the vse of it as often as it is needefull It is necessary in the seethinges that are vsed to bee made for Glisters to put into them with the other things the Leaues of this hearbe for that they shal profit much and likewise for Fomentations and Plaisters that they shall make In griefes of windes they worke the like effect taking away the paines that come of the windinesse applying the leaues after the same sorte as is aboue saide In the griefe of women which is called the euill of the Mother laying too one leafe of this hearbe Tabaco very hotte in the manner as it is sayde it doth manifestly profite and it must bee layde vppon the Nauell And vnder it some doe vse to put first of al thinges of good smell vpon the Nauel and then vpon that they lay the leafe In that which they finde most profit is to lay the Tacamahaca or the oyle of liquid Amber and Balsamo and Caranna or any of these vnto the Nauel and to kepe it too it continually that it may cleaue vnto it and this worketh manifest profit in griefes of the Mother In one thing the women that dwel in the Indias doe celebrate this hearbe that is in the euill breathing at the mouth of children when they are ouer filled with meate and also of olde people anoynting their bellies with lampe oyle and laying some of those leaues in ashes hotte to their bellies also to theyr shoulders for it doeth take away ther naughty breathing and maketh them goe to the stoole applying it vnto the fundement at what tyme it is needfull and if the leaues bee ashed it is the better Wormes of all kindes of them it killeth and expelleth them maruellously the seething of the hearbe made into a Syrope delicately beeing taken in very little quantitie the ioyce thereof put on the nauel It is needful after this be done to giue a Glister that may auoyde them and expell them out of the guttes In griefes of the Iointes comming of a colde cause it maketh a maruellous worke the Leaues of this Tabaco being laid hotte vpon the griefe the lyke doth the Ioyce layde vpon a little cloth hotte for that it doeth dissolue the humor taketh away the paines therof If it come of a hot cause it doth hurt sauing when the humor hath bene hot and the subtil part is dissolued and the grosse remayneth then it doeth profite as if the cause were colde and it is to be vnderstood that the leaues being layde where as is griefe of the sayde cause in any part of the body it profiteth much In swellings or in cold Impostumes it doth dissolue and vndoe them washing them with the hotte Iuyce and laying the beaten leaues after they be stampt or the leaues beeing whole of the sayde Tabaco vpon it In the Toothache when the griefe commeth of a colde cause or of colde Rumes putting to it a little ball made of the leafe of the Tabaco washing first the tooth with a small cloth wet in the Iuyce it taketh away the payne and stayeth it that the putrifaction goe not forwarde in hot causes it doth not profite and this remedy is so common that it healeth euery one This hearbe doth maruellously heale Chilblaines rubbing them with the stamped leaues and after putting the handes and Feete in hot water with Salt and keping them warme this is done with great experience in many In Uenom and venomous wounds our Tabaco hath great commendation which hath beene knowne but a shorte tyme since for when the wilde people of the Indias which eate mans fleshe doe shoote their Arrowes they annointe them with an hearbe or Composition made of many poysons with the which they shoote at all thinges that they would kill and this Uenom is so strong and pernicious that it killeth without remedie and they that bee hurte dye with great paynes and accidents and with madnes vnlesse that their be found remedie for so great an euill A fewe yeeres past they laid to their wounds Sublimatum and so were remedied and surely in those partes they haue suffered much with this vexation of poyson A little whiles past certaine wild people going in their Bootes to S. Iohn De puerto Rico to shoote at IndiaÌ„s or Spaniards if that they might find theÌ„ came to a place and killed certain Indians Spaniards did hurt many as by chaunce there was no Sublimatum at that place to heale them they remembred to lay vpon the wounds the Ioyce of the Tabaco the leaues stamped And God would that laying it vpon the hurtes the griefs madnes accidents wherwith they dyed were mittigated and in such sort they were deliuered of that euill that the strength of the Uenom was taken away and the wounds were healed of the which there was greate admiration Which thing being knowen to theÌ„ of the Ilande they vse it also in other hurtes and woundes which they take when they fight with the wilde people nowe they stande in no feare of them by reason they haue founde so great a remedy in a case so desperate This Hearbe hath also vertue against the hearbe called of the Crosseboweshooter which our hunters doe vse to kil the wilde beastes withall which heathe is Uenom most strong and doeth kill without remedie which the Kinges pleasure was to prooue and commaunded to make experience thereof and they wounded a little dogge in the throate and put foorthwith into the wound the hearbe of the Crosseboweshooter and after a little while they powred into the selfe same wounde that they had annoynted with the Crossebowe shooters hearbe a good quantitie of the Iuyce of Tabaco and layde the stamped leaues vpon it and they tied vp the dogge and hee escaped not without great admiration of al men that sawe him Of the which the excellent Phisition of the Chamber of his maiestie Doctor Barnarde in the margent of this booke that sawe it by the commaundement of his Maiestie wryteth these wordes I made this experience by the commaundement of the kinges Maiesty I wounded the dogge with a knife after I put the Crossebowe shooters hearbe into the wounde and the hearbe was chosen and the dogge was taken of the hearbe and the Tabaco and his Iuyce being put into the wounde the dogge escaped and remained whole In the venomous Carbuncles the Tabaco being applied in maner as is aforesaid doth extinguish the malice of the venom doth that which al the woorkes of Surgery can doe vntil it be whole The same effect it worketh in bytinges of venomous beastes for it killeth and extinguisheth the malice of the venom and healeth them In woundes newely hurt and cuttes strokes prickes or any other manner of wounde our Tabaco worketh maruellous effectes for that it doeth heale them and maketh them souâ—d The wound must be washed with wine procure to annoynt the
to see what we finde written by euery one of them Amongest whom Andrewe Mathiolus of Siena a man very well learned in the Commentaries which hee wrote most learnedly vppon Dioscorides in the sixth booke declaring the Medicines that are agaynst venome by speciall propertie doeth write of the Bezaar stone very geeat vertues and doeth approoue it to be a medicine and remedie most principall that at this day is knowen in the Worlde agaynst venome and he doeth referre that as is sayd vnto the Authours which wee haue alleaged Andrewe de Laguna borne in Segouia who amongest the learned was named Galen the Spaniarde for the Commentaries which he made vpon the sixth book of Dioscorides in the Spanish tongue where he treateth of venomes he sheweth how present a remedie the Bezaar stone is agaynst all kinde of venome and agaynst the bytinges of venomous beastes and agaynst pestilent Agewes of euill qualitie and also that it is a greate remedie agaynst the falling sickenesse that it doeth expell the stone of the Raynes and beeyng geuen with Wyne it breaketh the stone in the Bladder There hee noteth howe this Stone is engendred in certayne Goates of the Mountaynes of Persia and howe the stones that are the best bee bright and skaley and softe of the colour of a Fruite of Spaine called Beringena which is a remedie muche commended amongest Princes and great lords for the effects aforesaide Valescus de Taranto a Phisition and borne in Milan the scholler of Tornamira in the 7. booke of his experiments praiseth very much this Bezaar stone to be of great force against venom and other diseases for his effectes and for the great fame that was of his woorkes in this tyme against al venom Saint Ardonius of Pesauris Phisition in a booke which hee made of venomes exceedingly prayseth the Bezaar stone preferreth it before all other medicines as wel simples as compoundes which haue vertue against venom or byâ—inges of venomous beastes and sayeth that hee sawe it and prooued it by great experience Amato Lucitano a learned man of our tyme being now resident in Ragosa in his commentaries which hee wrote vppon Dioscorides in the seconde booke of Ceruigenitale did treate of this Bezaar stone very learnedly as a man of Portingal who did much enforme himselfe of those of his nation that came from the East India and he sayeth that the Bezaar stone is of the making of an acorne full of spottes declining to the colour of a sad blewe compounded with many shales the which they call Bezaar as a present remedie against al maner of venom and they take them out of certaine beastes which are lyke to wilde hartes that are in the East India and are called goates of the mountaines they are founde in their bowelles and inner partes of the which being giueÌ„ 3. graynes with the waters of the flowers of Orenges it is the present remedy against all Uenom killing and extinguishing the venomes and force thereof it killeth the wormes giueÌ„ with water of Verdolagas where the feuer is and where there is no feuer with whyte wine he saieth that he hath experience and hath cured therewith the pluâ—esie being very sore rooted it is conuenient that it be giuen to them that haue taken venom in vomittes and it wil expel the venom and being giuen to them that haue vomitted of beastes speaking of the goate doeth much commend this Bezaar stone to be against al venoÌ„ Other authors there be that make mention of this stone but they passe it lightly ouer only praysing it to be good against venom in generall and in particular the which at this present I lightly passe ouer for it is sufficiently spoken of by those before rehearsed wherby it may haue authoritie with al those that therof wil profite themselues That which I haue seene by experience I wil now speake of for the more confirmation of the sayde cause and of the meruellous vertues which it hath wherby it may bee vnderstoode what is written by these authors aforesayd with manifest examples It is about 14. yeres past that my Lady the Duches of Bâ—jar was aduertised by the Lorde don Iohn Mauriques that in the Court was vsed for such as did sound a stone that was called the Bezaar for that my Lady the Duches had a sonne very sicke of the sayde disease wel neere since the tyme of his byrth and shee beeing desirous of his health did procure to know what remedy might be had and seeing the ordinary remedies of Phisicke which they had ministred vnto him beeing many and diuers by the wysest Phisitions of Spayne and yet not preuailed any thing and hearing of the greate vertue of this Bezaar stone they had communication with mee thereof yet was it to mee somewhat straunge for that I had no other knowledge thereof then by bookes and I thought that it had not beene in these partes then I requested that the stone might be sent for being desirous to ease this Lorde for his vertues deserued the same and his great knowledge in al kinde of learning and in al things that a noble man might haue knowledge in as also to see the stone which was a thing of mee much desired The stone was sent for to Lishebron by meanes of a Genoues and there was brought twoo of them very fayre wrought in gold and eche of them as great as a Date stone and somewhat greater of colour greene and blackishe lyke to a Beringena which is a fruit of Spayne and the stone being brought not a little to our contentment euery one gaue their iudgement it was agreed that at such time as he should sownde it shoulde presently be giuen him and the sownding being come in the euening hee toke foorth with the appointed order which was brought from the court that hee should take foorthwith the waight of three graines of the pouder of the stone and it should bee cast in water of Oxetongue so much as might be sufficient for him and so it was done Opening his mouth hee swallowed it downe the which he did with much difficultie within the space of halfe a quarter of an houre after hee had taken it hee recouered as easilie as though hee had not had it And seeing the vertue that was in the stone wee did esteeme it much and the more for that wee sawe that euery tyme it toke him he came to himselfe so easily and when he toke not the stone the sounding did continue long and hee returned from it with greate paynes and in long tyme it seased not but when the stone was giuen him he came quickly to himselfe and with greate easinesse as though he had not had any sownding at all My Lady the Duches caried the stone in her purse and had the quantitie that he shoulde take alwayes in a readinesse bycause when the sownding came to him it might bee giuen him with more speede bycause hee shoulde not bee long
¶ IOYFVLL NEWES out of the newfound world wherein are declared the rare and singular vertues of diuers and sundrie Herbs Trees Oyles Plants Stones with their applications aswell to the vse of Phisicke as Chirurgery which being wel applied bring such present remedy for all diseases as may seeme altogether incredible notwithstanding by practize found out to be true Also the portrature of the sayde Herbes very aptly described Englished by Iohn Frampton Merchant Newly corrected as by conference with the olde copies may appeare Wherevnto are added three other bookes treating of the Bezaar stone the herbe Escuerçomera the properties of yron and steele in Medicine and the benefite of snowe Imprinted at London in Paules Churchyard at the signe of the Quenes Armes by William Norton 1580. ¶ To the right worshipfull Maister Edwarde Dier Esquier Iohn Frampton wisheth much health with prosperous and perfite felicitie REturning right worshipful home into Englande out of Spaine and now not pressed with the former toiles of my olde trade to passe the tyme to some benefite of my country and to auoyde idlenes I tooke in hande to translate out of Spanish into English the three bookes of Doctor Monardes of Seuil the learned Phisition treating of the singular and rare vertues of certaine Hearbes Trees Oyles Plants Stoner Drugges of the West Indias for that the same booke is of high commendation in Spaine and other countries in such sorte that in deede it might bring in tyme rare profite to my Country folkes of Englande by wonderful cures of sundâ—â— great diseases that otherwise then by these râ—â—edies were incurable And hauing finished â—he same translation I determined to dedicate my trauaile therein to some rare louer of knowledge for the worthinesse of the woorke and not finding any Gentleman of myne acquaintance that was more studious and more delighted with learned works or that more cherished trauellers and louers of all good knowledge determined to dedicate the same to your woorshippe before al others requesting your woorshippe to accept the worke and to be a patron of the same and to take it into your protection since the matter is of good substance and of much value and of me truly fâ—ithfully translated into English And since the aforesaid Medicines mentioned in the same worke of Doctoâ— Moâ—ardes are now by Marchants others brought out of the West Indias into Spainâ— and from Spaine hither into England by such as doe dâ—ily traffickâ— thither and that the excellencie of these Hearbes Trees Oyles Plants stones c. haue bin knowen to be so precious a remedie for all manner of diseases and hurtes that may happe vnto Man Woman or Childe they haue leâ—t of and forsaken very much the olde order and maâ—ner of Phisicke which was vsed before that this was knowen as thinges not of so present remedie for all manner of diseases as these nowe late founde owt are which by greate experience made in Spayne and other Countries were throughly and effectuously prooued and experimented to woorke the effectes which are contayned in this Booke And thus I leaue your woorshippe to the Almightie beseeching him to gyue you long lyfe and for the Common-wealthes sake that aduauncement that your good nature and rare vertues doe wel deserue From London the first of October 1577. Your worships during lyfe to commaunde Iohn Frampton THE FIRST PART OF THIS BOKE TREATETH OF THE thinges that are brought from the Occidentall Indias which serue for the vse of Medicine and of the order that must be kept in taking the roote called Mechoacan wherein are discouered great secretes of Nature and great experiences made and compiled by Doctor Monardus Phisition of Seuill IN the yere of our Lord God a thousaÌ„d foure hundreth ninetie two our Spaniards were gouerned by sir Christopher ColoÌ„ being naturally born in the couÌ„trie of Genoua to discouer the OccideÌ„tal Indias that are called at this day the newe world and they discouered the first land thereof the xi day of October of the said yere from that time vnto this they haue discouered many sundry Islandes and muche firme land as wel in that couÌ„trie which they cal the new Spaine as in that which is called the Peru where there are manie Prouinces many Kingdomes and many Cities that haue contrary and diuers customes in them in which there haue beene founde out thinges that neuer in these partes nor in any other partes of the worlde haue beene seene nor vnto this day knowen and other thinges which nowe are brought vnto vs in greate abundance that is to say Gold Siluer Pearles Emeraldes Turkeies other fine stones of great value Yet great is the excesse and quantitie that hath come and euery daie doeth come and inespecially of Golde and Siluer that it is a thing woorthy of admiration the great number of Melons which haue come from thence besides the great quantity of pearles which haue stored the whole world also they doe bring fâ—om those partes Popingaies Griffons Apes Lions Gerfaucons other kinds of Haukes Tigers wool Cotton wool Graine to die colouâ—es with al Hides Sugars Coppar Brasill the wood Ebano Anill and of all these there is so great quantity that there commeth euery yeere one hundred ships laden therewith that it is a great thing and an incredible riches And besides these great riches our Occidentall Indias doe send vnto vs many Trees Plants Hearbes Rootes Iuices Gummes Fruites Licoures Stones that are of great mâ—dicinall vertues in the which there be founde and haue been found in them very great effectes that doe exceede much in value and price all the aforesayde thinges by so muche as the corporall health is more excellent and necessary then the temporall goodes the which thinges all the world doth lacke the want whereof is not a little hurtefull according to the greate profite which wee doe see by the vse of them to follow not onely in our Spayne but also in all the world And this is not too bee meruelled at that it is so for the Philosophâ—r doeth say that all Countries doe not yeelde Plantes and Fruites alike for one Region yeeldeth such Fruites Trees and Plantes as an other doeth not wee doe see that in Creta onely groweth the Diptamo and the Incence onely in the region of Saba and the Almaciga onely in the Islande of Chio and the Sinamom Cloues and Peper and other spices onely in the Islands of the Maluca and many other thinges you haue in diuers partes of the worlde which were not knowne vntill our time and the people of olde time did lacke them but Time which is the discouerer of all thinges hath discouered them vnto vs greatly to our profite considering the greate neede that wee hâ—d of thâ—m And as there are discouered new regions newe kingdomes and newe Prouinces by our Spaniardes so they haue brought vnto vs newe Medicines and newe Remedies wherewith they doe cure many infirmities which if we did lacke them
of this manner and forme Beeyng in the house of a principal Merchant of this city making a Medicine in a Chimney where they did burne of that wood the smoke that came out of the wood did smell much and gaue a very sweet sauour of the which he maruelled much and asked from whence they had cast thither that good smell They of the house tolde him that the good smel was of the wood that they did there burne and it was that which did cast that good smell He tooke a sticke of the Wood and from it plucked a slip of the same which had no smell nor sauour more than other common wood had then he tooke away a little of the rinde and smelled vnto it and tasted it and he founde a sweete smell most excellent in it and a Sauour no more nor lesse then of Maces or Nutmegges and much more sharpe and more sweete and of a more pleasant smell and tast then any Cinamom that is in the world and with more liuelinesse and sharpnesse of tast then the Peper I tasted it at the taking away of the rinde from the said wood of the which he had a great peece of timber and surely there is not any thing of so sweet smell and tast of any thing which we haue that with so much pleasantnesse of smell and with such liuelinesse seadeth forth a flauour as this did penitrate me insomuche that tasting a little of it I carried all that day the sweete smell and sauour in my mouth beeyng meruellous as though I had carried there a peece of Nutmegge Of this wood they saide that a Maister of a Shippe of his did cut a great quantitie comming by the Hauana and in a mountayne they cut much of it for the shippes prouision and that which did remayne they carried to the Owners howse there wast it as I haue said Wherby I do coÌ„sider howe many trees and plantes there be in our Indias that haue great vertues for medicines that in the fuell of the Chimney they spend wood of sweet odoriferous sauour the rynde of the which being made into pouder there might bee done very great effects with it for comforting the heart and the stomake and principall members without seeking after the spicerie of Maluca and the medicines of Arabia and them of Persia. Seeing that in the fieldes vntilled and in the Mountaines and Desertes our Indias do yeeld them vnto vs the fault is ours that we doe not follow after them nor seeke to doe the diligence that is conuenient for to profite our selues in these meruellous effectes the which I trust that Time beeing the discouerer of all thinges and good diligence and experience withall will discouer vnto vs to our greate profite ¶ The end of the first parte God be praysed The Seconde Part of this Booke is of the things that are brought from our Occidentall INDIAS which serue for the vse of Medicine wherein is treated of the Tabaco and of the Sassafras and of the Carlo Sancto and of many other hearbes and plantes seedes and licoures that newly are brought from those partes of great vertues and meruellous effectes Written by Doctor Monardus Phisition of Seuill Catholike Roiall Maiestie THese daies past I wrote a booke of all thinges which come froÌ„ your Occidentall Indias seruing for the vse of medicine and surely it hath been taken in that estimation that the things which in it are intreated of doe deserue And seeing the profite that it hath done and howe many haue been remedied and healed with those remedies I did determine to proceede forwardes to write of the thinges which after that the first part was written haue come from those countries of the which I haue vnderstood that no lesse vtilitie and profite shal come then of those which are past for there shal be discouered newe thinges secrets which will bring admiration neuer to this day seene nor knowne before And seeing that these medicinall things which we do treate of the Realmes and Countries from whence they come belong vnto your maiestie and he also that writeth of them is your Maiesties subiect I doe desire your Maiestie to receiue this trauell into your protection and that the reward may be such as for the like workes dedicated to your Maiestie is accustomed to be geuen Your Maiesties Subiect Doctor Monardes ¶ Of the Tabaco and of his great vertues THIS Hearbe which commonly is called Tabaco is an Hearbe of muche antiquitie and knowen amongst the Indians and in especially among them of the new Spayne and after that those Countries were gotten by our Spaniardes beyng taught of the Indians they did profite themselues with those things in the wounds which they receiued in their Warres healing themselues therewith to their great benefite Within these few yeeres there hath beene brought into Spayne of it more to adornate Gardens with the fairenesse thereof and too geue a pleasaunt sight than that it was thought to haue the meruellous medicinable vertues which it hath but nowe wee doe vse it more for his vertues than for his fairenesse For surely they are such which doe bring admiration It is growing in many partes of the Indias but ordinarily in moyst and shadowie places and it is needefull that the grounde whâ—re it is sowen bee well tilled and that it be a fruitefull grounde and at all times it is sowen in the hot Countries But in the colde Countries it must bee sowen in the Moneth of Marche for that it may defende it selfe from the frost The proper name of it amongest the Indians is Picielt for the name of Tabaco is geuen to it by our Spaniardes by reason of an Island that is named Tabaco It is an hearbe that doth growe and come too bee verie greate many times to bee greater then a Lemmon tree It casteth foorth one steame from the roote which groweth vpright without declining to any parte it sendeth foorth many Bowes straight that wel neere they bee equall with and at the tyme as the hearbe is in the Morter a stamping let there be put to it a fewe droppes of Uineger that his worke may be made the better and after the place is rubbed where the paine is then lay vpon it one leafe or twoo leaues of the Tabaco being hotte and so let it alone til the next day and then doe the like againe or in place of the leaues vse a Linen cloth wette in the hotte Ioyce Some there bee that after they haue rubbed it with the staÌ„ped leaues do annoynt it with oyntments made for the like euils and vpon it they lay the leaues or the ioyce of the Tabaco And surely with this cure they haue dissolued great and harde opilations and very old swellings In the griefe of the stone of the Kidneis and Reines this hearbe worketh great effectes by putting the leaues into Ashes or Embres hotte that they may warme wel and then being layde vpon the griefe multiplying
in the cleare water that shall remayne vppon it some small clothes or in place of the smal clothes lint of fine Linen cloth weate in the water it cleanseth the sore eating the euil fleshe in such sorte for howe euill olde and filthy soeuer that the sore bee it leaueth it cleane and being laide to the flesh it doeth soder and heale them and after this is done you must vse the Medicines which haue vertue to ingender flesh And the effect of this seede is no more then to mundifie make cleane and to take away the superfluitie of the wounde The self same effect that this seede worketh in vs it worketh in beastes also which for the most part haue very euill sores that bee cankered and full of Wormes the seede being laide vnto them if the cause bee so great that it doth requyre it or the water of it as it is sayde maketh the lyke woorke as wee haue spoken of and better vsing alwayes the defensiues as is conuenient where such Medicines bee applyed for that it is a Medicine most strong and it hath neede of them all I wil shewe you what happened to me with it An Indian brought me this seede with many other hearbes and going about to discouer them and being come to this seede I tooke a graine and put it into my mouth to proue it He that brought it as one which knew it wel kept back my hand would not suffer me to proue it for all that I parted with my teeth one graine which is no greater then one grayne of hempe seede but some deale lesser and beareth some likenes of it at the tyme that it came to the point of the tongue the seede being parted made me a blister vpon it which dured with me certaine dayes I commended it to the Deuil and then I beleeued what they had certified me of it I began to make experience of it and it wrought more effectually then was spoken of it It is hot in the fourth degree and more if there be any more degrees Also I haue an Hearbe which being sodde and the water of it taken hot healeth the euils of the brest I know not the name of it but in the remembrance of them which came it was written And an other which enforceth to cast out the dead childe of the belly of thi◠the Indians haue great experience for this effect and once in these countries it hath profited They brought me two drie hearbes which I would haue been glad to haue seene greene the one of these being in the field in all his force if a man or woman doe put their handes vpon him forthwith he falleth downe dead vpon the ground And the other lying abroade vpon the ground in touching it to gather it it shutteth it self together as a Cabadge of the Countrie of Murcia Thinges meruellous and of much consideration I haue blacke Eleboro brought from the Prouince of Mechoacan like to that of Spayne and woorking the like effect Certaine dayes past a young man which tooke counsell of me that came from the Prouice of Quito and beeyng with me there came vnto me a neighbour of mine saying that his daughter was verie sicke of the Flixe and I had her in cure and her disease increased with blood requesting me that I shoulde goe to visite her The Indian which was with me asked me if they were stooles of blood I said yea and he sayd vnto me that he woulde geue her a thing that beyng made into pouder and taken woulde take them away forthwith that in the Prouince of Quito it had been experimented many times The Father of the sicke maiden went with him to his house and he gaue him certayne peeces of a fruite which seemed to be of a greate tree of the one parte they were very smooth and of colour yeallowe and of the other they were very sharpe and very redde insomuch that they seemed of a purple colour They were ground smal and he gaue the pouder to the sicke womā with the water of the hed of Roses once that Euening an other time in the Morning and immediatly the Flixe did cease from tha◠time waxed better whereby she came to be whole And as for the man I neuer saw him after he gaue it to her ¶ To the right Worshipfull Maister Doctor Monardus Phisition in Seuill RIght worshipfull famous Doctor it will seeme a newe thing to your worship that I being not learned not of your profession doe write to you in things of your faculty being a Souldier that haue followed the warres in these Countries al my life I haue done this because I am affectioned to your worship by reason of a book which you haue cōpiled of the medicines which are in these partes of the vertues benefits that by thē haue byn receyued which are so great that I cannot declare thē as they deserue And by means of your book we haue order how we should vse the remedies which we haue here for before we did vse thē without rule or measure so that neyther they did work effect nor with them the people were wel remedied which now is to the cōtrary by meanes of your books there hath been people remedied that neuer thought to haue had remedy nor health It is more then 28. yeeres vnto this day that I haue gone wādring by al these Indias where are many things of those which your worship doth write of in your book other things also which haue not byn brought thither for bicause the Phisitions that come to these parts are nothing curious They apply not their eye to the vniuersal wealth but to their owne particular for they come onely to enrich thēselues for the most part they be ignorāt people which passe to those Indias they doe not esteeme of the good which they might doe And though that I haue no learning I am affectioned to men of learning so I am to your worship for that I vnderstood of your bookes and for the same that you haue in these partes which is great although I knowe you not yet I was willing to take these paines which is a contentment to m◠You write in your book geuing knowledge of the Bezaar stone set down the signes of the beasts which haue thē which being cōsidered we haue happened vpon a kind of beasts that liue in the moūtaines of this country which are much like to sheep or kiddes which your woorship speaketh of which are in the Indias of Portugal which breede haue these stones of the which there are many in this country in the mountaines colde countries They are for the moste of a darke red colour they are fed with healthful herbes wherof is greate plentie in the mountaines where these beasts do feed they be very swift insomuch that they cannot bee hunted but with the hande Gun they haue no hornes and in that onely
they doe differ from them of the East India for in all the rest they are the same The 15. day of Iune in this yeere of 1568. I certain geÌ„tlemen my freends went to the mountaines to huÌ„t we were a hunting fiue dayes and we killed some of those beasts which I haue spoken of And as we went for this purpose thinking that they were of the kind of theÌ„ of the East India we carried your booke with vs we opened one of them the greatest that we hunted and oldest we colde finde we found no stones in his belly nor in any other part of him nor any other thing wherby we belâ—eued that they were not the same kind of beasts with those of the East India And we asked of certaine Indians that went to serue vs where these beasts had their stones as they are our enimies would not that we should knowe their secrets they answered vs that they knew nothing of these stones vntil one boy which was amongst them being an Indian of the age of 12. yeres seeing that we were so desirous to know the same shewed vs the secrete of the haue byn vsed since that hunting that I haue spoken of which were the first that haue bin discouered in the world for the vse to heale diseases we do trust that with them wil be done maruellous woorkes according as they haue begun to do theÌ„ all this is owing to your worship seing that by your book we had knowledge to seek them to discouer them to take them out of these beastes which had them so hidden within them that surely ther is much owing to your worship for discouering vnto vs so great a treasure as this is which is the greatest that hath bin fouÌ„d in these parts wherby our nation is much bound to you likewise al the world because al men shal profit by theÌ„ the rest of the secrets which you haue set down in your book which bringeth vnto vs great profit And in recompence of the benefit which I haue receiued I send here to your woorship a dosen of stones by the returne of Iohn Anthony Corso the rich Merchant which if they come thither your worship may make experience of them in many infirmities for you shal find great effectes in them By the same returne also your worship may aduise me of them any thing that shal please you to commaund me I wil do it as one that is most affectioned to you because you are curious and learned for doing so much good to the world in those thinges which you haue written published Heerewithall I send you a small Chest in the which come certaine Frisoles which you may command to be sowen in the beginning of Marche that the colde doe not hurte them which send foorth a plant like vnto beanes but somewhat lesse which haue certaine vaines where the seed is Halfe a dozen of them eaten with salt being of the tast of green beanes they purge valiantly euacuate the water of him which hath the dropsie without paynes The selfe same effect it worketh if that they be dry making theÌ„ into pouder taking theÌ„ with wine it is needful that meat be made in a redines for if they work to much by taking more then they should be with eating any thing incontinent the worke wil cease Also I sende you an hearbe which groweth in these plaine countries clounge to the ground like vnto grasse which is of great vertues for many infirmities chiefly for them which are grieued with Reumes and Fleumes in the throate taking them away easily with great benefite and in this griefes of the head Reumes chewing it they do dissleume very much they call this hearbe after my name because I vse it for the like euils for that an Indian did teach it me which knew much of the vertue of hearbes Also I send your worship a fruite of a tree which is of great profit these trees be not founde in any countrie but in this they are of the greatnesse of an Oke of those in Spain it hath many vertues for the rinde being made in pouder and cast into any sore which is needful to bee made cleane it maketh it cleane afterward causeth the flesh to grow healeth it And rubbing the teeth with this pouder it maketh theÌ„ cleane very wel being laid vpon the gummes if the flesh be taken away it doeth incarnate them if the teeth be loose it maketh theÌ„ fast Seething the leaues of this tree well in water washing with the water thereof any manner of swelling which hath any sore or that is therof cankered it taketh away the swelling and impostume And making some small linen clothes weate in this seething laying them warme vpon the medicine which is laide vpon the sore or vpon the pouder that is made of the rinde it maketh the sores to heale more quickly causing that there come no humour to them Out of the saide tree commeth a Rosine which is of sweete smel and serueth to perfume in many diseases of the head to make plaisters for many eâ—ils and heere I send it to your worship Of the fruite the Indians make a certaine drinke which is for them very healthâ—ul Your worshippe may commande them to bâ—e sowen for I would be glad that they should grow for it will bee a thing of much delight for the profite that it bringeth in Phisicke and for the noueltie of the tree for at al tymes it hath a very good smel I brought into this country a blacke woman which I bought in Xerez de la Frontera and there did appeare vpon her when we came hither certain olde sores in her legs which were of long continuance and comming to the Ilande of the Margareta and beeing very sorowefull for the sores which my blacke woman had an Indian tolde me that hee woulde heale her and seeing that she had no other remedy I deliuered her to the custodie of the Indian that he might heale her for me and immediatly he toke a fruite which is common in that country and al people ingeneral doe eate it which is of the greatnes of an Orenge it hath a stone like vnto a Peach This stone the IndiaÌ„ did burne and made it into pouder for the stone is hard can not be grounde without burning of it and he cast the pouder of it into the sores which she had ful of much rotten flesh and very filthy which with the pouder were made cleane and very well and it tooke out al the rotten flesh to the bone and after it was cleane with lint and a litle pouder laid too it they began to be filled with newe flesh vntil they were ful of flesh and she was healed very wel And it is to be considered that the little kernel of the stone hath so much venom malice in it that if any person
and little of them and it seemeth wel by them that they haue medicinal vertues many persons bring them which are now come in this Fleete who come to mee as though I were the first discouerer of them They declare maruellous effects of theÌ„ that iâ— seemeth wonderful I brake one and gaue it made into pouder to a boye of whome it was sayde that venom had bene giuen to him I cannot tel whether any other benefites done vnto him or that healed him but hee was well recouered I wil vse it in other infirmities and what I find of their operation and the rest of the medicines which shal be newly discouered I wil shew in the thirde volume which I wil wryte of this Medicinall historie wherein shal bee expressed thinges maruellous and greate secretes of Phisicke that may giue contentation to al men and much more to the sick that shal be healed with them Of one thing you must bee aduertised that which is heere written part of it we haue learned of them that haue come from those partes and brought knowledge of them hither and parte is attributed to theyr complexion and qualities what they may doe and part wee haue experimented and in all haue this consideration that al these things which are brought from our Indias bee for the most parte hotte and see that you vse them in this qualitie in all causes wherein they shal bee needful And it is needful that there bee some aduertisement giuen heereof since the vse of the things doeth so import it ¶ Of the Dragon the other the blood of Drago in bread The one and the other haue vertue to retayne any maner of the fluxe of the bellie layde vppon the bellie or geuen in glisters or taken by the mouth Made into pouder it staieth the running of the head and to the lower parts applied in any maner of fluxe of blood it doeth retaine and slanch it It sodereth and gleweth woundes together which be fresh and new made It letteth that the teeth fall not out and it maketh the flesh to grow on the bare gummes It is a meruellous colour for Painters And besides this it hath many other vertues I do meane to sow some of the seed to see if it wil grow in these partes It is thought that the blood of Drago is temperate with little heate There was a gumme geuen vnto me which they bring from the firme lande of the Peru wherewith they purge them which haue the Goute in those partes they put of it as much as a Nut into distilâ—ed water and let it stande all the night in steepe and in the morning they strayne and wring it and take that water which must be the quantity of two Ounces and the patient must remayne without meate till the middest of the day and therewith they purge the humour which causeth the Goute I saw a Gentleman who came in this last Fleete vse it which hee brought for remedie of this euill who was full of the Goute and with vsing this euacuation he findeth himselfe well and the Goute doeth not come to him as it was woont to doe for that it came to him very cruelly and often and he gaue mee as muche as a small Nutte and would geue me no more and I gaue it in the order aforesaide to one which had the Goute and hee had three stooles with it I know not how it will proue it were needfull to haue more quantitie for to proceede forewarde in more experience thereof but it will bee brought hither by others as they haue done many other thinges It hath a goâ—d tast in the taking for that it hath neither smel nor sauour it maketh his worke without paynes It is hot in my opinion in the first degree I know not what manner of thing the Tree is wherout they take it for hee which brought it knoweth not so much himselfe Of the Armadilio THis beasts portraiture I tooke out of an other naturally made which was in the Counting house of Gonsalo de Molina a Gentleman of this Citie in the which there is greate quantitie of Bookes of diuers Authours and the fashion and fourme of many kindes of Beastes and Birdes and other curious thinges brought from the Orientall Indias as also from the Occidentall and from other partes of the worlde And great variety of coynes and stones of antiquity and differences of armes which with greate curiositie and with a noble minde he hath caused to be brought thither waight then two pound hollowe in some partes and very white they are al somwhat heauie Of these stones they haue in the Indias great â—xperience geuing them made into pouder vnto those that suffer the griefe of the stone in the Kydneies and to them that cannot pisse and to them that cannot cast out the stone of the Reines and of the Bladder beeyng of such greatnesse that it may not passe out This is a thing amongst the Indians very common and well knowne and likewise amongest the Spaniardes which dwell in those partes and they which come hither auerre it plainly and affirme it to be so I haue tasted it and it seemeth a thing vnsauorie but I haue not proued it nor applied hitherto in time it shal be done we wil geue some reason thereof They bring also from the newe Kingdome and from the prouince of Cartagena a certayne TurpeÌ„tine very cleare of sweet smel much better then that they call de Vetae which they bring from Venice it hath all the vertues that the good Turpentine hath it worketh the selfesame effectes better and with greater efficacie and readinesse Here hath beene vsed of it in woundes and it is a thing maruellous to see the good worke which it doeth especially in wounds of ioyntes and Sinewes of Legges wherein I haue seene greâ—t works done with it And it doth mundifie being mingled with other thinges all kind of olde soares it is an excellent thing washed prepared for the faces of Ladies which haue neede of it Moreouer they bring from the selfesame parts Caranna of Cartagena purified so cleare that it is like to Cristal and surely it is better it is applied vnto much better effect then that which hithervnto hath come and maketh better works and is of a more sweet smel and more excellent in operation Of the Flower of Mechoacan MAny persons of them which came now in this last Fleate from the firme land brought very good Mechoacan better then that of the new Spaine gathered in the Coast of Nicaraga and in Quito yea since the Mechoacan was discouered in the new Spaine they haue founde the selfsame hearbe and roote in those partes which I doe speake of And they vse it to purge and it doth maruellous works and they vse it in those countries and in al the firme land as they did vse that which was brought from the newe Spaine with maruellous successe From the
forthwith a double linnen cloth vpon it wette in the same Balsamo and so bounde that the lippes goe not a sunder and keeping diet and vsing letting of blood if it be needful and not vnbinding it vntill the fourth day and they shall finde the wounde comforted except that there bee any accident which causeth it to bee vndone before And when the cause is such that it requireth to bee dressed euery day by reiterating the wette Linnen cloth in the Balsamo it wil bee healed for the vertue of this Balsamo is to cause that there bee no matter engendered in the woundes and especially this Balsamo doeth profite in woundes where there hath beene cuttinges of bones taking them out that haue beene diuided one from another and not touching the rest for that the vertue of the Balsamo will caste them out and hauing so done wil heale the wounde One of the thinges wherein this Balsamo worketh greate effectes is in woundes and ioyntes and in cuttinges of Sinewes in al prickes for in all these kindes of woundes it maketh a maruellous woorke curing and preseruing them from extreame colde and from running together of Sinewes that they remayne not lame The woundes which doe penetrate are healed with this Balsamo being mingled with whyte wyne and spouting it into them and after three houres taking it out again This must be done in wounds or prickes once euery daâ— that it may goe with a moderate heat Likewyse this Balsamo serueth to be applied where haue beene giuen dry blowes or brusinges and for al workes of Surgerie where is no notable inflammation which beeing taken away with the Medicines that are conuenient for it the Balsamo may then bee vsed In euilles which belong not to Surgerie this Balsamo doth profit much as in him that hath the shortnes of breath by taking a fewe droppes in whyte wyne it profiteth him much it taketh away the grief of the head coÌ„ming of a colde cause and a litle Plaister being laide vpon the griefe and wette therewith to the Temples of the head taketh away all runnings by those partes and in especially the euilles of the eyes and Reumes that runne into them beeing layde to the foreparte of the head and it must be good and hot It taketh away the paynes of it and comforteth it and remedieth the Palsie Some that haue beene in a Consumption haue vsed it taking some droppes in the morning licking them out of the Palme of the hande and they haue felt notable profit And it maketh cleane the brest very wel it is good to take some droppes with Aqua vitae hot before any maner of colde in a Quarterne Ague or of a long importunate tertian Ague annoynting with the same Balsamo mingled with Oyle of Ruda the Temples of the head good and hot before the colde doeth come If with the Balsamo they annoint themselues from the mouth of the stomacke to the Nauâ—l it comforteth the stomacke it giueth a lust to meate it helpeth digestion it dissolueth Windes it taketh away the paines of the stomacke and it worketh farre better these effects if the halfe of the Balsamo be mingled with another halfe of Oyle of Spike Nardâ— compounded or simple and so it is better applyed There is great experience of it in the Indias for Swellinges that are in the maner of Dropsies and mingling it with oyntment disopilatiue of equal parts and annointing the belly therewith chiefly the parte neere the Lunges there are seene wrought therewith great effects it dissolueth any maner of swelling or hardnes that is in any parte of the body and being laide vpon any paine that commeth of a colde cause although it be of long continuance it taketh it away bringing it to be so smal vntil it fal of it self the same it doeth wheresoeuer is any winde And if it bee in the belly or in any parte of the body wetting a Linen cloth hot in Aqua vitae of the best and applying it to the place where the griefe of the Stone is and mingled with Oyle made for the purpose it maketh a great woorke it taketh away the paynes of the Sinewes and when they bee shronke together in a very hot weather rubbing them with it it dissolueth them The euil called the Lamparones that are open or shutte it healeth Many other effectes this maruellous licour worketh which I haue not knowen but these which I haue knowen I doe manifest to al the worlde that they may take profite by so maruellous a Medicine which hath so many vertues as you haue hearde and euery day the tyme wil discouer other greater The ende of the thirde and last parte The Table of the thinges that these three bookes doe containe In the first Booke OF the Anime Copal fol. 1. Of the Tacamahaca fol. 2. Of the Caranna fol. 4. Of the oyle of the Figge tree fol. 5. Of the Gumme fol. 6. Of the Liquid Ambar and the oyle thereof fol. 6. Of the Balsamo fol. 7. Of GuaiacaÌ„ holy wood 12. Of the China fol. 13. Of the Sarcaparillia fol. 15. Of the blood stone and the stone for the disease of the stone fol. 18. Of the woode for the Urine fol. 19. Of the Peper of the Indias fol. 20. Of the Canafistola fol. 21. Of the Purgatiue Nuttes fol. 21. Of the Purgatiue Pinons fol. 22. Of the Purgatiue Beanes fol. 22. Of the Milke of Pinipinichi fol. 23. Of the Mechoacan fol. 23 Of the Quicke Sulphure fol. 30 Of Arromatike wood 31 In the second Booke OF the Tabaco fo 34 Of the Sassafras Of the Carlo Sancto fol. 57. Of saint Elens Bedes 59. Of the Guacatane fol. 60. Of the smal Barlie fol. 62. The Epistle from the Peru. fol. 64. Of the blood of Drago 71. Of the Armadilio fol. 73. Of the flower of Mechoacan fol. 75. Of the Fruite of Balsamo fol. 76. Of the long Peper fol. 77. Of the Sarcaparillia of Guaiaquil fol. 79. Of Ambar grise fol. 82. In the thirde Booke OF the Cinamon of our Indias fol. 88 Of the Ginger 89. Of the Ruibarbe of the Indias fol. 89 Of the Pinnas fol. 90 Of the Guaiauas fol. 90 Of the Cachos fol. 91 Of the flowers of blood 92 Of the Rinde of a tree for Reumes fol. 92 Of the Pacal ibid. Of the Paico ibid. Of an hearbe for the euill of the Raines ibid. Of the fruite which groweth vnder the ground 93 Of a fruite called Leucoma fol. 93 Of the washing Bead stones fol. 94 Of the Crabbes of that couÌ„trie fol. 94 Of the Cardones fol. 94 Of an hearbe good for them that are broken fol. 95 Of the Ueruaine fol. ibid. Of the Masluerso fol. 96 Of the wilde Lettise fol. 96 Of the licour called Ambia fol. 96 Of a Tree which sheweth whether one shall lyue or die fol. 97 Of the Granadillia fol. 97 Of the hearbe of the Sunne fol. 98 Of a Gumme that is taken out froÌ„ vnder the ground fol. 98 Of the Bezaar
stones of the Peru. fol. 98 Of the Figge trees of the Peru. fol. 100 Of the Coca fol. 100 Of the Colours of diuers groundes fol. 102 Of the Casaui fol. 103 Of the Canes for shortnesse of breath fol. 104 Of the Carlo Sancto 105 Of the Stone for the Mother fol. 105 Of Canafistola in Conserua fol. 160 Of the Balsamo of Colu. fol. 170 A Booke which treateth of two medicines most excellent agaynst all Venome which are the Bezaar stone and the Herbe Escuerconera Wherein are declared their maruellous effects great vertues with the manner how to cure the said venoms and the order which is to be vsed for to be preserued from them Where shall be seene greate secretes in medicine and many experiences Newly compyled by Doctor Monardes of Seuill 1574. Translated out of Spanish into English by Iohn Frampton 1580. eases of the bodie from the toppe of the head to the soale of the foot may be cured by the same so as no drugge in the worlde is thought to be comparable to the same The third book sheweth the mischiefes that growe by drinking of drinkes whot and what Benefite doeth followe by drinking our drinkes colde c. And Sir finding many thankfully to take my sayde former simple trauell too you heretofore dedicated and your Woorship aboue all desert of my parte too recompence the same and beyng earnestly and often exhorted by the lerned Phisitiō Maister Doctor Hector Nones to translate these said 3. Bookes also the remanent of Monardes works to make my Countrymen of England Partakers of the benefit of the same I tooke it in hand as inflamed with the great commendations that this Learned Man made of the sayde three Bookes and especially of the Booke treating of the benefite of yron and steele in phisicke And hauing now thus finished the whole work I dedicate the same to your woorship as to the man to whom I am most bound and that doeth of many best deserue the same requesting you too take it in good part to beare with the base doing of the same And calling to remembraunce of what moment in somtimes A man of value may be to a common Weale and howe common in the worlde the practize of poyson is what malice raignes now among men how needful it is that some kind of persōs should feare prouide for the worst and weying that by our Persian merchants and by other meanes the Bezaar stone this great Iewel is brought into the realme and may be compassed in this our tyme for a litle money And withal weying that Iron and steele be things tending so much to the cure of al diseases and bee the natural home commodities of England and such as are commō and that are both easily and cheaply to bee had by euery poore subiect I haue the rather for the ready benefit that might ensue taken the dispatch of the translation in hande with purpose no longer to keepe the same out of print and so I most humbly take my leaue from London the xv of Iune MDLXXX Your worships most bownden Iohn Prampton bewayle him heereof in that so little a Hearbe can offende him and so small a fruite or stone may destroy him Against al these venomes as well in general as in particular the Phisitions as wel Greekes as Arabiens Latinistes wrote effectual remedies as wel generall as particular Amongest the which they put one in practise that in tymes past was had in greate estimation and taken for a present remedie for the greate vertues and meruellous effectes which it wrought against all venoms and accidentes thereof which they called the Bezaar stone But as tyme is the discouerer of all thinges so is it the destroyer and consumer of euery thing for in hauing bene hid so long from vs wee knewe no more what the Bezaar stone was then as if it had neuer beene and the name thereof was so strange and vnknowen vnto vs euen as the Townes in Scitia Time it selfe willing to restore againe vnto vs this precious stone hidden from vs so many yeeres not onely discouered the same vnto vs but iointly therwith hath descried vnto vs an hearbe which hath the lyke vertues and effectes against all manner of venom which hearbe is called Escuerconera hauing bene discouered but a fewe yeres past to our exceeding great profit and commoditie And because these twoo thinges to wit the Bezaar stone and the Hearbe Escuerconera bee so lyke in operation and haue so many and the selfe same vertues against venom that I determined to wryte of them both together and to shewe the proper vertues of these twoo thinges so excellent in medicine it is needfull first to knowe and therefore treate of the venomes as a beginning of the woorke and to declare what Uenom is and the cause of such as haue taken Uenom and then the remedies thereof and howe they may bee preserued from them and therefore we wil treate first of Uenom for that it will serue not a little for the intent of that which we minde to write of the Bezaar stone and the Hearbe Escuerconera Uenom is a thing which beyng taken at the mouth or applied outwardly doeth ouercome our bodies by making them sicke or by corrupting of them or by killing them and this is founde in one of these foure thinges in plants in minerals in beasts or in mixtures the which worketh their effectes eyther by manifest qualitie or by hidden propertie or both These venoms partly doe kill vs partly we vse them for our profite and bodily health and partly the people of auncient tune did vse them for a remedie against their great labours That which doeth offend vs as well in generall as in particular Dioscorides in his sixth booke of his history of Plantes doeth treate of very exactly putting in generall these remedies and in particular that which is conuenient for euery one of them and the same did other Greekes Latinistes and Arabians which are to be seene who will more particularly know of them These did write of many Medicines with the which euery one may preserue themselues from poyson for the malice of mankinde is very greate and many haue procured for their interest and reuenge not onely with venome to offende and kill the common sorte of people but also Emperoures Kinges great Princes and Lords the which in how much more high estate they are appoynted and placed so much the more daunger they are in And many notable men of the olde Writers fearing this did compounde many and diuers Medicines that by meanes of them they might not bee hurte by venom or venemous thinges that might be geuen them As for example the Emperour Marco Antonio did vse suche thinges who fearing to be poysoned tooke euery morning a little Triacle and Methridate Sometimes his confection Methridatica other times certayne Leaues of Rue with Nuttes and Figges and so they did vse the like medicines because
they and inward and outward burning that it seemeth to them they are fired It is also necessary to know what venome they tooke for too see the vomite and what they doe cast vp withall to iudge by the colour what Uenome it was and beeyng knowen by this way or by Relation or otherwayes beeyng apparaunt it must bee remedied by his contrary for to estinguish and kill the malice thereof as all the auncient Phisitions haue sufficiently written of as well in generall agaynst all as in particular against euery one of them for that euery one hath his contrary effectes for to remedie the malice thereof The tokens that hee most euill in them that haue taken Uenome be often soundinges and to cast vp the white of their eyes they doe waxe very red and put out their tongue very great and blacke and the pulse faâ—â— colde sweete vniuersally throughout all their body chiefly in the extreeme partes and in their brestes and they are desirous to vomit but cannot and they haue their vnderstanding troubled and this is in al kinde of venom being taken or by bytings of venomous beastes in so much that they talke ydlely as though they had the frensie which is a mortal signe It is needfull for the better knowledge what Uenom it was that it bee seene if there did remayne any thing of that which they had eaten or dronken and to see what was that which was mingled therewith iudging it by the colour the smel and the taste or geuing it to a Dogge a Hen or a Catt and marke howe it woorketh with them For if any of them waxe sadde or heauie it is a token that there is venom and if they dye it is a token that the venom was strong And being knowen to bee venomed the first thing that is to bee procured is that hee which is sicke doe vomit which is the thing that doeth most profit bycause there should be no tyme for the venom to enter by the vaynes and arteires for to come to the hart for if it come thither it is past all mans helpe and therefore it is conuenient that this remedie of Uomite be done with all speede that it may bee expelled before it passe from the Stomake And for to cause Uomite there must bee procured thinges that in very shorte time will prouoke it as to put the fingers in hotte water and the moste common thing is sweete Oyle drinking muche quantitie thereof in suche sorte that they fill theyr Bellies therewith that it may the better bee expelled the which hauing receyued they shall with theyr Fingers or feather prouoke them to vomite which must be done vntill that you perceyue that all that be expelled and cast out which was eaten or drunken which did hurt And if the Oyle bee not sufficient too doe this there may bee madâ— thinges for to cause Uomite beginning by the moste Weake as the seething of Dill the Seede of Radishe of Camamell and other like thinges that doe prouoke Uomite adding to the seetâ—ing if it bee needefull a Dramme of Agarico the which although it doe prouoke vomite strongly it hath also the Propertie to breake the strength of the venome Some for a greate secrete doe geue a Pint of Water of the Flowers of Orenges warme which although it doeth prouoke Uomite it hath also a particular vertue too extinguishe and kill the strength of the Uenome it muste bee geuen hotte the quantitie of a Pynte And heâ—reof it commeth that the Water taken out of the Flowers of Orenges which is a kynde of Cydron hath greate vertue agaynst Uenome as wee haue written in a little Booke which is printed with others of myne in Latine that doeth treate of Orenges It is verie good that with the thing which prouoketh Uomite there bee mingled thinges that haue vertue agaynst venome as Triacle Methridato and other like thinges the which heereafter wee will treate of muâ—t bee geuen the remedies that are too bee done for the Cures and Diseases that the venome is cause of not forgetting the principall cause which is to kill and to destroy the malice that is the cause thereof with the medicines and Remedies that I will speake of heereafter If hee that hath taken venome doe not perceyue nor knowe what manner of venome it was that he tooke nor the Accidentes thereof doe shewe It is to be thought that it was of the venomes which doe theyr woorke of theyr owne propertie which is the woorst of all kynde of venomes then it is conuenient that there bee had more care procuring vomite and that it bee effectually done as it is aforesayde And if any bee discended inâ—o the Guttes let him haue a gentle Glister that in all properties hath a knowne vertue agaynst venome which remedies are called Bezaarticas the which must bee vsed at all times with his meate and drinke procuring the inwarde and outwarde comforting of the principall members and vsing meates of substaunce that may geue great strength taken out by a small presse and in any other sorte that is needefull in the which there muste bee put thinges that haue vâ—rtue agaynst all kynde of venome of the which wee will trâ—ate of heereafter And this muste bee done not onely in them that bee venomed with vnknowne Uenome which woorketh the malice of it owne propertie but in suche as haue taken knowne Uenome which woorketh by qualitie for that the Uenome is a thing that doeth moste of all pull downe and weaken nature making leane verie quickly and ouerthrowing the vertue and strength thereof These medicines which haue this vertue and speciall propertie against these venomes are many some bee simples and other compoundes and bycause there are many of the one and of the other I will speake of them that are most vsed and where is seene greater experieÌ„ce of theÌ„ which are compounded The principal is the triacle that Andromacho wrote of the which if it bee well made is the most principal medicine of as many as euer haue beene compounded agaynst al kinde of venom And although it bee of a true composition yet there lacketh some medicines alwaies to doe that which is possible wee doe see that in this case it doeth maruellous effectes and not onely being taken with some water made for the purpose but also beeing put into prickes or bytings of venomous beastes and lykewise in Apostomes ful of poyson which are made in the tyme of the Plague The Methridate is of very great effect in this case and doeth serue sometymes for triacle That of Cidrons and Emeraldes doe make a meruellous woorke in al venome The earth Sâ—gillata hath a prerogatiue aboue them especially in feuers which haue an euil qualitie The triacle Diathesaron is for the purpose in colde venoms and in bytinges of venomous beastes and in especially in the byting of a beast that is made And so you haue many other compounded medicines that haue vertue and
of Uenomous beastes extinguishing and taking away the grounde and euill qualitie that the venomes doe infuse into the bodies deliuering them from death that shall vse it It is geuen in Pouder and they say that it doth the same effect by chewing of it or holding of it in the Mouth for after it is taken it doeth prouoke sweate and doeth expell the venome and maketh the woorke sure saying that beeyng carried about any person that it touch the flesh and bringing it ouer the left parte it doeth preserue him that shall so carrie it about him that no venome or venomous thing shall offende him for beyng applyed to the bodie it resisteth venom that it may not offende him and them that bee infected therewith it healeth And this it doeth not onely to them that haue taken venome but vnto suche that haue had it put into their Syrope apparrell or letter or other parte that may offende them The same Serapio sayeth that this Stone doeth profite muche agaynst bytinges of beastes that are venemous and in their Prickes takyng the Pouder thereof at the mouth and prouoking sweate it expelleth it from the inner partes it profiteth muche too cast the pouder of this stone in Prickes or in woundes made by these venomous beastes for it destroyeth and taketh away the mallice of the venome and although that the soares beeyng so made by these beastes doe beginne to corrupt it cureth and healeth them and the pouder of this stone beeyng put vppon the venemous beasts doth take away their strength and if it be put in place where they doe wound any although they make a sore yet the malice of the venom doth not take holdâ— And this is seene by experience in the venomous beastes called Adders and Snakes for the pouder beeyng put in place where they doe byte all theyr venemous strength is taken away and nothing doeth remayne but the signe thereof Three graynes of this pouder wee with some licour beyng cast vpon snakes and adders they dye foorthwith Thus muche Serapio sayeth Rasis Simia of Gallen a man amongest the Arabiens moste learned in the booke which hee wrote called Continent saieth thus the Bezaar stone is that which seemeth some what yellowe and soft without any manner of taste the which hee sayeth that he hath experimented two times and hath found in it vertue of great efficacie agaynst Napelo the strongest of all venomes He sayth also that he hath seene in this stone the most maruellous effectes agaynst all venome that euer he saw in any Medicine that was against vâ—nome eyther simple or compounde or any composition made against venome as Triacles or other compositions for that the Bezaar stone is of more efficacie and vertue then any of them The same doeth agree with the bookes he made to the King Almasor saying The euill Uenoms that doe offende the heart and woorke theyr effect O how little profite doeth any cure proue in them if the Bezaar be not taken for that doeth resist it and he sayeth Moreouer I my selfe saw that it did resist the venome called Napelo which is the Uenome that doeth penetrate more then all venoms thus much of Rasis An other Moore very learned and a great Astronomer that wrote of stones figured vnder Signes and Planets and the vertues they haue was called Hamech Benreripho he in his booke that hee wrote of the vertue of Plantes and of stones and of beastes that serue for the vse of Medicine sayeth the Bezaar stone is agaynst all venome and it hath besides this particular propertie taken in pouder agaynst the bytinges of Scorpions and beyng carried about one and grauen vppon he is safe against all the bytinges of venemous beastes An other Moore called Abdala Narache a learned man in medicine sayeth that the Bezaar stone is agaynst all Uenome he saw it as a precious thing in the hands of the King of Cordoua called Miramamolim vnto whom was geuen strong venome and hauing geuen vnto him the Bezâ—ar stone by meanes wherof he was deliuered wholly of the venome foorthwith the King gaue his royall Pallace to him that gaue him the stone which deliuered him from this imminent death and surely it was a greate gift of a king the chiefe Pallace of Cordoua at this day day beyng a thing so notable and of suche great value and the stone was much estemed for that so great a price was geuen for it Auensoar a Phisition of the Moores but a naturall Spaniarde of Penaflore a place lying betweene Cordoua and Seuill gaue vnto one who was very much lamented by reason he had taken very euill Uenom of the Bezaar stone the waight of 3. graines with the water of Goords for that it was hot venom because it did seeme to be so For assoone as he had taken it there did appeare vppon him the Iaundice very yeallow and he was very well deliuered and saued from it Aueroiz a Phisition and a Philosopher very excellent being a Spaniarde and borne in Cordoua saieth that the Bezaar stone is in great estimation and very profitable agaynst all venomous bytinges and especially against the bitinges of Scorpions Haliabas doeth make mention of the Bezaar stone in three places where he treateth of Uenomes but he passeth it ouer lightly onely shewing that it is soft and saith that it must be scoured in water and that the water of it must be geuen to them that are poysoned Rabbi Moises of Egypt but borne in Spayne a most cunning Phisition who followed Gallen in all his woorkes in the booke he made of venomes in the first thing that hee treated of in the thirde Chapter speaking of simple Medicines and the vse of them which are conuenient for the bytinges of Uenomous beastes sayeth the simple Medicines that wee haue amongst vs of most profite and greatest experience which are of many approoued are the seede of the Cidron c. And the other is the Emeralde a maruellous medicine agaynâ—t all venome c. Gallen made mention of the third which is the Bezaar stone that is taken out of a beast the which stone is like to an akorn the colour therof is green and doth ingender by little and little making it selfe grosse for that they finde in it oâ—e skale vpon another some doe say that they are ingendred in the corners of the eyes of certaine sheepe that are in the East partes othere doe say that they are ingendred in the purse of the gall of the sayd sheep which poysoned I caused him to take thereof diuers Morninges the waight of three graynes of the same Bezaar stone with the water of Oxetongue and hee was therewith very wel healed Many Phisitions of late time and in our dayes haue made mention of this Bezaar stone and doe very much extoll the same in theyr bookes with great Prerogatiues against all kinde of venome and agaynst many other diseases which we minde to treate of
effect but with greate difference from all other metalles as Bulcasis sheweth very learnedly being a Phisitiâ—n and a Moore who in particular doth shew the manner which ought to bee had for to prepare the yron and hee sayeth in this manner the fyling of the yron which is most pure must bee taken without other mixture for if it bee mingled with Copper or Lead or Glasse and if it bee giuen so mingled to any person for to drinke it wil kill them you may take the quantity you list of that which is fyled being most pure and let it be wâ—shed and after it is wel washed let it be put into a cleane vessell And let there bee put to it vineger and put it vnder some thing so that it bee well couered let it so remayne thirty dayes or at the 〈◊〉 seâ—en and after that tyme take it foorth and you shall finde that which is filed of the coullour of Uerdegrece the which must be dryâ—d and after it is drye it must be grounde and being well ground you may vse thereof Some there bee that do washe it with fresh water or with vineger and do strayne it through a linnen cloth and then put it vnder a vessell vntil it waxe rotten and after they â—ash it and keepe it That which this Moore doeth say seâ—meth to be of Aueroyes in the fifth of his gathering where he setteth downe the preparation thereof in this forme After the Iron is ground very small let it be put many tymes in to vineger or into Gotes milke when it is cruddye This he would should be the preparation And Christopher de honestis following this in the commentaries which he made vpon Mesue sayeth Let the fyling of the Steele be put into vinegre many dayes for in any other wise the vse of it will not profite although that some do put it into milke of Gotes and some into oyle of sweete Almondes and in this sort they take it The same preparation Clement Clementino doth giue It seemeth a harde thing to beleeue that the Iron or Steele is penetrate and doth waxe soft with any of these things onely the strong vinegre is that which doth penetrate and soften it whereby it may be well grounde for to vse of it And for the more certeintie I will shewe howe I do prepare it I do take of Steele the purest and whitest I can get as also Iron and do cause it to be fyled as small as may be and when it is so fyled I cause it to be washed in water many times vntill the water do come foorth cleare and then I put it into a cleane glassed vessell and do cast to it as much strong white vinegre as may be sufficient to wet thorough the sayde fyling and the vâ—ssell being stopped put iâ—to a close place I do let it stande xx dayes stirryng it well twice euery weeke and putting to it some vineger if it bâ—e needefull and after the twentie dayes when it is well sâ—kened I take it out of that and put it into some other brodeâ— vessell or vppon a table that it may dry in the shadowe and after it is drie I doe grynde it in a morter of metall sifting it twise through a thicke siue of silke and so beeing made into Pouder I put it into a fine earthen paynted pot then with a Pestle I beate it small agayne in suche sort that being taken betweene the fingers it seemeth not too haue anie maner of substance neither is it felt between theÌ„ And if it be not done in this sort they are neuer well grounâ—e for it is a thing that they take most care of so that therby it may worke the effect the better And beyng made into pouder in this sort it ought to be kept in a glassed vessel Some doe wet it with Gumme Dragagaunt and make it in rowles and it liketh mee very well because they be the better conserued and the gumme Dragagant taketh away some parte of their drithe And seeing that I haue made an ende of the preparing of the steele and Iron that it doeth the effect when it is needâ—ful as though it were the steele it selfe let Maister Doctor shewe vnto vs the woorkes and vertues that it doeth D. I doe reioyce very much to heare the good order of the preparation that Maister Burgus hath geuen and set downe to be vsed with these metals And seeyng that I am bound to declare the vertues and medicinal works which they haue I wil speake of it the best that I know as well that which I haue knowen and read as that which experience hath taught me and the vse of so many yeeres These two metalles doe serue in medicine two manner of wayes the one is that of them may be made instrumentes to worke with in causes of Surgery without the which the Surgions cannot worke their works and effectes nor the Barbours without them cannot do their occupations To declare what instrumentes those are which serue for the one and for the other occupations it wil be to tedious The yron and steele doe serue in medicine with great effectes and maruellous workes by curing and healing diuers diseases and so Plinie in his booke of the naturall historie treting of this matter of yron after he wrote great things of it as well in that which doeth profite in the seruice of man as other curious thinges hee treateth of â—he vertâ—es and woorkes which it doeth in medicine shewing first the qualities of it saying The yron hath vertue too drie vp too retayne and too holde fast it is good for suche as doe lacke theyr heare that it may growe beeyng prepared and mingled with some licour prepared and made for the same purpose it taketh away the roughnesse of the cheekes mingled with Uineger and beyng made in an oyntment with oyle of of Myrtiles and waxe it taketh away the blisters of all the vodie the pouder of it mingled with Uineger doeth heale the disease called Saint Anthonies fire as also all maner of skabbes it healeth the little sores between the nayle and the finger the pouders therof being applyed thervnto with a linnen cloath It healeth also the fluxe of women of what sorte soeuer it be beyng put therevnto with wooll or with â—otton wool and also if they be applied therevnto after the mannâ—r of a Tent in the lower partes the pouder beeyng mingled with mirrhe and put to the sores or wounds newe hurte doeth soder them and healeth them and beeyng mingled with Uineger and put vpon the pilâ—s it dissolueth them It is a great remedy for such as are gowtie beeyng applyed with thinges made for the purpose vpoÌ„ the griefe It stenâ—heth the blood of such as are wounded which is for the most part made of Iron It is geuen to be drunke to suche as are diseased of the lungs for it consumeth the disease and healeth him that is sicke it stayeth any manner of fluxe
to such as theyr water doth auoyd from them not feeling it it taketh away the ouermuch Fluxe of the menstrues of women and comforteth lustinesse in man or woman all this is taken out of Auicen Aliabas in the fifth of his Theorica sayeth the water that cooleth the yron doeth detayne the bellie it hardeneth and comforteth the Members if you bathe your selfe with it it doth good too the Paynes and Apostumations of the Lunges Albucasis sayeth that the vse of yron prepared taketh away the naughtie colour of the yellow face that is of the colour of Saffron and the vse thereof doeth make fat and it shoulde be vsed as the sicke man doeth heale who being well and whole doeth waxe fat Well neere all that which I haue sayde Alzananio and Isack do say which I doe leaue to relate because it is shewed already B. Haue there been any late writers that haue sayd any thing touching this matter I thinke there be none that considereth howe that the Auncient Writers haue written muche therevppon D. Yes many and very learned B. it woulde doe well that you woulde so muche pleasure vs as to shewe who they are and what they say seeyng you haue begunne and that they remayne not vnknowen D. I will shewe you for some of them with care and particularly haue written of yron and the vse thereof and of the great vertues which it hath and the like they say of the steele A Phisition which was a Cardinall called Vitalis de Furno treating of yron in a particular Chapter saith the filinges of yron haue vertue to drie vp and to make thin and therefore it openeth and healeth opilations of the lungs it healeth the bloodie Fluxe and anie manner of Fluxe of the Bellie taken in meate or drinke The Iron that is quenched manie tymes in Wyne is good for the stoppinges of the Lunges and Inner partes and the milke is good wherein the Steele hath beene quenched The yron obeyeth nothing but the Diamont for it cannot doe more then yron for it doeth consume it altogeather There is no mettall which doeth receiue so much hurt with the rust as the Iron dooth and much more if it be cankered with the bloode of mankinde and also after you haue made it cleane againe if you annoint it with the marrow of the deere called the hart or with Oyle oliue or with Uineger mingled with Alom This the Cardinall saith MontenÌ„ana in his Counsell a hundreth sixtie one doeth put for a great secrete to kill or quenche fiftie times a peece of steele in strong Uineger and in that Uineger beyng made whot to wet a course Linnen cloth and put it vpon the lungs and inner partes that are stopped many dayes together Michael Sauanarola in the booke he made of Bathes doth say the yron maketh colde and drieth vp whereby it is bynding and therefore it doeth deteyne and the water that killeth or quencheth the yron hath the sayde vertues and all the reft that the yron hath for the water receiueth into it his quatities and vertues as Galen saith that the water receiueth the qualities vertues of the thinges that we put into them or sodde in them and they doe the same woorkes that the said thinges themselues will doe the water which killeth or quencheth the yron or steele doeth deteyne it causeth that the fluxe or runninges doe cease â—nd being put to the ruptures it doeth sodder them together and shutteth them it consumeth the olde matter of the eyes The pouder made of yron doeth loose the swollen eye liddes it taketh away the Rime from the eye and doeth make fast the gummes that are losse When there is a tent made and wet in this pouder prepared and put into the mouth of the Mother it witholdeth anie maner of fluxe of it and the loke it doeth by putting it into the fluxe of bloâ—d that commeth from the Piles This Pouder is good agaynst the Uenome called Acâ—zâ—to The Wine that quencheth yron or the steele doeth profit for the hardnesse of the lungs and the weake stomake and laxatiue any maner of fluxe chiefly if it be cholerike it doeth profit much Such as haue the dropsie and the fluxe of the vryne and such as haue the menstrues ouermuch and such as their water goeth from them without perceiuing thereof and such as their fundament goeth out hetherunto Sauanarola hath sayde Nicholas Florentine prayseth infinitely steele for opilations of the inner partes of the body and lykewise the water of the steele Bartholomew Anglicus greatly prayseth the vse of yron of steele and saieth that they are a more excellent medicine then gold or siluer for the seruice of a man for that by them these twoo metalles that are so greatly esteemed of all men are kept in safetie bycause they do defend and sucker them from such as continually doe persecute them They defende iustice they conserue the commonwealthes by them the euill doers are chastened and the good are conserued and defended in all offices of handycraftes they are necessarie they labour and worke and fieldes with them whereby wee are maintained it hath medicinal vertues more then any other metal for the filing which doeth proceede of it hath vertue to dry vp and to make thin It vndoeth opilations of the lungs it taketh away any maner of flux of stooles although they bee of blood and it profiteth for many other things Al this the English learned man sayth William of Saliceto in the cure of opilations of the lunges doeth commande to take the pouder of steele for to loose opilations and hee taketh it for a great secrete Platerio in the chapter of yron sayeth the yron and the scales of it and his rust the steele euery one of them hath the lyke vertue and propertie taking twoo partes of a drâ—m of the fyling of yron prepared as it is conuenient with hot wyne it healeth the opilations of the liuer and the lungs although they be very olde Mathew Siluatico saith the same that the rust and the scales of the yron haue the same vertue that the steele hath either of them were the lade stone it selfe and al this it doeth by reason of the greate lykenesse and friendshippe which it hath with the yron together in one with the hidden propertie which it hath therfore For this vertue that it hath to drawe vnto it yron either it is for the lykenes it hath or for the propertie and in this stone ought to bee the one and the other The diamond is his enemie insomuch as it is sayde that in his presence it draweth not the yron vnto it Galen speaketh of greater power that the loade stone hath then the yron seing that it draweth the yron to him being of his owne kind and therfore the ancient wryters do giue it the same vertue that they giue to the yron in curing the opilations of the lungs and other
running vnto the inner partes of that which it doeth make colde for the excessiue heate which the saltpeter hath the which is done with the strong force of the saltpeter with the water which the saltpeter beeing entered into the inner partes maketh to bee colde comming from the heate of the saltpeter working vpon the strong force thereof Other say that the water doeth make it selfe grosse with the saltpeter and being made more thicke and grosse it hath more colde vertue the which beeing holpen with the heate of the saltpeter the cold maketh a greater pearâ—ing through the water for al thinges that are cold the more thicke partes that they haue the more they coole And so Galen saith in the bookes of the simple medicines that nothing caÌ„ be very cold which hath subtil thin partes by the which howe more thicke the things are the more force they are of Other there be which say that the saltpeter hath an actual vertue very colde and woorking with the water is made more cold as is seene by the bryne that after the salt is very much stirred in the water it is most cold The selfsame is seene in the water of Allom and of saltpeter This maner of making cold doth cause many diseases it doeth heate the liuer it causeth continuall heate and a hot burning it inflameth the lungs it taketh away the lust of meate and other euilles which woulde be tedious to treate of There are other wayes to make cold which are in riuers and most colde fountaines whereof Galen speaketh of the which it is not needefull to treate of for whereas are most cold waters it is not needful to put them to bee made colde but to vse of them as they are Wee haue shewed howe the water that shoulde be made rayne with the coldnesse of the middle region of the ayre did freese and was made snowe and therfore is little difference from the rayne water and that which commeth foorth of the snowe for both of them are ingendred of one manner of matter sauing that the water which proceedeth of the snowe is somewhat more grosse for the compultion it hath of the coldnes of the ayre in such sort that it is not so euil as they say it is And we see the Scithians doe drinke it continually as Hypocrates sayth We see that of the snowe which doeth melt are made great and mighty riuers of the which the people that inhabit neere to them drinke continually without doing to them any maner of hurt or benumming of them And of these are many in Spaine Almanie and many more in the west Indias where most of the riuers are of snowe which doeth melte from the hilles and mountaynes and al people in general drinke of them for there is no other water in al the Countrie The Romaynes for delight and curiositie dranke the water that came foorth of the snowe the which they strayned through stones to make it more thin Atheneo doeth rehearsâ— certaine verses of Sopita an ancient Poet in the which he saith that in his tyme they dranke snowe and the water which came foorth of the snowe Pericrates Historiographer being a Greeke most famous saith that in his tyme they dranke snow not only in the Cities but in the campes Euticles a man very learned in one of his epistels doeth reprehende those that were in his tyme that they did not content themselues to drinke that which was made cold with snow but that they dranke the snow it selfe Sciates maketh mention of the snowe vsed at tymes conuenient with much care and delite Xenophon in the thinges of memory which hee wrote maketh mention of many people that did not onely drinke snowe but the water therof continually The Romanes did vse it much and so Plinie in the 31. booke of his history saith that Nero was the first that sodde wâ—ters to coole it in Snowe The which Galen in the seuenth of his Methodo doth recite of him saying Nero was the first that sodde the waters and afterwarde cooled them with Snowe for the water being made colde in this sorte receiueth more quickly the colde and more effectually And it is a water more healthfull for by the seething of it is auoyded the earthly partes from the water and it remayneth more subtile and more thin and so it descendeth more speedily from the stomacke Plinie in his naturall historie in the nineteenth booke complayneth of the care that those of his time had in keeping the Snowe of the Winter for the hote weather in Summer saying that they did ouerthrow the mountaines by keeping the snowe from warme weather making it to peruert the order of nature that in the monthes which are most whot in the which there is nothing but heate drithe that the curiositie of the people is so much that at that time there is such aboundance of snowe as in the monthes in the which there doeth naturally fal vpon the grounde great quaÌ„tity thereof This Plinie saieth for in his tyme and after it was a common thing to keepe the snow of the winter for the summer Heliogabalo Emperour had made a great caue in a litle mountayne from a garden of his owne where hee gathered in the winter very greate quantitie of snowe bringing it from the mountaynes that were neerest to Rome whereof they vsed in tyme of heate in their bankettes Chares Militineus in the history that hee wryteth of King Alexander sayeth that in the Citie of Petra a most populous Citie in Asia there was ordinarily thirty caues that in the winter tyme were filled with Snowe for the whot weather for the seruice of Alexander such as were retayners to him At this day it is done not onely in Asia but also in many partes of Africa and in all Europe chiefly in all the Countries which are vnder the dominions of the greate Turke and especially in Constantinople where the snowe is so much vsed that all the yeere it is solde in publike market and they vse of it al the yeere The selfe same is done at this day in all the states of Almanie and of Flaunders Hungary and Bohemia and other places where they keepe the Snowe in houses and bawâ—es in the Winter for to make their drinke colde therewith in the summer They carry from Flaunders to Paris the water that is frosen which is more then three score leages distance Lykewyse in our country of Castile it is kept in houses and they gather it in the winter and when winter is past they conserue it for the whote weather And there are many Lordes and great men which haue in the mountaynes particular houses where they commande that it bee put in the winter for this effect and many of them doe vse it and doe make colde therewith as well in the winter as in the summer as there are chiefly in Castile in the tyme of winter waters that