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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87190	Samuel Hartlib his legacie: or An enlargement of the Discourse of husbandry used in Brabant and Flaunders; wherein are bequeathed to the Common-wealth of England more outlandish and domestick experiments and secrets in reference to universall husbandry. Entered according to the late Act concerning printing.; Legacy of husbandry	Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.; Dymock, Cressy, attributed name.; Child, Robert, ca. 1612-1654, attributed name.; Weston, Richard, Sir, 1591-1652. Discours of husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders.	1651 (1651)	Wing H989; Thomason E628_11; ESTC R202377	80,387	139

briefly as may be and likewise how ingenious men may finde Remedies for these deficiencies First he would do the honest and painful Husband-man 1. deficiency concerning ploughs and carriages a very great pleasure and bring great profit to this Nation who could facilitate the going of the Plough and lighten our ordinary Carriages I wonder that so many excellent Mechanicks who have beaten their braines about the perpetual Motion and other curiosities that they might find the best wayes to ease all Motions should never so much as to honour the Plough which is the most necessary Instrument in the world by their labour and studies I suppose all know that it would be an extraordinary benefit to this Countrey if that 1. or 2. horses could plough and draw as much as 4. or 6. and further also that there is no small difference in ploughs and waggons when there is scarce any sure rule for the making them and every Countrey yea almost every County differs not onely in the ploughs but even in every part Some with wheels others without some turning the Rest as they call it as in Kent Picardy and Normandy others not some having Coulters of one fashion others of another others as the Dutch having an Iron wheele or circle for that purpose some having their sheares broad at point some not some being round as in Kent others flat sometying their horses by the taile as in Ireland So likewise Waggons and Carts differ some using 4. wheels others two onely some carrying timber on 2. wheeles in a Cart others with 4. wheeles and a long pole onely between which is the best way some plough with 2. horses onely as in Norfolke and beyond seas in France Italy where I never saw above three horses in a Plough and one onely to hold and drive but in Kent I have seen 4. 6. yea 12. horses and oxen which variety sheweth that the Husband-man who is ordinarily ignorant in Mechanicks is even at his wits end in this Instrument which he must necessarily use continually Surely he should deserve very well of this Nation and be much honoured by all that would set down exact Rules for the making of this most necessary yet contemned Instrument and for every part thereof for without question there are as exact Rules to be laid down for this as for Shipping other things And yet in Shipping how have we within these 6. years out-stripped our selves gone beyond all Nations for which Art some deserve eternal honour And why may we not in this I know a Gentleman who now is beyond seas where he excels even the Hollanders in their own businesse of draining who promised much in this kind and I think he is able to performe it I could wish he were called on to make good his promise In China it is ordinary to have waggons to passe up and down without horses or Oxen with sailes as ships do lately in Holland a waggon was framed which with ordinary sailes carryed 30. people 60. English miles in 4. houres I know some excellent schollars who promise much by the meanes of Horizontal sailes viz. to have 3. or 4. Ploughs to go together which shall likewise both sowe and harrow I dare not being ignorant in these high speculations engage my selfe to do much thereby but wish these Gentlemen whom I know to be extreamly ingenious would attempt something both for the satisfying of themselves and others There is an ingenious Yeoman of Kent who hath 2. ploughs fastened together very finely by the which he plougheth 2. furrowes at once one under another and so stirreth up the land 12. or 14. inches deep which in deep land is good Neare Greenwich there liveth an Honourable Gentleman who hath excellent Col. Blunt Corne on barren land and yet plougheth his land with one horse when as usually through Kent they use 4. and 6. These things shew that much may be done in this kinde and I hope some in these active times wil undertake and accomplish this work of so great importance There is a Book long since Printed made by Sir 2. Deficiency about digging of land Setting and howing in of Corne. Hugh Plattes the most curious man of his time called Adams Art revived wherein is shewed the great benefit which would accrew to this Nation if all land which were fit to be digg'd were so ordered and their corne set Mr. Gab. Plattes likewise hath written much of this kind and promiseth that men shall reape 100. for one all charges borne which are very great That this may be true he bringeth some probable Reasons supposing that lesse then a peck of Wheat will set an Acre I dare not promise so much as these Gentlemen do neither can I commend M. Gab. Plattes setting Instrument For I know there are many difficulties in it which he himselfe could never wade through but concerning digging and setting and howing in of Corne these things I dare maintaine 1. That it is a deficiency in Husbandry that it is used no more 2. That one good digging because it goeth deeper than the Plough and buryeth all weeds killeth the grasses is as good as three ploughings and if the Land be mellow not much more chargeable 3. That it would imploy many 1000. of people that a third part of the seed might be saved As I have found by experience that all the weeds and grasses might be more easily destroyed thereby and the ground better accommodated for other crops and to conclude the croppe considerably greater Yet thus much I must further say concerning setting of Graine That great Beanes are even of necessity to be set and that small Beanes in Surrey and other places are likewise set with Profit for the reasons above mentioned that to set Pease unlesse Hastevers Oates Barley is a thing even ridiculous that Wheate although in divers grounds it may be set with Profit yet to Howe it in as the Gardiners speak as they do Pease though not at the same distance but about a foot the ranges one from another is better then setting for these Reasons 1. Because to set Corne is an infinite trouble and charge and if it be not very exactly done which children neither can nor will do and these must be the chiefe setters will be very prejudicious 2. If wormes frost ill weather or fowles destroy any part of your seed which they will do your croppe is much impaired 3. The ground cannot be so well weeded and the mould raised about the roots by the howe Which 3. inconveniencies are remedied by the other way Further I dare affirme that after the ground is digged or ploughed and harrowed even it 's better to howe Wheate in then to sowe it after the common way because that the weeds may be easily destroyed by running the howe through it in the Spring and the mould raised about the roots of the Corne as the Gardiners do with Pease it would save much Corne in deare yeares and

Rub their teeth with salt or rather make a strong pickle with salt and water and force them to drinke thereof Some dry pitch in an oven and add to the pickle and have found very good successe for these Medicines do exsiccate the superfluous humidities open obstructions and kill wormes Some commend the Antimoniall Cup as a Catholick Medicine against all Diseases of Cattel 2. We are Ignorant of divers Ingenuities concerning feeding and fatting of Cattel and other creatures To instance in some And 1. Of the Horse who is a great feeder In Kent and Hartford-shire they usually cut all their Oates and Pease small and give them with their Chaffe by this meanes the Horses sooner fill themselves and eate all the straw up some put this Horsemeat into a bag and so order it that a little only lyeth in the Manger which when that is eaten up more falleth down and not before by this way Horses do not blow their meate nor throw it out of the Manger with their noses A further good peece of Husbandry they use which is this when their Horses are well fed at night they fill the rack with Wheate or Barly-straw and so leave them the Horse perceiving that that which is in the rack is not very pleasant lyeth down and taketh his rest which is as good to him as his meate if he rise in the night and fall to the rack and Manger as he usually doth and findeth nothing but straw he sleepeth till the morning but if it be Hay Tares or Pease the Jade will pull it all down and spoile it and likewise will be hindred from his rest by the which double damage doth ensue Currying and dressing of Horses ought not to be forgot it is halfe as good as their meate Brimstone and Elecampane rootes are the especiall Ingredients for this Physick 2. Of the feeding and fatting of Cowes We usually feed Cattel with straw in rackes in the yard or turne them to the fields and there let them feed as much and how they please which hath many Inconveniencies as first cattel spoile as much with their heeles as they eate especially if the ground be moist or if the flie be very troublesome and they blow and stench and tumble much and if the flie be busie they run up and downe and over-heate themselves and fat very little so that oftentimes in June or July they fatten as little as at Christmas and most of their dung is lost by these meanes c. But in Holland they do thus They keepe their cattel housed Winter and Summer for the Winter-provision they lay in not only hay but also graines which they buy in the Summer and bury in the ground and also Rape-seed Cakes and sowe Turnips not onely for themselves but their Cowes also with the which Turnips being sliced and their tops and Rape-Cakes and graines c. they make Meshes for their Cowes and give it them warme which the Cowes will slop up like Hogs and by this meanes they give very much Milke In the Summer-time they mowe the great Clover-grasse and give it them in ra●kes so that their cattel are not troubled with the pinching frosts nor rains nor with the parching Sun in Summer neither with the flie nor do they over-heate themselves or spoile halfe so much meate and are alwayes as fat as their Masters or Bacon-hogs The Dung and Vrine they charily preserve and thereby keepe their Meadowes of Clover-grasse which are constantly mowen twice or thrice yearly in good heart indeed cattel ought not to go amongst Clover-grasse because it usually groweth with long Haume as they call it like Pease which if it be broken will not thrive In Barmudaes they have a peculiar way of fattening their cattel not used any where else that I know which is with Greene Fennell that groweth in that Island plentifully There is a plant in Essex called Myrchis or Cow-pursley which groweth fast and early in the spring which they give their cattel at the beginning of the yeare and they eate it well It is an ill custome that is used almost every where to let Hogs ly in their Dirt and Dung when they are fattening for all creatures Generally do hate and abhorre their owne Dung and an Hog is the cleanliest of all creatures and will never dung nor stale in his Sty if he can get forth which other creatures will and though he tumble in the dirt in Summer yet that is partly to coole himselfe and partly to kill his Lice for when the dirt is dry he rubbeth it off and destroyeth the Lice thereby Sir Hugh Plattes in his writings setteth down divers Ingenious wayes of Fattening Poultry c. and more may be found out dayly The Jewes have a peculiar way of fattening Geese with Milke Figs Raisins and other sweete things by the which they make the liver of an extraordinary greatnesse and is a dish much valued by them In Moore-fields there is one that keepeth many 100. of Conyes with graines and branne and some others who keepe the great laying Duckes with these things and bloud to their great advantage I have seene a Booke translated out of French which teacheth how to gaine divers 100. l. per annum by 50. l. stock in Hens I suppose that about London where eggs are so deere great profit might be made by them Turkeyes may be kept with good profit where there are many Meadowes as in Soffolke In Barke-shire many keepe tame Pheasants and have gained well thereby 3. We do not know how to improve the Commodities proceeding from Cattel to the highest as for example our ordinary Eutter might be better sented and tasted some Ladies have fine Ingenuities in this kinde We cannot make Cheese comparable to the Parmisan nor so good as the Angelots of France our ordinary Cheese is not comparable to the Holland Cheeses where also divers sorts of Cheeses are made of divers Colours but I cannot much commend their Green Cheeses which are made of that Colour by Sheepes-dung c. but I hope that in little time our good Housewives will scorn that any shall excel them 20. Deficiency is The want of divers things which 20 Deficiency Of the want of divers things which are necessary for the accomplishment of Agricuture are necessary for the accomplishment of Agriculture As 1. That we have not a Systema or compleat Book of all the parts of Agriculture Till the latter end of Qu. Eliz. dayes I suppose that there was scarce a booke wrote of this subject I never saw or heard of any About that time Tusser made his verses and Scot wrote about a Hop-garden Gouge translated some things Lately divers small Treatises have been made by divers as Sir Hugh Plattes Gab. Plattes Markham Blith and Butler who do well in divers things but their bookes cannot be called compleat Bookes as you may perceive by divers particular things not so much mentioned by them The Countrey Farmer translated out of

graine their Far or fine Bread Corne was what their Lupine Spury and a 100. of this kinde as you may reade in Matthiol or Dioscorides so on the contrary infinite are the Plants which we have and they knew not as well appeareth by their small and our large Herballs and dayly new Plants are discovered useful for Husbandry Mechanichs and Physick and therefore let no man be discouraged from prosecuting new and laudable Ingenuities And I desire Ingenious Gentlemen and Merchants who travel beyond Sea to take notice of the Husbandry of those parts viz. what graines they sowe at what time and seasons on what lands how they plough their lands how they dung and improve them what cattel they use and the Commodities thereby Also what bookes are written of Husbandry and such like And I intreate them earnestly not to thinke these things too low for them and out of their callings nay I desire them to count nothing triviall in this kinde which may be profitable to their Countrey and advance knowledge And truly I should thanke any Merchant that could informe me in some triviall and ordinary things done beyond Sea viz. how they make Caviare out of Sturgeons Rowes in Moscovia how they boile and pickle their Sturgeon which we English in New-England cannot as yet do handsomely how the Bolognia Sausages are made how they ferment their bread without yest of what materials divers sorts of Baskets Broomes Frailes are made What seed Groute or Grutze is made of and also how to make the Parmisane Cheeses of Italy which are usually sold here for 2. s. or 2. s. 6. d. per pound or the Angelots of France which are accounted better Cheeses than any made in England as also the Holland Cheeses which are far better then our ordinary Cheeses and yet these sorts of Cheeses are made not of Mares milke as some think but from the Cowes and our Pastures are not inferiour to theirs c. 2. I desire Ingenious men to send home whatsoever they find rare of all sorts as first Animals the fine-woolled Sheep of Spain Barbary Horses Spanish Sonnets c. and so likewise all sorts of Vegetables not growing with us as Pannick Millet Rice which groweth in the Fenny places of Milan and why may it not grow in our Fens and the best sorts of Graines or Fruits in use amongst us perhaps there is Wheat that is not subject to Smut or Mildew perhaps other seeds will give double increase as Flax Oates Pease and divers other things of Importance there are beyond Sea which may be useful to us as the Askeys the Corke Acornes the scarlet Oake sweete Annise which groweth abundantly in Milan Fenel c. Tilia or Linder-tree for basse Ropes c. Spruce Pines for masts and Boards seeing that they are swift growers and many will stand in a small peece of ground they have formerly growne here and some few do flourish in our Gardens and in Scotland I suppose that this ought seriously to be considered for although we have plenty of Oakes yet what will it profit for Shipping without Masts and how difficult it is to get great Masts above 22. inches diameter is very well known Many things I might add of this kind but for brevities sake I reforre you to Mr. John Tredescan who hath taken great paines herein and dayly raiseth new and curious things 3. Consider that these new Ingenuities may be profitable not onely to the Publique but also to private men as we see by those who first planted Cherries Hops Licorish Saffron and first sowed Rape-seeds Colliflowers Woad Would Early Pease Assparagus Melons Tulips Gilliflowers c. and why may not we finde some things beneficiall to us also 16. Deficiency is the Ignorance of those things which 16. Deficiency of the Ignorance of things taken from the Earth Waters of this Island are taken from the earth and waters of this Island Although it may seeme to many that these things do little concerne the Husband-man who usually is not a Naturalist but onely endeavoureth to knowe his own grounds and the seeds proper for it and seldome pierceth into the bowels of the earth yet if we consider that out of the earth he hath Marle Lime Stone Chalke for the enriching his lands and also Loame and sand for his buildings oftentimes fuel for fire c. it will plainly appear that it is necessary for him to know even all Subterrany things and to be a petty Philosopher and that the knowledge of these things will be very beneficial for him And here I cannot but take notice of a great Deficiency amongst us viz. that we have not the Naturall History of all the Sands Earth Stones Mines Minerals Metals c. which are found in this Island It would not onely advance Husbandry but also many other Mechanic●… Arts and bring great profit to the Publique I hope some Ingenious man will at length undertake this taske For the Lord hath blessed this Island with as great variety as any place that is knowne as shall in part appear anon and it may be proved by that great variety which is found near the Spaw-waters in Knares-borough as Doctor Deane relateth in his Booke called the English Spaw Or the glory of Knares-borough springing from several famous Fountains there adjacent called the Vitriol sulphurous dropping well sand also other Mineral Waters Whose words are these Here is found not onely white and yellow Marle Plaister Oker Rudd Rubrick Free-stone an hard Greet-stone a soft Reddish stone Iron-stone Brimstone Vitriol Niter Allum Lead and Copper and without doubt divers mixtures of these but also many other Minerals might perhaps be found out by the diligent search and industry of those who would take paines to labour a little herein Printed at Yorke by Tho. Broad being to be sold in his shop at the lower end of stone gate neare to Common-Hall-Gates 1649. This letter will not permit me to make a compleat Naturall History of the things of this Isle yet I shall relate divers things which may be as hints to set some others to worke which I have found in Mr. Cambden and others and shall briefly Instruct the Husband-man what he ought to take notice of for his own and others good And first if he live nigh the Sea let him take notice of those things the Sea casteth up for it hath even with us cast up Ambergrease which is worth so much Gold with the which not long since a fisherman of Plymouth greased his bootes not knowing what it was sometimes it casteth up Jet and Amber as at Whitbey oftentimes In former times we had Oysters which had very faire great pearles in them of good worth and at this time some of them are found in Denbigh-shire Copperas-stone likewise is found along by the sea-coasts of Kent Essex Sussex Hampshire out of the which Copperas is made a thing very useful for Dyers Curriers c. further Sea-weeds are not to be