what with those and what with the stopping of phlegme the lungs must needs suffer And therefore the reason why actuall hot drink is said to mitigate all these is because it doth fortificare digestionem ex qua multiplicantur spiritus vivi strengthen digestion by which the vitall spirits are multiplied which being the pabulum of our senses the one can not fail while the other increaseth And therefore Arnoldus de villa nova saith Dum spiritus calor naturalis non debilitatur neque pili canescunt neque cutis corrugatur So long as the naturall heat is not weakened neither doth the hair wax gray nor the skin grow shriveled nor wrinckled And how it is a means to preserve life shall be shewed CHAP. VI Herein is shewed how the Grecians and Romanes used hot drink NOw to come to the last point which is That it is no new devised thing but that which hath been used amongst the Grecians and Romanes in the time of their longest age and is in use at this day in countreys where they live farre longer then we do which shall be proved by divers clear testimonies And first to prove it was in use amongst the Grecians heare what Philostinus that excellent physician wrote unto his countreymen He counselled them in the spring and all winter to drink their liquour calidissimum most hot and in the summer luke-warm so that at all times he shews that cold drink was not to be used Athenaeus also in his eighth book speaking of Stratonicus the harper saith he called Rhodios Cyrenaeos branchos and their citie civitatem porcorum quia Rhodios deliciis exsolutos calidum bibentes contemplatus albos Cyrenaeos nuncupabat Rhodiúmque oppidum civitatem porcorum Rhodios qui dem à Cyrenaeis colore diversos autumans at ob luxûs similitudinem proclivitatem eandem in voluptates cum porcis urbem illorum comparans Moreover Julius Pollux in his Onomastico propounds this question Whether the ancient Fathers drank their water hot and concludes they did And Lucianus in his Asino writes that the Grecians used their drink hot which Arrianus likewise in his controversies proves Apuleus maketh the same manifest speaking of Fotis in this manner Ecce Fotis mea jam domina cubitu reddita jactâ proximè rosâ sertâ rosâ solutâ in sinu uberante ac me pressim deosculato corollis revincto ac flore prosperso arripit poculum ac desuper aquâ calidâ injectâ porrigit ut biberem c. But for further proof I will prove it both by ancient writers of prose and also poets that the Romanes used it And first Varro in defining this word Calix by the Etymologie saith it comes of the Latine word Calidus because in it Calidus apponebatur potus Hot drink was served Paulus likewise the lawyer speaking of the difference between the vessels that they heated water in saith there is no great difference between Cacabus and Ahenum for in the first they boil their meat and in the other their water to drink And Julius Pollux in his 9. book calleth that vessel Ahenum where they boiled their water to drink Seneca in his first book De ira maketh mention of hot water the which was in use to be drunk in his time And in his second book the 25. chapter Dion likewise in his 57. book proveth the same in the history of Drusius son to Tiberius And in his 59. book intreating of Caius Caligula who killed an host for selling hot water in the time of the funerall of Drusius as a man irreligious to sell hot water for delicious drinking in time of common mourning Moreover Marcellinus in his 28. book shews that all taverns were forbid to sell any hot water or wine untill foure a clock in the afternoon Again Cornelias Tacitus writing of the poysoning of Britannicus shews how the means they wrought to poyson him without suspicion was to bring his drink so hot that he called for cold water to allay it wherein they had put the poyson Plinie also in his 7. book speaking of Marcus Asinius maketh it manifest for saith he the drink being too hot he held it in his hand to cool untill one sitting next to him remembred him of it and said it would be too cold Now to prove it by the authorities of poets I will first begin with Plautus who in his comedy of The vaunting souldier saith Lu. Neque ille hic calidum exbibit in prandium Pa. Neque tu bibisti Lu. Dii me perdant si bibi Si bibere potui Pa. Quâ jam Lu. Quia enim absorbui Nam nimis calebat amburebat gutturem that is Lu. Neither did he drink hot wine to his dinner Pa. Nor thou Lu. As god shall help me I neither drank neither could I. Pa. What then Lu. I supped it For it was so hot it burnt my throat What can be more plain then this Again the same Authour in another comedy brings forth Labrax speaking to Neptune in these words La. Edepol Neptune es balneator frigidus Cum vestimentis posteaquam abs te abii algeo Nec Thermopolium quidem ullum ille instruit Ità salsaÌ„ praebet potionem frigidam that is La. Truly Neptune thou art a cold bath-keeper Since I came from thee I freeze in my clothes Neither doth he keep any hotwater-shop He gives us so salt and cold a potion The like sayings be many in Plautus which for brevity sake I omit Horace also when he writes to Telephus in his third book of his Odes hath this saying Quo chium pretio cadum Mercemur quis aquam temperet ignibus For Chian wine what men exact who 'll our water to warmth redact And Juvenal in his fifth Satyr hath this saying Quando ad te pervenit ille Quando vocatus adest calidae gelidaeque minister When will anon anon Sir come For hot and cold to have custome Likewise Martial in his verses he made to Sextilianus the great drinker saith thus Jam defecisset portantes caldae ministros Si non potares Sextiliane merum They had lackt hot water by this time Had not Sextilian drunk wine And in his second book of Epigrams these be his words Te conviva leget mixto quincunce sed antè Incipiat positus quà m tepuisse calix The tosse pot will thee reade but that must be Onely untill his hot cup cool'd he see And in his 8. book against Caecilianus these be his words Curre agè illotos revoca Caliste ministros Sternantur lecti Caeciliane sede Caldam poscis aquam sed nondum frigida venit Algâ—t adhuc nudo clausa culina foco Runne call thy unwash't servants sit Your couches Caecilian sit Thou call'st No hot water within Nor cold yet in our cold kitchin And in his last book these be his words Frigida non desit non deerit calda petenti Sed tu morosa ludere parce siti Ye want not cold nor shall ye hot But spare to please your dainty throat By these authorities I hope I have made it plain that it was used many hundred years amongst the Romanes For if we consider the age that Plautus lived in which was some five hundred and seventy years after the building of Rome and the poysoning of Britannicus in Nero's time you shall find it to be 808. years after Rome was built and Martial lived under Domitianus 835. years after Rome was built which was more then 300. years Neither did Plautus write it as new devise but as a thing long before in use Now to the other point That it is used at this day amongst whole nations I will prove by Grovani Petro Maffei the Jesuite who in his 6. book of histories writes that they of China do for the most part drink the strained liquour of an herb called Chiâ—â— hot And Persino the Italiaâ— writes that he saw himself tres principes Grapponenses which came to kisse Pope Gregorie the thirteenth foot and it is but a littlâ— while since who drank nothing but hot water affirming it to be the custom of their countrey Thus have I according to my promise handled severally all the points promised in the beginning if not to thy satisfaction impute that to my want of reading not to the truth of the cause which divers times is overthrown with ill handling FINIS
sanguinens bene concoctus The spirits be proportioned to the bloud for they are nothing else but the vapour of the bloud well digested whatsoever then maketh ill bloud maketh ill spirits and whatsoever doth so shorteneth our life but cold drink worketh that therefore it shortneth our life My major is averred by Montanus in the place before cited My minor I prove in this manner God bloud is made by good concoction but the actuall cold in the stomach breedeth crudity and not concoction and that crudity consequently ill bloud therefore cold breeds ill bloud My minor I prove in this sort out of Aristotle lib. 4. De partibus Animalium where he saith Calor vim habet concoquendi Heat hath the force to concot and in his second book De generatione Animalium where he also saith Frigus est privatio caloris Cold is the privation of heat what hindereth then but the conclusion is good That actuall cold drink breeding ill bloud causeth a defect of the spirits and so consequently abreviateth our life For Galen in his first book De humoribus saith Virium robur adesse nequit ubi crudorum humorum copia coacervata est that is Strength can not be where store of raw humours be and in his book De sub Facult. Natur. he saith all actions come from concoction But to make it somewhat plainer I will use some more authorities Our life as Galen observeth doth consist in naturall heat and radicall moisture which is nothing else as Avicen writeth then an oyly unctious vapour arising from the bloud to which Aristotle consenteth This naturall heat as Avicen in lib. de complexionibus writeth is diminished two wayes Aut per resolutionem naturalis humiditatis aut per augmentum extrancae that is Either by decay of naturall moysture or by the increase of forrein Now naturall moysture doth decay either by the aire in which we live that drieth it up or by labours of the body or mind ill proportioned as he testifieth in his first book Fenic act 4. cap. 7. and forrein moisture doth increase either by the use of meats which by their own nature ingender and breed it of which sort are Mellons Cucumbers and such like fruit being either immoderately or unseasonably eaten or else of ill concoction by means whereof such an unnaturall humour doth grow in our bodies that the outward and remote parts deprived of their nourishment languish wither and dy because they are not nourished Which Isaac de Febribus doth well note using these words Talis humor per depravatam concoctionem à natura alienus propagatur ut externae remotae corporis partes privatae suis alimentis languescunt exarescunt emoriuntur quia non nutriuntur Hereby may the Reader discern in what sort actuall cold doth offend our life upon great consideration therefore did Avicen in his fourth book Canone 4. Capitulo De rebus quae caniciem retardant use these words Digestio est radix generationis naturalis non-naturalis humoris that is Digestion is the root of the generation of naturall and unnaturall moysture But some ignorant person will say although the stomach be offended yet the liver may make good bloud if so be it be not distempered To the which I answer No more then a Cutler a good blade of naughty iron and bad steel which is not possible be he never so good a workman For as the iron and the steel being the materiall cause of the blade cannot contrary to their nature be made perfect in the workmans hand no more can the chylus first made in the stomach being the materiall cause of bloud being bad be made perfect by the help of the liver By this now you see how contrary to our health it is to use actuall cold drink But let us examine what hurt it doth to other particular parts Hippocrates hath these words in his Aphorismes Sedi pudendis utero vesicae calidum amicum frigidum inimicum that is Heat is a friend but cold an enemy to the seat the privities the belly and bladder And Cornelius Celsus saith Frigidum inimicum intestinis vesicae utero c. that is Cold is an enemy to the intrals bladder and stomach So as it appeareth it hurteth the bladder the bowels and the kidneys the mother and what not But because we will not conclude it is so because Hippocrates and Celsus say it is so we will examine first the reason and then experience the best master in trying any thing The reason why it hurteth the bladder is in respect principally of the neck thereof which being stopped with a musculeous substance cold offendeth and divers times procureth a strangury But this will be thought very untrue and unlikely that drink drunk cold can passe so to the bladder and there offend but let us examine experience and see whether it ever have been known so Forrestus an excellent Physician alledgeth in himself the cause of a strangury happening unto him to the great indangering of his life to be drinking of cold beer after his return out of Italy And I know my self a gentleman of great worship who because he is living shall not be named who coming from hunting hot and drinking cold drink suffered such pain as I being with him did fear some erosion in the neck of the bladder Besides it divers times cometh to passe that with cold this part suffering a resolution the party can in no wise hold his water but it cometh from him without his knowledge To the mother also it is hurtfull as Hippocrates Cornelius Celsus and divers learned Authours write whereof although they give not the reason yet I will shew it may be so in divers respects as first in respect of its composition being made ex tunicis nervis venis arteriis ligamentis to all which cold is an enemy as hath been proved before Secondly in respect of its temper which naturally ought to be hot because Injectum semen calore multo eget ut suscitetur concipiatur formetur et foveatur Thirdly in respect of its vicinity with other parts as the bowels and the bladder between which est maxima conjunctio per villos complures to which cold is a great enemy Whereupon seldome is the mother diseased either by inflammation or otherwise but either an inordinate desire to go to the stool or of urine doth insue so great is the affinitie between the matrix bowels and bladders And last of all cold is hurtfull to the matrix in respect of its community with the stomach for that the stomach being hurt with cold transfers tanquam ad sentinam cloacam corporis such abundance of superfluities to the matrix as doth evert its naturall temper and strength and is the authour of many irreparable diseases But some will say that this is strange although it be true that cold will work these effects in the mother that beer drunk actually cold can passe to these places being so
if heat get the mastery it causeth inflammation through the whole body but if cold it surfeteth the body and bringeth a man into fluxes and other diseases But hot beer prevents all these dangers and maketh friendship between all these enemies viz. hot and cold wet and drie in the stomach because when the coldnesse of the beer is taken away by actuall heat and made as hot as the stomach then heat hath no opposite his enemie cold being taken away there onely remains these two enemies dry and wet in the stomach which heat laboureth to make friends as you may see in this example In fire there is heat and drinesse and in water there is cold and moisture which are opposite to the qualities in the fire Now if you throw the cold water upon the fire you set these opposites together by the ears but if you would quickly quench the fire take hot water and throw thereon and one bucket full of hot water will quench more fire then foure buckets of cold The reason is because of the extreme opposition between hot and cold but when the coldnesse of the water is taken away and it made actually hot then hot water to hot fire agreeth as like to like and peace being made between hot and cold the heat maketh friendship between wet and dry Also you may see wet and dry easily reconciled by heat in another example Take a dry piece of wollen cloth and throw it upon cold water and you shall see how wet and dry will oppose one another the water will not let the cloth sink into it and the dry cloth will not let the water enter into it but the cold water will slide off from the dry cloth and the cloth will swim upon the water But if the water be made hot and the cloth thrown thereon they will immediately embrace one another without any opposition So likewise if you put cold water upon dust wet and dry will so oppose each other that the dust will not suffer the water to sink into it but the water will trull up and down on the dust like quick-silver but if the water be hot and put never so lightly upon the dust it will incontinently sink into it without opposition And thus you see by these examples how heat is as it were a means to make friendship between wet and dry Even so it doth in the stomach When one is exceeding thirstie the beer being made hot and then drunk into the dry stomach it immediately quencheth the thirst moistening and refreshing Nature abundantly But some will say Cold beer is very pleasant to one that is thirstie I answer it is true But pleasant things for the most part are very dangerous Cold beer is pleasant when extreme thirst is in the stomach but what more dangerous to the health How many have you known heard of who by drinking of a cup of cold beer in extreme thirst have taken a surfet and killed themselves What more pleasant then for one that hath gone up a hill in summer time and is exceeding hot to sit down and open his breast that the cool aire may blow therein And yet how dangerous is it For a man in very short time for getting himself taketh a sudden cold and surfets thereon which costeth his precious life for his pleasant aire Therefore we must not drink cold beer because it is pleasant but hot beer because it is profitable especially in the Citie for such as have cold stomachs and inclining to a consumption I have known some that have been so farre gone in a consumption that none would think in reason they could live a week to an end their breath was short their stomach was gone and their strength failed so that they were not able to walk about the room without resting panting and blowing they drank many hot drinks and wines to heat their cold stomachs and cure their diseases especially sweet wines but all in vain for the more wine they drank to warm their stomachs the more they inflamed their livers by which means they grew worse and worse increasing their disease But when they did leave drinking all wine and betook themselves onely to the drinking of hot beer so hot as bloud within a moneth their breath stomach and strength was so increased that they could walk about their garden with ease and within two moneths could walk 4. miles and within three moneths were perfectly made well as ever they were in their lives And I doubt not but many that have practiced this thing can witnesse the truth of these as well as my self So having performed the request of my friends to set down my experience and the reasons moving me I leave it now to the practice of such as by themselves or their Physicians are satisfied of what use it may be to them desiring the Lord to adde his blessing for his glory and for their comfort Amen F. W. In commendations of WARM BEER WE care not what stern grandfires now can say Since reason doth and ought to bear the sway Vain grandames say saws ne'r shall make me think That rotten teeth come most by warmed drink No grandfire not if you had us'd to warm Your mornings draughts as I do farre lesse harm Your raggie lungs had felt not half so soon For want of teeth to chew you 'd us'd the spoon Grandame be silent now if you be wise Lest I betray your â—â—â—â—ing niggardize I wot well you no physick ken nor yet The name and nature of the vitall heat 'T was more to save your fire and fear that I Your pewter cups should melt or smokifie Then skill or care of me which made you 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and stamp to see me warm my beer Though Grandsire growl though grandame 〈◊〉 I hold That man unwise that drinks his liquour cold W. B. A Treatise of warm drink CHAP. I. The use and necessitie of drink NOt without great judgement have the poets feigned Prometheus to have entred into the heavens and by Pallas help to have brought from thence celestiall fire naming one thing and intimating another nor with lesse dexteritie of wit doth Homer in his eighth book of Iliads call a method in writing {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} a golden chain seeing that it is as impossible without it to declare any thing orderly as to search through all the secret places of the Labyrinth without Ariadnes clue of yarn And seeing a method doth require his definitions divisions subdivisions and such like in a brief yet ample manner so as nothing be superfluous or wanting I will do my good will to speak all yet in as few words as I may fitting my speech agreeably to the multitude for whom it is written not affecting curiositie as a thing onely meet for the learned You shall understand then that the whole contents of this book depend onely upon this question Which is more wholesome in the regiment of health drink made
actually hot by the fire or as it is now used actually cold and sometimes made cold First therefore I think it necessary to shew the occasion why provident Nature hath imposed a kind of necessitie of drinking upon us Secondly to shew and make manifest whether drink made hot doth as well or better supply those necessities as drink being actually cold or made cold Thirdly to examine the reasons and confute the objections which are given for the maintenance of actuall cold drink Fourthly to set down all such discommodities as do and may arise from the use thereof Fifthly to shew the good and profit that redounds to the body by the use of actuall hot drink Lastly to make it manifest that it is no new device but a thing which hath been in common use amongst the Romanes and Grecians and is and hath been used alwaies among whole nations and religions Understand then that according to the rules of physick drink is used for three purposes First to allay our thirst secondly to intermingle with our food thirdly to be the vehiculum and carrier of the nourishment into the universall bodie Which three are comprehended under two according to Galen Lib. 1. De usu partium that is under the allaying our desire of drinking and being the instrument and means to boil the meat in the stomach The allaying then of thirst being the first cause why we are constrained to drink let us begin with it and examine the reasons which may be made for the profit of the one and the offence of the other The which we shall more easily do if we first call to remembrance what thirst is This word Sitis which in english signifieth thirst or drought according unto Plato is nothing else but a desire of drink for these be his words Sitis verò est concupiscentia potionis Thirst is a desire of drink although Aristotle in his book De Republica cited by Athenaeus saith drought is a desire of hot or cold drink and in his book De anima defineth it to be the desire of cold and moisture His words are these Sunt autem fames sitis appetitus quorum fames quidem appetitus est rerum calidarum siccarum sitis verò humorem frigus efficientium Hunger is an appetite after hot and drying but thirst of things effecting moisture and cold Which opinion of Aristotle being clean opposite unto our argument handled in this treatise doth seem at the first blush so fully to manifest the matter as that it may seem great folly to apprehend any thing which is so merely contradictory and no little impudencie to oppose my self as of my self against so great a philosopher And therefore it concerneth me either to prove that drink actually hot doth better cool and moisten the body then cold or else Aristotles meaning is not directly as his words do seem literally to pretend The which I think may easily be apprehended and collected if we will weigh the tenth section in his Problemes where inquiring what the cause should be why other creatures do sooner prey of and eat dry meat then moist but man more often moist then dry He answereth thus because man is most hot which causeth him to desire to be cooled Whereby it is to be noted that he onely maketh mention of moisture to cool him the which agreeth with Galen in his book of unequall temperatures where he doth prove the occasion of thirst to be drought which is remedied per humidum not per frigidum that is by moisture not by cold For although it cannot be denied but that heat doth procure thirst yet look into the reason and you shall find it is propter inopiam humiditatis because it hath not his just proportion of moisture which causeth us in the hot time if we labour much whereby we excessively sweat to desire to drink for the cause above alledged But to enter into further consideration of the matter let us examine the reasons why cold should be necessary in allaying thirst It appeareth to me that it is either to the end to extinguish it or to mitigate it But extinguish it by any means it cannot For let any man that is exceeding dry eat any thing that is never so cold not having any moisture joyned with it and he shall find by experience that it may well choke him but in no sort allay his drought And for mitigating his drought how dissonant it is to reason that drought joyned to drought be it never so cold can work that effect let the Reader judge being clean against the principles of learning Nam omne tale additum tali facit id ipsum magìs tale For every like joined to its like intends more the ground of its likenesse that is the quality wherein they are alike Then if it be alledged that the drought having heat joyned with it requireth cold in respect of his heat as drinesse doth moisture and so cold joyned with moisture doth best remedy both because Contraria contrariis curantur contraries are cured by their contraries yet it seemeth to me a matter farre unfit for two causes the one although that be Galens ground yet it is not so to be taken literally but as it stands with that ground likewise which is that Omne repentinum naturae inimicissimum est All sudden alterations are contrary to nature and therefore cold being added to heat unlesse it were in a farre more remisse degree then the heat doth work great inconveniences or endanger the life as it is to be seen in those who drinking cold drink being hot fall sick to the death The other reason is for that it is not possible that every man woman or child who being hot desire drink can upon every motion so proportion the cold that it shall just fit the degree of heat and then if it be too small by his antiperistasis it hurteth where it should help if greater then the heat requires in stead of allaying the heat it utterly killeth it For the testimony whereof besides our daily experience there be infinite histories extant as for example Paulus Jovius writeth that Candella Scala prince of Verona being hot in his armour drank out of a fountain cold water and presently died He writeth also that the Dolphin of France sonne to Francis the French king then in his time being although he were a lustie strong Gentleman yet he being hot at tennis and drinking cold drink fell sick and died The like happened to Pompeius Columna who was Vice-Roy in Naples for Charles the fifth Amatus Lusitanus an excellent physician in his time in his Centurie reherseth three histories of young men who died drinking cold water and wine in their heat CHAP. II. That actuall hot drink doth quench the thirst as well as cold drink or better BUt because I may observe a method now we have found what thirst is to be termed according to the ancient Philosophers minds let us according to the
preserve it in temper for I dare affirm where one hath his liver hotter then naturally fitteth without obstructions thousands have not which that common disease at this day Flatus hypochondriacus doth plainly prove and therefore to what small purpose Monardus authority is let every one judge Now for the fourth objection where it is alledged that cold drink doth better quench the thirst I have in the beginning of this treatise so fully handled that point that it were a frivolous thing to trouble the reader with any thing more concerning that matter and therefore I will recite the fifth objection Which is Cold beer helps concoction in the stomach How untrue this is I will plainly shew All cold is an enemy to concoction but drink not actually made hot is cold therefore drink not actually hot but cold is an enemy to concoction and therefore helpeth it not My minor I prove out of Aristotle in the fourth book of his meteors These be his words Frigus quatenus frigus est cuicunque calori concoctionÃque adversarium est cruditatis parens Cold in its own nature is an adversary to whatsoever heat and concoction and is the parent of crudities and Galen primo Technic saith Frigidi est officium bene appetere malè autem digerere It is the nature of cold to affect powerfully but to digest poorely And further seeing concoction is performed by warmth it must needs be decayed by often working upon cold for mark but this infallible argument and you shall easily see the truth Every agent doth also suffer it self something in the action so as naturall heat daily and almost hourely expugning the cold drink taken into the body doth every time suffer something and so in small time doth wax weaker and weaker How true this is daily proof doth make manifest for how many men do you see after they come to five or six and fourty years or at the most fifty troubled with the stone and gout who were not before which happeneth upon no other cause but ob debilitatem stomachi by reason of the imperfectnesse of their stomach which having long suffered in his daily action with the cold is now become infirm Sixthly it is alledged cold drink is pleasing to the tast and so is not the other which truly if it were true might seem a reasonable cause why we should if imminent danger of inevitable hurts did not depend on the use of it addict our selves to take it cold But how false this is let Aristotle witnesse in his 3. book De anima the 10. chap. who disputing of tasting saith Est ipse sapor qui gustu percipitur atqui nihil absque humiditate saporis efficit sensum It is favour which is perceived by the tast but nothing without humidity makes any sense of favour and in another place Omne quod ipsius efficit sensum humiditatem aut actu aut potentiâ habet Every thing that maketh it self sensible hath humidity in it actually or potentially and in another place At verò cùm gustabile sit humidum necesse est instrumentum sensûs ipsius neque humidum esse actu neque etiam tale ut humectari non possit humidúmque evadere But seeing every tastible thing is moist it is necessary that the instrument of that sense be neither actually moist neither yet such as cannot be made moist whereby is plainly proved that tast consists not in coldnesse but in moisture And therefore it is said lapides gemmae carent sapore stones and pearls have no tast quia carent humiditate Indeed cold rather diminisheth then addeth any thing to taste as may be seen in winter either in wine or beer being very cold for according to Aristotle cold is rather qualitas tangibilis quà m gustabilis a tangible then gustable quality but if any at the first do not like the tast of hot drink it is onely for want of use and that by experience I find having used it almost a year and a quarter before the writing hereof But as concerning the seventh objection which is that cold drink nourisheth best in respect that heating of the beer passeth away its finest spirits I thus answer Beer having sustained a great boyling those spirits which remain in it after that boyling will not part with so small a heating and of that I have made this experience I have taken a kettle with a broad mouth and therein put three pottles of beer have boyled it half an houre to a gallon and then I have set it in a pot with a limbech and I have drawn from it as much aqua vitae as I could from a gallon which was immediately put out of the barrel into the pot which absolutely overthrows that objection Yet if it had not been so our drink could not have received any blemish for first it is not in any open vessel and secondly it never boyls But seeing it holds in the greater of necessitie it is not to be doubted in the lesser for à majore ad minus is a good argument But now to the eighth and last objection which is That it opens the pores too much and maketh one catch cold Although there be little sense or reason to maintain this objection neither indeed can I conceive any colour of reason yet I will reason something against it Nothing joyned to his like can make an extreme but where the thing joyned is in greater degree then the thing to which it is joyned nor can it make it greater unles it be in quantity Therefore if naturall heat which is in the stomach do not by too much opening of the pores cause one to catch cold the heat of hot drink as we drink it cannot because it is as little or lesse then the heat to which it joyneth For were it in extreme or hotter then naturally the stomach should be we could not drink it For otherwise why could we not drink any thing scalding hot therefore it diminisheth none and addeth little but preserving all naturall warmth it can give no occasion of offence for if this were otherwise wherefore do we commend hot broth or eat hot meat which in respect of his grossenesse keeps longer hot and likewise advise exercise but because naturall heat should purge animam per poros cutis ductus convenientes that is the bloud through the pores of the skin and convenient passages but leave off before you heat your self violently and you shall never catch cold for it is a violent heat doth extenuate and make way for cold And therefore it is most evident that it suggests not the least cause in the world of that inconvenience And so much for this point CHAP. IIII. The hurt that ariseth from the use of actuall cold drink NOw it remains that we do shew the hurt that cold drink doth procure as the sixth position by order to be intreated of doth require That it helps not the body before is proved
eye-sight and the hearing because it hurteth the brains yet I will more particularly prove it For although the body of the eye be compounded of many parts as of six muscles six films or skins three humours yet it is also compounded of sinews veins and arteries which come à juguribus carotidibus and by these both the visible animal and vitall spirits are carried to the eyes as may well be proved by their defect in those that be dying or use women too much Then thus I reason Whatsoever decayeth concoction destroyeth all those and so consequently the eye-sight and hearing for Depravata concoctio in stomacho as Galen saith nunquam corrigitur in hepate neque in aliis stomachus enim est materia omnium aegritudinum Bad concoction in the stomach is never mended in the liver nor in any other part for the stomach is the cause of all diseases But that cold drink doth spoil and destroy concoction shall be proved as it cometh by order to be handled The hearing also it must needs offend so as although some that have no great dulnesse think it cannot be for that they heare well yet no doubt if from their infancy they had used the other they might heare better For compare his hearing that heareth best and you shall find other creatures hear better then he But to our purpose seeing it is before proved that it hurteth the organa vocalia that is the mouth the tongue and oesophagus in respect of the sinews it must needs follow that it also hurt the hearing For the sinews of the first conjugation do spread into many branches the greater whereof go into the eare and the membrane of the exquisite sense carrie all sounds to the brain the lesser to the tongue and larynx in respect whereof by reason of the sympathy the hurt of the sinews of the tongue is imparted to the ears Hereupon it comes to passe that those that be dumb be also deaf and those which naturally be deaf be alwaies dumb and he that cannot heare by any outward sound let him hold a thing in his teeth and he will heare Which is used for a proof amongst excellent physicians to try whether the fault be in nervo auditorio though I am not ignorant that there is Altera causa societatis veteribus incognita nempe canaliculus cartilagineus velut aquae-ductus qui à secundo auris meatu ad os palatum fertur Another cause of society or sympathie between them unknown to the Ancients to wit a little gristly cane as it were a water spout which stretcheth from the second passage of the care unto the mouth and palate acknowledged by all anatomie-Masters Now to passe downward along the throat it is one of the greatest occasions that is of a most dangerous disease proper to that part and that is the squinancy For Aetius fol. 399. reckoning divers causes of that disease useth these words Maximè autem frigiditas frigidi potio magìs quà m ardores plagae ossa c. Especially cold and cold drink be the occasions of that disease above all other Where although Aetius giveth not the reason yet I conjecture it is for two causes the one ob constructionem and the other because it hurts and distempers the nerves serving for that part which caused Archigines to say Occultae anguinae causam esse in quibusdam nervis qui ad stomachum deferuntur dum malè assiciuntur That the cause of a secret squinancy is in the nerves which are carried unto the stomach they being ill affected But to passe further let us examine what hurt it doth to the lungs Arnoldus de villa nova in his Regimine sanitatis hath this saying Generaliter malum est sanis bibere multam aquam frigidam quia extinguit calorem innatum pectus offendit Generally it is evil for sound bodies to drink much water cold because it doth extinguish the naturall heat and offend the stomach Again in another place he saith Pro canna pulmonis caveant à potibus actualiter frigidis which is as much to say as In respect of the pipe of the lungs beware of drinking any thing cold Again Paulus Aegineta saith Frigida actu nocent pulmonibus Things drunk cold hurt the lungs and Galen saith it is such an enemy to the lungs and breast as many die thereby But peradventure some will object that Galen meant of the coldnesse of the aire and not of the coldnesse of drink But to reclaim all men out of that errour I will make it manifest that it was meant of things actually cold taken inwardly And therefore Hippocrates speaking of yee and snow used to cool wine saith it breaks veins and procures coughs and Galen in his book of good and bad nourishment doth shew that he meaneth cold drink taken into the body because he doth seem with a certain distinction to grant it to some yet to drink it saith he over-cold or cooled with snow breedeth infinite sorts of hurt And although strong bodies do not feel it presently in the heat of youth yet when youth declines they begin to feel it in their joynts and other parts of their bodie when there is no help But because as the saying is amongst Lawyers Lex plùs laudatur quando ratione probatur that is The law is most praise-worthy when it is proved by reason so is physick and therefore I will shew how the drink passeth to the lungs and how passing thither it hurts and offends not taking any notice of Hippocrates in his 4. book De morbis where he useth many reasons against it nor yet of Aristotle who contends for the contrary But Hippocrates well understood doth not contradict the truth as in many other places he shews and all other ancient Philosophers as Plato Philoponus Locrus Plutarch and experience it self confirms Understand then when I say drink goeth to the lungs I mean not all the drink we take into our mouth but some portion thereof And because I am to shew which way it passeth thither therefore I think it not amisse to recite a place of Galens De simplicium medicinarum facultatibus where he denieth not but some part of our drink doth passe by the rough arterie into the lungs And in his methodus medendi he commands that in ulcers of the rough arterie we should lye along on our backs and hold the medicine in our mouthes whereby it might by little and little go into the rough artery Hippocrates in his book {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} doth in plain words teach that some portion of our drink doth passe that way These be his words Homo inquit maximam partem in ventrem bibit Gula enim sive stomachus velut infundibulum potûs copiam quaecunque volumus excipit bibit autem in guttur ac arteriam minûs verò quantum latere possit per primum illapsum operculum enim exactum operit
ut nè permiserit quidem aliquid amplioris potûs penetrare For the weasand or the stomach as a tunnel receives plenty of liquour or what else we will whence it comes to passe that a man doth drink the most part into his belly but he doth also drink into his lung-pipe or rough artery lesse indeed and so much as can slide in in the swallowing for so exact a lidde doth cover it that it will not suffer any great quantity to enter By these authorities now you do not onely learn that part of our drink doth passe to our lungs but also by what passages to wit per asperam arteriam being taken in per rimam epiglotidis It is therefore to be understood that our wind-pipe pipe being called aspera arteria in Latine hath joyning to the toppe of it next to the mouth a certain stopple as it were formed of divers muscles sinews veins and arteries called Larynx of our anatomy-Masters whose uppermost part hath a covering formed like a little tongue which stoppeth it that nothing we eat can descend into the wind-pipe for when we offer to swallow any food it bears upon that and so stops it the closer But when we drink some little quantity of liquour slides in between the chink It may be some unlearned will say What is this to the lungs I answer from thence it goes to the lungs for to omit that aspera arteria is cartilaginea semicirculariter as not appertaining to this treatise I am to shew you how it is clothed duabus tunicis quarum altera interior est oesophago linguae palato ori communis altera exterior magìs tenuis Haec arteria ubi ad jugulum pervenit bivio distracta in pulmonem numerosâ serie spargitur inter venam arteriosam arteriam venosam media that from that it may draw bloud and into this transmit aire And by this means doth the drink taken into the rough artery enter the lungs Neverthelesse peradventure some will say grant all this be true yet why doth cold drink hurt the lungs I answer for divers causes but one effectuall cause here to be mentioned is because it is contrary to the temper of the lungs for the lungs be hot although Hippocrates in his book De corde seemeth to affirm the contrary for it is but comparativè in respect of the heart Nor do I respect some other places both of Galen and Hippocrates touching that point and therefore here I omit them as not appertaining to this place affirming with some of our late writers the lungs to be hot being nourished with the most aeriall and spirituall bloud elaborated in the right concave of the heart Furthermore cold drink hurts in another respect for that the lungs be easily affected with obstructions and phlegmatick humours which all come à frigida temperatura that is of cold By this may the Reader see how cold drink doth hurt to the lungs that he needs not rest satisfied onely because Galen so saith but because reason perswades Now it follows to prove it an enemy to the stomach which if we do considering the stomach is radix corporis which nourisheth the whole body as Hippocrates saith I hope there is none so obstinate but will adjudge it worthy the forbearing Therefore concerning this because it falls out here in course to be spoken of I will adde something not spoken of before Understand then that drink actually drunk cold is not hurtfull to the stomach in one respect onely but in divers First in respect of the composition of it Secondly in respect of the temper Thirdly in respect of the parts that depend upon it Fourthly in respect of of our life it self In respect of its composition because it is compounded ex tunicis venis arteriis nervis to which cold drink is the greatest enemy witnesse Trincavell in his first book of his counsels his xxxix counsel where he hath this saying A cervisia frigida prorsus abstineto quia maximè nocet nervis 2. In respect of its temper because naturally it should be warm as may be seen by the provident care of Nature placing it sub Diaphragmate which not onely by his own proper heat but also with a forrein heat borrowed from the heart doth warm it It hath also on the right side the liver on the left side the spleen in the lower part omentum colon intestinum having plentie of fat and in the fore part epiploon with the help of peritonaeum and the muscles abdominis vena umbilicalis are to it a covering in the hinder part there are the muscles of the back and last of all a great branch of vena cava and the great artery which all shew that Nature hath incompassed it round about like a caldron with fire How fond a thing is it then to cool that which nature would have warm and how contrary to the health of man Thirdly in respect of the parts that depend upon it it is very prejudiciall as shall be shewed And first to begin with the head the stomach never suffereth in any small degree but the head beareth his part also so the offence done to the one is committed to the other Which happeneth in respect of the great community of those great sinews which come à sexto conjugio from the brain unto it That this is true although it be so well known to men of learning that there needeth no proof yet for the better satisfaction of the unlearned let them but weigh these instances following First the stomach being but troubled with melancholy you shall see the brains participate of the same so the stomach never suffereth hunger but it doth lacessere cerebrum vibratis nervis yea such is the communion between them that neither the one nor the other doth hardly suffer but conjunctivè together For let the head be wounded and the scull be broken whereby dura mater is but exposed to the aire or let any thing but presse it or the brain and presently the stomach will vomit aut flava aut aeruginosa because the stomach jure societatis is drawn in sympathiam per similitudinem vasorum communionem which be the chiefest causes of sympathy as Galen in his comment ad Sect. 1. lib. 31. Epid. doth well note The heart suffereth likewise by communion as may be seen in cardiaca passione that is swounding Syncope and the utter exclusion of all strength which cometh diverse times the mouth of the stomach being ill affected as if the heart it self were The meseraick vains also suffer being by cold stopped and so made unable to draw as naturally they should and thereby is nourishment hindered It doth for the like respect and cause hurt the liver for as Galen 1. De Symptomatum causis doth excellently shew and Andreas Laurentius doth notably explain exhaustus partium is chiefly necessary to nourishment and then their sucking and drawing For the parts that be exhausted
still draw from the next untill they come to the last which is the stomach so that the meseraicks being stopt the order of the whole body is perverted and there either remaineth no appetite or a preposterous one for want of just feeling Et hujus insensibilitatis causa as Laurentius saith est refrigeratio nervi obstructio ejusdem exsolutio facultatis appetentis But some will say let this be so how prove you drink drunk actually cold doth stop To make this clear heare what Arnoldus de villa nova saith in the Treatise he wrote to the King of Aragon for the preservation of his health to whom upon some respects he granted both actuall and potentiall cold drink in the canicular dayes having as it seemeth a strong hot stomach but adviseth him to adde to it a little vineger because saith he to those that have strait meseraicks it is necessary The reason was because without vineger it would stop And in another drunk when it hath them all à multò fortiori not to be drunk when they be gone To demonstrate that it is bereft of them in the boyling weigh but this Take water boyled and water never boyled and set them out in the frosty weather and that which hath been boyled will first freeze Which is because its warmest parts are exhaled out of it But it may be objected that although water will do so yet the composition of beer hath taken that away and therefore beer is freed from that fault I answer set beer and water out beer will freez as soon as water But let us look into the composition of beer It is made of barley water and hops Barley is cold in the first degree hops hot in the second now a thing hot in the second degree put to double so much of a thing cold in the first degree maketh but a temper but if it did this is nothing to the actuall cold although it were something to the potentiall for it is the actuall cold we stand on And therefore water beer or whatsoever it be if it have but the positive degree of cold all is one To our purpose Arnoldus in his regiment of health hath these words omnis cervisia ex grano est grossior quà m vinum multùm difficile ad digerendum place he findeth fault with drinking of cold water because saith he it is sluggish impedit omnem cursum and stoppeth all passages Trincavellius also saith cold drink hurteth all that have obstructions and impostumes Again Galen De locis affectis saith cold doth spirituum vias cursus impedire and Aristotle saith it doth congelare Avicen 2. Cautic tract. 1. cap. 4. saith est etiam vitandus potus aquae in mensa water is to be eschewed at the table Whereof Averroes expoundeth the reason to be because priusquam stomachus calefecerit infrigidat incrudat before the stomach can warm the meat by cold water it is cooled and crudified And Galen knowing that cold water was stopping caused it therefore for the stone to be made hot where he would have it to deoppilate as before is alledged But it may be objected grant all this you write is true what is this to our beer which hath endured a boyling I answer it is more vehement against our beer then water unboyled and this is the reason Water which never was boyled hath in it all its aeriall parts which be both his warmest and finest parts and most penetrable and therefore if not to be drunk when it hath them all à multò fortiori not to be drunk when they be gone To demonstrate that it is bereft of them in the boyling weigh but this Take water boyled and water never boyled and set them out in the frosty weather and that which hath been boyled will first freeze Which is because its warmest parts are exhaled out of it But it may be objected that although water will do so yet the composition of beer hath taken that away and therefore beer is freed from that fault I answer set beer and water out beer will freez as soon as water But let us look into the composition of beer It is made of barley water and hops Barley is cold in the first degree hops hot in the second now a thing hot in the second degree put to double so much of a thing cold in the first degree maketh but a temper but if it did this is nothing to the actuall cold although it were something to the potentiall for it is the actuall cold we stand on And therefore water beer or whatsoever it be if it have but the positive degree of cold all is one To our purpose Arnoldus in his regiment of health hath these words Omnis cervisia ex grano est grossior quà m vinum multùm difficile ad digerendum facit oppilationes in visceribus c. All beer saith he made of grain is thicker then wine and being hard to digest it maketh obstructions in the intrals what can be more plainly spoken to our purpose Schola Salerni saith it doth inflare obstruere break wind and stop which is as much as we endeavour for this point to prove And because it shall be known that howsoever you make your beer yet it is stopping of it self and therefore much the more drunk cold note these diversities that beer made of barley onely is most cold that that which is made of barley and oats lesse nourisheth and lesse stoppeth and that that which is made with much wheat is more nourishing and most stopping But to the last point which is Drink taken cold into the stomach indamageth our life which I prove in this sort Whatsoever is a decay or downfall to our spirits indamageth our life But cold drink taken into the stomach doth so Therefore cold drink taken into our stomach indamageth our life My minor I prove in this sort Life according to Paracelsus in his book De vita rerum is nothing else but Spiritus These be his words Vita rerum nihil aliud est quà m essentia spiritualis invisibilis ignis impalpabilis res spiritus spiritualis res Life is nothing else then a spirituall essence an invisible fire an impalpable thing a spirit and a spirituall thing and death is no more then inversio virium virtutum the altering and overthrow of our strength Seeing then our life is a spirituall thing and spirits be the food and nourishment of spirits as Ficinus in his book De sanitate tuenda doth well observe my major must necessarily follow that to be a decay to the spirits is to abbreviate our life My minor viz. that cold drink taken into the stomach doth decay the spirits I prove thus The spirits are ingendred of the bloud and that Montanus in his Counsels doth take notice of where he saith in this sort Spiritus sunt semper proportionati sanguini nihil enim aliud sunt quà m vapor