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year_n desire_v to_o peruse_v it_o and_o as_o he_o have_v persuade_v i_o to_o finish_v so_o he_o prevail_v with_o i_o to_o publish_v these_o essay_n but_o be_v please_v to_o know_v he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o his_o majesty_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o to_o command_v his_o scottish_a army_n towards_o the_o end_n whereof_o he_o rout_v the_o rebel_n at_o pentland_n the_o very_a same_o person_n be_v again_o entrust_v by_o his_o majesty_n with_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o force_n in_o the_o year_n 1679._o and_o continue_v still_o in_o that_o command_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o general_n dalyell_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a you_o may_v ask_v i_o what_o move_v i_o to_o begin_v to_o write_v these_o discourse_n but_o for_o that_o if_o i_o be_v put_v to_o the_o rack_n till_o i_o give_v you_o my_o reason_n i_o can_v give_v no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o be_v out_o of_o employment_n and_o not_o accustom_a to_o a_o idle_a life_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o pass_v away_o my_o solitary_a and_o retire_a hour_n with_o a_o more_o harmless_a divertisement_n the_o content_n of_o the_o book_n book_n i._n military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n in_o general_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o army_n and_o order_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o election_n levy_n and_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a of_o the_o grecian_n 7_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o great_a englines_n and_o machine_n of_o the_o train_n and_o exercise_v of_o the_o grecian_n 9_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o grecian_a infantry_n 12_o chap._n vi_o aelian_n marshal_n the_o grecian_a infantry_n examine_v 14_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o grecian_a cavalry_n and_o some_o observation_n of_o it_o 19_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n of_o its_o number_n and_o how_o marshal_v with_o some_o observation_n of_o both_o 23_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o grecian_a march_n baggage_n encamp_v guard_n and_o of_o their_o paean_n 26_o chap._n x._o one_o of_o our_o modern_a army_n compare_v with_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n 28_o book_n ii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n p._n 33_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o military_a election_n and_o levy_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 40_o chap._n iii_o of_o their_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o of_o their_o military_a oath_n 42_o chap._n iv_o of_o sieges_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o great_a engine_n and_o machine_n use_v in_o they_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_n 49_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o military_a exercise_n duty_n burden_n march_n and_o work_v of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 57_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a infantry_n of_o all_o its_o several_a body_n and_o their-officer_n 61_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n 74_o chap._n viii_o of_o their_o trumpeter_n hornwinder_n and_o of_o the_o classicum_fw-la 79_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o roman_a pay_n proviant_a and_o of_o their_o donative_n 81_o chap._n x._o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o titus_n livius_n with_o lipsius_n his_o amendment_n 84_o chap._n xi_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o flavius_n vegetius_n 87_o chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v 89_o chap._n xiii_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o polybius_n 95_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o distance_n and_o interval_n between_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n 96_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o of_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o 102_o chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o of_o some_o mistake_n concern_v it_o 105_o chap._n xvii_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n marshal_v in_o the_o field_n and_o of_o some_o general_a officer_n belong_v to_o it_o 108_o chap._n xviii_o of_o several_a figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o battle_n 112_o chap._n xix_o of_o some_o custom_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n before_o in_o the_o time_n of_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n 115_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 118_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 121_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o roman_a guard_n watch_n watchword_n and_o round_n 133_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n treaty_n parley_n and_o article_n among_o the_o ancient_n 136_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n 145_o chap._n xxv_o polybius_n his_o comparison_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n and_o the_o roman_a legion_n review_v 150_o book_n iii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n in_o general_n p._n 157_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v of_o their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v 163_o chap._n iii_o of_o armour_n or_o defensive_a arm_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n both_o for_o their_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n 168_o chap._n iv_o of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o infantry_n of_o several_a nation_n 171_o chap._n v._o of_o offenffve_n arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o several_a nation_n 173_o chap._n vi_o master_n lupton_n book_n
actor_n and_o this_o they_o do_v either_o upon_o hear_v say_v register_n the_o fable_n of_o vain_a and_o ignorant_a â—_z who_o either_o have_v be_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o action_n for_o truth_n or_o write_v according_a to_o their_o own_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n which_o many_o time_n be_v so_o pitiful_o weak_a that_o their_o extravagancy_n put_v know_v reader_n on_o the_o rack_n and_o force_v they_o to_o cast_v their_o book_n away_o from_o they_o and_o indeed_o i_o have_v read_v the_o description_n of_o some_o battle_n in_o book_n write_v by_o no_o mean_a author_n wherein_o both_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o such_o order_n that_o i_o can_v not_o fancy_v it_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o except_o aâ—adis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n or_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o sun_n let_v we_o except_v from_o these_o of_o modern_a historian_n paolo_n giovio_n d'avita_n and_o the_o other_o unknown_a author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n philip_n hisâ—orians_n 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the_o velite_n of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n since_o they_o be_v all_o light_n arm_v and_o if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o slinger_n can_v cast_v their_o stone_n over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o two_o batallion_n of_o heavy_a arm_v i_o answer_v first_o their_o stone_n will_v do_v less_o hurt_v at_o that_o distance_n second_o the_o archer_n in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n can_v have_v do_v as_o much_o three_o the_o keep_v their_o station_n and_o place_n in_o the_o five_o batallion_n hinder_v the_o triarii_n to_o advance_v now_o if_o these_o of_o vegetius_n his_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n be_v oblige_v to_o go_v to_o the_o van_n and_o fight_v or_o skirmish_v there_o why_o do_v he_o not_o appoint_v the_o light_n arm_v of_o his_o five_o batallion_n to_o do_v so_o too_o since_o they_o be_v all_o liable_a to_o one_o duty_n but_o i_o hinder_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o six_o batallion_n the_o six_o order_n or_o body_n say_v he_o consist_v of_o and_o now_o welcome_a 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not_o see_v brancatio_n but_o terduzzi_n his_o countryman_n for_o they_o be_v both_o italian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o machine_n say_v he_o have_v read_v he_o now_o if_o he_o value_v neither_o his_o opinion_n nor_o his_o reason_n i_o think_v none_o shall_v for_o tâ—rduzzi_n himself_o be_v so_o little_a a_o friend_n to_o the_o pike_n that_o he_o write_v he_o will_v have_v it_o break_v if_o he_o know_v what_o better_a weapon_n to_o put_v in_o its_o room_n out_o of_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o this_o short_a description_n of_o brancatio_n and_o his_o book_n describe_v his_o book_n describe_v the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n be_v this_o of_o the_o true_a art_n of_o war_n whereby_o any_o prince_n may_v not_o only_o resist_v another_o in_o the_o field_n only_o with_o his_o own_o force_n and_o with_o little_a charge_n but_o also_o overcome_v any_o nation_n a_o very_a glorious_a title_n i_o think_v we_o need_v expect_v small_a performance_n from_o so_o vain_a promise_n this_o man_n 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and_o these_o make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o english_a mile_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n also_o to_o cast_v into_o besiege_a town_n burn_v iron_n vessel_n with_o melt_a lead_n dead_a horse_n and_o tub_n and_o barrel_n full_a of_o excrement_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o can_v infest_v annoy_n or_o vex_v the_o besiege_a and_o some_o write_v that_o out_o of_o a_o catapult_n be_v shoot_v a_o long_a spear_n or_o story_n a_o strange_a story_n lance_n from_o one_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n danubius_n where_o it_o be_v broad_o over_o to_o the_o other_o this_o i_o dare_v not_o believe_v for_o i_o suppose_v that_o mighty_a river_n before_o he_o discharge_v himself_o may_v be_v more_o than_o two_o italian_a mile_n broad_a and_o i_o will_v suppose_v likewise_o that_o gunner_n will_v confess_v that_o no_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n will_v shoot_v a_o bullet_n so_o far_o pointblank_o especial_o over_o a_o river_n vegetius_n in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n allow_v 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and_o practise_v it_o who_o learn_v it_o not_o from_o navius_n or_o any_o other_o roman_n in_o the_o world_n lipsius_n think_v that_o in_o caesar_n time_n there_o be_v no_o velite_n and_o i_o be_o content_a to_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a enough_o that_o when_o caesar_n live_v there_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a army_n slinger_n darter_n and_o archer_n all_o which_o be_v velites_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v these_o be_v but_o auxiliary_n for_o after_o the_o socii_fw-la or_o ally_n be_v make_v burgess_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o rome_n itself_o be_v mistress_n not_o only_o of_o all_o italy_n but_o many_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o can_v for_o her_o money_n get_v mercenary_n when_o she_o please_v it_o be_v probable_a the_o roman_n make_v no_o election_n but_o of_o heavy_a arm_v or_o legionary_n but_o the_o reason_n lipsius_n give_v for_o his_o opinion_n will_v not_o prove_v the_o thing_n it_o be_v this_o caesar_n sometime_o interline_v his_o cavalry_n with_o antesignani_fw-la now_o these_o be_v heavy_a arm_v therefore_o he_o have_v no_o velite_n but_o this_o will_v not_o follow_v for_o why_o may_v not_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n fight_v among_o the_o horse_n as_o well_o as_o the_o horse_n many_o time_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v among_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n for_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o consul_n pleasure_n to_o bring_v some_o foot_n from_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o wing_n or_o some_o horse_n from_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o battle_n a_o thing_n frequent_o practise_v these_o velite_n have_v their_o denomination_n a_o velocitate_fw-la from_o swiftness_n in_o time_n of_o service_n or_o battle_n they_o be_v sometime_o employ_v in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o marshal_v velites_n where_o marshal_v in_o the_o flank_n but_o for_o most_o part_n in_o the_o van_n and_o when_o they_o be_v overmastered_a they_o retire_v to_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o legionary_n some_o apprehend_v that_o in_o their_o retreat_n they_o 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principes_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o assistance_n but_o by_o this_o argument_n they_o need_v not_o have_v be_v so_o many_o as_o six_o hundred_o because_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o by_o this_o reason_n the_o principes_fw-la shall_v have_v be_v but_o six_o hundred_o because_o the_o hastati_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o help_n before_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o fight_v but_o his_o second_o reason_n speak_v why_o and_o why_o better_a sense_n which_o be_v that_o the_o consul_n who_o ordinary_o stand_v near_o the_o triarii_n come_v with_o the_o evocati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la of_o the_o socii_fw-la or_o ally_n and_o join_v with_o the_o triarii_n what_o these_o extraordinarii_fw-la be_v shall_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o what_o the_o evocati_fw-la be_v i_o shall_v tell_v you_o just_a now_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v lipsius_n the_o evocati_fw-la 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foot_n and_o have_v those_o name_n till_o the_o roman_n besiege_v capua_n in_o hannibal_n time_n then_o and_o there_o it_o seem_v they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o velite_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v they_o be_v call_v accensi_fw-la because_o they_o be_v the_o mean_a in_o the_o cense_v and_o rorarii_fw-la à _fw-la roar_n from_o dew_n because_o in_o skirmish_v they_o scatter_v themselves_o as_o dew_n do_v on_o grass_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o of_o they_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n each_o of_o these_o three_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n be_v divide_v into_o century_n two_o century_n make_v a_o maniple_n three_o maniple_n make_v a_o cohort_n and_o ten_o cohort_n make_v up_o a_o legion_n a_o roman_a legion_n be_v of_o great_a or_o lesser_a legion_n legion_n number_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n senate_n people_n or_o emperor_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o sovereignty_n or_o as_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o affair_n seem_v to_o require_v romulus_n ordain_v it_o to_o consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o man_n one_o thousand_o of_o each_o tribe_n whereof_o there_o be_v but_o three_o in_o his_o time_n though_o afterward_o they_o come_v to_o be_v thirty_o five_o whether_o the_o king_n who_o succeed_v romulus_n keep_v the_o legion_n at_o three_o thousand_o foot_n i_o know_v not_o but_o after_o monarchy_n be_v banish_v the_o city_n legion_n come_v to_o be_v four_o thousand_o strong_a sometime_o five_o thousand_o and_o twice_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o six_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o let_v we_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o first_o of_o a_o century_n centurion_n a_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n at_o the_o first_o constitution_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o a_o centuriate_a consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o its_o commander_n be_v call_v centurion_n both_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o centum_fw-la a_o hundred_o but_o thereafter_o that_o band_n of_o man_n call_v a_o centuriate_a in_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o or_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v most_o ordinary_a come_v to_o consist_v but_o of_o sixty_o man_n in_o the_o two_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la and_o but_o of_o thirty_o in_o the_o three_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la there_o be_v twenty_o centuriates_n at_o sixty_o man_n each_o of_o they_o and_o those_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o just_o as_o many_o centuriates_n and_o of_o that_o same_o number_n for_o the_o principes_fw-la make_v twelve_o hundred_o more_o in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v likewise_o twenty_o centuriates_n but_o each_o of_o these_o consist_v but_o of_o thirty_o man_n which_o make_v six_o hundred_o in_o all_o three_o thousand_o heavy_a arm_v the_o other_o thousand_o or_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v velite_n but_o though_o each_o of_o those_o band_n be_v but_o sixty_o or_o thirty_o strong_a yet_o they_o and_o their_o principal_a commander_n keep_v their_o ancient_a denomâ—nations_n of_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n there_o be_v sixty_o centuriates_n in_o a_o legion_n though_o vegetius_n speak_v of_o but_o fifty_o five_o which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v examine_v the_o centurion_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o i_o former_o tell_v you_o and_o he_o have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v his_o own_o sub-centurion_n sub-centurion_n a_o sub-centurion_n who_o station_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v indeed_o nothing_o but_o ouâ—_n bringer_n up_o polybius_n his_o interpreter_n call_v the_o centurion_n ordinum_fw-la dâ—ctores_fw-la leader_n of_o file_n or_o of_o centuriates_n if_o ordo_fw-la be_v take_v for_o a_o centuriate_a as_o perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o sub-centurion_n he_o call_v agminis_fw-la coactorem_fw-la and_o that_o be_v direct_o our_o rear-man_n this_o will_v not_o make_v a_o centurion_n and_o sub-centurion_n to_o be_v our_o captain_n and_o lieutenant_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v and_o if_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o roman_a centurion_n command_v but_o sixty_o some_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o man_n and_o be_v himself_o not_o otherwise_o arm_v than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o centuriate_a only_o distinguish_v by_o his_o crest_n and_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n with_o the_o rest_n either_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o front_n of_o the_o maniple_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v think_v with_o i_o that_o the_o roman_a centurion_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o either_o power_n or_o honour_n be_v no_o other_o than_o our_o corporal_n corporal_n centurion_n our_o corporal_n and_o their_o sub-centurion_n such_o as_o lancespesat_n especial_o where_o foot_n company_n be_v as_o in_o our_o own_o time_n they_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o europe_n three_o hundred_o strong_a and_o consequent_o every_o corporalship_n sixty_o man_n the_o centurion_n badge_n be_v a_o
branch_n rod_n or_o twig_n of_o a_o vine_n wherewith_o he_o have_v power_n to_o beat_v or_o whip_v those_o of_o his_o centuriate_a as_o they_o deserve_v it_o be_v not_o half_a a_o age_n since_o a_o corporal_n use_v to_o carry_v a_o musket-rest_n in_o his_o hand_n wherewith_o he_o may_v beat_v those_o of_o his_o corporalship_n according_a to_o their_o misdemeanour_n neither_o will_v the_o matter_n of_o profit_n or_o pay_v make_v any_o difference_n between_o they_o the_o roman_a centurion_n have_v but_o double_a allowance_n of_o either_o wage_n proviant_a or_o donative_n of_o what_o the_o common_a soldier_n have_v and_o so_o have_v our_o corporal_n in_o all_o or_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a army_n polybius_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o centurion_n may_v nominate_v his_o sub-centurion_n that_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v die_v in_o battle_n the_o other_o shall_v succeed_v he_o and_o by_o this_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o centurion_n live_v the_o sub-centurion_n have_v 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of_o his_o commentary_n on_o polybius_n yet_o in_o the_o three_o dialogue_n of_o that_o same_o book_n he_o seem_v to_o allow_v but_o one_o ensign_n to_o the_o maniple_n but_o he_o do_v worse_a for_o in_o the_o three_o dialogue_n of_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o that_o passage_n in_o livy_n eight_o book_n where_o he_o make_v three_o ensign_n to_o be_v in_o one_o maniple_n make_v up_o of_o triarii_n rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la lipsius_n say_v it_o may_v be_v so_o for_o say_v he_o there_o may_v be_v colour_n where_o there_o be_v no_o commander_n whereof_o the_o rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la have_v none_o this_o be_v strange_a doctrine_n colour_n without_o commander_n but_o observe_v more_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o authority_n of_o livius_n polybius_n and_o vegetius_n who_o give_v a_o ensign_n to_o every_o centuriate_a lipsius_n in_o the_o eight_o dialogue_n of_o his_o second_o book_n declare_v his_o opinion_n to_o be_v that_o a_o maniple_n consist_v of_o two_o centuriates_n have_v but_o one_o ensign_n in_o what_o roman_a author_n he_o first_o lipsius_n will_v allow_v but_o one_o ensign_n for_o a_o maniple_n his_o reason_n examine_v and_o answer_v first_o have_v read_v this_o i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o be_o confident_a he_o see_v neither_o of_o the_o two_o practise_v in_o his_o own_o country_n during_o the_o whole_a war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o netherlands_o which_o begin_v a_o little_a before_o he_o begin_v to_o write_v but_o it_o be_v fit_a we_o hear_v and_o answer_v the_o reason_n wherewith_o he_o endeavour_v to_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n first_o he_o cite_v varro_n who_o mention_n but_o one_o signum_fw-la or_o banner_n in_o one_o maniple_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o varro_n in_o that_o place_n intend_v not_o to_o inform_v we_o whether_o there_o be_v two_o ensign_n or_o one_o in_o the_o maniple_n that_o not_o be_v the_o subject_n or_o matter_n of_o his_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o one_o he_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o may_v be_v two_o second_o second_o second_o say_v lipsius_n since_o there_o be_v but_o one_o eagle_n in_o the_o legion_n there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o banner_n in_o the_o maniple_n true_o he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v say_v but_o one_o banner_n in_o the_o cohort_n the_o analogy_n will_v have_v hold_v as_o well_o if_o not_o better_o it_o be_v the_o roman_n plreasure_n to_o have_v but_o one_o eagle_n in_o every_o legion_n and_o one_o colour_n in_o every_o centuriate_a and_o the_o question_n be_v de_fw-fr re_fw-mi gestâ_fw-la of_o the_o thing_n do_v and_o not_o of_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o deed_n itself_o three_o he_o say_v polybius_n speak_v of_o three_o three_o two_o signiferi_fw-la or_o ensign-bearer_n but_o not_o of_o two_o ensign_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o lipsius_n add_v help_v he_o that_o he_o think_v the_o one_o ensign-bearer_n be_v to_o relieve_v the_o other_o when_o he_o be_v weary_v to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o reason_n i_o say_v it_o be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o when_o polybius_n say_v there_o be_v two_o ensign-bearer_n he_o say_v in_o these_o word_n there_o be_v likewise_o two_o ensign_n for_o if_o lipsius_n shall_v say_v in_o one_o brigade_n there_o be_v two_o colonel_n will_v not_o any_o man_n infer_v that_o there_o be_v two_o regiment_n in_o that_o brigade_n to_o the_o second_o part_n that_o the_o one_o ensign-bearer_n serve_v to_o relieve_v and_o ease_v the_o other_o it_o be_v but_o a_o conjecture_n of_o lipsius_n and_o he_o guess_v not_o always_o right_a for_o why_o shall_v there_o be_v two_o ensign-bearer_n for_o one_o ensign_n since_o there_o be_v but_o one_o eagle_n bearer_n for_o one_o eagle_n which_o be_v much_o heavy_a and_o of_o more_o consequence_n than_o a_o ordinary_a banner_n four_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o caesar_n beat_v pompey_n at_o pharsalia_n forth_o forth_o he_o take_v nine_o eagle_n that_o be_v say_v he_o one_o for_o every_o legion_n but_o he_o take_v only_o one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o ensign_n now_o say_v lipsius_n if_o there_o have_v be_v two_o colour_n in_o every_o maniple_n he_o shall_v have_v take_v five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o of_o they_o i_o wonder_v why_o so_o grave_a a_o man_n as_o lipsius_n will_v propose_v so_o ridiculous_a a_o argument_n for_o first_o caesar_n get_v not_o all_o pompey_n eagle_n for_o himself_o write_v that_o pompey_n have_v one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o cohort_n these_o make_v up_o eleven_o complete_a legion_n but_o caesar_n get_v but_o nine_o eagle_n and_o so_o he_o want_v the_o two_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o two_o legion_n and_o if_o he_o have_v get_v all_o the_o ensign_n that_o belong_v to_o those_o nine_o eagle_n reckon_v two_o ensign_n to_o every_o maniple_n he_o have_v get_v no_o few_o than_o five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o or_o yet_o according_a to_o
of_o any_o part_n of_o it_o but_o all_o of_o they_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o whole_a legion_n but_o to_o shun_v both_o confusion_n and_o contention_n they_o command_v about_o a_o month_n by_o turn_n for_o polybius_n in_o his_o five_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o two_o tribune_n have_v the_o command_n for_o one_o month_n alternative_o his_o meaning_n certain_o be_v two_o tribune_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o which_o there_o be_v two_o legion_n of_o roman_n beside_o ally_n and_o tribune_n military_a tribune_n that_o be_v still_o one_o tribune_n for_o every_o legion_n and_o so_o the_o tribune_n have_v their_o turn_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o polybius_n suppose_v that_o the_o army_n stay_v in_o the_o field_n but_o six_o month_n and_o ordinary_o they_o stay_v no_o long_o and_o sometime_o not_o so_o long_o yet_o we_o find_v that_o sometime_o they_o stay_v abroad_o all_o the_o winter_n over_o the_o first_o practice_n whereof_o be_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o vâ—ii_n and_o then_o no_o doubt_n the_o tribune_n take_v their_o turn_n of_o command_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o summer_n time_n here_o now_o you_o see_v we_o have_v six_o tribune_n in_o a_o legion_n and_o but_o one_o tribune_n in_o a_o legion_n the_o other_o five_o have_v that_o same_o respect_n service_n and_o obedience_n pay_v they_o with_o he_o who_o command_v and_o sit_v in_o the_o council_n of_o war_n with_o the_o consul_n as_o well_o as_o he_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o tribune_n be_v great_a enough_o they_o judge_v of_o all_o cause_n civil_a criminal_a and_o military_a but_o the_o last_o appeal_n be_v reserve_v for_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n they_o may_v impose_v pecuniary_a mulcta_fw-la and_o fine_n and_o power_n their_o power_n punish_v by_o defalcation_n of_o pay_n or_o proviant_a and_o by_o whip_v likewise_o yea_o polybius_n say_v they_o may_v pass_v a_o sentence_n of_o death_n other_o say_v not_o without_o the_o council_n they_o receive_v the_o tessera_fw-la or_o watchword_n from_o the_o consul_n whereof_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o more_o perfect_a account_n in_o another_o place_n they_o go_v duty_n their_o duty_n before_o to_o see_v the_o camp_n measure_v out_o according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o roman_a castrametation_n whereof_o hereafter_o but_o where_o these_o tribune_n have_v their_o station_n in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n for_o sure_a the_o other_o five_o be_v not_o idle_a then_o neither_o polybius_n nor_o vegetius_n tell_v we_o one_o battle_n their_o station_n in_o battle_n word_n doubtless_o they_o be_v to_o blame_v for_o conceal_v that_o and_o many_o other_o considerable_a point_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war._n and_o here_o again_o i_o be_o force_v to_o engage_v with_o lipsius_n who_o very_o frank_o offer_v his_o conjecture_n which_o be_v this_o that_o all_o the_o six_o tribune_n stand_v beside_o or_o near_o the_o consul_n and_o that_o be_v say_v he_o beside_o the_o eagle_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o triarii_n but_o if_o he_o have_v remember_v of_o some_o thing_n that_o no_o question_n he_o know_v he_o will_v not_o have_v vent_v this_o opinion_n of_o he_o for_o first_o the_o consul_n can_v not_o be_v beside_o two_o eagle_n and_o conjecture_n lipsius_n err_v in_o his_o conjecture_n therefore_o the_o tribune_n of_o both_o legion_n can_v not_o be_v beside_o he_o second_o the_o consul_n as_o all_o history_n witness_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v constant_o at_o the_o eagle_n that_o he_o be_v but_o very_o seldom_o beside_o any_o of_o the_o eagle_n except_o when_o he_o be_v to_o lead_v the_o triarii_n up_o to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o other_o two_o class_n and_o many_o time_n he_o do_v this_o by_o a_o sign_n and_o not_o in_o person_n three_o it_o have_v be_v great_a shame_n for_o a_o knot_n of_o colonel_n to_o have_v stand_v all_o of_o they_o beside_o the_o triarii_n when_o the_o other_o two_o batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v at_o 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the_o battle_n of_o zama_n against_o hannibal_n place_v the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n by_o a_o good_a token_n for_o they_o be_v so_o mix_v with_o the_o enemy_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o found_v a_o retreat_n for_o they_o that_o he_o may_v have_v ground_n to_o bring_v his_o principes_fw-la up_z to_o the_o medley_n which_o the_o same_o livy_n report_v to_o we_o in_o the_o five_o place_n polybius_n complain_v that_o vegetius_n have_v murder_v five_o of_o his_o error_n five_o error_n centurion_n for_o he_o in_o his_o six_o book_n appoint_v sixty_o for_o every_o legion_n whereof_o vegetius_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n produce_v but_o five_o and_o fifty_o yet_o he_o need_v not_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o juridical_a trial_n for_o this_o assassination_n true_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o i_o that_o polybius_n his_o legion_n consist_v but_o of_o 3000_o heavy_a arm_v shall_v have_v sixty_o centurion_n and_o that_o of_o vegetius_n which_o 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polybius_n be_v what_o polybius_n be_v be_v a_o soldier_n in_o greece_n and_o as_o himself_o witness_v in_o his_o eleven_o book_n be_v a_o commander_n in_o the_o achaean_n army_n under_o philopamon_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o mantinaea_n against_o machanidas_n the_o tyrant_n of_o lacedaemâ—n_n who_o be_v there_o overthrow_v and_o kill_v he_o be_v long_o after_o that_o a_o great_a favourite_n yea_o a_o counsellor_n of_o that_o scipio_n who_o be_v sometime_o call_v africanus_n minor_n and_o sometime_o numantinus_n because_o he_o end_v the_o carthaginian_a and_o numantine_a war_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o both_o city_n there_o be_v some_o reason_n why_o scipio_n shall_v be_v kind_a to_o polybius_n because_o his_o natural_a father_n lucius_n aemilius_n for_o this_o scipio_n be_v but_o the_o adopt_a grandchild_n of_o the_o great_a africanus_n be_v the_o author_n of_o carry_v many_o hundred_o achaean_o prisoner_n to_o rome_n for_o no_o reason_n but_o suspicion_n among_o who_o polybius_n be_v one_o who_o lie_v full_a seventeen_o year_n prisoner_n there_o where_o he_o have_v leisure_n enough_o to_o learn_v both_o the_o roman_a language_n and_o custom_n scipio_n be_v a_o very_a great_a captain_n a_o strict_a reformer_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n and_o a_o severe_a disciplinarian_a from_o who_o polybius_n can_v not_o but_o know_v all_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n be_v a_o person_n of_o so_o great_a ability_n as_o those_o parcel_n of_o his_o history_n yet_o extant_a speak_v he_o ta_o have_v be_v and_o true_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v sorry_a that_o we_o be_v rob_v of_o those_o book_n of_o he_o of_o which_o all-devouring_a time_n have_v deprive_v we_o let_v we_o hear_v how_o he_o have_v a_o roman_a legion_n a_o legion_n in_o that_o scipio_n minor_n time_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o man_n as_o many_o time_n it_o do_v both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o whereof_o six_o hundred_o be_v triarii_n and_o make_v the_o three_o batallion_n oblige_v to_o kneel_v on_o their_o right_a knee_n till_o either_o the_o other_o two_o class_n retire_v to_o they_o or_o that_o the_o general_n command_v they_o to_o rise_v and_o advance_v these_o he_o say_v be_v never_o more_o than_o six_o hundred_o though_o the_o legion_n chance_v to_o be_v four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o as_o many_o time_n it_o do_v and_o for_o this_o we_o must_v take_v his_o word_n before_o the_o triarii_n stand_v the_o principes_fw-la man_n in_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o age_n and_o before_o they_o the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n they_o be_v the_o young_a and_o raw_a of_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_v each_o of_o these_o two_o batallion_n consist_v of_o twelve_o hundred_o and_o all_o the_o three_o be_v alike_o arm_v except_o that_o the_o triarii_n instead_o of_o pila_fw-la carry_v short_a spear_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o already_o so_o you_o see_v all_o polybius_n legion_n the_o polybâ—â—â—_n legion_n his_o heavy_a arm_a amount_v to_o three_o thousand_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o be_v say_v he_o velites_n and_o these_o he_o say_v be_v levy_v of_o the_o poor_a and_o most_o inconsiderable_a sort_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o he_o divide_v these_o twelve_o hundred_o velite_n into_o three_o squadron_n one_o whereof_o shall_v stand_v behind_o every_o one_o of_o the_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o yet_o terduzzi_n and_o the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr preissack_n will_v father_n this_o upon_o polybius_n but_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n he_o leave_v the_o light_a arm_a to_o be_v dispose_v of_o in_o the_o flank_n van_n or_o rear_n as_o the_o general_n conceive_v they_o may_v be_v most_o useful_a he_o appoint_v his_o legion_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o thirty_o maniple_n suppose_v still_o the_o heavy_a arm_a each_o maniple_n to_o consist_v of_o two_o centuriates_n to_o every_o century_n he_o allow_v a_o ensign_n and_o a_o centurion_n who_o he_o permit_v to_o choose_v his_o sub-centurion_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v the_o number_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o velite_n may_v alter_v according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o legion_n but_o not_o the_o triarii_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v with_o every_o legion_n but_o say_v not_o that_o they_o make_v a_o part_n of_o every_o legion_n these_o three_o hundred_o horse_n he_o divide_v into_o ten_o turm_n or_o troop_n and_o officer_n they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o cavalry_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v marshal_v where_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a thought_n they_o may_v do_v best_a service_n and_o now_o we_o have_v the_o polybian_a legion_n no_o word_n here_o for_o all_o this_o how_o deep_a that_o be_v how_o many_o in_o file_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o what_o or_o how_o much_o ground_n be_v allow_v for_o distance_n between_o file_n or_o rank_n or_o yet_o how_o great_a the_o interval_n be_v between_o the_o several_a maniple_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o class_n or_o what_o between_o the_o class_n themselves_o or_o between_o the_o several_a troop_n of_o horse_n a_o great_a oversight_n for_o of_o all_o these_o we_o be_v force_v to_o hear_v other_o man_n conjecture_n and_o make_v use_n of_o our_o own_o as_o we_o shall_v offer_v to_o do_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o distance_n and_o interval_n of_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o horse_n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o our_o conjecture_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a first_o to_o know_v what_o this_o word_n interval_n proper_o signify_v and_o how_o it_o be_v take_v in_o both_o ancient_n and_o modern_a fortification_n town_n castle_n and_o camp_n be_v defend_v not_o only_o with_o rampart_n of_o earth_n and_o wall_n of_o stone_n but_o also_o with_o great_a log_n or_o stake_n of_o timber_n which_o we_o call_v palliâ—adoes_n these_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o language_n call_v valli_n and_o i_o suppose_v thereafter_o the_o rampart_n itself_o get_v the_o vallum_n vallus_fw-la and_o vallum_n name_n of_o vallus_fw-la and_o vallum_n hence_o perhaps_o our_o wall_n these_o stake_n be_v and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n long_o and_o short_a the_o first_o stand_v straight_o up_o from_o the_o ground_n the_o second_o have_v the_o one_o end_n of_o they_o fix_v in_o the_o rampart_n and_o the_o other_o lie_v on_o it_o to_o hinder_v a_o approach_n to_o it_o distinguish_v by_o the_o german_n by_o several_a name_n for_o they_o call_v the_o long_a stake_n palliâ—adoes_n and_o the_o short_a one_o stoccado_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o sharp-pointed_a at_o both_o end_n the_o ground_n earth_n or_o part_n of_o the_o rampart_n between_o two_o pallisadoe_n or_o stoccado_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o interval_n but_o it_o be_v borrow_a and_o appropriate_v to_o what_o interval_n what_o any_o distance_n between_o body_n great_a and_o small_a yea_o to_o the_o space_n that_o be_v between_o one_o time_n and_o another_o a_o interval_n of_o time_n be_v now_o language_n proper_a enough_o and_o physician_n borrow_v it_o and_o call_v a_o intermit_a ague_n febris_n intervallata_n a_o intervalled_a favour_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n there_o be_v between_o roman_a rank_n and_o between_o tell_v deepness_n of_o the_o file_n not_o tell_v file_n between_o several_a body_n of_o either_o their_o horse_n or_o foot_n no_o ancient_a author_n have_v clear_v to_o we_o but_o leave_v we_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o guess_v at_o they_o till_o we_o condescend_v how_o many_o in_o file_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v marshal_v i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o vegetius_n in_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n vegetius_n by_o vegetius_n of_o his_o second_o book_n seem_v to_o make_v the_o foot_n eleven_o deep_a because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o he_o order_v a_o contubernium_fw-la of_o soldier_n to_o manage_v a_o carrobalist_n and_o that_o he_o say_v consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o vegetius_n his_o file_n be_v precise_o eleven_o no_o more_o than_o what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n that_o ten_o thousand_o man_n draw_v up_o in_o six_o rank_n will_v take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n in_o front_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o roman_a foot_n be_v draw_v up_o six_o deep_a and_o so_o for_o vegetius_n we_o know_v not_o the_o deepness_n of_o either_o the_o roman_a foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o will_v we_o be_v one_o jot_n the_o wise_a for_o polybius_n for_o the_o discourse_n he_o have_v in_o his_o twelve_o book_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o horse_n polybius_n nor_o by_o polybius_n eight_o in_o file_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o roman_a militia_n for_o
ill_a that_o these_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n take_v no_o more_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n but_o one_o thousand_o pace_n that_o be_v five_o thousand_o foot_n a_o thing_n pure_o impossible_a for_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n be_v allow_v by_o himself_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o next_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n require_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o distance_n multiply_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o by_o three_o the_o product_n be_v four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o these_o want_n but_o 5_o foot_n of_o vegetius_n his_o one_o thousand_o pace_n where_o shall_v then_o the_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o combatant_n stand_v certain_o they_o have_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o foot_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o add_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o to_o four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o the_o aggregate_v be_v six_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o one_o foot_n a_o three_o more_o than_o vegetius_n allow_v to_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n in_o imitation_n of_o he_o terduzzi_n commit_v the_o very_a same_o error_n in_o his_o five_o and_o six_o chapter_n in_o the_o next_o place_n vegetius_n allow_v six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o rank_n the_o second_o of_o rank_n rank_n because_o man_n must_v run_v when_o they_o throw_v their_o dart_n and_o javeline_n for_o so_o they_o cast_v they_o with_o great_a â—orce_n vehementius_fw-la say_v he_o i_o think_v he_o speak_v reason_n but_o not_o at_o all_o sense_n when_o he_o aver_v that_o six_o rank_n of_o man_n have_v one_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v for_o every_o rank_a to_o stand_v on_o and_o six_o foot_n between_o one_o rank_n and_o another_o take_v up_o forty_o two_o foot_n of_o ground_n from_o the_o van_n to_o the_o rear_n that_o be_v as_o i_o think_v from_o the_o toe_n of_o the_o leader_n to_o the_o heel_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o for_o by_o his_o own_o account_n and_o allowance_n six_o rank_n can_v take_v 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allow_v both_o for_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o distance_n between_o they_o for_o a_o distance_n as_o lieutenant-colonel_n eltâ—n_n distance_n definition_n of_o a_o distance_n in_o his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o military_a art_n discribe_v it_o well_o be_v a_o place_n or_o interval_n of_o ground_n between_o every_o particular_a file_n and_o file_n and_o rank_a and_o rank_a and_o therefore_o no_o part_n of_o that_o ground_n on_o which_o the_o file_n oâ—_n rank_n stand_v when_o i_o look_v upon_o these_o place_n of_o vegetius_n and_o consider_v they_o i_o can_v not_o but_o approve_v of_o lipsâ—â—s_n for_o qualify_a he_o but_o on_o another_o account_n with_o the_o title_n of_o solutus_fw-la &_o negligens_fw-la the_o same_o lipsius_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n quarrel_n with_o polybius_n for_o not_o inform_v we_o what_o distance_n the_o several_a maniple_n keep_v one_o from_o another_o nor_o what_o interval_n be_v keep_v between_o the_o three_o great_a class_n and_o if_o that_o piece_n of_o polybius_n be_v not_o lose_v with_o other_o of_o his_o work_n assure_o it_o be_v a_o inexcusable_a oversight_n i_o dare_v not_o accuse_v vegetius_n of_o this_o neglect_n though_o lipsius_n seem_v to_o do_v it_o for_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o what_o he_o speak_v of_o understand_v vegetius_n 〈…〉_o to_o be_v understand_v the_o distance_n between_o rank_n as_o i_o have_v understand_v he_o it_o be_v in_o the_o fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o may_v have_v mean_v interval_n between_o the_o great_a body_n for_o in_o these_o place_n he_o use_v the_o word_n ordâ—_n and_o acies_fw-la indifferent_o and_o though_o ordo_fw-la be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o rank_n sometime_o for_o a_o band_n or_o company_n yet_o acies_fw-la be_v ever_o take_v for_o a_o battle_n or_o batallion_n and_o to_o i_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o that_o in_o the_o mentioned_a place_n he_o take_v ordo_fw-la for_o batallion_n and_o make_v six_o of_o they_o the_o first_o of_o principes_fw-la the_o second_o of_o hastati_fw-la the_o three_o forth_z and_z fifth_z of_o light_n arm_v the_o six_o of_o triarii_n now_o it_o be_v palpable_a these_o great_a body_n be_v not_o rank_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o consist_v of_o ten_o rank_n but_o be_v all_o several_a batallion_n whereof_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o he_o compose_v his_o legion_n but_o whether_o he_o mean_v rank_n or_o batallion_n the_o error_n i_o mention_v be_v still_o the_o same_o in_o make_v six_o several_a body_n be_v they_o rank_n file_n squadron_n or_o batallion_n to_o have_v six_o distance_n for_o they_o can_v possible_o have_v more_o than_o five_o but_o if_o in_o these_o place_n he_o allow_v but_o six_o foot_n of_o interval_n between_o these_o class_n and_o great_a body_n it_o speak_v he_o to_o have_v be_v almost_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n when_o he_o write_v it_o as_o the_o reader_n may_v collect_v from_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n but_o be_v neither_o polybius_n nor_o vegetius_n help_v we_o much_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o interval_n lipsius_n in_o his_o four_o book_n comfort_v we_o and_o tell_v we_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v so_o profitable_a much_o lipsius_n undertake_v much_o a_o business_n as_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o interval_n to_o remain_v in_o darkness_n in_o finibus_fw-la noctis_fw-la be_v his_o word_n in_o the_o border_n of_o night_n and_o therefore_o promise_v out_o of_o the_o plentiful_a magazine_n of_o his_o own_o read_n to_o clear_v the_o whole_a matter_n to_o we_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a he_o will_v not_o be_v a_o man_n of_o his_o word_n for_o the_o great_a undertaker_n be_v seldom_o the_o best_a performer_n however_o it_o be_v fit_a we_o hear_v he_o for_o he_o deserve_v it_o first_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o conceive_v that_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o hastati_fw-la performâ—â—â—ttle_a but_o performâ—â—â—ttle_a and_o the_o principes_fw-la be_v fifty_o foot_n and_o between_o the_o 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writer_n i_o have_v no_o more_o than_o he_o and_o that_o be_v none_o at_o all_o each_o of_o the_o two_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la consist_v of_o twelve_o hundred_o man_n which_o be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a make_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o file_n vegetius_n allow_v three_o foot_n distance_n between_o file_n these_o make_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o foot_n in_o front_n add_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n for_o the_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o ground_n that_o either_o of_o these_o batallion_n stand_v on_o be_v four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o foot_n in_o longitude_n but_o to_o shun_v debate_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o allow_v but_o one_o foot_n for_o every_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o two_o foot_n of_o interval_n between_o file_n and_o so_o the_o front_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la though_o they_o have_v be_v all_o marshal_v
velite_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v but_o only_o either_o to_o advance_v to_o the_o van_n or_o retire_v to_o the_o rear_n through_o they_o and_o he_o know_v too_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o maniple_n be_v principal_o for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n to_o fall_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o second_o class_n and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o three_o batallion_n for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o full_a back_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o to_o allow_v but_o ten_o foot_n for_o every_o one_o of_o these_o interval_n be_v a_o inexcusable_a error_n in_o he_o and_o a_o conjecture_n which_o have_v no_o coherence_n with_o sense_n nor_o can_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o reason_n that_o general_n never_o breathe_v that_o can_v draw_v up_o a_o band_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o twelve_o file_n in_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n now_o every_o maniple_n of_o the_o pâ—â—â—cipes_n and_o hastati_fw-la according_a to_o polybius_n who_o lipsius_n follow_v consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n and_o these_o be_v ten_o deep_a constitute_v twelve_o file_n these_o have_v eleven_o interval_n every_o one_o of_o which_o being_n three_o foot_n make_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v twelve_o to_o that_o for_o the_o twelve_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o aggregate_v maniples_n true_a interval_n between_o maniples_n be_v forty_o five_o foot_n and_o if_o you_o allow_v but_o two_o foot_n for_o every_o interval_n between_o file_n the_o interval_n between_o two_o maniple_n must_v be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a you_o can_v allow_v less_o ground_n for_o a_o interval_n than_o that_o which_o a_o body_n possess_v that_o be_v ordain_v to_o stand_v in_o that_o interval_n hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o common_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v of_o forty_o five_o foot_n or_o thirty_o four_o at_o least_o and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n of_o ninety_o foot_n or_o sixty_o eight_o at_o least_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o maniple_n of_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o clear_n this_o point_n of_o distance_n i_o have_v be_v perhaps_o too_o prolix_a and_o have_v use_v repetition_n which_o i_o condemn_v in_o other_o but_o be_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o general_a notion_n of_o a_o roman_a army_n how_o it_o be_v marshal_v or_o of_o any_o other_o army_n unless_o you_o know_v the_o interval_n i_o have_v not_o think_v it_o amiss_o to_o spend_v a_o little_a paper_n on_o that_o subject_a and_o indeed_o we_o be_v leave_v as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v so_o in_o this_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o have_v i_o be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n for_o his_o extravagant_a conjecture_n of_o roman_a interval_n but_o i_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o accept_v and_o desire_v other_o to_o do_v so_o too_o of_o his_o own_o excuse_n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o as_o â—â—_o rerâ—â—â—â—_n veterâ—â—â—_n quas_fw-la excuse_v lipsius_n excuse_v revera_fw-la per_fw-la leves_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ah_o say_v he_o my_o darkness_n or_o that_o of_o ancient_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o must_v hunt_v after_o with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o through_o fallacious_a footstep_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o you_o may_v read_v very_o frequent_o in_o roman_a story_n of_o socii_fw-la ally_n and_o confederate_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n and_o stipulation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o a_o assistance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o consul_n require_v till_o a_o little_a before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n after_o that_o you_o shall_v read_v no_o more_o of_o they_o for_o than_o they_o be_v all_o make_v citizen_n of_o rome_n and_o reckon_v to_o be_v of_o one_o incorporation_n the_o difference_n between_o ally_n and_o auxiliary_n be_v the_o first_o can_v only_a be_v italian_n the_o second_o be_v of_o any_o other_o nation_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o we_o read_v of_o no_o ally_n that_o join_v with_o lucullâ—â—_n sylla_n pompâ—y_n caesar_n anthony_n vespasian_n and_o his_o son_n titus_n yet_o we_o find_v their_o army_n mighty_o strengthen_v by_o auxiliary_n but_o indeed_o the_o roman_n do_v but_o fool_n some_o of_o the_o italian_a town_n and_o republic_n with_o the_o goodly_a show_n of_o alliance_n and_o the_o honourable_a title_n of_o socii_fw-la whereas_o true_o they_o use_v they_o no_o better_a than_o vassal_n oblige_v use_v roman_n ally_n ill_o use_v they_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o pursuance_n of_o their_o ambitious_a design_n with_o as_o many_o force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n as_o the_o senate_n please_v to_o impose_v on_o they_o and_o to_o serve_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n except_o a_o little_a proviant_a which_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o same_o ally_n they_o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n hence_o come_v these_o many_o grievance_n of_o the_o confederated_a town_n mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n and_o once_o a_o total_a rapture_n of_o the_o latin_n from_o they_o till_o after_o much_o bloodshed_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n till_o the_o roman_n have_v overmastered_n hannibal_n philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o the_o great_a king_n of_o syria_n antiochus_n we_o shall_v seldom_o read_v of_o any_o of_o their_o army_n that_o be_v not_o pvissant_o assist_v by_o their_o ally_n the_o number_n either_o as_o to_o foot_n or_o horse_n ally_n number_n of_o the_o ally_n of_o which_o that_o assistance_n consist_v may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a time_n of_o their_o conjunction_n but_o that_o they_o be_v determinate_o and_o constant_o stint_v to_o such_o a_o number_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a story_n yet_o i_o find_v vegetius_n very_o positive_a in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o offer_v to_o assure_v vegetius_n mistake_v by_o vegetius_n his_o reader_n that_o neither_o ally_n nor_o auxiliary_n be_v ever_o in_o one_o army_n strong_a than_o the_o roman_n take_v his_o own_o word_n illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la ratio_fw-la servata_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la unquam_fw-la ampliâ—r_fw-la multitudo_fw-la sociorum_fw-la auxiliaxiumve_fw-la â—sset_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la quam_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la that_o care_n say_v he_o be_v take_v that_o no_o great_a number_n of_o ally_n or_o auxiliary_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o camp_n than_o of_o roman_a citizen_n and_o machiavelli_n in_o the_o three_o machiavelli_n mistake_v by_o machiavelli_n book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n say_v that_o every_o consular_a army_n consist_v of_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v eleven_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n which_o make_v also_o eleven_o thousand_o foot_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v a_o word_n to_o both_o of_o they_o together_o and_o then_o several_o to_o each_o of_o they_o both_o of_o they_o have_v read_v livy_n and_o till_o they_o have_v produce_v a_o more_o authentic_a historian_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v give_v he_o the_o lie_n so_o broad_o this_o author_n in_o his_o twenty_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o hannibal_n come_v to_o italy_n cor._n scipio_n and_o sempronius_n levy_v six_o legion_n of_o roman_n each_o of_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o cast_v up_o the_o total_a of_o they_o to_o be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o ally_n say_v he_o forty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n this_o want_v but_o four_o thousand_o of_o the_o double_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o four_o hundred_o more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o his_o thirty_o five_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n the_o consul_n quintius_n raise_v two_o legion_n each_o of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n in_o all_o ten_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n say_v he_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v double_a the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o the_o horse_n exceed_v livius_n prove_v out_o of_o livius_n the_o roman_a by_o two_o hundred_o in_o the_o istrian_a war_n a_o little_a before_o that_o of_o macedon_n livy_n in_o his_o forty_o first_o book_n say_v ten_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v and_o of_o the_o ally_n twelve_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o
officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v between_o their_o confederated_a friend_n and_o their_o vassal_n which_o i_o hint_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o point_n the_o consul_n have_v more_o power_n over_o the_o ally_n than_o over_o the_o roman_n themselves_o for_o the_o roman_a people_n for_o most_o part_n choose_v the_o roman_a tribune_n and_o not_o the_o consul_n chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o some_o mistake_v concern_v it_o i_o know_v not_o from_o whence_o this_o denomination_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n be_v come_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o polybius_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v that_o ordinary_o every_o year_n four_o legion_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o state_n service_n two_o for_o every_o consul_n and_o this_o livy_n do_v witness_v to_o have_v be_v do_v often_o but_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v assert_v that_o a_o consul_n never_o have_v more_o or_o few_o legion_n in_o his_o army_n than_o two_o polybius_n mean_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n consist_v for_o most_o part_n of_o two_o roman_a legion_n six_o hundred_o horse_n with_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n and_o twelve_o hundred_o horse_n but_o he_o never_o say_v that_o it_o be_v constant_o so_o for_o than_o he_o have_v contradict_v his_o own_o history_n in_o many_o place_n but_o i_o rather_o conceive_v author_n call_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o above_o specify_v number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o authority_n and_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o vegetius_n who_o describe_v both_o a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n i_o shall_v army_n vegetius_n describe_v a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n faithful_o english_a his_o word_n thus_o the_o ancient_n say_v he_o have_v by_o exrerience_n learned_a to_o obviate_v difficulty_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v skilful_a than_o numerous_a army_n â—_o therefore_o they_o think_v in_o war_n of_o lesser_a moment_n one_o legion_n with_o the_o auxiliary_n that_o be_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n may_v suffice_v which_o the_o praetor_n as_o lesser_a chieftan_n often_o lead_v in_o expedition_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v report_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o a_o consular_a power_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v send_v with_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o the_o fierce_a nation_n do_v rebel_v than_o too_o great_a necessity_n force_v they_o two_o chieftan_n with_o two_o army_n be_v send_v with_o this_o command_n that_o either_o the_o one_o consul_n or_o both_o shall_v look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v receive_v no_o damage_n in_o fine_a say_v he_o since_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v to_o make_v war_n almost_o himself_o and_o contradict_v himself_o every_o year_n in_o several_a country_n against_o divers_a enemy_n they_o think_v these_o force_n may_v suffice_v because_o they_o judge_v it_o be_v not_o so_o profitable_a to_o entertain_v great_a army_n as_o those_o that_o be_v well_o exercise_v and_o train_v in_o arm_n thus_o far_o vegetius_n let_v we_o take_v his_o discourse_n in_o piece_n and_o examine_v it_o according_a to_o his_o own_o writing_n and_o no_o man_n else_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o aver_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o army_n first_o in_o the_o praetorian_a army_n few_o in_o a_o legion_n than_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n in_o this_o place_n he_o say_v a_o praetorian_a army_n wherein_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o another_o of_o ally_n shall_v have_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n the_o foot_n two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o few_o than_o in_o his_o own_o account_n there_o shall_v be_v in_o two_o legion_n and_o the_o horse_n five_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o more_o than_o himself_o allow_v to_o the_o cavalry_n of_o two_o legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o his_o word_n former_o be_v that_o no_o legion_n shall_v be_v under_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o those_o heavy_a arm_v too_o and_o whereas_o by_o his_o own_o appointment_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n every_o legion_n shall_v have_v have_v seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n more_o than_o any_o other_o author_n allow_v in_o this_o chapter_n he_o increase_v their_o number_n to_o one_o thousand_o for_o he_o order_v the_o horse_n of_o four_o legion_n to_o be_v full_a four_o thousand_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o below_o and_o the_o horse_n one_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o above_o his_o own_o allowance_n you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n clash_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v not_o i_o that_o quarrel_n with_o he_o in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o say_v if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fierce_a nation_n rebel_v rebel_v against_o who_o certain_o he_o mean_v against_o the_o roman_n but_o how_o can_v they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
this_o because_o he_o be_v support_v by_o one_o who_o by_o his_o other_o writing_n have_v make_v himself_o well_o enough_o know_v and_o that_o be_v nicâ—l_a machiavelli_n who_o in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n very_o magisterial_o tell_v assertion_n machiavelli_n his_o assertion_n we_o that_o the_o ally_n foot_v never_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o roman_n but_o their_o horse_n be_v some_o more_o i_o have_v speak_v to_o both_o these_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n but_o he_o add_v that_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o great_a necessity_n never_o use_v more_o than_o two_o consular_a army_n and_o that_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o combatant_n i_o hope_v the_o instance_n i_o have_v use_v against_o vegetius_n in_o this_o same_o cause_n may_v serve_v sufficient_o to_o confute_v machiavelli_n but_o here_o i_o must_v observe_v the_o florentine_n presumption_n in_o the_o model_a his_o roman_a consular_a army_n first_o he_o make_v every_o legion_n to_o consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o foot_n a_o thing_n we_o never_o hear_v from_o any_o other_o author_n nor_o he_o from_o vegetius_n who_o be_v constant_o for_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n next_o he_o make_v the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o ally_n to_o be_v seven_o hundred_o for_o every_o legion_n contrary_a to_o most_o author_n who_o make_v they_o but_o six_o but_o we_o shall_v let_v that_o pass_v with_o he_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v make_v up_o his_o consular_a army_n of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n thus_o two_o confute_v confute_v roman_a legion_n eleven_o thousand_o foot_n ally_n foot_n as_o many_o these_o amount_v to_o twenty_o two_o thousand_o then_o six_o hundred_o roman_a horse_n and_o fourteen_o hundred_o of_o the_o ally_n be_v two_o thousand_o horse_n in_o all_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o let_v this_o i_o say_v be_v give_v but_o not_o grant_v he_o why_o conclude_v he_o positive_o that_o two_o consular_a army_n consist_v of_o fifty_o thousand_o fight_a man_n where_o do_v the_o secretary_n of_o florence_n learn_v this_o arithmetic_n to_o make_v fifty_o the_o aggregate_v of_o twice_o twenty_o four_o yet_o if_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o more_o dangerous_a error_n we_o may_v pardon_v he_o this_o but_o to_o return_v to_o vegetius_n he_o give_v i_o too_o oft_o just_a occasion_n to_o think_v that_o lipsius_n wrong_v he_o not_o much_o when_o he_o say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v veterum_fw-la rerum_fw-la parum_fw-la firmiter_fw-la sciens_fw-la not_o thorough_o acquaint_v with_o ancient_a matter_n chap._n xvii_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n marshal_v in_o the_o field_n and_o of_o some_o general_a officer_n belong_v to_o it_o in_o so_o important_a a_o affair_n upon_o the_o right_n or_o wrong_n manage_n of_o which_o depend_v the_o conservation_n or_o ruin_n not_o only_o of_o the_o roman_a army_n but_o of_o the_o state_n polybius_n afford_v we_o no_o more_o light_n than_o what_o he_o have_v do_v in_o marshal_v the_o legionary_a foot_n and_o if_o he_o be_v right_a in_o that_o we_o be_v to_o look_v for_o little_a or_o no_o help_n from_o vegetius_n who_o order_v of_o a_o legion_n we_o have_v reject_v only_o we_o admit_v what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n though_o thereby_o he_o contradict_v himself_o that_o equites_fw-la locantur_fw-la in_o cornibus_fw-la the_o horse_n be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n but_o have_v in_o the_o several_a foregoing_a chapter_n show_v you_o how_o as_o far_o as_o any_o author_n have_v give_v we_o light_a the_o foot_n be_v marshal_v of_o what_o number_n both_o they_o and_o the_o horse_n be_v and_o how_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o of_o what_o number_n the_o ally_n be_v and_o how_o they_o be_v divide_v i_o suppose_v our_o business_n now_o be_v how_o to_o join_v they_o in_o one_o body_n or_o army_n and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n to_o observe_v what_o custom_n be_v use_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_n though_o as_o either_o occasion_n offer_v emergency_n require_v or_o necessity_n force_v the_o roman_a captain_n use_v several_a figure_n and_o form_n of_o battle_n yet_o that_o which_o be_v most_o ordinary_a and_o most_o use_v be_v the_o quadrate_n or_o square_n but_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o mean_a a_o equilateral_a one_o as_o terduzzi_n will_v glad_o have_v it_o to_o be_v to_o which_o purpose_n he_o put_v himself_o to_o more_o trouble_n than_o he_o need_v and_o in_o do_v so_o he_o show_v nice_a terduzzi_n over_o nice_a himself_o more_o an_o engineer_n as_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v to_o basta_n the_o emperor_n rodolph_n the_o second_v captain_n general_n in_o transilvania_n than_o a_o marshal_n of_o a_o field_n needs_o to_o be_v but_o i_o mean_v such_o a_o quadrate_n or_o square_n as_o the_o general_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n imagine_v that_o either_o the_o ground_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o his_o own_o design_n do_v or_o may_v prompt_v he_o to_o make_v but_o in_o regard_n we_o can_v say_v but_o little_a to_o marshal_n till_o we_o condescend_v of_o what_o and_o how_o many_o member_n ordinary_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v compose_v and_o though_o the_o number_n of_o both_o roman_a and_o ally_n legion_n vary_v oft_o yet_o because_o for_o most_o part_n the_o legion_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n and_o the_o horse_n be_v three_o hundred_o and_o that_o ordinary_o two_o legion_n and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n be_v send_v to_o the_o field_n with_o a_o consul_n and_o that_o also_o for_o most_o part_n the_o foot_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o almost_o constant_o they_o be_v double_a their_o number_n in_o horse_n let_v we_o follow_v polybius_n and_o say_v the_o consular_a army_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o horse_n in_o all_o eighteen_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v i_o can_v tell_v you_o better_o how_o a_o roman_a army_n be_v marshal_v when_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v than_o to_o inform_v you_o how_o scipio_n the_o great_a or_o the_o african_a scipio_n roman_a army_n marshal_v by_o scipio_n draw_v up_o his_o army_n when_o he_o be_v to_o fight_v against_o syphax_n and_o asdrubal_n and_o that_o out_o of_o the_o fourteen_o book_n of_o polybius_n there_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_a consul_n draw_v up_o his_o foot_n in_o the_o body_n or_o battle_n first_o his_o hastati_fw-la next_o his_o principes_fw-la and_o three_o his_o triarii_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n be_v his_o roman_a horse_n and_o on_o the_o leave_v his_o numidian_n and_o here_o our_o author_n in_o one_o word_n and_o once_o for_o all_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o marshal_v their_o army_n in_o that_o fashion_n his_o word_n be_v et_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la romanae_fw-la militiae_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la servavit_fw-la and_o when_o the_o same_o scipio_n fight_v against_o his_o redoubt_a enemy_n hannibal_n he_o do_v the_o very_a like_a only_o with_o this_o alteration_n that_o he_o command_v his_o legate_n lâ—lius_n to_o command_v the_o roman_a cavalry_n on_o the_o left_a wing_n and_o set_v king_n masanissa_n with_o his_o numidian_a horse_n on_o the_o right_n this_o one_o example_n may_v teach_v we_o how_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v ordinary_o embattele_v but_o here_o be_v no_o word_n of_o the_o ally_n i_o suppose_v if_o scipio_n have_v any_o as_o likely_a he_o have_v their_o horse_n be_v join_v with_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n in_o both_o those_o battle_n since_o the_o other_o wing_n at_o both_o time_n be_v give_v to_o the_o auxiliary_a numidian_n but_o where_o a_o army_n be_v pure_o compose_v of_o roman_n and_o ally_n they_o field_n army_n of_o roman_n and_o ally_n marshal_v together_o in_o the_o field_n be_v marshal_v as_o we_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o polybius_n his_o six_o book_n and_o other_o author_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o roman_a six_o hundred_o horse_n be_v place_v on_o the_o right_a wing_n upon_o their_o left-hand_a the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n foot_n consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o eight_o hundred_o of_o it_o be_v take_v out_o for_o extraordinary_n upon_o the_o left-hand_a of_o the_o ally_n first_o legion_n stand_v the_o first_o roman_a legion_n and_o next_o it_o the_o second_o and_o upon_o the_o left-hand_a of_o it_o be_v marshal_v the_o second_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o upon_o the_o left-wing_n stand_v the_o confederate_n cavalry_n to_o the_o number_n of_o eight_o hundred_o for_o four_o hundred_o of_o their_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v cull_v out_o for_o extraordinary_n now_o those_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o turme_n or_o troop_n as_o the_o roman_a six_o hundred_o horse_n be_v
of_o the_o author_n but_o since_o i_o intend_v not_o in_o this_o treatise_n to_o present_v my_o reader_n with_o any_o figure_n of_o my_o own_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v he_o with_o any_o that_o belong_v to_o another_o chap._n xviii_o of_o several_a figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o battle_n if_o a_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a have_v not_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o he_o be_v to_o fight_v he_o must_v marshal_v his_o army_n according_a to_o the_o advantage_n or_o difficulty_n of_o it_o but_o if_o he_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n than_o no_o doubt_n he_o may_v model_n his_o force_n as_o he_o please_v without_o tie_v himself_o to_o any_o other_o prescript_n or_o precedent_n of_o other_o notwithstanding_o which_o he_o must_v be_v very_o wary_a not_o to_o cast_v his_o army_n in_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o intricacy_n such_o as_o may_v make_v both_o the_o order_n and_o observe_v it_o difficult_a and_o more_o especial_o he_o be_v to_o be_v very_o rich_a of_o change_v the_o figure_n of_o his_o army_n in_o the_o time_n of_o action_n action_n dangerous_a to_o alter_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o army_n in_o time_n of_o action_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o army_n be_v compose_v of_o such_o member_n as_o be_v for_o most_o part_n rude_a gross_a and_o of_o so_o dull_a understanding_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a in_o a_o instant_n to_o apprehend_v the_o reason_n of_o sudden_a alteration_n or_o to_o dive_v into_o the_o design_n of_o their_o great_a commander_n and_o therefore_o a_o change_n of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o battle_n after_o a_o army_n be_v engage_v may_v cast_v it_o into_o confusion_n which_o may_v quick_o render_v it_o a_o prey_n to_o a_o attentive_a and_o vigilant_a enemy_n the_o figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n not_o only_a grecian_n and_o roman_n but_o even_o of_o those_o nation_n likewise_o who_o both_o these_o be_v please_v to_o qualify_v batallion_n five_o figure_n of_o batallion_n with_o the_o title_n of_o barbarian_n be_v for_o most_o part_n of_o five_o kind_n these_o be_v the_o quadrate_n or_o square_n the_o wedg_n the_o tenaille_n or_o tongue_n the_o saw_n and_o the_o globe_n the_o quadrate_n or_o square_n they_o subdivide_v into_o three_o sort_n to_o wit_n the_o turrite_n the_o lie_v lateritial_a and_o the_o simple_a lateritial_a the_o turrite_n be_v that_o battle_n turrite_n quadrate_n turrite_n who_o height_n or_o depth_n be_v much_o great_a than_o its_o front_n as_o draw_v up_o a_o thousand_o man_n six_o deep_a let_v they_o face_n either_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o leave_v you_o shall_v see_v they_o but_o six_o in_o front_n and_o a_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o deep_a it_o be_v the_o quadrate_n turrite_v so_o call_v because_o its_o height_n or_o depth_n make_v it_o look_v like_o a_o tower_n it_o be_v but_o seldom_o use_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o useless_a the_o simple_a latrice_n be_v 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so_o close_o that_o he_o may_v have_v no_o time_n to_o rally_v and_o to_o force_v he_o out_o of_o his_o strong_a hold_n before_o he_o recover_v breath_n to_o gather_v strength_n but_o we_o shall_v find_v not_o only_a hannibal_n defective_a in_o this_o so_o important_a a_o duty_n of_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o many_o of_o the_o roman_n themselves_o even_o against_o this_o carthaginian_a arch-enemy_n of_o they_o livy_n inform_v we_o in_o his_o twenty_o seven_o book_n that_o at_o canusiâ—m_n marcellus_n beat_v roman_n not_o always_o practise_v by_o the_o roman_n he_o hannibal_n get_v to_o his_o camp_n and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n march_v out_o of_o it_o marcellus_z not_z pursuing_z he_o get_v work_n enough_o to_o do_v with_o he_o afterward_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o twenty_o nine_o book_n that_o the_o consul_n sempronius_n and_o proconsul_n licinius_n fight_v with_o the_o same_o hannibal_n in_o the_o brâ—tian_a country_n and_o defeat_v he_o but_o they_o not_o 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the_o city_n which_o i_o suppose_v the_o ambition_n of_o a_o triumph_n frequent_o lead_v they_o to_o but_o if_o these_o very_a often_o victorious_a roman_n receive_v the_o foil_n as_o sometime_o they_o do_v they_o do_v even_o that_o which_o many_o more_o ancient_a people_n do_v before_o they_o and_o many_o young_a have_v do_v since_o and_o that_o be_v they_o either_o flee_v or_o retire_v if_o they_o flee_v downright_a without_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o camp_n either_o their_o speed_n carry_v they_o away_o or_o they_o save_v their_o life_n by_o submit_v to_o such_o condition_n as_o themselves_o often_o impose_v upon_o those_o who_o by_o the_o chance_n of_o war_n come_v to_o be_v their_o captive_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o prisoner_n of_o what_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n fly_v or_o retire_v to_o a_o camp_n be_v camp_n of_o a_o retreat_n to_o a_o camp_n shall_v be_v touch_v when_o i_o come_v to_o view_v lipsius_n his_o comparison_n of_o the_o 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to_o believe_v that_o the_o dare_a roman_n for_o most_o part_n seek_v their_o enemy_n who_o in_o that_o case_n can_v not_o but_o be_v in_o their_o van_n either_o march_v to_o mete_v they_o or_o march_v away_o from_o they_o if_o the_o enemy_n march_v to_o meet_v they_o the_o roman_a baggage_n either_o before_o the_o legion_n itself_o or_o between_o the_o several_a body_n of_o it_o can_v not_o but_o give_v they_o those_o inevitable_a embarass_n and_o inconvenience_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v if_o a_o enemy_n march_v from_o they_o why_o do_v so_o prudent_a a_o people_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v make_v their_o own_o baggage_n a_o hindrance_n to_o they_o in_o overtake_v that_o enemy_n in_o who_o pursuit_n they_o march_v for_o let_v any_o man_n consider_v it_o right_n the_o great_a baggage_n that_o be_v the_o artillery_n engine_n and_o machine_n or_o the_o stuff_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v their_o spare_a arm_n the_o shop_n where_o and_o utensil_n wherewith_o they_o be_v make_v 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that_o the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n keep_v the_o like_a guard_n and_o do_v the_o like_a duty_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v and_o since_o polybius_n have_v already_o say_v that_o the_o roman_a legion_n be_v bind_v to_o fortify_v and_o defend_v the_o two_o reason_n but_o without_o reason_n end_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o ally_n the_o two_o side_n i_o conceive_v lâ—psius_n may_v without_o suspicion_n of_o witchcraft_n have_v guess_v nay_o past_o his_o word_n for_o it_o that_o the_o roman_n keep_v guard_n at_o the_o praetorian_a and_o decâ—â—an_a port_n and_o the_o ally_n at_o the_o two_o principal_a port_n and_o now_o i_o hope_v lipsius_n be_v reconcile_v with_o polybius_n the_o roman_a watchword_n be_v give_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o tribune_n who_o tâ—ssâ—ra_n roman_a watchword_n or_o tâ—ssâ—ra_n turn_v it_o be_v to_o officiate_v and_o the_o praefecti_fw-la of_o the_o ally_n receive_v it_o from_o the_o consul_n and_o towards_o night_n at_o the_o go_v down_o of_o the_o sun_n one_o 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of_o the_o troop_n order_v his_o subdecurion_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o acquaint_v such_o four_o who_o turn_v it_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n that_o follow_a night_n and_o this_o the_o subdecurion_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v before_o he_o dine_v as_o also_o at_o night_n he_o be_v to_o acquaint_v the_o decurion_n of_o the_o next_o troop_n that_o it_o be_v his_o turn_n next_o night_n after_o to_o order_v the_o round_n if_o any_o of_o they_o fail_v in_o this_o duty_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o heavy_a censure_n the_o four_o horseman_n who_o be_v appoint_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n cast_a lot_n who_o shall_v ride_v the_o round_n of_o the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o vigil_n after_o that_o they_o go_v horseman_n a_o duty_n incumbent_n on_o the_o horseman_n all_o four_o to_o the_o tribune_n to_o be_v clear_v by_o he_o what_o guard_n they_o be_v to_o visit_v and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o new_a post_n ordain_v beside_o the_o ordinary_a one_o have_v do_v there_o they_o go_v to_o sleep_v beside_o the_o primipilus_fw-la or_o first_o centurion_n of_o the_o triarii_n which_o be_v quarter_v near_a the_o eagle_n and_o this_o be_v a_o honour_n to_o hiâ—_n as_o terduzzi_n say_v and_o so_o indeed_o it_o may_v be_v but_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v if_o they_o do_v not_o lie_v without_o the_o door_n of_o his_o tent_n in_o regard_n i_o think_v he_o can_v hardly_o accommodate_v they_o within_o after_o supper_n the_o guard_n be_v set_v he_o who_o turn_n it_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o first_o round_n go_v about_o the_o whole_a guard_n belong_v to_o that_o legion_n and_o from_o he_o who_o be_v centinel_n he_o take_v the_o tessera_fw-la which_o he_o carry_v away_o with_o he_o and_o so_o he_o do_v from_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o quaternion_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o
a_o sight_n by_o proclamation_n give_v they_o three_o day_n to_o live_v before_o their_o death_n shall_v be_v resolve_v on_o by_o he_o but_o in_o vain_a for_o a_o of_o they_o dispatch_v themselves_o except_o such_o as_o be_v by_o force_n bond_n and_o chain_n compel_v to_o live_v you_o may_v read_v their_o lamentable_a tragedy_n in_o polyâ—â—â—_n his_o sixteenth_o book_n and_o in_o the_o thirty_o first_o of_o titus_n livius_n nor_o do_v the_o roman_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n give_v better_o quarter_v one_o to_o another_o war_n romans_z cruel_a to_o prisoner_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n except_o câ—sar_n than_o they_o do_v to_o stranger_n pâ—â—â—â—ius_n kill_v those_o soldier_n of_o câ—sar's_n who_o he_o find_v in_o his_o camp_n though_o câ—sar_n spare_v those_o of_o peâ—â—eiâ—s_n and_o send_v they_o back_o to_o he_o sciplâ—_n pompey_n father-in-law_n put_v aâ—_n those_o of_o câ—sar's_n party_n to_o death_n who_o he_o take_v prisoner_n syâ—â—â—_n after_o all_o his_o victory_n very_o 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dictator_n who_o save_v the_o roman_a state_n make_v a_o agreement_n with_o hannibal_n for_o the_o exchange_n and_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n of_o a_o like_a quality_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o those_o who_o after_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v supernumerary_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v â—eaâ—_n eight_o pound_n sterling_n at_o one_o exchange_n there_o be_v two_o hundred_o â—orty_fw-la seven_o more_o roman_n than_o carthaginian_n hannibal_n demand_v their_o ransom_n fabius_n send_v to_o avarice_n romanâ—enates_n â—enates_z avarice_n the_o senate_n for_o it_o who_o base_o refuse_v the_o money_n and_o disow_v the_o agreement_n what_o can_v the_o good_a old_a man_n fabius_n do_v but_o send_v his_o son_n to_o rome_n and_o sell_v a_o part_n of_o his_o patrimony_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o hannibal_n which_o be_v near_o two_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n a_o vast_a sum_n in_o those_o day_n but_o they_o deal_v worse_o with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o man_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o cannae_n who_o they_o injustice_n it_o be_v cruelty_n and_o injustice_n will_v neither_o ransom_n out_o of_o the_o public_a pâ—rse_n nor_o suffer_v the_o prisoner_n themselves_o or_o their_o friend_n to_o ransom_n out_o of_o their_o private_a fortune_n and_o estate_n and_o though_o the_o senate_n flatter_v themselves_o by_o call_v this_o act_n of_o their_o own_o magnanimous_a yet_o since_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n in_o it_o it_o can_v carry_v no_o generosity_n along_o with_o it_o for_o if_o these_o captive_n roman_n misbehave_a themselves_o in_o the_o battle_n the_o senate_n be_v bouâ—d_v in_o honour_n to_o ransom_n they_o and_o punish_v they_o themselves_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rot_v in_o prison_n with_o their_o capital_a enemy_n assure_o this_o action_n want_v for_o neither_o avarice_n nor_o cruelty_n for_o strange_a it_o be_v thus_o to_o punish_v common_a soldier_n and_o yet_o to_o send_v out_o some_o principal_a senator_n to_o meet_v and_o compliment_v 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so_o may_v hannibal_n have_v do_v to_o their_o prisoner_n and_o true_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o can_v be_v oblige_v to_o â—eed_v those_o who_o their_o own_o master_n will_v not_o ransom_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o opinion_n polybâ—â—s_n have_v of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n who_o be_v a_o grave_a use_v polybius_n his_o opinion_n how_o prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v historian_n a_o great_a statesman_n and_o a_o good_a captain_n in_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o aristomachuâ—_n who_o be_v a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v torture_v to_o death_n he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n that_o neither_o antigonâ—â—_n king_n of_o macedon_n nor_o aratus_n praetor_n of_o the_o achâ—ans_n can_v be_v call_v cruel_a for_o put_v a_o captive_n to_o death_n with_o torment_n for_o though_o aristomachus_n have_v not_o deserve_v that_o usage_n otherwise_o yet_o they_o may_v have_v do_v all_o to_o he_o that_o be_v donâ—_n â—ure_n belli_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o war_n give_v the_o 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give_v condition_n and_o article_n which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o twenty_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war._n i_o know_v not_o whether_o amilcar_n hannibal_n father_n deal_v candid_o when_o he_o treat_v and_o capitulate_v with_o spendius_n and_o antaritus_n the_o ringleader_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a tax_v amilcar_n tax_v revolt_a mercenary_n and_o make_v it_o a_o article_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o carthage_n to_o choose_v any_o ten_o of_o the_o rebel_n they_o please_v and_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o they_o think_v good_a and_o when_o this_o be_v agree_v to_o he_o immediate_o seize_v on_o they_o two_o as_o two_o of_o these_o ten_o sure_o if_o they_o have_v think_v they_o have_v be_v in_o that_o danger_n they_o have_v never_o sign_v a_o paper_n tend_v so_o direct_o to_o their_o own_o destruction_n and_o therefore_o that_o article_n be_v sign_v against_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o capitulator_n and_o so_o 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same_o caesar_n give_v a_o caveat_n to_o all_o commander_n in_o chief_a either_o of_o army_n or_o part_n of_o army_n or_o of_o city_n or_o castle_n not_o to_o parley_v in_o person_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o sad_a story_n how_o he_o lose_v one_o full_a legion_n and_o five_o cohort_n of_o another_o by_o the_o simple_a folly_n of_o his_o legate_n sabinus_n first_o in_o believe_v the_o intelligence_n of_o ambiorix_n a_o profess_a enemy_n and_o next_o in_o go_v in_o person_n with_o his_o it_o his_o great_a loss_n by_o it_o principal_a officer_n to_o treat_v and_o parley_v with_o the_o same_o ambiorix_n upon_o the_o bare_a word_n or_o parol_n of_o a_o faithless_a barbarian_a by_o who_o he_o and_o his_o officer_n be_v immediate_o kill_v and_o then_o their_o force_n present_o after_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o take_v take_v here_o a_o perfidious_a trick_n of_o a_o roman_a at_o a_o parley_n comius_n a_o gallic_a prince_n have_v not_o be_v very_o faithful_a to_o rome_n caesar_n legate_n labienus_n appoint_v one_o volusenus_n to_o parley_n with_o comius_n the_o gaul_n have_v get_v the_o accustom_a assurance_n come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o volusenus_n by_o order_n from_o labienus_n as_o out_o of_o friendship_n take_v he_o by_o the_o hand_n but_o hold_v it_o fast_o till_o one_o of_o his_o centurion_n give_v he_o a_o deep_a legat._n perfidy_n of_o a_o roman_a legat._n wound_n on_o the_o head_n but_o it_o not_o prove_v mortal_a comius_n escape_v and_o swear_v thereafter_o never_o to_o trust_v a_o roman_a if_o caesar_n have_v either_o cut_v off_o his_o legate_n head_n or_o according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n use_v in_o such_o case_n deliver_v he_o over_o to_o the_o incense_a gaul_n for_o this_o treacherous_a act_n than_o the_o same_o labienus_n have_v not_o afterward_o perfidious_o desert_v himself_o and_o run_v over_o to_o pompey_n sempronius_n gracchus_n be_v betray_v by_o his_o host_n leave_v his_o command_n and_o be_v proconsul_n go_v in_o person_n to_o parley_v with_o some_o carthaginian_n from_o the_o result_n whereof_o he_o expect_v syphax_n gracchus_n kill_v at_o a_o parley_n scipio_n the_o african_a question_v for_o his_o parley_n with_o syphax_n great_a matter_n but_o he_o never_o return_v for_o he_o be_v environ_v and_o kill_v with_o all_o his_o retinue_n scipio_n the_o african_a though_o a_o accomplish_a captain_n no_o doubt_n forget_v his_o duty_n when_o he_o leave_v his_o charge_n in_o spain_n and_o go_v to_o africa_n to_o treat_v with_o syphax_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o army_n and_o at_o that_o time_n accompany_v by_o asdrubal_n a_o profess_a enemy_n to_o the_o roman_a name_n and_o nation_n have_v no_o assurance_n for_o his_o safety_n but_o the_o word_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o scipio_n himself_o account_v barbarous_a and_o though_o he_o escape_v that_o hazard_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o escape_v the_o severe_a reproof_n of_o great_a fabius_n who_o to_o his_o face_n and_o in_o full_a senate_n charge_v he_o with_o this_o inexcusable_a oversight_n in_o very_o rough_a and_o bitter_a language_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o livy_n thirty_o book_n nor_o do_v i_o look_v on_o the_o personal_a parley_n between_o the_o same_o scipio_n and_o the_o famous_a hannibal_n before_o their_o last_o battle_n at_o zama_n but_o as_o a_o extravagant_a action_n of_o two_o such_o renown_a chieftain_n the_o enterview_n of_o king_n and_o sovereign_a prince_n have_v seldom_o prove_v fortunate_a or_o gain_v those_o advantage_n to_o either_o party_n that_o be_v expect_v but_o this_o discourse_n belong_v to_o another_o chapter_n to_o conclude_v the_o apprehension_n of_o bad_a quarter_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o promise_n and_o article_n and_o the_o suspicion_n of_o ill_a usage_n have_v make_v many_o refuse_v quarter_n desperate_a way_n to_o prevent_v bad_a quarter_n all_o quarter_n reject_v all_o treaty_n and_o distrust_v all_o article_n and_o agreement_n and_o by_o a_o
to_o most_o of_o his_o conquest_n i_o much_o wonder_v why_o stevechius_n will_v reckon_v ston_a to_o be_v a_o roman_a punishment_n for_o we_o find_v nothing_o of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o i_o know_v in_o history_n he_o tell_v we_o as_o he_o say_v out_o of_o florus_n he_o may_v have_v say_v out_o of_o livius_n too_o that_o posthumius_fw-la a_o roman_a general_n be_v kill_v with_o stone_n by_o his_o own_o soldier_n but_o that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o a_o mutinous_a army_n to_o their_o commander_n in_o chief_a be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v a_o punishment_n authorize_v by_o law_n for_o he_o confess_v it_o be_v do_v in_o a_o mutiny_n seditione_n facta_fw-la i_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o mutiny_n in_o another_o place_n what_o punishment_n be_v legal_o inflict_v on_o the_o roman_a officer_n and_o soldier_n punishment_n roman_n punishment_n we_o be_v leave_v to_o glean_v out_o of_o history_n for_o polybius_n speak_v but_o of_o few_o and_o vegetius_n of_o none_o that_o i_o remember_v except_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n where_o he_o say_v the_o tirones_fw-la who_o either_o do_v not_o willing_o learn_v their_o exercise_n or_o make_v no_o great_a proficiency_n in_o they_o be_v feed_v with_o barley_n instead_o of_o wheat_n but_o we_o find_v that_o manner_n of_o punishment_n impose_v on_o the_o veteran_n as_o well_o as_o the_o novitiate_v and_o for_o other_o fault_n livy_n in_o his_o thirty_o seven_o book_n say_v that_o some_o company_n who_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v feed_v with_o barley_n feed_v with_o barley_n barley_n polybius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o tribune_n have_v power_n to_o fine_a to_o take_v pledge_n and_o to_o whip_v with_o rod_n and_o a_o centurion_n have_v power_n to_o whip_v with_o vine_n for_o a_o twig_n of_o a_o vine_n be_v his_o badge_n whereby_o he_o be_v know_v tacitus_n say_v that_o one_o lucilius_n a_o centurion_n be_v nick_n name_v cadâ—_n alterâ—â—_n because_o when_o he_o have_v break_v birche_n whip_v with_o vine_n and_o birche_n one_o twig_n on_o the_o back_n of_o a_o soldier_n he_o call_v for_o a_o second_o and_o a_o three_o observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o a_o soldier_n may_v not_o resist_v his_o centurion_n when_o he_o be_v chastise_v he_o for_o if_o he_o but_o hold_v the_o rod_n he_o be_v cashier_v and_o if_o he_o break_v it_o he_o die_v for_o it_o and_o this_o will_v prove_v what_o i_o assert_v in_o another_o place_n that_o the_o roman_a centurion_n be_v sometime_o hangman_n yet_o in_o these_o day_n they_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o such_o no_o more_o than_o beâ—ajaâ—_n solomon_n captain_n general_n be_v think_v a_o hangman_n for_o kill_v his_o predecessor_n joaâ—_n adonijah_n and_o shimei_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n at_o his_o great_a master_n command_n scipio_n the_o numantine_a cause_v every_o soldier_n to_o be_v whip_v severe_o that_o go_v ever_o so_o little_o out_o of_o his_o rank_n or_o fall_v behind_o if_o he_o be_v a_o roman_a soldier_n he_o be_v whip_v 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pikâ—_n serve_v the_o infantry_n he_o much_o commend_v this_o piece_n and_o praise_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o excessive_o but_o he_o give_v we_o no_o perfect_a description_n of_o it_o at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v make_v i_o who_o never_o see_v it_o apprehend_v it_o aright_o he_o call_v it_o a_o musket_n and_o half-pike_n if_o so_o then_o two_o weapon_n but_o for_o most_o part_n he_o call_v it_o a_o weapon_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n and_o therefore_o not_o two_o weapon_n he_o tell_v we_o by_o this_o weapon_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v safe_a within_o the_o barricado_n of_o their_o steel_n palisadoe_n for_o so_o he_o call_v it_o by_o this_o the_o weapon_n shall_v be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o shall_v be_v use_v as_o the_o swedish_n feather_n and_o if_o so_o it_o will_v make_v but_o one_o weapon_n and_o the_o musket_n will_v make_v another_o he_o say_v this_o weapon_n may_v be_v use_v as_o a_o musket_n rest_v but_o if_o it_o have_v no_o more_o use_n than_o that_o experience_n will_v make_v it_o useless_a and_o at_o length_n he_o assure_v uâ—_n that_o this_o weapon_n the_o musquet-half-pike_n will_v save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o treasure_n spend_v by_o prince_n on_o pike_n headpiece_n back_n and_o breast_n he_o tell_v we_o of_o such_o stuff_n before_o but_o good_a god_n can_v a_o barricado_n of_o half-pike_n defend_v a_o man_n head_n and_o body_n so_o well_o from_o a_o shot_n as_o a_o head-piece_n or_o a_o corslet_n can_v and_o to_o conclude_v he_o direct_v all_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v this_o new_a weapon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o artillery-garden_n at_o london_n where_o they_o may_v be_v satisfy_v in_o all_o their_o curiosity_n but_o i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o weapon_n which_o he_o cry_v up_o to_o be_v of_o so_o general_a a_o good_a and_o can_v bring_v so_o universal_a a_o advantage_n to_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v within_o so_o narrow_a a_o plot_n of_o secret_n shall_v not_o 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weak_a according_a to_o the_o nearness_n of_o a_o enemy_n foot_n be_v full_a and_o complete_a i_o think_v either_o in_o field_n or_o garrison_n a_o enemy_n not_o be_v near_o the_o four_o night_n duty_n be_v enough_o to_o keep_v officer_n and_o soldier_n in_o mind_n of_o their_o business_n though_o i_o know_v other_o think_v the_o three_o night_n easy_a enough_o if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o and_o have_v not_o yet_o make_v approach_n it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o weary_a soldier_n more_o than_o be_v needful_a the_o three_o night_n watch_n will_v be_v sufficient_a for_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o number_n as_o the_o carefulness_n order_n and_o diligence_n of_o watch_n that_o preserve_v a_o camp_n town_n or_o fort_n from_o surprisal_n but_o when_o a_o enemy_n have_v invest_v the_o place_n and_o make_v approach_n more_o sentinel_n be_v requisite_a and_o consequent_o more_o man_n aught_v to_o be_v on_o the_o guard_n and_o this_o may_v bring_v the_o duty_n to_o the_o 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general_n shall_v appoint_v and_o these_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v visit_v often_o by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o cavalry_n who_o be_v on_o the_o watch_n â—r_o by_o the_o lieutenant_n or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n these_o visit_n be_v ordin_fw-fr 〈…〉_o y_fw-es call_v patroâ—llies_n or_o patrovilles_n to_o distinguish_v they_o i_o think_v from_o the_o visit_n of_o the_o foot_n guard_n which_o be_v call_v round_n in_o garrison_n horseman_n be_v seldom_o require_v to_o watch_v in_o the_o night_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o siege_n but_o in_o the_o day_n time_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o ride_v out_o in_o party_n as_o strong_a and_o as_o far_o as_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v and_o this_o duty_n be_v ordinary_o call_v recognosce_v or_o beat_v the_o street_n within_o a_o leaguer_n the_o foot_n keep_v guard_n constant_o beside_o these_o outer_a post_n speak_v of_o already_o the_o guards_z within_z be_v twofold_a ordinary_a and_o twofold_a foot_n guardâ—_n twofold_a extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a be_v those_o which_o be_v keep_v within_o the_o fortification_n for_o its_o necessary_a defence_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o bastion_n curtain_n redoubt_n or_o sconce_n the_o extraordinary_a be_v such_o as_o be_v keep_v at_o the_o general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o other_o general_a officer_n lodging_n at_o the_o proviant_a the_o wagon_n at_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n but_o observe_v that_o here_o the_o sentinel_n must_v stand_v with_o pike_n for_o be_v so_o near_o powder_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v burn_a match_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o take_v tabaco_n there_o be_v also_o two_o kind_n of_o sentinel_n extraordinary_a sentinel_n and_o ordinary_a one_o the_o extraordinary_a sentinel_n be_v those_o we_o call_v forlorn_a the_o word_n we_o horrid_a forlorn_a sentinel_n or_o perdues_z of_o horrid_a have_v from_o the_o dutch_a which_o signify_v lose_v the_o french_a call_v they_o perdues_z which_o be_v the_o same_o there_o be_v of_o they_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o first_o sit_v on_o horse_n back_o with_o his_o ordinary_a arm_n the_o foot_n perdue_n lie_v on_o his_o belly_n but_o have_v foot_n forlorn_a sentinel_n of_o foot_n neither_o musket_n fusee_fw-fr or_o carabine_n only_o a_o sword_n draw_v and_o if_o he_o be_v master_n of_o a_o dagger_n and_o a_o pistol_n he_o may_v have_v they_o too_o he_o be_v call_v lose_v because_o he_o be_v put_v in_o the_o most_o dangerous_a place_n and_o near_a the_o enemy_n neither_o be_v he_o to_o come_v back_o if_o he_o be_v only_o attack_v by_o one_o man_n if_o by_o two_o he_o may_v retire_v to_o the_o next_o perdue_n if_o there_o be_v any_o but_o if_o a_o great_a number_n than_o two_o come_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o run_v quick_o and_o alarm_n that_o guard_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v in_o this_o place_n speak_v of_o a_o alarm_n i_o wonder_v why_o monsieur_n de_fw-fr gaya_n in_o the_o 82_o page_n of_o his_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o garrison_n when_o alarm_n be_v beat_v or_o sound_v all_o soldier_n shall_v first_o meet_v at_o their_o captain_n house_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o to_o maintain_v this_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o strange_a doctrine_n unless_o he_o have_v assurance_n that_o a_o enemy_n will_v neither_o enter_v nor_o scalade_n till_o his_o soldier_n first_o very_o fair_o meet_v at_o their_o captain_n lodging_n and_o then_o march_v to_o their_o post_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n i_o hold_v it_o more_o convenient_a that_o the_o soldier_n run_v as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v though_o man_n by_o man_n â—_o la_fw-fr desbandad_o direct_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rampart_n or_o retrenchment_n ordain_v for_o they_o to_o defend_v common_o call_v post_n or_o alarm-place_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o captain_n quarter_n we_o make_v it_o the_o sergeant_n duty_n to_o place_v the_o foot_n perdues_z at_o these_o post_n appoint_v by_o the_o sergeant_n major_n but_o i_o have_v know_v it_o do_v by_o the_o furâ—r_n or_o caporal_a of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o where_o such_o a_o officer_n be_v allow_v it_o seem_v to_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n and_o not_o to_o the_o sergeant_n who_o have_v employment_n enough_o beside_o he_o who_o be_v to_o be_v perdue_n shall_v be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n who_o the_o french_a call_n appoint_v and_o where_o these_o have_v no_o allowance_n of_o pay_n the_o captain_n shall_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o who_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o behaviour_n he_o conceive_v most_o fit_a for_o that_o employment_n the_o furer_n or_o sergeant_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o forlorn_a to_o his_o post_n and_o bring_v the_o other_o away_o with_o he_o he_o be_v also_o oblige_v frequent_o to_o visit_v his_o perdues_z for_o veâ—y_n often_o if_o they_o be_v not_o vigilant_a they_o be_v steal_v away_o bâ—_n a_o active_a enemy_n and_o therefore_o no_o perdues_z either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v entrust_v with_o the_o word_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v take_v a_o better_a order_n in_o my_o opinion_n than_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n who_o entrust_v their_o common_a soldier_n with_o the_o tessera_fw-la our_o forlorn_a sentinel_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o field_n when_o two_o army_n lyâ—_n near_o other_o wait_v their_o advantage_n but_o they_o be_v especial_o make_v use_n of_o at_o sieges_n of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n the_o ordinary_a sentinel_n if_o he_o belong_v to_o the_o cavalry_n stand_v on_o horseback_n foot_n ordinary_a sentinel_n of_o horse_n of_o foot_n the_o footman_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o camp_n town_n or_o garrison_n stand_v with_o his_o ordinary_a arm_n it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v see_v gentleman_n of_o company_n stand_v with_o draw_v sword_n at_o the_o chamber-door_n of_o prince_n when_o they_o have_v be_v visit_v garrison_n but_o notwithstanding_o that_o all_o foot_n soldier_n shall_v stand_v without_o duty_n their_o duty_n door_n with_o their_o ordinary_a arm_n whether_o tâ—â—_n be_v pike_n or_o musket_n when_o they_o be_v sentinel_n and_o constant_o at_o their_o seâ—â—â—nel_n posture_n neither_o shall_v any_o of_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o set_v down_o their_o arm_n the_o whole_a time_n they_o be_v on_o that_o duty_n but_o if_o they_o be_v weary_a they_o may_v shoulder_v their_o pike_n or_o musket_n and_o walk_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o they_o and_o so_o refresh_v themselves_o but_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o commissionated_a officer_n they_o be_v immediate_o to_o return_v to_o their_o sentinel-posture_n yet_o they_o be_v never_o suffer_v to_o set_v their_o arm_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n but_o this_o be_v too_o much_o connive_v at_o by_o officer_n who_o thereby_o show_v
get_v it_o and_o then_o make_v a_o accord_n get_v article_n fair_a enough_o and_o give_v over_o the_o town_n the_o several_a work_n that_o be_v without_o the_o ditch_n of_o a_o royal_a fortification_n must_v outwork_n the_o several_a kind_n of_o outwork_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o so_o much_o that_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o a_o besieger_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o they_o before_o he_o make_v his_o approach_n to_o that_o side_n of_o the_o fortress_n on_o which_o any_o of_o these_o outer_a work_n be_v engineer_n ordinary_o make_v five_o kind_n of_o they_o these_o be_v halfmoon_n ravelines_n horn-work_n crown-work_n and_o tenailles_fw-fr some_o add_v a_o six_o kind_n traverse_n the_o manner_n to_o take_v they_o be_v the_o same_o i_o have_v already_o describe_v only_o i_o add_v that_o it_o will_v be_v sit_v if_o possible_a to_o take_v away_o the_o water_n out_o of_o those_o moat_n that_o be_v not_o dry_a for_o the_o ground_n of_o water-ditche_n often_o prove_v muddy_a yet_o the_o mud_n be_v soon_o make_v passable_a with_o fascines_n than_o water_n be_v it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o ditch_n be_v any_o thing_n deep_a after_o the_o water_n be_v away_o you_o must_v have_v ladder_n to_o descend_v at_o the_o counterscarp_n but_o these_o may_v help_v you_o to_o ascend_v the_o scarp_n or_o the_o faux_fw-fr bray_n if_o the_o fort_n have_v one_o the_o take_v away_o water_n from_o a_o ditch_n be_v very_o ordinary_a and_o practicable_a ditch_n to_o draw_v water_n from_o a_o ditch_n by_o any_o engineer_n if_o there_o be_v a_o descend_a ground_n from_o any_o part_n of_o the_o moat_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o have_v be_v say_v he_o who_o lead_v a_o army_n if_o he_o find_v none_o of_o these_o work_n without_o the_o counterscarp_n to_o retard_v he_o and_o the_o place_n itself_o either_o be_v not_o well_o fortify_v or_o scarce_o of_o man_n and_o munition_n or_o those_o within_o be_v timorous_a or_o do_v not_o well_o agree_v among_o themselves_o or_o that_o by_o his_o intelligence_n he_o have_v learned_a that_o the_o governor_n be_v either_o not_o experience_v not_o vigilant_a or_o be_v a_o man_n of_o little_a authority_n or_o courage_n after_o his_o first_o summons_n by_o the_o answer_n whereof_o he_o may_v guess_v at_o the_o governors_n resolution_n he_o may_v to_o save_v his_o master_n much_o expense_n and_o himself_o and_o his_o army_n much_o time_n and_o labour_n approach_n to_o storm_v without_o approach_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o arrive_v make_v battery_n and_o after_o a_o furious_a cannonading_n fill_v up_o the_o moat_n as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a one_o clap_v ladder_n to_o the_o wall_n and_o his_o soldier_n be_v well_o refresh_v and_o encourage_v hazard_v a_o storm_n with_o probability_n enough_o of_o success_n but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n if_o the_o place_n be_v well_o man_v though_o the_o fortification_n be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a and_o command_v by_o a_o successful_a inconsiderate_a assault_n seldom_o successful_a active_a and_o experience_a governor_n who_o have_v good_a officer_n under_o he_o and_o want_v for_o neither_o meat_n artillery_n arm_n or_o munition_n it_o be_v but_o high_a presumption_n or_o rather_o madness_n to_o give_v a_o assault_n without_o these_o previous_a approach_n breach_n and_o zap_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n a_o very_a martial_a prince_n blemish_v his_o reputation_n in_o military_a affair_n by_o his_o inconsiderate_a storm_a copenhagen_n in_o which_o be_v the_o danish_a king_n with_o all_o his_o family_n many_o of_o the_o nobless_v of_o denmark_n a_o good_a soldiery_n three_o thousand_o student_n well_o arm_v and_o some_o thousand_o of_o burgess_n who_o be_v to_o fight_v manful_o for_o all_o that_o can_v be_v dear_a to_o man_n on_o earth_n the_o event_n of_o this_o assault_n be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o attempt_n for_o charles_n gustavus_n be_v beat_v off_o with_o a_o great_a loss_n of_o gustavus_n charles_n gustavus_n both_o his_o army_n and_o honour_n nor_o be_v his_o uncle_n gustavus_n adolphus_n excusable_a though_o he_o be_v the_o mars_n of_o his_o time_n for_o storm_v the_o imperial_a general_n wallenstein_n adelphus_n gustavus_n adelphus_n camp_n at_o nuremburg_n strong_o fortify_v on_o a_o hill_n and_o who_o with_o his_o own_o and_o the_o bavarian_a force_n have_v as_o many_o man_n within_o his_o leaguer_n as_o the_o king_n have_v without_o yet_o be_v the_o assault_n obstinate_o continue_v almost_o a_o whole_a day_n and_o as_o resolute_o be_v the_o camp_n defend_v by_o the_o imperialist_n insomuch_o that_o the_o hill_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o fire_n and_o smoke_n the_o conclusion_n be_v the_o king_n be_v beat_v off_o and_o force_v to_o leave_v some_o thousand_o of_o dead_a man_n on_o the_o place_n and_o fill_v all_o the_o lazaretto_n of_o nuremburg_n with_o those_o who_o be_v hurt_v and_o wound_v this_o action_n of_o his_o proceed_v from_o the_o great_a confidence_n he_o have_v in_o his_o fortune_n and_o former_a success_n but_o here_o she_o turn_v her_o back_n and_o frown_v upon_o he_o nor_o do_v she_o ever_o smile_v on_o he_o afterward_o for_o about_o three_o month_n after_o that_o he_o lose_v his_o life_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lutsen_n there_o be_v a_o book_n of_o military_a matter_n dedicate_v by_o a_o italian_a earl_n to_o the_o late_a french_a king_n this_o king_n father_n it_o be_v call_v il_fw-fr guerriero_n prudente_fw-la &_o politica_fw-la del_fw-it conde_n galeazzo_n gualdo_n priorato_fw-mi after_o he_o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o attack_n of_o fort_n he_o conclude_v thus_o il_fw-fr lavoro_fw-it dell_fw-it quali_fw-la battery_n traverse_v gallery_n approci_n &_o alâ—re_o simili_fw-la attioni_fw-it essendâ—_n opere_fw-la insegnate_n diligentissima_fw-la ment_fw-la da_fw-la molti_fw-la buoni_fw-la autori_fw-la sparmiâ—ro_fw-la il_fw-fr tedio_fw-la che_fw-it potesse_n ricevere_a il_fw-fr lettore_fw-la da_fw-mi queste_n mie_fw-mi imperfette_v fatiche_a the_o labour_n or_o travel_v of_o these_o battery_n traverse_n gallery_n approach_n and_o such_o other_o action_n be_v work_n which_o have_v be_v most_o diligent_o teach_v by_o many_o good_a author_n i_o shall_v be_v spare_v to_o give_v my_o reader_n the_o trouble_n he_o may_v receive_v from_o these_o imperfect_a fatigue_n of_o i_o these_o word_n i_o desire_v my_o reader_n to_o look_v upon_o as_o my_o language_n or_o at_o least_o as_o my_o sense_n by_o which_o i_o excuse_v myself_o from_o run_v out_o more_o copious_o on_o those_o particular_n chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o defence_n of_o fortify_v place_n against_o all_o the_o way_n of_o expugnation_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o fort_n of_o governor_n of_o their_o duty_n and_o qualification_n there_o be_v as_o many_o several_a way_n and_o mean_n to_o preserve_v and_o defend_v town_n fort_n castle_n and_o citadel_n as_o there_o be_v to_o take_v they_o but_o the_o most_o difficult_a part_n of_o all_o be_v to_o guard_v against_o treachery_n it_o be_v a_o close_a and_o hide_a engine_n treachery_n how_o to_o guard_v against_o treachery_n against_o which_o open_a defence_n be_v seldom_o proof_n nor_o do_v i_o know_v any_o better_a way_n than_o for_o a_o governor_n still_o to_o imagine_v he_o may_v be_v betray_v and_o therefore_o to_o be_v constant_o on_o his_o guard_n to_o trust_v but_o few_o and_o yet_o seem_v to_o trust_v all_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o wary_a eye_n without_o seem_v to_o be_v jealous_a on_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o place_n upon_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o his_o garrison_n especial_o on_o such_o as_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o revengeful_a discontent_a or_o avaritious_a inclination_n and_o if_o he_o learn_v that_o there_o be_v any_o tamper_n between_o any_o one_o of_o they_o and_o a_o enemy_n he_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o proceed_v against_o they_o with_o just_a severity_n for_o that_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v poena_fw-la ad_fw-la paucos_fw-la terror_fw-la ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la if_o the_o governor_n have_v any_o intelligence_n at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v enemy_n to_o his_o master_n or_o with_o the_o secretary_n of_o their_o general_n it_o will_v be_v easy_a for_o he_o to_o learn_v what_o traitor_n he_o have_v in_o his_o garrison_n and_o to_o proceed_v according_o against_o they_o a_o good_a antidote_n also_o against_o the_o poison_n of_o treachery_n be_v neither_o to_o trust_v the_o several_a port_n nor_o post_n of_o a_o garrison_v place_n constant_o to_o one_o officer_n nor_o to_o one_o company_n or_o band_n of_o soldier_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o watch_n and_o guard_n it_o have_v be_v of_o bad_a consequence_n in_o all_o age_n and_o will_v be_v ever_o a_o temptation_n to_o all_o base_a and_o treacherous_a soul_n to_o hatch_v treasonable_a design_n the_o do_v it_o ruine_v the_o late_a gallant_a duke_n of_o guise_n and_o all_o his_o great_a action_n guise_n
â—fficere_fw-la nequeat_fw-la war_n say_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o artifices_fw-la nay_o it_o be_v so_o horrible_a a_o thing_n that_o nothing_o can_v make_v it_o honest_a but_o extreme_a necessity_n or_o true_a charity_n well_o i_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o take_v what_o he_o grant_v and_o that_o be_v that_o war_n sometime_o be_v honest_a and_o if_o so_o i_o think_v he_o must_v grant_v that_o those_o who_o manage_v that_o honest_a war_n and_o those_o be_v soldier_n may_v be_v sometime_o honest_a and_o therefore_o not_o more_o detestable_a than_o hangman_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v any_o sober_a man_n endue_v with_o any_o reasonable_a proportion_n of_o solid_a judgement_n though_o he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o the_o name_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o will_v ready_o grant_v that_o war_n be_v the_o great_a scourge_n of_o mankind_n shall_v not_o be_v begin_v till_o either_o our_o own_o extreme_a necessity_n or_o the_o love_n and_o charity_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o neighbour_n force_v we_o to_o it_o and_o herein_o do_v all_o the_o moral_a philosopher_n and_o the_o wise_a ruler_n of_o the_o ancient_a heathen_n full_o agree_v with_o christian_a doctor_n but_o how_o shall_v that_o war_n which_o either_o extreme_a necessity_n on_o our_o own_o part_n or_o charity_n on_o our_o neighbour_n make_v lawful_a be_v manage_v but_o by_o soldier_n and_o how_o can_v soldier_n obtain_v the_o victory_n but_o by_o kill_v sometime_o their_o enemy_n and_o with_o what_o credit_n nay_o with_o what_o conscience_n or_o with_o what_o comfort_n can_v soldier_n kill_v their_o enemy_n if_o the_o very_o kill_v they_o render_v soldier_n more_o detestable_a than_o hangman_n if_o grotius_n have_v say_v that_o those_o soldier_n who_o kill_v impotent_a old_a man_n woman_n and_o child_n or_o prisoner_n in_o cold_a blood_n as_o too_o many_o do_v be_v more_o detestable_a than_o hangman_n i_o shall_v never_o have_v debate_v the_o matter_n with_o he_o no_o more_o than_o with_o reason_n 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a_o deity_n guilty_a of_o inhumanity_n treachery_n lechery_n and_o barbarous_a cruelty_n let_v either_o christian_a or_o all_o moral_o honest_a man_n judge_v whether_o this_o author_n this_o atheist_n this_o machiavelli_n shall_v have_v be_v permit_v to_o have_v live_v within_o the_o territory_n of_o either_o christian_a prince_n or_o state_n those_o who_o condemn_v the_o profession_n or_o art_n of_o soldiery_n smell_v rank_n of_o anabaptism_n and_o quakery_n both_o which_o sect_n condemn_v all_o war_n as_o unlawful_a for_o i_o conceive_v those_o who_o grant_v war_n to_o be_v sometime_o both_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a must_v of_o necessity_n grant_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o some_o to_o study_v the_o art_n how_o to_o manage_v that_o war_n with_o the_o great_a advantage_n those_o who_o be_v fit_a to_o study_v it_o be_v those_o who_o have_v no_o other_o trade_n or_o livelihood_n for_o that_o be_v the_o mean_a to_o make_v they_o study_v it_o the_o more_o accurate_o and_o when_o 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the_o design_n of_o france_n 1_o s._n mystery_n of_o jesuitism_n three_o and_o four_o part_n doctor_n sanway_n unreasonableness_n of_o the_o romanist_n record_v of_o urine_n doctor_n ashton_n case_n of_o scandal_n and_o persecution_n cole_n latin_a and_o english_a dictionary_n the_o trial_n of_o the_o regicide_n in_o 1660._o certain_a genuine_a remain_n of_o the_o lord_n bacon_n in_o argument_n civil_a moral_a natural_a etc._n etc._n with_o a_o large_a account_n of_o all_o his_o work_n by_o dr._n tho._n tennison_n dr._n puller_n discourse_n of_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n dr._n saywel_n original_a of_o all_o the_o plot_n in_o christendom_n sir_n john_n munsons_n discourse_n of_o supreme_a power_n and_o common_a right_o dr._n henry_n bagshaw_n discourse_n on_o select_a text_n mr._n seller_n remark_n relate_v to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o three_o first_o century_n the_o countryman_n physician_n for_o the_o use_n of_o such_o as_o live_v far_o 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island_n by_o capt._n robert_n knox_n a_o captive_a there_o near_o 20_o year_n fol._n mr._n camfield_n two_o discourse_n of_o episcopal_a confirmation_n octavo_fw-la bishop_n wilkin_n fifteen_o sermon_n never_o before_o extant_a mr._n john_n cave_n two_o sermon_n of_o the_o duty_n and_o benefit_n of_o submission_n to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n in_o affliction_n quar._n dr._n crawford_n serious_a expostulation_n with_o the_o whig_n in_o scotland_n quarto_n a_o letter_n give_v a_o relation_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o pope_n brief_a to_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o their_o protestation_n publish_a by_o dr._n burnet_n alphonsus_n borellus_n de_fw-fr motu_fw-la animalium_fw-la in_o 2_o vol._n quarto_fw-la dr._n salmon_n doron_n medicum_fw-la or_o supplement_n to_o his_o new_a london_n dispensatory_a octavo_fw-la sir_n james_n turner_n pallas_n armata_n or_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_n grecian_a roman_a and_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n fol._n mr._n tanner_n primordia_fw-la or_o the_o rise_n and_o growth_n of_o the_o first_o church_n of_o god_n describe_v octavo_n a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o last_o assembly_n general_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o france_n to_o the_o protestant_n invite_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o communion_n together_o with_o the_o method_n propose_v by_o they_o for_o their_o conviction_n translate_v into_o english_a and_o examine_v by_o dr._n gilb._n burnet_n octavo_n dr._n cave_n dissertation_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n by_o bishop_n metropolitan_o and_o patriarch_n more_o particular_o concern_v the_o ancient_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o encroachment_n of_o that_o upon_o other_o see_v especial_o constantinople_n octavo_n his_o history_n of_o the_o life_n act_n death_n and_o write_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a father_n of_o the_o church_n that_o flourish_v in_o the_o four_o century_n be_v a_o second_o volumn_n wherein_o among_o other_o thing_n be_v a_o account_n of_o arianism_n and_o all_o other_o sect_n of_o that_o age._n with_o a_o introduction_n contain_v a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o paganism_n under_o the_o first_o christian_n emperor_n folio_n book_n in_o the_o press_n doctor_n john_n lightfoot'_v work_n in_o english_a fol._n mr._n selden_n janus_n anglorum_fw-la english_v with_o note_n to_o which_o be_v add_v his_o epinomis_n concern_v the_o ancient_a government_n and_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n never_o before_o extant_a also_o two_o other_o treatise_n write_v by_o the_o same_o author_n one_o of_o the_o original_a of_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n of_o testament_n the_o other_o of_o the_o disposition_n or_o administration_n of_o intestates_fw-la good_n now_o the_o first_o time_n publish_v fol._n mezeray_n history_n of_o france_n render_v into_o engl._n fol._n gul._n ten-rhyne_n med._n doct._n dissertat_fw-la de_fw-fr arthritide_fw-la mantyssa_n schematica_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr acupunctura_fw-la item_n orationes_fw-la tres_fw-fr de_fw-fr chemiae_n ac_fw-la botaniae_fw-la antiquitate_fw-la &_o dignitate_fw-la de_fw-fr physiognomia_fw-la &_o de_fw-la monstris_fw-la cum_fw-la figuris_fw-la &_o authoris_fw-la notis_fw-la illustratae_fw-la octavo_fw-la d._n spenceri_fw-la dissertationes_fw-la de_fw-la ratione_fw-la rituum_fw-la judaicorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n fol._n finis_fw-la
cover_v make_v of_o white_a iron_n like_o extinguisher_n purposely_o for_o that_o end_n but_o that_o some_o of_o they_o will_v be_v see_v by_o a_o vigilant_a enemy_n and_o thereby_o many_o secret_a erterprise_n be_v lose_v it_o be_v therefore_o good_a that_o for_o the_o half_a of_o the_o musket_n if_o not_o for_o they_o all_o flint-lock_n be_v make_v and_o keep_v careful_o by_o the_o captain_n of_o arm_n of_o each_o company_n that_o upon_o any_o such_o occasion_n or_o party_n the_o half_a or_o more_o of_o the_o other_o lock_n may_v be_v immediate_o take_v off_o and_o the_o flint-ones_a clap_v on_o by_o the_o gunsmith_n of_o the_o company_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v no_o danger_n of_o see_v burn_a match_n the_o sight_n whereof_o have_v ruin_v many_o good_a design_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o instance_n for_o all_o not_o long_o after_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o musket_n some_o spaniard_n be_v almost_o starve_v to_o death_n in_o instance_a instance_a coron_n by_o a_o blockade_n of_o the_o turk_n they_o hazard_v desperate_o and_o sally_v out_o and_o though_o they_o have_v some_o mile_n to_o march_v yet_o they_o do_v it_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o all_o imaginable_a industry_n and_o silence_n and_o have_v assure_o take_v the_o infidel_n â—â—pping_v if_o their_o burn_a match_n have_v not_o bewray_v their_o approach_n and_o this_o only_o mar_v the_o achievement_n of_o a_o noble_a exploit_n it_o be_v true_a they_o make_v a_o handsome_a retreat_n but_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o with_o the_o death_n of_o their_o chief_a commander_n one_o machichao_n a_o noble_a and_o stout_a gentleman_n i_o shall_v have_v tell_v you_o that_o all_o the_o musket_n of_o one_o army_n yea_o under_o one_o prince_n or_o state_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o calibre_n or_o bear_v there_o be_v beside_o these_o i_o have_v mention_v other_o weapon_n for_o the_o foot_n such_o foot_n other_o weapon_n for_o foot_n as_o long_a rapier_n and_o touk_n shable_n two_o hand_a sword_n 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