_n and_o subject_n and_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o no_o other_o capacity_n be_v false_a as_o likewise_o his_o three_o that_o the_o king_n can_v call_v and_o dissolve_v parliament_n at_o will_n and_o pleasure_n for_o by_o the_o constitution_n the_o law_n and_o practice_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o call_v they_o once_o a_o year_n and_o often_o as_o the_o necessity_n and_o exigency_n of_o affair_n either_o of_o peace_n or_o war_n shall_v require_v and_o in_o such_o case_n to_o dissolve_v they_o before_o the_o ardua_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v dispatch_v be_v both_o dangerous_a and_o destructive_a and_o do_v argue_v either_o a_o bad_a constitution_n or_o a_o corruption_n of_o the_o same_o t._n h._n law_n can_v be_v against_o reason_n neither_o be_v it_o the_o letter_n but_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n that_o be_v the_o law_n and_o this_o reason_n be_v not_o private_a of_o subordinate_a judge_n but_o of_o the_o supreme_a lawgiver_n g._n l._n all_o this_o be_v willing_o grant_v if_o he_o understand_v by_o reason_n not_o the_o mere_a conceit_n or_o will_n of_o the_o sovereign_n but_o that_o reason_n which_o be_v a_o ray_n of_o divine_a wisdom_n shine_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n regulate_v his_o judgement_n and_o express_v in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o law_n give_v by_o a_o learned_a judge_n subordinate_a may_v be_v very_o true_a yet_o not_o authentic_a because_o he_o that_o make_v the_o law_n can_v interpret_v law_n in_o that_o manner_n and_o none_o else_o i_o pass_v by_o his_o discourse_n concern_v promulgation_n and_o interpretation_n of_o law_n as_o also_o the_o qualification_n of_o judge_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o chapter_n of_o officer_n former_o mention_v he_o may_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v improve_v these_o excellent_a treatise_n of_o other_o learned_a author_n who_o have_v inform_v we_o both_o more_o accurate_o and_o also_o more_o particular_o of_o these_o thing_n than_o he_o himself_o have_v do_v but_o he_o conject_v himself_o as_o far_o above_o they_o as_o they_o surpass_v ordinary_a man_n neither_o be_v his_o distribution_n of_o law_n worth_a the_o examination_n as_o be_v very_o crude_a and_o indigested_a as_o also_o heterogeneous_a i_o proceed_v therefore_o to_o his_o two_o question_n concern_v what_o assurance_n may_v be_v have_v of_o and_o obedience_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v unto_o divine_a positive_a law_n the_o question_n be_v t._n h._n 1._o how_o can_v a_o man_n without_o supernatural_a revelation_n be_v assure_v of_o the_o revelation_n receive_v by_o the_o declarer_fw-la of_o those_o law_n 2._o how_o can_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o obey_v they_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o by_o sanctity_n miracle_n wisdom_n success_n without_o particular_a revelation_n its_o impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o have_v assurance_n of_o a_o revelation_n make_v to_o another_o therefore_o no_o man_n can_v infallible_o know_v by_o natural_a reason_n that_o another_o have_v have_v a_o supernatural_a revelation_n of_o god_n will_n but_o only_o a_o belief_n g._n l._n this_o presuppose_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v a_o positive_a law_n of_o god_n 2._o this_o positive_a law_n be_v declare_v and_o witness_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n 3._o that_o this_o testimony_n concern_v this_o law_n be_v divine_a and_o infallible_a 4._o that_o it_o be_v such_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o and_o agreeable_a to_o a_o immediate_a revelation_n from_o god_n of_o that_o law_n to_o he_o that_o do_v declare_v it_o as_o to_o moses_n the_o prophet_n or_o apostle_n for_o god_n former_o speak_v unto_o the_o father_n by_o the_o prophet_n in_o the_o latter_a time_n to_o their_o child_n by_o his_o son_n first_o and_o after_o by_o his_o apostle_n the_o question_n here_o be_v not_o how_o we_o shall_v attain_v a_o demonstrative_a clear_a or_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n nor_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o revelation_n but_o how_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o the_o declaration_n or_o testimony_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o revelation_n be_v make_v be_v divine_a that_o we_o may_v believe_v it_o as_o divine_a and_o from_o god_n the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o divinity_n of_o the_o testimony_n be_v make_v evident_a at_o the_o first_o be_v extraordinary_a as_o sign_n wonder_n and_o divers_a miracle_n and_o gift_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n heb._n 2.4_o but_o after_o that_o upon_o these_o divine_a attestation_n the_o gospel_n be_v general_o receive_v in_o all_o nation_n and_o the_o prophecy_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n in_o this_o particular_a fulfil_v these_o cease_v yet_o one_o thing_n
mean_n and_o motive_n use_v for_o to_o rectify_v the_o heart_n cap._n xii_o of_o the_o second_o part._n the_o 28._o of_o the_o book_n concern_v punishment_n and_o reward_n upon_o obedience_n or_o disobedience_n follow_v punishment_n or_o reward_n determine_v by_o judgement_n which_o be_v a_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o consider_v the_o law_n as_o violate_a or_o observe_v and_o here_o come_v in_o according_a to_o order_n that_o head_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o general_n which_o proper_o be_v handle_v in_o that_o part_n of_o politic_n we_o call_v administration_n and_o he_o that_o undertake_v to_o deliver_v a_o model_n of_o politic_n and_o yet_o say_v nothing_o of_o jurisdiction_n but_o proceed_v from_o crime_n to_o punishment_n per_fw-la saltum_fw-la as_o mr._n hobbs_n do_v be_v but_o a_o superficial_a author_n but_o let_v we_o hear_v his_o definition_n of_o punishment_n t._n h._n a_o punishment_n be_v a_o evil_n inflict_v by_o public_a authority_n on_o he_o that_o have_v do_v or_o omit_v that_o which_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n to_o be_v a_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o will_n of_o man_n may_v be_v thereby_o better_o dispose_v to_o obedience_n this_o be_v a_o very_a imperfect_a definition_n and_o one_o reason_n be_v the_o author_n presume_v much_o of_o his_o own_o judgement_n and_o desire_n to_o be_v singular_a otherwise_o he_o have_v a_o better_a definition_n make_v to_o his_o hand_n for_o poena_fw-la est_fw-la vindicte_fw-la noxae_fw-la this_o punishment_n be_v define_v in_o general_a as_o it_o include_v the_o penalty_n inflict_v by_o parent_n master_n or_o any_o one_o who_o have_v power_n to_o command_v another_o &_o it_o reach_v the_o punishment_n execute_v by_o god_n this_o definition_n may_v easy_o be_v make_v so_o as_o full_o to_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o civil_a punishment_n intend_v by_o this_o author_n but_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o punishment_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v several_a way_n 1._o as_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n which_o bind_v the_o party_n subject_a either_o to_o obedience_n or_o punishment_n 2._o as_o deserve_v by_o the_o party_n offend_v who_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v it_o 3._o as_o define_v by_o the_o judge_n upon_o judicial_a evidence_n 4._o as_o inflict_v by_o the_o minister_n of_o execution_n 5._o as_o suffer_v by_o the_o party_n condemn_v 6._o as_o prevent_v by_o pardon_n out_o of_o mere_a mercy_n or_o upon_o satisfaction_n make_v and_o accept_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o punish_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v the_o sovereign_n or_o high_a power_n bear_v the_o sword_n and_o as_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o minister_n for_o a_o sovereign_n do_v punish_v as_o a_o judge_n the_o immediate_a and_o formal_a object_n of_o this_o act_n be_v noxa_fw-la civilis_fw-la some_o offence_n or_o crime_n judge_v upon_o evidence_n to_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n the_o general_a nature_n of_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d retribution_n the_o thing_n retribute_v or_o render_v be_v something_o that_o bring_v hurt_v or_o damage_n to_o the_o delinquent_n or_o party_n offend_v who_o as_o judge_v guilty_a be_v the_o proper_a subject_n of_o it_o it_o be_v call_v by_o some_o malum_fw-la triste_fw-fr proper_a malum_fw-la turpe_fw-la the_o proper_a act_n complete_a and_o consummate_v be_v the_o inflict_v of_o this_o evil_n determine_v by_o just_a judgement_n so_o as_o that_o the_o party_n condemn_v do_v actual_o suffer_v it_o all_o this_o for_o the_o general_a notion_n of_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o apostle_n who_o say_v that_o god_n will_v render_v to_o they_o who_o be_v contentious_a and_o do_v not_o obey_v the_o truth_n but_o obey_v unrighteousness_n indignation_n and_o wrath_n tribulation_n and_o angnish_v upon_o every_o soul_n of_o man_n that_o do_v evil_a rom._n 2.8_o 9_o for_o here_o we_o have_v the_o judge_n the_o crime_n judged_n to_o be_v so_o the_o retribution_n or_o render_v the_o thing_n or_o evil_n render_v so_o as_o to_o be_v suffer_v the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v render_v in_o this_o respect_n the_o high_a power_n be_v say_v to_o bear_v the_o sword_n to_o take_v vengeance_n upon_o evil_a doer_n rom._n 13.4_o the_o end_n of_o punishment_n be_v many_o 1._o some_o of_o they_o be_v to_o correct_v and_o reform_v the_o party_n punish_v 2._o some_o for_o example_n that_o other_o may_v hear_v and_o fear_n 3._o the_o end_n of_o all_o punishment_n in_o general_a be_v to_o vindicate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n and_o the_o honour_n and_o force_v of_o the_o law_n to_o manifest_a justice_n and_o the_o hatred_n of_o evil_n and_o to_o procure_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o community_n before_o the_o author_n proceed_v to_o draw_v conclusion_n from_o his_o definition_n he_o inquire_v how_o the_o sovereign_n acquire_v the_o power_n of_o punish_v and_o resolve_v t._n h._n that_o the-subject_n in_o the_o first_o constitution_n lay_v aside_o his_o power_n of_o self-preservation_n by_o hurt_v subdue_a kill_v other_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o so_o do_v not_o give_v it_o but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o sovereign_n g._n l._n this_o be_v ridiculous_a absurd_a and_o ground_v upon_o his_o false_a principle_n for_o 1._o the_o sovereign_n be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n and_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v so_o that_o he_o keep_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o commission_n that_o which_o god_n will_v do_v and_o that_o be_v to_o punish_v evil_a and_o as_o all_o his_o power_n of_o make_v law_n judgement_n peace_n war_n etc._n etc._n be_v from_o god_n so_o be_v this_o among_o the_o rest_n by_o who_o he_o be_v make_v a_o sovereign_n from_o he_o he_o have_v the_o sword_n to_o punish_v man_n may_v give_v their_o consent_n that_o such_o a_o man_n or_o such_o a_o company_n of_o man_n shall_v reign_v but_o the_o power_n be_v from_o god_n not_o they_o 2._o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o supreme_a governor_n no_o man_n can_v covenant_n to_o be_v protect_v or_o defend_v in_o do_v evil_a neither_o can_v any_o or_o all_o high_a power_n in_o the_o world_n just_o promise_v to_o protect_v any_o in_o evil_n neither_o have_v any_o man_n any_o power_n unjust_o to_o preserve_v himself_o for_o that_o of_o the_o author_n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n every_o man_n have_v right_a to_o every_o thing_n be_v absolute_o false_a and_o abominable_a when_o a_o man_n subject_n himself_o unto_o a_o sovereign_n ordain_v of_o god_n not_o only_o to_o protect_v the_o good_a but_o punish_v the_o evil_a he_o can_v except_v himself_o from_o his_o punitive_a power_n if_o he_o do_v ill_a because_o he_o subject_n according_a to_o the_o just_a law_n of_o god_n and_o can_v lawful_o do_v any_o other_o way_n so_o that_o power_n to_o punish_v be_v give_v by_o god_n not_o leave_v by_o man_n unto_o high_a power_n civil_a after_o his_o definition_n of_o punishment_n civil_a and_o determination_n of_o the_o mean_n how_o power_n punitive_a be_v acquire_v he_o 1._o draw_v conclusion_n from_o his_o definition_n 2._o declare_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o punishment_n 3._o distinguish_v of_o reward_n 1._o the_o conclusion_n be_v either_o good_a and_o pertinent_a or_o false_a or_o not_o deducible_a from_o the_o definition_n and_o i_o will_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o they_o 2._o his_o distribution_n of_o punishment_n be_v tolerable_a and_o here_o we_o must_v observe_v 1._o that_o punishment_n civil_a can_v only_o reach_v the_o body_n and_o this_o temporal_a life_n of_o man_n for_o the_o sword_n can_v reach_v the_o soul_n 2._o that_o these_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o spiritual_a be_v either_o of_o loss_n or_o pain_n poena_fw-la damni_fw-la aut_fw-la sensus_fw-la privative_a or_o positive_a the_o one_o take_v away_o some_o good_a the_o other_o inflict_v some_o positive_a evil_n 3._o that_o some_o of_o they_o take_v away_o life_n either_o civil_a as_o banishment_n or_o natural_a as_o death_n and_o some_o take_v away_o such_o thing_n as_o make_v life_n comfortable_a as_o good_n such_o be_v sin_n and_o confiscation_n or_o liberty_n as_o imprisonment_n bondage_n or_o our_o honour_n as_o all_o ignominious_a penalty_n those_o which_o infer_v some_o positive_a evil_a contrary_n to_o nature_n be_v all_o kind_n of_o torture_n whatsoever_o which_o cause_n pain_n in_o the_o body_n of_o man_n and_o all_o these_o positive_a punishment_n tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o life_n either_o in_o part_n or_o in_o whole_a 4._o these_o penalty_n be_v so_o to_o be_v inflict_v and_o in_o such_o a_o measure_n and_o proportion_n as_o that_o no_o man_n may_v gain_v by_o do_v evil_a 5._o that_o though_o a_o innocent_a person_n as_o such_o can_v be_v just_o punish_v yet_o as_o he_o be_v make_v one_o person_n with_o
that_o though_o no_o reason_n can_v prove_v yet_o no_o reason_n can_v contradict_v just_o because_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o they_o contrary_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o pure_a reason_n they_o be_v propose_v unto_o we_o with_o such_o credit_n and_o urge_v upon_o we_o as_o matter_n of_o great_a concernment_n in_o the_o world_n in_o so_o much_o that_o he_o can_v be_v rational_a that_o shall_v refuse_v either_o to_o give_v assent_n unto_o they_o or_o make_v trial_n of_o they_o with_o the_o sincere_a heart_n which_o once_o do_v he_o shall_v find_v by_o real_a effect_n in_o the_o heart_n not_o only_o that_o god_n do_v reveal_v they_o as_o he_o believe_v before_o by_o a_o acquire_v faith_n but_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n that_o they_o be_v god_n testimony_n because_o he_o who_o speak_v by_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o minister_n have_v speak_v to_o he_o immediate_o by_o his_o spirit_n work_v in_o his_o heart_n and_o then_o reason_n be_v satisfy_v and_o convince_v that_o god_n have_v speak_v and_o thereupon_o cease_v to_o deny_v and_o oppose_v and_o yield_v a_o firm_a assent_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n whereof_o 〈◊〉_d have_v former_o speak_v if_o we_o will_v but_o consider_v what_o kind_n of_o man_n have_v question_v or_o oppose_v the_o divinity_n of_o the_o scripture_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o in_o that_o very_a thing_n to_o be_v much_o honour_a 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o reason_n why_o man_n do_v not_o believe_v they_o be_v not_o only_o the_o imperfection_n but_o the_o corruption_n of_o reason_n and_o man_n will_n for_o most_o man_n love_v darkness_n rather_o than_o the_o light_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cross_n of_o christ_n as_o it_o declare_v a_o deep_a design_n of_o god_n eternal_a wisdom_n so_o it_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o our_o false_a notion_n and_o base_a lust_n and_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a reason_n why_o a_o acquire_v faith_n can_v be_v sufficient_a to_o save_v any_o man_n without_o the_o powerful_a sanctification_n of_o the_o 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