twelve_o excellency_n of_o china_n in_o regard_n it_o contain_v a_o far_o great_a number_n as_o they_o that_o read_v the_o whole_a will_n easy_o find_v beside_o that_o the_o division_n which_o he_o have_v make_v be_v not_o proportionable_a to_o the_o matter_n there_o be_v some_o of_o those_o excellency_n which_o do_v not_o take_v up_o a_o page_n or_o two_o and_o other_o that_o fill_v up_o above_o thirty_o or_o forty_o so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o more_o proper_a to_o divide_v the_o relation_n into_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n and_o to_o give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v in_o other_o thing_n i_o have_v not_o swerve_v at_o all_o from_o the_o method_n and_o sense_n of_o my_o author_n neither_o have_v i_o make_v the_o least_o alteration_n only_o that_o i_o may_v conform_v to_o the_o style_n and_o genius_n of_o our_o language_n i_o have_v not_o tie_v myself_o so_o strict_o and_o literal_o to_o his_o expression_n and_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o this_o relation_n have_v never_o appear_v in_o any_o other_o language_n nor_o be_v ever_o print_v before_o and_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v altogether_o new._n i_o also_o observe_v in_o read_v that_o there_o be_v several_a thing_n which_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v sufficient_o explain_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o have_v not_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o china_n and_o that_o the_o description_n of_o pe_n kim_v and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n may_v seem_v obscure_a to_o many_o people_n i_o have_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o remedy_v the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n by_o note_n in_o italic_a which_o i_o have_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n because_o i_o will_v not_o crowd_v the_o margin_n nor_o interrupt_v the_o text_n but_o preserve_v the_o original_a in_o its_o purity_n and_o credit_n and_o leave_v the_o reader_n at_o liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o let_v they_o alone_o for_o remedy_n of_o the_o second_o inconvenience_n i_o have_v make_v a_o draught_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o palace_n collect_v together_o with_o great_a care_n what_o the_o author_n have_v speak_v dispersedly_z in_o several_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n mounsieur_fw-fr peyronett_n a_o ingenier_n of_o good_a repute_n draw_v out_o the_o draught_n at_o my_o request_n fair_a upon_o paper_n to_o which_o i_o add_v the_o explanation_n of_o every_o thing_n with_o letter_n which_o relate_v to_o other_o that_o be_v engrave_v upon_o the_o plane_n and_o further_o to_o satisfy_v entire_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o give_v more_o reputation_n to_o the_o book_n i_o have_v add_v the_o life_n of_o father_n magaillans_n who_o be_v the_o author_n which_o i_o be_v the_o rather_o incline_v to_o do_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v but_o very_o short_a and_o modest_o write_v it_o be_v write_v by_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n a_o cicilian_a and_o father_n magaillan_n inseparable_a companion_n from_o the_o year_n 1640_o to_o the_o year_n 1677_o that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o near_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o seven_o year_n together_o father_n buglio_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1682_o in_o great_a reputation_n for_o his_o virtue_n and_o learning_n so_o that_o the_o care_n which_o he_o have_v take_v to_o write_v the_o life_n of_o our_o author_n be_v a_o double_a approbation_n of_o his_o work._n i_o must_v here_o take_v notice_n by_o the_o way_n that_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o portuguese_n orthography_n in_o spell_a the_o name_n of_o our_o author_n for_o the_o portuguese_n write_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n magalhanes_n but_o in_o regard_n few_o people_n in_o france_n can_v so_o pronounce_v it_o i_o alter_v it_o into_o magaillans_n which_o the_o french_a pronounce_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o portuguese_n pronunciation_n of_o magalhanes_n this_o father_n be_v of_o the_o same_o family_n of_o the_o famous_a ferdinand_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n who_o be_v call_v by_o the_o corruption_n of_o language_n magellan_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o discover_v the_o magellanick_n strait_o in_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o southern_a america_n i_o have_v also_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n or_o mandarim_n which_o the_o portuguese_n make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n cochinchina_n tum_o kim_v and_o china_n as_o well_o for_o that_o all_o the_o other_o relation_n make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o word_n well_o know_v in_o france_n ever_o since_o the_o come_n thither_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o siam_n the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o mandar_fw-la to_o command_v and_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n this_o remark_n oblige_v i_o to_o add_v another_o upon_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o chinese_n word_n and_o letter_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n how_o to_o pronounce_v they_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chinese_n their_o word_n be_v all_o monosyllable_n or_o else_o of_o one_o syllable_n without_o exception_n and_o so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o once_o and_o without_o any_o distinction_n of_o syllable_n of_o what_o number_n of_o consonant_n and_o vowel_n soever_o they_o be_v compose_v for_o example_n kiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o china_n must_v be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o a_o time_n and_o not_o as_o if_o it_o be_v two_o syllable_n kiam_a in_o like_a manner_n the_o word_n lve_v hve_v do_v not_o make_v two_o syllable_n li-ven_a nor_o three_o liuen_a but_o only_o one_o syllable_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v by_o pronounce_v they_o all_o as_o one_o syllable_n yet_o so_o as_o to_o express_v the_o sound_n of_o all_o the_o letter_n not_o but_o that_o the_o chineses_n have_v word_n compose_v of_o several_a syllable_n but_o these_o syllable_n be_v always_o separate_v and_o from_o different_a word_n as_o tai_n yven_v the_o name_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la the_o name_n of_o a_o tyrant_n mention_v in_o the_o relation_n thus_o we_o write_v in_o france_n st._n malo_n haure_n the_o grace_n by_o separate_a word_n and_o not_o in_o one_o word_n as_o villeneuf_n montroyal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o st._n malo_n be_v form_v of_o two_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n and_o haure_n the_o grace_n of_o three_o word_n and_o five_o syllable_n whereas_o the_o chinese_n name_n have_v never_o more_o syllable_n than_o word_n thus_o tai_n yven_v be_v compose_v of_o two_o word_n and_o two_o syllable_n and_o cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la of_o three_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n only_o as_o for_o their_o letter_n though_o there_o be_v as_o many_o chinese_n letter_n as_o there_o be_v chinese_n word_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v express_v by_o mean_n of_o our_o european_a letter_n add_v necessary_a accent_n to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o speak_v as_o be_v explain_v in_o this_o relation_n which_o be_v premise_v you_o shall_v see_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o chineses_n pronounce_v a_o they_o have_v a_o sound_n in_o their_o language_n which_o answer_v to_o our_o a_o as_o in_o the_o word_n nan_n kim_n b_o they_o have_v no_o sound_n that_o answer_v b_o but_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o they_o make_v use_v of_o p_o thus_o instead_o of_o cambalu_n they_o say_v ham_n pa_n lu_o c_o before_o a_o o_o or_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o ca_o co_n cu_z but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o it_o must_v be_v pronounce_v tze_n tzi_n and_o not_o ce_fw-fr ci._n ch_z must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o tcha_n tche_n tchi_n tcho_n tchu_n d_o be_v not_o pronounce_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n but_o only_a t_o which_o be_v near_a to_o it_o e_z and_o f_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o france_n g_o before_z a_o o_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v nga_n ngo_n ngu_n as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o n_o before_o the_o g._n but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o as_o we_o pronounce_v ge_n give_v h_n must_v be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o strong_a aspiration_n of_o the_o throat_n like_o the_o welsh_a ll._n ay_o k_o and_o l_o as_o we_o do_v m_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n must_v be_v pronounce_v open_a and_o soft_o without_o make_v any_o stop_n by_o close_v the_o lip_n otherwise_o they_o pronounce_v it_o as_o we_o do_v n_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v hard_o put_v a_o stress_n upon_o it_o as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n lumen_fw-la otherwise_o as_o we_o do_v p_o as_o in_o france_n q_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n unless_o when_o a_o u_o follow_v and_o then_o it_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n quam_fw-la r_o be_v never_o pronounce_v by_o the_o chinese_n s_o as_o we_o do_v t_o
and_o upon_o several_a other_o subject_n father_n manuel_n dias_n the_o young_a translate_v all_o the_o gospel_n with_o the_o commentary_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o father_n which_o make_v a_o work_n no_o less_o large_a then_o pious_a and_o learned_a father_n francis_n furtado_n publish_v a_o treatise_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o logic_n with_o certain_a other_o book_n de_fw-mi coelo_fw-la and_o de_fw-la mundo_fw-la as_o also_o of_o the_o soul_n of_o man._n the_o father_n john_n terencio_n john_n roose_n and_o john_n adam_n have_v write_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o book_n upon_o our_o holy_a law_n and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n father_n lewis_n buglio_n who_o be_v always_o my_o chief_a consolation_n and_o inseparable_a companion_n in_o all_o my_o travel_n affliction_n and_o imprisonment_n for_o thirty_o year_n together_o translate_v the_o first_o part_n of_o st._n thomas_n which_o the_o more_o learned_a chineses_n esteem_n and_o admire_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o i_o hear_v one_o of_o they_o who_o have_v read_v the_o treatise_n of_o god_n declare_v his_o thought_n in_o these_o word_n certain_o this_o book_n be_v a_o mirror_n wherein_o to_o let_v we_o see_v our_o own_o ignorance_n the_o same_o father_n buglio_n write_v several_a other_o piece_n upon_o several_a other_o subject_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o eloquent_a and_o learned_a apology_n in_o answer_n to_o a_o book_n which_o yam_n quam_fw-la siem_fw-la that_o wicked_a infidel_n publish_v both_o in_o this_o court_n and_o over_o the_o whole_a empire_n against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o it_o and_o which_o he_o entitle_v pu_o te_fw-mi y_fw-fr because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o whereupon_o the_o father_n that_o he_o may_v conform_v himself_o to_o the_o style_n and_o language_n of_o the_o country_n entitle_v his_o answer_n i_o have_v answer_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v both_o title_n be_v very_o significant_a in_o the_o chinese_n language_n but_o the_o father_n be_v more_o high_o esteem_v because_o it_o carry_v two_o signification_n the_o first_o i_o refute_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v the_o second_o i_o have_v refute_v a_o book_n entitle_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v and_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o the_o father_n compose_v the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o book_n in_o the_o boat_n upon_o the_o road_n and_o in_o the_o inn_n under_o the_o power_n of_o rebel_n and_o barbarian_n in_o prison_n with_o three_o chain_n upon_o his_o leg_n three_o about_o his_o neck_n and_o six_o upon_o his_o hand_n and_o in_o a_o word_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o continual_a persecution_n i_o can_v say_v much_o more_o in_o praise_n of_o that_o person_n true_o pious_a and_o oâ—…_n great_a reputation_n do_v i_o not_o fear_v that_o the_o shâ—…e_n which_o i_o have_v in_o his_o suffering_n and_o the_o strict_a friendship_n that_o be_v between_o we_o will_v render_v i_o suspect_v of_o too_o much_o partiality_n father_n ferdinand_n verâ—…stâ—…t_v â—…t_z the_o same_o time_n write_v a_o learned_a answer_n to_o 〈◊〉_d or_o rather_o a_o satyr_n full_a of_o mistake_v aâ—…d_v dolâ—…â—…norance_n which_o the_o same_o yam_n quam_fw-la siem_fw-la write_v against_o the_o european_a mathematics_n father_n anthony_n gouvea_fw-mi compose_v a_o catechism_n father_n john_n monteiro_n write_v two_o book_n the_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o other_o of_o true_a adoration_n father_n francis_n sambiesi_n write_v four_o treatise_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o moral_n of_o paint_v and_o sound_v all_o very_a short_a and_o high_o esteem_v i_o myself_o write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o christ_n and_o another_o of_o the_o universal_a resurrection_n nicholas_n trigaut_n lazaro_n cataneo_fw-la gaspar_n ferreira_n and_o alvero_n semedo_n all_o father_n of_o the_o society_n have_v compose_v dictionary_n very_o large_a and_o very_a exact_a and_o gaspar_n ferreira_n have_v write_v above_o twenty_o treatise_n upon_o several_a subject_n father_n soeiro_n make_v a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n and_o father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n who_o die_v but_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o in_o this_o court_n fourscore_o and_o sixteen_o year_n old_a have_v write_v several_a godly_a treatise_n beside_o a_o treatise_n of_o earthquakes_a high_o esteem_v by_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o empire_n in_o short_a there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o book_n write_v concern_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o of_o all_o science_n and_o subject_n which_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o above_o five_o hundred_o tome_n print_v beside_o manuscript_n there_o be_v print_v in_o china_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o father_n that_o ever_o travel_a into_o the_o country_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n wherein_o be_v also_o the_o name_n set_v of_o all_o the_o book_n which_o they_o have_v write_v from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o so_o many_o book_n can_v never_o have_v be_v translate_v and_o write_v in_o a_o foreign_a language_n and_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n have_v not_o the_o language_n be_v very_o easy_a so_o that_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v more_o easy_a to_o learn_v then_o any_o other_o and_o that_o it_o be_v withal_o very_o elegant_a very_o copious_a and_o very_o expressive_a since_o it_o want_v for_o no_o term_n to_o explain_v and_o unfold_v the_o subtlety_n and_o mystery_n of_o theology_n philosophy_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o science_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o first_o paragraph_n of_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o commentary_n which_o i_o make_v upon_o the_o work_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la with_o which_o our_o father_n always_o begin_v when_o they_o first_o set_v themselves_o to_o study_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o short_a sample_n the_o beauty_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v the_o better_o display_v they_o read_v the_o letter_n beginning_n from_o the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a but_o that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o europe_n i_o have_v place_v the_o first_o column_n upon_o the_o left-hand_a to_o explain_v they_o you_o must_v put_v they_o together_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o cipher_n the_o mark_n or_o zero_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o letter_n be_v the_o point_n and_o accent_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o order_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o text_n be_v take_v from_o two_o chinese_n commentator_n of_o which_o the_o one_o who_o live_v about_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o be_v call_v chun_n hi_o and_o the_o other_o who_o be_v a_o colao_n be_v name_v chamm_n kiù_fw-fr chim_z who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1610_o at_o what_o time_n matthew_n riccio_n arrive_v at_o this_o court_n of_o who_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o great_a man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o consist_v in_o the_o second_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3_o teach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o to_o renew_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3_o the_o people_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o the_o rule_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o consist_v in_o the_o 3d_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 5_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 5_o to_o stop_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6_o to_o enlighten_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6_o at_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o reasonable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o the_o sovereign_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 8_o good_n the_o commentary_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o text._n the_o method_n for_o great_a man_n to_o learn_v consistâ—…_n in_o three_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v to_o unfold_v the_o rational_a nature_n the_o second_o be_v to_o reform_v mankind_n and_o the_o three_o to_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n as_o to_o the_o first_o the_o rational_a nature_n be_v the_o heart_n of_o man_n for_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o distinct_a on_o between_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o will_n but_o attribute_n to_o the_o heart_n what_o ever_o we_o attribute_v to_o those_o faculty_n the_o heart_n be_v a_o substance_n pure_a and_o intelligent_a without_o any_o darkness_n or_o obscurity_n and_o where_o man_n have_v always_o ready_a all_o requisite_a reason_n to_o answer_v to_o all_o difficulty_n that_o present_v themselves_o but_o because_o that_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n of_o our_o birth_n this_o intelligent_a and_o rational_a nature_n be_v cage_a up_o and_o enclose_v within_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o body_n and_o for_o that_o our_o inordinate_a
a_o stranger_n can_v not_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o language_n but_o hear_v the_o tartar_n so_o often_o call_v the_o southern_a chineses_n mangi_n believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n and_o not_o a_o name_n of_o reproach_n however_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o far_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o name_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n be_v quite_o different_a and_o do_v not_o both_o of_o they_o signify_v china_n i_o shall_v here_o translate_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o forty_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n by_o which_o it_o will_v evident_o appear_v that_o what_o i_o affirm_v be_v a_o constant_a and_o assure_a truth_n for_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o the_o great_a river_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o stream_n the_o chineses_n call_v â—…_n âm_fw-la eu_fw-fr kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o go_v on_o in_o this_o manner_n cainguiâ—…s_v â—…s_z a_o small_a city_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o river_n upon_o the_o southside_n where_o they_o gather_v ever_o year_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rice_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o cambalu_n to_o supply_v the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a cam._n these_o provision_n be_v transport_v to_o catai_n by_o water_n over_o river_n and_o lake_n and_o one_o large_a and_o deep_a canal_n which_o the_o great_a cam_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o passage_n of_o vessel_n from_o one_o river_n to_o another_o and_o to_o go_v from_o the_o province_n of_o mangi_n to_o cambalu_n without_o go_v by_o sea._n this_o be_v a_o work_n of_o wonder_n for_o its_o situation_n and_o its_o length_n but_o more_o for_o the_o benefit_n which_o the_o city_n receive_v from_o it_o the_o great_a cham_n also_o cause_v to_o be_v raise_v all_o along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o say_a river_n and_o canal_n very_o strong_a and_o spacious_a dam_n for_o traveller_n to_o walk_v upon_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o m._n paulus_n and_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o this_o great_a work_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n but_o as_o for_o caingui_n mention_v by_o that_o author_n to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v neither_o a_o town_n nor_o a_o city_n the_o chineses_n call_v it_o chim_z kiam_fw-la keu_n that_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o river_n in_o regard_n that_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n separate_v in_o that_o place_n and_o after_o it_o have_v run_v through_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_n cross_v the_o country_n of_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la as_o far_a as_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o it_o call_v ham_n cheu_n on_o both_o the_o side_n of_o this_o mouth_n there_o be_v one_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o place_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v mâ_fw-la teû_fw-fr that_o be_v a_o place_n frequent_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o trade_n because_o the_o bark_n there_o meet_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n to_o ride_v secure_a in_o the_o night_n time_n now_o this_o place_n of_o which_o marcus_n paulus_n speak_v may_v well_o be_v call_v a_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a number_n of_o vessel_n that_o resort_v thither_o though_o it_o be_v neither_o wall_v nor_o have_v building_n enough_o to_o form_v a_o city_n now_o though_o this_o be_v perfect_o know_v by_o all_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v as_o missionary_n into_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v make_v this_o matter_n yet_o more_o evident_a to_o unfold_v some_o other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o author_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o name_n of_o so_o many_o city_n of_o which_o he_o make_v mention_n in_o his_o history_n in_o the_o twenty_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o tainfu_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v tai_n yven_v fu_n and_o which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v the_o capitol_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la in_o the_o 28_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o another_o city_n of_o the_o same_o province_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n pim_n yam_fw-la fu_fw-la and_o which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n as_o be_v the_o most_o rich_a and_o potent_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n except_o that_o of_o sucheu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nankin_n in_o the_o 56th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o coiganzù_n which_o be_v call_v hoaì_n gââ—…_n fû_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o very_o rich_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v there_o make_v as_o in_o the_o territory_n round_o about_o and_o which_o be_v thence_o transport_v into_o several_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o m._n paulus_n observe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n in_o the_o 65th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o chian_a gian_n fu_o which_o be_v call_v chim_z kiam_fw-la fu_fw-la in_o his_o seventi_v chapter_n he_o describe_v the_o city_n of_o tâ—…pinxu_fw-la otherwise_o tai_n 〈◊〉_d fu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o namkim_n in_o the_o 75th_o he_o mention_n the_o city_n of_o fogiu_n otherwise_o foe_n cheu_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o foyes_n kien_n in_o the_o 76th_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o quelinfu_n which_o be_v call_v kien_fw-mi nim_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o also_o report_v that_o about_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o lion_n and_o that_o he_o repeat_v several_a time_n in_o other_o place_n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o be_v misinform_v in_o most_o thing_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o chinese_n never_o see_v a_o lion_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o picture_n and_o therefore_o they_o paint_v a_o lion_n quite_o another_o creature_n than_o he_o be_v for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o m._n paulus_n be_v mistake_v in_o believe_v those_o great_a and_o furious_a tiger_n which_o be_v so_o common_a in_o that_o empire_n to_o be_v lion_n and_o he_o confirm_v i_o in_o this_o persuasion_n by_o say_v in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n that_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi have_v lion_n train_v up_o to_o hunt_v the_o other_o wild_a beast_n and_o that_o they_o be_v mark_v with_o white_a black_a and_o red_a list_n or_o streak_n and_o be_v large_a than_o the_o lion_n of_o babylon_n all_o which_o perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tiger_n or_o leopard_n which_o several_a of_o the_o prince_n of_o asia_n make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o châ—…ces_n but_o not_o at_o all_o with_o the_o description_n of_o lion_n the_o same_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o several_a other_o city_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v so_o change_v that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v chinesie_n that_o they_o have_v no_o resemblance_n to_o the_o language_n nevertheless_o we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o province_n and_o city_n which_o he_o place_n in_o catai_n and_o mangi_n belong_v all_o to_o china_n because_o they_o general_o end_v with_o the_o syllable_n fu_fw-fr which_o in_o the_o chinesie_n language_n signify_v a_o city_n for_o example_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canton_n be_v quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la fu_fw-la quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a name_n that_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o fu_n signify_v a_o city_n as_o polis_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o so_o constantinopolis_n signify_v the_o city_n of_o constantine_n and_o adrianopolis_n the_o city_n of_o adrian_n we_o draw_v the_o second_o proof_n of_o the_o description_n which_o m._n paulus_n make_v in_o the_o sixteen_o and_o seven_o teenth_n chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o that_o he_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o what_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n and_o to_o what_o we_o shall_v describe_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o relation_n the_o third_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o wine_n which_o be_v drink_v in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o stone-coal_n which_o they_o burn_v there_o and_o be_v call_v muy_fw-es this_o coal_n be_v bring_v from_o certain_a mountain_n two_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n that_o the_o mine_n have_v never_o fail_v notwithstanding_o that_o for_o above_o these_o four_o thousand_o year_n not_o only_o this_o city_n so_o large_a and_o populous_a but_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n have_v consume_v such_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o family_n though_o never_o so_o poor_a which_o have_v not_o a_o stove_n heat_v with_o this_o coal_n that_o last_v and_o preserve_v a_o heat_n much_o more_o violent_a than_o charcoal_n these_o stove_n be_v make_v of_o brick_n like_o a_o bed_n or_o couch_n three_o or_o four_o hand_n breadth_n high_a and_o broad_a or_o
restrain_v some_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o duty_n than_o the_o tartar_n enlarge_v their_o offer_n but_o then_o such_o be_v the_o eager_a desire_n of_o those_o perfidious_a officer_n to_o heap_v up_o wealth_n that_o at_o length_n they_o surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o small_a number_n of_o half_a barbarian_n the_o rich_a and_o most_o populous_a kingdom_n in_o the_o world._n in_o the_o same_o book_n you_o see_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n that_o keep_v guard_n upon_o the_o frontier_n to_o the_o number_n of_o nine_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o four_o the_o auxiliary_a force_n that_o lie_v ready_a to_o march_v to_o their_o assistance_n when_o the_o tartar_n be_v upon_o enter_v into_o china_n be_v innumerable_a there_o be_v nine_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nine_o thousand_o a_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o horse_n appoint_v for_o those_o force_n the_o emperor_n expense_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n amount_v every_o year_n to_o five_o million_o thirty_o four_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o liver_n be_v these_o book_n print_v and_o their_o map_n engrave_v with_o that_o skill_n and_o exactness_n as_o map_n be_v do_v in_o europe_n they_o will_v be_v the_o admiration_n of_o all_o curious_a person_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o some_o one_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o give_v we_o a_o lively_a representation_n of_o the_o wall_n fortress_n and_o other_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o empire_n now_o by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n appoint_v to_o guard_n the_o wall_n and_o frontier_n against_o the_o tartar_n a_o easy_a judgement_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o province_n in_o the_o city_n town_n and_o other_o wall_a place_n of_o the_o province_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o that_o have_v not_o a_o garrison_n they_o amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o man_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n guard_n and_o attend_v in_o the_o day_n time_n upon_o the_o mandarin_n ambassador_n and_o other_o person_n who_o expense_n the_o king_n defray_v and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n keep_v guard_n about_o their_o bark_n or_o their_o lodging_n the_o horse_n also_o which_o the_o king_n keep_v as_o well_o for_o the_o service_n of_o his_o troop_n as_o for_o his_o post_n and_o messenger_n amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o thousand_o and_o nine_o hundred_o but_o when_o there_o happen_v any_o revolt_n or_o any_o war_n the_o army_n which_o rendezvous_n from_o all_o the_o province_n be_v almost_o innumerable_a and_o now_o because_o my_o time_n be_v short_a and_o my_o occasion_n oblige_v i_o to_o brevity_n i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o the_o principal_a wonder_n of_o this_o empire_n of_o which_o the_o author_n before_o mention_v give_v a_o large_a account_n there_o be_v in_o the_o fifteen_o province_n three_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o one_o famous_a bridge_n not_o much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o to_o those_o which_o be_v describe_v by_o father_n martini_n and_o m._n polo_n in_o their_o description_n of_o china_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o upon_o this_o subject_a see_v that_o if_o i_o be_v to_o describe_v every_o structure_n in_o particular_a that_o be_v considerable_a it_o will_v require_v the_o labour_n of_o several_a volume_n there_o be_v also_o in_o china_n two_o thousand_o fourscore_o and_o nineteen_o mountain_n famous_a â—…her_n for_o be_v cut_v into_o the_o shape_n of_o monstrous_a idol_n as_o be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o my_o travel_n from_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la nân_n or_o nankim_v to_o that_o of_o su_n chuen_n and_o which_o i_o send_v into_o europe_n in_o the_o year_n 1643._o or_o for_o their_o fountain_n their_o particular_a plant_n and_o their_o mineral_n of_o great_a virtue_n or_o for_o their_o extraordinary_a strength_n and_o other_o prerogative_n which_o distinguish_v they_o from_o other_o their_o famous_a water_n such_o as_o be_v their_o lake_n full_a of_o fish_n their_o hot_a fountain_n no_o less_o medicinal_a than_o wonderful_a the_o large_a stream_n and_o navigable_a river_n be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o seventy_o and_o two._n there_o be_v one_o thousand_o fourscore_o and_o nineteen_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n to_o be_v see_v as_o statue_n famous_a painting_n and_o vessel_n of_o high_a price_n and_o great_o esteem_v one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o fifty_o nine_o tower_n triumphal_a arch_n and_o other_o such_o like_a magnificent_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n erect_v in_o honour_n of_o renown_a prince_n man_n famous_a for_o their_o valour_n or_o their_o learning_n or_o of_o widow_n and_o virgin_n renown_v for_o their_o chastity_n and_o virtue_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o library_n embellish_v with_o sundry_a ornament_n store_v with_o great_a number_n of_o book_n and_o build_v at_o vast_a expense_n there_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v see_v seven_o hundred_o and_o nine_o temple_n erect_v by_o the_o chinese_n at_o several_a time_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o considerable_a for_o their_o largeness_n and_o the_o beauty_n of_o their_o architecture_n for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o chineses_n to_o testify_v a_o extraordinary_a affection_n and_o obedience_n to_o their_o parent_n especial_o after_o their_o death_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v this_o manifest_a to_o the_o world_n they_o cause_v to_o be_v build_v at_o great_a expense_n most_o stately_a hall_n wherein_o instead_o of_o image_n and_o statue_n they_o set_v up_o in_o cartredge_n the_o name_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o parent_n also_o upon_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o year_n appoint_v by_o the_o family_n to_o which_o the_o temple_n belong_v they_o assemble_v all_o together_o in_o these_o hall_n where_o they_o prostrate_v themselves_o upon_o the_o ground_n in_o token_n of_o love_n and_o veneration_n which_o do_v they_o offer_v incense_n and_o afterward_o make_v a_o spendid_a feast_n at_o several_a table_n rich_o set_v forth_o and_o adorn_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a decency_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o dish_n and_o viand_n well_o dress_v they_o reckon_v about_o four_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o temple_n of_o idol_n very_o famous_a and_o much_o frequent_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o riches_n their_o magnisicence_n and_o the_o pretend_a miracle_n and_o fable_n which_o they_o report_v concern_v their_o idol_n in_o these_o temple_n and_o in_o other_o of_o which_o the_o number_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v incredible_a no_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o &_o thousand_o bonze_n have_v their_o habitation_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v not_o conceive_v there_o shall_v be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n and_o therefore_o i_o put_v the_o question_n to_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o tribune_n of_o ceremony_n who_o be_v one_o of_o my_o friend_n whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o no_o â—…_n for_o that_o the_o bonze_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o tribunal_n and_o receive_v their_o licence_n from_o it_o which_o they_o call_v tutie_z this_o mandarin_n upon_o a_o diligent_a search_n inform_v i_o that_o within_o the_o city_n and_o court_n of_o pekim_n only_o there_o be_v six_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o eight_o bonze_n unmarried_a call_v by_o they_o ho_o xám_n and_o five_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o two_o marry_v and_o which_o like_o the_o former_a have_v also_o their_o passport_n and_o licence_n by_o which_o say_v he_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o number_n disperse_v over_o the_o whole_a empire_n beside_o that_o you_o be_v far_o to_o observe_v that_o within_o the_o number_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o mention_v by_o the_o chinese_n historian_n be_v only_o comprehend_v the_o bonze_n which_o have_v licence_n but_o in_o regard_n that_o among_o six_o or_o seven_o bonze_v not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o general_o have_v licence_n shall_v they_o all_o be_v reckon_v into_o the_o number_n they_o will_v certain_o amount_v to_o above_o a_o million_o there_o be_v moreover_o six_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o five_o mausoleum_n famous_a for_o their_o architecture_n and_o their_o riches_n for_o in_o china_n all_o person_n be_v prohibit_v under_o great_a penalty_n to_o bury_v their_o dead_a within_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o city_n or_o of_o any_o other_o place_n whatever_o so_o that_o after_o they_o have_v put_v the_o corpse_n in_o the_o cousin_n all_o the_o chincks_n and_o jointure_n of_o which_o be_v stop_v up_o with_o bitumen_n to_o prevent_v the_o scent_n of_o the_o dead_a body_n they_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o house_n where_o they_o die_v for_o some_o month_n and_o many_o time_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o the_o magistrate_n in_o all_o that_o
lord_n and_o master_n the_o friend_n and_o favourite_n of_o sun_n co_z vanâ—…_n advise_v he_o to_o put_v the_o fugitive_n emperor_n to_o death_n and_o to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o have_v be_v confer_v upon_o he_o but_o he_o absolute_o refuse_v so_o unworthy_a a_o action_n and_o more_o than_o that_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o acknowledge_v yum_n liè_fw-fr who_o birth_n have_v give_v he_o a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o short_a he_o acknowledge_v the_o fugitive_n emperor_n and_o all_o his_o officer_n and_o soldier_n follow_v his_o example_n his_o force_n be_v very_o numerous_a and_o well_o discipline_v and_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n that_o so_o brave_a a_o captain_n will_v have_v resettled_a the_o affair_n of_o china_n and_o drive_v out_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o vice_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o take_v no_o care_n of_o his_o own_o affair_n as_o be_v whole_o addict_v to_o wine_n and_o woman_n prevent_v the_o success_n for_o this_o bad_a management_n of_o himself_o bring_v yum_n liè_fw-fr inâ—…o_fw-la contempt_n among_o his_o subject_n and_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la repent_v perhaps_o that_o he_o have_v resign_v the_o empire_n to_o he_o leave_v he_o only_o the_o name_n of_o emperor_n with_o whaâ—…_n be_v requisite_a for_o his_o own_o and_o the_o subsistence_n of_o his_o family_n however_o this_o harsh_a usage_n of_o the_o emperor_n displease_v several_a of_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o army_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o call_v lì_n â—…im_a qué_n before_o the_o best_a friend_n that_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la have_v and_o his_o brother_n by_o adoption_n as_o be_v both_o adopt_a by_o the_o tyrant_n cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la thereupon_o the_o quarrel_n between_o these_o two_o great_a person_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o break_v friendship_n part_v their_o force_n and_o fight_v one_o against_o the_o other_o till_o at_o last_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o combat_n sun_n co_z vam_n soldier_n desert_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o he_o have_v much_o ado_n to_o escape_v by_o flight_n with_o only_o three_o hundred_o man_n that_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o upon_o which_o despair_v ever_o to_o resettle_v the_o affair_n of_o china_n he_o surrender_v himself_o to_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v his_o virtue_n in_o high_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n advance_v he_o lade_v with_o honour_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o petty_a king._n some_o time_n after_o yum_n liè_fw-fr bereave_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o so_o great_a a_o captain_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n by_o the_o tartar_n deprive_v both_o of_o his_o empire_n and_o his_o life_n the_o prowess_n of_o li_n tim_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o withstand_v their_o power_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o elder_a son_n the_o wife_n and_o mother_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n have_v be_v baptise_a in_o the_o year_n 1648._o by_o father_n andrew_n kassler_n a_o jesuit_n the_o son_n be_v name_v constantine_n thus_o much_o i_o take_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o father_n rouge-mount_n c._n p._n 43._o in_o the_o same_o book_n you_o may_v see_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n that_o keep_v guard_n upon_o the_o frontier_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v some_o difference_n among_o author_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o china_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v very_o extraordinary_a father_n trigaut_n assert_n that_o there_o be_v above_o a_o million_o father_n martini_n near_o a_o million_o and_o by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n semedo_n father_n john_n rodriquez_n who_o be_v a_o person_n very_o curious_a and_o one_o that_o have_v travel_v much_o in_o china_n assure_v he_o that_o by_o what_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o chinese_n book_n that_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o several_a province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o fourteen_o and_o six_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o to_o guard_n the_o great_a wall_n against_o the_o tartar_n not_o include_v the_o soldier_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o fleet_n but_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o give_v credit_n to_o ihe_v relation_n of_o father_n magaillans_n a_o more_o modern_a writer_n and_o who_o take_v what_o he_o assert_v out_o of_o a_o book_n present_v to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o however_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o these_o soldier_n be_v not_o like_a to_o we_o in_o europe_n neither_o for_o courage_n nor_o discipline_n as_o be_v no_o other_o for_o the_o most_o part_n than_o the_o country_n militia_n for_o father_n semedo_n speak_v of_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o province_n say_v they_o be_v of_o â—…ittle_a worth_n and_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v they_o follow_v no_o other_o employment_n then_o that_o of_o be_v soldier_n â—…or_n that_o they_o be_v general_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v enroll_v and_o follow_v their_o trade_n some_o shoemaker_n other_o tailor_n etc._n etc._n and_o father_n trigaut_n in_o his_o second_o chapter_n tell_v we_o that_o to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v knâ—…w_v the_o number_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v incredible_a we_o ought_v to_o observe_v that_o almost_o half_a the_o people_n of_o the_o three_o northern_a province_n be_v â—…olled_v iâ—…â—…he_a service_n of_o the_o emperor_n 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n 〈◊〉_d firmâ—…_n the_o same_o thing_n wherâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d â—…ays_n that_o the_o exâ—…e_n of_o the_o emperor_n eveâ—…y_v year_n for_o nine_o hundred_o aâ—…_n two_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o four_o soldier_n that_o guard_v thâ—…_n wâ—…_n including_z officer_n and_o all_o amount_v but_o to_o 〈◊〉_d million_o thirty_o four_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o livre_n which_o be_v not_o above_o half_a a_o pistol_n a_o year_n for_o every_o man_n which_o can_v never_o maintain_v they_o do_v they_o not_o follow_v their_o trade_n to_o support_v themselves_o and_o their_o family_n and_o for_o that_o very_a reason_n we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n incredible_a which_o the_o chinese_n historian_n cite_v by_o father_n magaillans_n allow_v as_o well_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o frontier_n as_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o province_n which_o amount_v to_o sixteen_o hundred_o seventy_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o four_o more_n especial_o consider_v the_o vastness_n of_o the_o empire_n numerous_o people_v and_o that_o the_o soldier_n have_v neither_o courage_n nor_o discipline_n and_o therefore_o father_n martini_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o tartar_n be_v better_a soldier_n than_o the_o chinese_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o comparable_a to_o the_o soldier_n in_o europe_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o what_o a_o high_a opinion_n the_o chineses_n have_v of_o it_o this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o ancient_a that_o it_o have_v preserve_v its_o form_n of_o government_n and_o have_v continue_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o twenty_o two_o family_n from_o whence_o have_v descend_v two_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o king_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n for_o it_o be_v so_o many_o year_n since_o it_o begin_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n which_o the_o chineses_n hold_v for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a for_o shall_v we_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o what_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o will_v be_v four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o this_o present_a year_n 1668_o since_o this_o kingdom_n begin_v the_o chineses_n however_o have_v three_o opinion_n concern_v this_o matter_n some_o of_o their_o book_n six_o the_o original_a of_o their_o kingdom_n some_o hundred_o of_o thousand_o of_o year_n before_o the_o creation_n but_o though_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n believe_v this_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o the_o wise_a and_o more_o learned_a sort_n hold_v those_o book_n for_o mere_o fabulous_a and_o apocryphal_a more_o especial_o since_o consucius_fw-la have_v condemn_v that_o error_n the_o second_o opinion_n make_v king_n fohi_n to_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o this_o kingdom_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o reign_v towards_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xénsi_fw-la the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o china_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n seat_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o that_o according_a to_o their_o book_n it_o be_v two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n that_o this_o prince_n begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o universal_a deluge_n according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n all_o the_o learned_a man_n hold_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v probable_a and_o many_o among_o they_o take_v it_o to_o be_v unquestionable_a the_o three_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v lay_v about_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o
significancy_n that_o in_o some_o measure_n they_o equal_v the_o greek_n and_o latin_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v i_o have_v collect_v alphabetical_o all_o the_o theological_a and_o philosophical_a term_n which_o our_o father_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o book_n which_o they_o compose_v for_o the_o chinese_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o word_n that_o express_v their_o signification_n much_o more_o happy_o and_o easy_o than_o we_o so_o curious_a and_o eloquent_a be_v that_o language_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v of_o i_o perhaps_o how_o it_o can_v be_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v have_v so_o many_o signification_n and_o how_o they_o who_o understand_v they_o can_v distinguish_v they_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o variety_n of_o signification_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a couch_n of_o the_o monosyllable_n together_o as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o syllable_n mon_fw-fr and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o accent_n and_o tone_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o syllable_n po._n this_o distinction_n be_v so_o natural_a to_o the_o chinese_n that_o without_o make_v the_o least_o reflection_n upon_o the_o tone_n or_o accent_n they_o ready_o understand_v all_o the_o different_a signification_n of_o the_o same_o monosyllable_n i_o say_v without_o the_o least_o hesitation_n or_o reflection_n for_o that_o indeed_o the_o people_n know_v not_o what_o either_o tone_n or_o accent_n mean_v which_o be_v only_o understand_v by_o the_o poet_n and_o our_o father_n that_o travel_v into_o china_n who_o have_v acquire_v that_o knowledge_n come_v to_o understand_v the_o language_n with_o ease_n which_o else_o they_o can_v never_o do_v without_o a_o extraordinary_a deal_n of_o trouble_n we_o be_v behold_v for_o this_o curious_a and_o profitable_a observation_n of_o the_o tone_n to_o f._n lazaro_n catanco_n and_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o by_o the_o comparison_n of_o a_o musician_n who_o by_o labour_n and_o skill_n have_v acquire_v a_o readiness_n to_o know_v and_o express_v the_o six_o tone_n ut_fw-la re_fw-mi mi_fw-mi fa_fw-it sol_fw-mi la_o which_o another_o man_n bear_v with_o necessary_a ability_n natural_o express_v and_o distingnish_v without_o the_o help_n of_o rule_n or_o art._n it_o do_v not_o follow_v nevertheless_o that_o the_o chineses_n sing_v out_o their_o word_n when_o they_o speak_v as_o one_o of_o our_o father_n of_o macao_n imagine_v or_o that_o they_o carry_v a_o tablet_n about_o their_o neck_n upon_o which_o they_o write_v down_o what_o they_o will_v say_v when_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v they_o as_o i_o be_v make_v believe_v when_o i_o first_o travel_v into_o the_o empire_n or_o that_o the_o chinese_n can_v whisper_v a_o man_n in_o the_o ear_n as_o once_o i_o think_v imagine_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o to_o exalt_v their_o voice_n to_o express_v their_o tone_n and_o accent_n the_o contrary_a to_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o evince_v by_o this_o example_n shall_v i_o say_v in_o europe_n that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o tone_n in_o the_o syllable_n to_o of_o the_o latin_a word_n totus_fw-la and_o totaliter_fw-la perhaps_o i_o shall_v hardly_o be_v believe_v and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a for_o in_o totus_fw-la to_o be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o clear_a and_o strong_a voice_n by_o open_v the_o lip_n but_o in_o totaliter_fw-la the_o same_o syllable_n be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o weak_a sound_n and_o with_o the_o lip_n more_o close_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o chinese_n language_n the_o syllable_n to_o pronounce_v with_o a_o acute_a and_o elevate_a accent_n have_v the_o same_o sound_n that_o to_o in_o totus_fw-la and_o signify_v slothful_a or_o to_o fall_v in_o regard_n a_o slothful_a man_n seem_v as_o if_o he_o be_v tumble_v every_o step_n he_o take_v but_o to_o in_o the_o chinese_n language_n pronounce_v with_o a_o circumflex_n mark_v with_o a_o point_n have_v the_o same_o sound_n with_o to_o in_o totaliter_fw-la and_o signify_v to_o study_v or_o a_o solitary_a person_n because_o that_o a_o man_n must_v be_v retire_v that_o will_v read_v or_o study_v to_o advantage_n the_o chinese_n language_n have_v many_o other_o quality_n and_o advantage_n that_o show_v the_o wit_n and_o industry_n of_o those_o that_o invent_v it_o but_o i_o pass_v they_o over_o in_o silence_n for_o brevity_n sake_n however_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o assert_v that_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v more_o easy_a than_o the_o greek_a the_o latin_a or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o language_n of_o europe_n at_o least_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a than_o the_o language_n of_o those_o other_o country_n where_o our_o society_n be_v employ_v in_o mission_n which_o be_v a_o advantage_n not_o a_o little_a considerable_a nor_o be_v this_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v question_v in_o 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the_o invention_n of_o that_o illustrious_a person_n father_n matthew_n riccio_n in_o short_a they_o esteem_v and_o honour_v he_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o several_a believe_v that_o as_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-fr ci_fw-fr u_fw-mi be_v the_o prince_n the_o saint_n the_o master_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n so_o father_n matthew_n riccio_n be_v the_o same_o among_o the_o european_n which_o be_v the_o high_a praise_n those_o idoliser_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-fr ci_fw-fr we_o can_v give_v he_o father_n diego_n pantoja_n have_v also_o compose_v several_a learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o seven_o deadly_a sin_n of_o the_o seven_o virtue_n which_o be_v their_o contrary_n upon_o the_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la upon_o the_o ave-marie_a and_o the_o credo_fw-la the_o father_n alfonso_n vanhone_n and_o julio_n aleni_n write_v several_a tome_n upon_o the_o christian_a religion_n upon_o the_o life_n of_o christ_n of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n and_o the_o saint_n
passion_n keep_v it_o bind_v and_o chain_v it_o come_v to_o be_v obscure_v and_o trouble_v for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o man_n shall_v apply_v themselves_o to_o learning_n and_o information_n by_o put_v of_o question_n to_o the_o end_n the_o rational_a heart_n may_v be_v deliver_v from_o its_o bondage_n and_o slavery_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o break_v the_o chain_n and_o fetter_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o return_v to_o its_o primitive_a beauty_n light_n and_o understanding_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o tarnished_a mirror_n be_v polish_a recover_v its_o former_a luster_n the_o second_o consist_v in_o reform_v the_o people_n for_o example_n i_o who_o be_o a_o king_n a_o magistrate_n a_o father_n of_o a_o family_n etc._n etc._n if_o i_o have_v already_o purify_v my_o rational_a nature_n it_o be_v my_o duty_n to_o extend_v it_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o she_o may_v be_v able_a to_o communicate_v herself_o to_o other_o man_n by_o cause_v they_o to_o abandon_v the_o corruption_n and_o defilement_n of_o vice_n and_o evil_a custom_n and_o i_o ought_v to_o deal_v so_o by_o my_o people_n as_o i_o do_v with_o garment_n when_o they_o be_v spot_v or_o besmear_v for_o if_o they_o be_v well_o wash_v and_o scour_v they_o become_v clean_a and_o handsome_a as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o three_o consist_v in_o attain_v and_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n this_o sovereign_a good_a be_v the_o sovereign_a accord_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o reason_n when_o great_a man_n enlighten_v their_o intelligent_a nature_n and_o renew_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o people_n they_o do_v it_o not_o by_o haphazard_n or_o without_o design_n but_o all_o their_o end_n be_v to_o bring_v their_o virtue_n to_o perfection_n to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v not_o be_v one_o single_a person_n among_o the_o people_n who_o virtue_n be_v not_o renew_v or_o who_o be_v not_o renew_v by_o virtue_n when_o they_o be_v arrive_v at_o a_o degree_n so_o sublime_a and_o to_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a excellency_n they_o may_v be_v assure_v they_o have_v attain_v the_o sovereign_n good_a like_o those_o who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o tiresome_a journey_n at_o length_n come_v to_o their_o own_o home_n may_v say_v they_o have_v attain_v the_o final_a end_n of_o their_o travel_n these_o be_v the_o three_o most_o necessary_a and_o principal_a thing_n in_o that_o book_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o mantle_n or_o outward_a garment_n that_o cover_v the_o clothes_n or_o as_o the_o string_n that_o hold_v a_o row_n of_o bead_n together_o these_o be_v the_o expression_n of_o the_o chinese_n commentator_n here_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o possible_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o proper_a than_o these_o word_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la to_o explain_v the_o function_n of_o a_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n who_o be_v oblige_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o perfect_v himself_o and_o next_o his_o neighbour_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v arrive_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good_a which_o be_v god_n the_o supreme_a and_o utmost_a end_n of_o all_o thing_n nevertheless_o the_o chineses_n be_v pagan_n and_o carnal_o mind_a people_n have_v accommodate_v these_o three_o point_n to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o like_a politician_n they_o place_v all_o their_o happiness_n and_o ultimate_a end._n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n do_v understand_v there_o be_v a_o god._n and_o therefore_o when_o i_o oppose_v their_o learned_a man_n in_o dispute_n i_o frequent_o make_v use_v of_o this_o dilemma_n either_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la do_v understand_v what_o he_o design_v or_o he_o do_v not_o if_o he_o do_v understand_v what_o he_o define_v he_o know_v there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o sovereign_n good_a of_o which_o he_o speak_v and_o which_o you_o also_o aught_o to_o know_v and_o adore_v as_o well_o as_o he_o if_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o what_o he_o define_v be_v god_n himself_o he_o be_v very_o ignorant_a since_o as_o you_o yourselves_o confess_v the_o syllable_n chi_fw-mi and_o xen_fw-mi signify_v that_o sovereign_n good_a which_o contain_v and_o comprehend_v all_o other_o which_o be_v a_o attribute_n that_o can_v be_v give_v to_o any_o creature_n what_o advantage_n soever_o he_o may_v have_v but_o only_o to_o god_n alone_o some_o there_o be_v who_o be_v touch_v with_o heavenly_a grace_n submit_v to_o the_o truth_n other_o not_o know_v what_o to_o answer_v and_o unwilling_a to_o acknowledge_v that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la be_v ignorant_a rather_o choose_v to_o abide_v in_o their_o error_n and_o to_o follow_v their_o pride_n and_o passion_n and_o cry_v they_o will_v come_v again_o another_o time_n note_n upon_o the_o four_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v nothing_o far_o to_o what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v concern_v the_o chinese_n language_n the_o nature_n and_o genius_n of_o which_o he_o have_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o and_o as_o for_o those_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o they_o may_v consult_v the_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n semedo_n who_o full_o confirm_v what_o here_o f._n magaillans_n avouch_v i_o must_v only_o observe_v this_o by_o the_o way_n that_o he_o give_v we_o in_o this_o place_n a_o idea_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n far_o different_a from_o what_o he_o give_v we_o former_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o principal_a book_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o aâ—…ia_n be_v very_o fertile_a in_o great_a wiâ—…s_n but_o he_o will_v have_v be_v more_o strong_o confirm_v in_o his_o opinion_n have_v he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o china_n for_o if_o they_o who_o best_o invent_v most_o sudden_o and_o easy_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v more_o subtle_a and_o better_a wit_n than_o other_o the_o chineses_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o nation_n since_o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o invent_v letter_n paper_n printing_n ponder_n fine_a porcelaine_n aâ—…d_v their_o own_o character_n though_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o many_o science_n for_o want_v of_o communication_n with_o other_o people_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v accomplish_v in_o moral_a philosophy_n to_o which_o they_o sole_o bend_v their_o study_n for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o wit_n be_v so_o quick_a and_o apprehensive_a that_o they_o understand_v with_o ease_n when_o they_o read_v the_o book_n which_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n have_v write_v the_o most_o subtle_a and_o difficult_a question_n as_o well_o in_o mathematics_n and_o philosophy_n as_o in_o theology_n perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v some_o who_o will_v not_o so_o ready_o believe_v what_o i_o assert_v but_o i_o can_v assure_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v know_v some_o learned_a christian_n and_o infidel_n also_o who_o understand_v without_o any_o instruction_n as_o we_o can_v find_v by_o their_o discourse_n the_o question_n concern_v god_n and_o the_o trinity_n which_o they_o have_v read_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o saint_n thomas_n translate_v by_o father_n buglio_n what_o kingdom_n be_v there_o whatever_o the_o number_n of_o the_o university_n be_v which_o it_o contain_v where_o there_o be_v above_o ten_o thousand_o licentiate_n as_o in_o china_n of_o which_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o meet_v every_o three_o year_n at_o pe_n kim_v where_o after_o several_a examination_n there_o be_v admit_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o kingdom_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o scholar_n as_o there_o be_v bachelor_n of_o art_n in_o china_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o country_n where_o the_o knowledge_n of_o letter_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o so_o common_a in_o regard_n that_o in_o all_o the_o province_n more_o especial_o the_o southern_a there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n poor_a or_o rich_a citizen_n or_o husbandman_n that_o can_v both_o write_v and_o read._n and_o in_o short_a i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o region_n unless_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v publish_v so_o many_o book_n as_o the_o chineses_n have_v do_v the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v almost_o as_o ancient_a as_o the_o deluge_n as_o begin_v not_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o it_o and_o be_v continue_v to_o this_o present_a time_n by_o several_a author_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v guess_v at_o the_o number_n of_o volume_n which_o their_o history_n contain_v they_o have_v several_a book_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n where_o they_o treat_v of_o nature_n her_o property_n and_o accident_n it_o be_v true_a they_o intermix_v mistake_n and_o impertinence_n with_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v
to_o suffer_v whatever_o thy_o divine_a justice_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o ordain_v he_o have_v scarce_o conclude_v this_o prayer_n before_o the_o sky_n be_v all_o overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o pour_v down_o rain_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o it_o suffice_v to_o water_n â—…ll_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o pristine_a fertility_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o chineses_n make_v any_o scruple_n about_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o incarnation_n we_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v they_o by_o this_o example_n tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n cover_v himself_o with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o lamb_n and_o offer_v himself_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n yet_o thereby_o do_v nothing_o lessen_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o dignity_n so_o likewise_o though_o god_n be_v please_v to_o clothe_v himself_o with_o the_o homely_a cover_v of_o our_o humanity_n and_o be_v offer_v up_o as_o a_o lamb_n in_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n he_o have_v no_o way_n lessen_v but_o rather_o exalt_v his_o almighty_a power_n his_o infinite_a mercy_n and_o goodness_n and_o have_v thereby_o make_v it_o so_o much_o the_o more_o clear_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v infinite_o above_o this_o king_n who_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o man_n and_o a_o mere_a creature_n the_o chineses_n present_o submit_v to_o this_o argument_n as_o well_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o to_o be_v rational_a and_o convince_v as_o also_o for_o that_o they_o be_v very_o much_o please_v to_o hear_v that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o their_o history_n and_o example_n to_o prove_v the_o verity_n of_o our_o religion_n this_o emperor_n have_v for_o one_o of_o his_o counsellor_n a_o holy_a and_o famous_a learned_a person_n who_o live_v several_a year_n hide_v up_o in_o the_o mountain_n among_o the_o wild_a beast_n because_o he_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o tyrant_n kie_fw-mi the_o offspring_n also_o of_o this_o emperor_n chim_z tamburlaine_n reign_v above_o six_o hundred_o year_n till_o the_o rule_n of_o king_n cheu_n who_o be_v no_o less_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a then_o kie_fw-mi so_o that_o when_o the_o chineses_n call_v a_o prince_n a_o kie_fw-mi or_o a_o cheu_n it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o when_o we_o call_v such_o a_o one_o a_o nero_n or_o a_o diocâ—…esian_n the_o five_o emperor_n call_v vù_n uâm_n be_v the_o son_n of_o venus_n uâm_n king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o châ—…un_n which_o be_v now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la who_o not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o wickedness_n and_o tyranny_n of_o king_n cheu_n set_v upon_o he_o vanquish_v he_o in_o battle_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uâm_n have_v a_o brother_n high_o esteem_v for_o his_o prudence_n and_o other_o virtue_n who_o he_o make_v king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xamn_n tumm_n and_o of_o who_o he_o make_v choice_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o his_o elder_a son._n he_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o above_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o year_n ago_o first_o â—…ound_v out_o the_o use_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o compass_n for_o the_o emperor_n his_o nephew_n have_v receive_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o embassy_n and_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o tribute_n from_o a_o country_n call_v tum_o xim_o and_o cochin_n china_n or_o kiao_n chi_fw-mi que_fw-fr and_o all_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o industry_n and_o prudent_a conduct_n of_o his_o protector_n the_o same_o governor_n present_v the_o ambassador_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o compass_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o which_o they_o may_v return_v the_o near_a way_n home_o without_o expose_v themselves_o to_o the_o toil_n and_o hardship_n of_o of_o those_o â—…ound_n about_o wind_n and_o wander_n through_o which_o they_o have_v labour_v in_o come_v to_o court._n so_o that_o this_o prince_n be_v one_o of_o the_o hero_n and_o saint_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o his_o memory_n now_o when_o the_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uâm_n return_v in_o triumph_n from_o the_o battle_n wherein_o the_o tyrant_n cheu_n have_v be_v defeat_v his_o two_o brother_n pe_fw-la y_fw-fr and_o xeo_fw-la cî_fw-la famous_a for_o their_o virtue_n and_o nobility_n meet_v he_o upon_o his_o march_n and_o after_o they_o hâ—…d_v stop_v he_o by_o take_v his_o horse_n by_o the_o bridle_n they_o bold_o and_o in_o very_o sharp_a and_o severe_a language_n reprove_v he_o for_o have_v seize_v upon_o the_o empire_n and_o force_v the_o emperor_n to_o burn_v himself_o in_o his_o palace_n together_o with_o all_o his_o treasure_n that_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v so_o vicious_a and_o so_o cruel_a yet_o he_o be_v both_o his_o lord_n and_o prince_n ordain_v by_o heaven_n that_o it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o advise_v he_o to_o amendment_n like_o a_o good_a subject_n not_o like_o a_o traitor_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n and_o last_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o surrender_v the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n to_o let_v the_o world_n see_v that_o he_o have_v not_o be_v push_v forward_o by_o any_o motive_n of_o ambition_n but_o only_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o deliver_v the_o title_n from_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n but_o when_o the_o two_o brother_n sound_v that_o he_o will_v not_o follow_v their_o counsel_n they_o retire_v to_o a_o desert_n mountain_n protest_v they_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o die_v in_o that_o manner_n then_o eat_v of_o the_o product_n of_o those_o territory_n which_o vù_n uâm_n have_v â—…usurped_v for_o fear_v they_o shall_v be_v think_v in_o some_o measure_n to_o approve_v his_o treason_n and_o revolt_n the_o history_n of_o these_o five_o king_n which_o the_o chineses_n look_v upon_o as_o so_o many_o saint_n especial_o the_o four_o first_o and_o their_o offspring_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o first_o book_n which_o be_v in_o as_o great_a reputation_n among_o these_o infidel_n as_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n among_o we_o christian_n the_o style_n of_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a but_o very_o exact_a and_o elegant_a vice_n be_v there_o blame_v and_o virtue_n applaud_v and_o the_o action_n of_o king_n and_o subject_n relate_v with_o a_o entire_a sincerity_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o more_o curious_a reader_n may_v see_v the_o energy_n and_o briefness_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o letter_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o use_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o five_o word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o book_n already_o mention_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o king_n yáo_o kin_n mîm_n vén_n su_n gamn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n yao_n be_v great_a and_o venerable_a he_o be_v most_o perspicacious_a and_o prudent_a he_o be_v very_o compose_v modest_a and_o courteous_a he_o appear_v always_o pensive_a and_o studious_a search_v continual_o after_o the_o best_a mean_n how_o to_o govern_v his_o people_n and_o empire_n and_o therefore_o he_o live_v all_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o comfort_n quiet_n and_o repose_v the_o second_o book_n be_v call_v li_n ki_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n this_o contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o principal_a author_n of_o this_o book_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o the_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uà m_fw-la of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o he_o be_v call_v chéu_n cumm_n and_o be_v equal_o venerable_a as_o well_o for_o his_o virtue_n as_o for_o his_o prudence_n learning_n and_o good_a conduct_n this_o volume_n contain_v the_o work_n of_o several_a other_o author_n also_o the_o disciple_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o other_o interpreter_n more_o modern_a and_o more_o suspect_v which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o circumspection_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n therein_o contain_v which_o be_v account_v fabulous_a the_o three_o volume_n be_v call_v xi_o kimm_n contain_v verse_n romance_n and_o poem_n all_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o sort_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v ya_fw-mi sum_n or_o panegyric_n and_o encomium_n sing_v in_o honour_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o virtue_n or_o their_o endowment_n there_o be_v also_o several_a gnomonics_n or_o verse_n contain_v precept_n which_o be_v sing_v at_o their_o funeral_n their_o sacrifice_n the_o ceremony_n which_o the_o chineses_n perform_v in_o honour_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o at_o their_o most_o solemn_a festival_n the_o second_o be_v call_v queen_n fumm_n or_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o be_v romance_n or_o poem_n choose_v out_o among_o those_o which_o be_v make_v by_o private_a person_n they_o be_v never_o sing_v but_o
only_o rehearse_v before_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o minister_n of_o state._n therein_o be_v describe_v without_o any_o dissimulation_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n how_o the_o empire_n be_v govern_v and_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o ancient_a comedy_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o spare_v neither_o the_o vice_n of_o private_a man_n nor_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o public_a magistrate_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v pi_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v comparison_n for_o that_o all_o which_o be_v therein_o contain_v be_v explain_v by_o comâ—…arisons_n or_o similitude_n the_o four_o sort_n be_v call_v he_o que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o raise_v or_o exalt_v because_o this_o sort_n of_o poetry_n begin_v with_o something_o that_o be_v curious_a and_o lofty_a to_o prepare_v and_o raise_v attention_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o five_o sort_n be_v call_v you_o xi_o that_o be_v to_o say_v poesy_n reject_v or_o separate_v â—…ecause_n that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la have_v review_v this_o volume_n of_o poem_n reject_v those_o which_o he_o either_o mislike_v or_o think_v to_o be_v fabulous_a however_o they_o be_v still_o quote_v and_o left_a as_o they_o be_v the_o four_o volume_n be_v compose_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n his_o native_a country_n at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n â—…um_fw-la the_o chineses_n put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o this_o book_n and_o be_v all_o in_o ecstasy_n when_o they_o read_v it_o he_o write_v this_o history_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n transaction_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o annal_n where_o he_o expose_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n both_o virtuous_a and_o wicked_a refer_v the_o â—…ents_n to_o the_o time_n and_o season_n wherein_o they_o happen_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v to_o his_o book_n the_o title_n of_o chun_n cieâ—…_n or_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o five_o volume_n be_v call_v you_o kim_v and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o foe_n hi_o their_o first_o king_n be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o book_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v read_v and_o esteem_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o noble_a sentence_n and_o precept_n of_o morality_n which_o it_o contain_v i_o believe_v true_o that_o the_o good_a maxim_n which_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o volume_n may_v be_v write_v by_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v add_v by_o other_o who_o be_v desirous_a to_o give_v reputation_n to_o their_o vision_n under_o the_o name_n of_o this_o famous_a prince_n nevertheless_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o this_o book_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o profound_a the_o most_o learned_a and_o mysterious_a of_o any_o in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v it_o and_o that_o stranger_n ought_v neither_o to_o see_v or_o touch_v it_o the_o chineses_n have_v also_o another_o volume_n of_o equal_a authority_n with_o those_o beforementioned_a which_o they_o call_v sù_n xu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o four_o book_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n this_o be_v a_o volume_n of_o extract_n or_o abridgement_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o very_a marrow_n and_o quintessence_n of_o the_o former_a five_o the_o mandarinsâ—…ull_a â—…ull_z out_o from_o thence_o the_o sentence_n and_o text_n which_o they_o propose_v for_o theme_n to_o the_o learned_a that_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n licentiate_n and_o doctor_n and_o upon_o which_o those_o person_n write_v and_o comment_n for_o their_o reputation_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o their_o virtue_n the_o second_o discourse_n of_o the_o golden_a mean._n the_o three_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o moral_a sentence_n well_o express_v solid_a and_o profitable_a to_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o state._n these_o three_o part_n be_v write_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la the_o first_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v publish_v by_o his_o disciple_n the_o four_o part_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o the_o other_o three_o be_v write_v by_o the_o philosopher_n men_n sum_o who_o be_v bear_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o chinese_n as_o a_o doctor_n of_o the_o second_o order_n this_o be_v a_o work_n wherein_o there_o appear_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o wit_n subtlety_n and_o eloquence_n the_o discourse_n be_v pertinent_a the_o sentence_n grave_a and_o moral_a and_o the_o style_v lively_a bold_a and_o persuasive_a all_o the_o missionary_n of_o our_o society_n in_o these_o part_n very_o industrious_o study_v the_o letter_n and_o the_o language_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o this_o book_n and_o from_o thence_o and_o out_o of_o the_o former_a five_o it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o treatise_n and_o commentary_n of_o various_a author_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a of_o which_o the_o number_n be_v almost_o infinite_a and_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o commend_v and_o admire_v the_o wit_n the_o industry_n and_o eloquence_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v derive_v as_o from_o so_o many_o spring_n and_o fountain_n note_n upon_o the_o five_o chapter_n a._n p._n 96._o the_o subject_a or_o ground_n of_o this_o book_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o table_n of_o sixty_o four_o figure_n every_o one_o consist_v of_o six_o line_n which_o be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n as_o thus_o other_o of_o two_o part_n as_o thus_o the_o chineses_n attribute_v the_o write_n of_o this_o table_n to_o their_o first_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o no_o body_n can_v divine_v what_o be_v the_o design_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o about_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n prince_n venus_n uam_fw-la father_n of_o the_o emperor_n vu_fw-fr uam_n founder_n of_o the_o three_o royal_a family_n and_o his_o second_o son_n cheu_n cum_fw-la undertake_v to_o interpret_v this_o enigmatical_a table_n and_o that_o five_o hundred_o year_n afterward_o the_o philosopher_n cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la make_v commentary_n upon_o the_o interpretation_n of_o those_o two_o prince_n but_o whatever_o those_o three_o author_n have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o only_o from_o the_o agreeement_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o element_n and_o other_o natural_a thing_n to_o draw_v politic_a and_o moral_a maxim_n and_o conclusion_n and_o precept_n also_o as_o well_o for_o the_o prince_n as_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o which_o render_v this_o table_n pernicious_a be_v this_o that_o the_o idolater_n call_v tao_n sum_o the_o bonze_n and_o fortune-teller_n make_v a_o bad_a use_n of_o it_o to_o confirm_v their_o superstitious_a prediction_n forge_v out_o of_o that_o variety_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o intermix_v therewith_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o confederacy_n and_o vain_a and_o impertinent_a allusion_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o boast_v themselves_o able_a to_o foretell_v whatever_o shall_v befall_v a_o man_n whether_o fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a epitome_n of_o the_o first_o commentator_n of_o this_o table_n of_o foyes_n hi_o may_v be_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o preface_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la which_o be_v new_o print_v together_o with_o several_z other_o particular_n concern_v the_o principal_a book_n of_o the_o chinese_n of_o which_o our_o author_n speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n several_a book_n may_v be_v write_v of_o the_o civility_n compliment_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o have_v a_o book_n which_o give_v a_o account_n of_o above_o three_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v how_o ready_a and_o punctual_a they_o be_v in_o those_o particular_n at_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o feast_n the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n though_o a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n than_o any_o of_o his_o guest_n always_o give_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o pre-eminence_n to_o the_o elder_a the_o elder_a give_v place_n to_o those_o that_o come_v far_o off_o but_o all_o to_o foreigner_n when_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v from_o the_o very_a day_n that_o his_o embassy_n be_v accept_v of_o to_o the_o time_n of_o his_o departure_n the_o emperor_n furnish_v he_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n horse_n litter_n and_o bark_n
may_v be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n in_o the_o regard_n that_o if_o we_o set_v aside_o the_o fable_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v add_v and_o of_o which_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n be_v no_o less_o guilty_a when_o they_o speak_v of_o their_o first_o founder_n the_o sequel_n of_o their_o story_n and_o the_o successive_a train_n of_o their_o king_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o of_o truth_n for_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o their_o history_n and_o chronology_n we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o universal_a deluge_n according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n in_o which_o time_n the_o descendant_n of_o noah_n may_v well_o spread_v themselves_o to_o the_o far_a end_n of_o asia_n see_v that_o within_o the_o same_o space_n they_o expanded_a themselves_o over_o all_o the_o western_a part_n of_o asia_n into_o africa_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o europe_n the_o three_o opinion_n assert_n that_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n be_v yao_n who_o according_a to_o their_o chronology_n begin_v to_o reign_v four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n ago_o their_o history_n relate_v that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v both_o mathematician_n and_o astrologer_n that_o he_o cause_v great_a ditch_n and_o channel_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o drain_n away_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o grand_a deluge_n that_o till_o then_o cover_v the_o valley_n and_o the_o champaign_n ground_n this_o king_n be_v a_o prince_n illustrious_a for_o his_o virtue_n and_o his_o transcendent_a part_n and_o be_v still_o honour_a as_o one_o of_o the_o will_z sest_z and_o most_o virtuous_a prince_n of_o china_n this_o opi_fw-la nion_n pass_v for_o currant_n and_o unquestionable_a among_o the_o chinese_n and_o all_o the_o father_n that_o have_v have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n and_o insight_n into_o their_o book_n and_o history_n hold_v this_o latter_a opinion_n for_o certain_a and_o the_o second_o for_o probable_a and_o because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n call_v the_o vulgar_a it_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o fohi_n and_o yao_n must_v have_v be_v bear_v and_o reign_v before_o the_o deluge_n therefore_o we_o be_v force_v in_o this_o country_n to_o follow_v the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o which_o be_v grant_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n seem_v very_o probable_a well_o trace_v and_o conformable_a not_o only_o to_o the_o egyptian_a assyrian_a greek_a and_o roman_a history_n but_o which_o be_v yet_o far_o more_o surprise_v to_o the_o chronology_n of_o sacred_a scripture_n according_a to_o the_o second_o opinion_n then_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a from_o king_n tohi_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o deluge_n to_o the_o emperor_n cam_n he_o who_o reign_v in_o the_o year_n 1668._o there_o have_v be_v two_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o king_n divide_v into_o twenty_o two_o sidifferent_a family_n who_o have_v govern_v this_o empire_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n which_o family_n endure_v for_o a_o long_o or_o lesser_a time_n according_a as_o they_o govern_v well_o or_o ill_o and_o till_o another_o revolt_a put_v the_o king_n to_o death_n rout_v out_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o family_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n which_o he_o have_v raise_v and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o the_o beginning_n these_o rebel_n be_v either_o petty_a king_n or_o great_a lord_n but_o afterward_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v man_n of_o low_a birth_n and_o mean_a condition_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n be_v a_o person_n of_o very_a obscure_a parentage_n who_o name_n be_v chum_n he_o be_v a_o long_a time_n a_o servant_n among_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o idol_n after_o which_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o robber_n upon_o the_o highway_n afterward_o be_v banish_v he_o put_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o certain_a free_a booter_n and_o after_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prosperous_a success_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o his_o coronation_n he_o call_v himself_o hum_n vu_fw-fr or_o the_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a but_o then_o the_o learned_a flatterer_n advance_v his_o title_n and_o call_v he_o tai_n mim_n which_o signify_v a_o reign_n of_o great_a luster_n his_o posterity_n reign_v in_o china_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o year_n and_o till_o the_o year_n 1643_o that_o the_o tartar_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o destroy_v the_o royal_a family_n all_o those_o that_o revolt_v pretend_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n that_o send_v they_o to_o ease_v the_o people_n oppress_v by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o their_o governor_n and_o this_o opinion_n or_o rather_o vision_n find_v so_o much_o credit_n in_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v so_o deep_o root_v in_o their_o mind_n as_o if_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a truth_n in_o the_o world_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o one_o among_o they_o that_o do_v not_o hope_n to_o be_v a_o emperor_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o those_o frequent_a revolt_v which_o we_o find_v in_o this_o empire_n to_o day_n in_o one_o province_n to_o morrow_n in_o another_o nay_o many_o time_n only_o in_o one_o city_n or_o in_o one_o town_n many_o time_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o miserable_a wretch_n advance_v to_o be_v a_o king_n sometime_o by_o a_o troop_n of_o fifty_o bandity_n sometime_o by_o a_o hundred_o or_o two_o hundred_o peasant_n but_o more_o frequent_o by_o a_o certain_a sect_n of_o idolater_n who_o make_v a_o profession_n of_o create_v new_a king_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a government_n in_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v the_o comedy_n or_o rather_o tragedy_n which_o be_v act_v every_o day_n upon_o the_o theatre_n of_o this_o empire_n for_o he_o that_o but_o to_o day_n be_v but_o a_o ignominious_a robber_n and_o under_o that_o notion_n both_o dread_v and_o hate_v let_v he_o but_o shift_v his_o habit_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o crown_n the_o robe_n and_o ornament_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o same_o man_n to_o morrow_n shall_v be_v belove_v and_o respect_v by_o all_o the_o world_n and_o though_o he_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o vile_a and_o abject_a birth_n they_o shall_v present_o call_v he_o the_o son_n of_o heaven_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o that_o the_o chinese_n as_o we_o have_v say_v call_v their_o kingdom_n tien_n hia_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o which_o be_v under_o the_o heaven_n or_o su_n hai_fw-fr chinun_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o be_v between_o the_o four_o sea_n title_n conformable_a to_o their_o pride_n and_o their_o ignorance_n and_o to_o their_o scorn_n of_o stranger_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n among_o they_o to_o call_v a_o man_n master_n of_o all_o that_o be_v under_o the_o heaven_n or_o between_o the_o four_o sea_n as_o to_o call_v he_o king_n of_o china_n the_o chineses_n give_v their_o emperor_n several_a losty_a and_o magnificent_a title_n for_o example_n they_o call_v he_o tien_n hu_o son_n of_o heaven_n xim_o tien_n hu_o holy_a son_n of_o heaven_n hoam_o ti_o august_n and_o great_a emperor_n xim_o xoam_n holy_a emperor_n hoam_n xam_n august_n sovereign_a xim_o kium_n holy_a prince_n xim_o xam_n holy_a sovereignty_n que_fw-fr chu_n lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chaos_n tim_n palace_n royal_a van_n svi_fw-la ten_o thousand_o year_n with_o several_a other_o title_n full_a of_o grandeur_n and_o majesty_n which_o i_o omit_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v tedious_a so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o say_v son_n of_o heaven_n or_o ten_o thousand_o year_n or_o palace_n royal_a as_o to_o say_v king_n or_o emperor_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o idle_a flattery_n this_o prince_n be_v far_o from_o be_v so_o vain_a as_o the_o king_n of_o monomotopa_fw-mi who_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o command_v the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o star_n or_o so_o ambitious_o politic_a as_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o great_a river_n that_o cross_v his_o country_n overflow_v its_o bank_n every_o year_n at_o a_o certain_a season_n and_o that_o it_o return_v again_o by_o degree_n within_o a_o certain_a time_n march_v forth_o in_o great_a pomp_n out_o of_o his_o palace_n to_o command_v the_o water_n to_o retire_v and_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o sea._n for_o though_o the_o chineses_n give_v these_o great_a title_n to_o their_o king_n and_o though_o he_o suffer_v they_o yet_o neither_o he_o nor_o they_o at_o least_o the_o learned_a and_o more_o prudent_a sort_n be_v so_o
taste_v fruit_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o repast_n he_o send_v we_o another_o plate_n of_o gold_n wherein_o be_v twenty_o apple_n of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a in_o the_o kingdom_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o pin_n quo_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o feast_n he_o send_v we_o another_o plate_n full_a of_o pear_n and_o those_o apple_n of_o gold_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n the_o favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n do_v we_o at_o that_o time_n seem_v to_o we_o surprise_o extraordinary_a as_o it_o do_v to_o all_o those_o that_o hear_v the_o relation_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v invite_v in_o regard_n they_o be_v feast_v by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n every_o day_n not_o but_o that_o at_o other_o time_n upon_o certain_a occasion_n of_o public_a rejoice_v he_o treat_v much_o more_o magnificent_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v about_o five_o thousand_o by_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v ready_o conjecture_v at_o the_o grandeur_n and_o puissance_n of_o this_o emperor_n and_o that_o the_o abundance_n of_o provision_n which_o be_v bring_v continual_o to_o the_o court_n be_v far_o beyond_o the_o relation_n which_o i_o have_v make_v note_n upon_o the_o sixteen_o chapter_n father_n magaillans_n have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o three_o opinion_n of_o the_o chineses_n 250._o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o china_n and_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o finish_v this_o work_n he_o will_v have_v put_v all_o that_o he_o say_v of_o it_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n however_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o proper_a for_o i_o to_o pare_v off_o any_o thing_n from_o this_o chapter_n as_o well_o for_o that_o i_o will_v not_o make_v a_o alteration_n so_o considerable_a as_o for_o that_o the_o author_n have_v insert_v several_a new_a and_o 〈◊〉_d circumstance_n and_o for_o that_o the_o matter_n be_v also_o of_o great_a moment_n beside_o that_o this_o chapter_n be_v compose_v in_o the_o year_n 1669._o serve_v for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o which_o f._n magaillans_n have_v write_v in_o the_o year_n before_o as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o date_n which_o he_o set_v down_o in_o this_o work._n chap._n xvii_o a_o desoription_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o enclose_v the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o principal_a house_n of_o china_n the_o city_n or_o court_n of_o pe_n kim_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_n it_o form_v a_o vast_a square_n each_o of_o the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v twelve_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o length_n which_o make_v about_o three_o italian_a mile_n or_o near_o a_o portugal_n league_n it_o have_v nine_o gate_n three_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n and_o two_o upon_o each_o of_o the_o other_o side_n not_o twelve_o gate_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n martini_n in_o his_o atlas_n p._n 29._o wherein_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v follow_v m._n polo_n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o this_o city_n be_v now_o inhabit_v by_o the_o tartar_n and_o their_o troop_n divide_v into_o eight_o quarter_n or_o banner_n as_o they_o call_v call_v they_o but_o in_o regard_n that_o under_o the_o precede_a king_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v so_o multiply_v that_o the_o capital_a be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o contain_v they_o nor_o the_o nine_o suburb_n answer_v to_o the_o nine_o gate_n which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o every_o one_o a_o great_a city_n be_v at_o least_o as_o big_a as_o many_o great_a borough_n there_o be_v a_o new_a city_n build_v of_o a_o square_a form_n like_o the_o old_a one_o of_o which_o each_o of_o the_o side_n be_v six_o chinese_n furlong_n or_o a_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n have_v the_o north_n side_n join_v to_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o old_a city_n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n and_o every_o one_o a_o suburb_n well_o people_v more_o especial_o that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o west_n for_o that_o be_v the_o side_n where_o all_o that_o come_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n enter_v into_o the_o capital_a city_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o quarter_n or_o jurisdiction_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n the_o principal_a street_n some_o run_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n other_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o they_o be_v all_o so_o straight_o so_o long_o so_o broad_a and_o so_o well_o proportion_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v they_o be_v mark_v out_o with_o a_o line_n and_o not_o build_v by_o hap_n hazard_n as_o in_o our_o city_n of_o europe_n the_o little_a street_n run_v all_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o divide_v all_o the_o space_n between_o the_o great_a street_n into_o equal_a and_o proportionable_a island_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v know_v by_o their_o particular_a name_n as_o the_o street_n of_o the_o king_n kindred_n the_o white_a tower-street_n the_o iron_n lyons-street_n the_o fish-street_n the_o aquavity-street_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v a_o book_n to_o be_v sell_v that_o speak_v of_o the_o name_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o street_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lackey_n that_o attend_v upon_o the_o mandarin_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o to_o their_o tribunal_n and_o carry_v their_o present_n their_o letter_n and_o their_o order_n to_o several_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o empire_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o send_v a_o great_a number_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n whence_o come_v that_o proverb_n so_o often_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o chinese_n that_o the_o province_n send_v mandarin_n to_o pe_n kim_n and_o pe_n kim_n in_o exchange_n send_v they_o none_o but_o lackey_n and_o messenger_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a thing_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o mandarin_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o that_o city_n the_o fair_a of_o all_o the_o street_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v cham_n begin_v kiai_fw-mi or_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n it_o run_v from_o east_n to_o west_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n side_n by_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n by_o several_a tribunal_n and_o palace_n of_o great_a lord_n it_o be_v so_o spacious_a that_o it_o be_v about_o thirty_o fathom_n broad_a and_o so_o famous_o know_v that_o the_o learned_a in_o their_o write_n make_v use_v of_o it_o to_o signify_v the_o whole_a city_n take_v a_o part_n for_o the_o whole_a for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o say_v such_o a_o one_o life_n in_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n as_o to_o say_v he_o live_v at_o pe_n kim_n if_o the_o house_n be_v but_o high_a and_o build_v to_o the_o street_n like_o we_o the_o city_n will_v show_v much_o more_o stately_a but_o they_o be_v all_o low_a building_n to_o show_v the_o respect_n which_o they_o have_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o palace_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a lord_n which_o be_v lofty_a and_o magnificent_a but_o they_o be_v build_v backward_o so_o that_o you_o see_v nothing_o to_o the_o street_n but_o a_o great_a gate_n which_o have_v house_n on_o each_o side_n inhabit_v by_o their_o domestic_n or_o by_o merchant_n and_o handycraft_n tradesman_n however_o this_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o public_a convenience_n for_o in_o our_o city_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o street_n be_v take_v up_o by_o house_n of_o noble_a man_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o market_n whereas_o at_o pe_n kim_n and_o in_o all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o china_n there_o be_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o your_o door_n for_o entertainment_n subsistence_n or_o pleasure_n for_o these_o little_a house_n be_v as_o so_o many_o magazine_n or_o market_n shop_n and_o tavern_n but_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n so_o numerous_a it_o be_v that_o i_o dare_v not_o presume_v to_o utter_v it_o nor_o do_v i_o know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o understand_v all_o the_o street_n both_o of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n be_v crowd_v with_o people_n as_o well_o the_o small_a street_n as_o the_o great_a as_o well_o those_o at_o the_o far_a end_n as_o those_o in_o the_o hart_n of_o the_o place_n the_o throng_n be_v every_o where_o so_o great_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o compare_v with_o it_o but_o the_o fair_n and_o procession_n of_o europe_n the_o emperor_n palace_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o great_a city_n and_o front_n towards_o the_o south_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o empire_n where_o you_o