the same force as if it had been inserted into the original Treaty at Munster with this reserve that if for the time to come any frauds or hindrances of Navigation be discover'd for which this Treaty has not provided a remedy it shall be lawfull to adde to it such Cautions as both parties shall agree upon till then it shall remain in force FINIS A Table of the Chapters The First Book CHap. 1. What passed before the Earls of Holland page 1. Chap. 2. Thyerry of Aquitain the first Earl p. 5. Chap. 3. The House of Hainaut p. 18. Chap. 4. The House of Bavaria p. 21. Chap. 5. The House of Burgundy p. 24. Chap. 6. The House of Austria p. 29. Chap. 7. Containing the memorable passages under the Government of Margaret of Parma p. 39. Chap. 8. The Government of the Duke of Alva p. 44. Chap. 9. The Government of Don Lewis and the great Councel of State p. 52. Chap. 10. The Government of Don John of Austria and of the Prince of Parma p. 55. The Second Book Chap. 1. The League and Union of the Provinces p. 60. Chap. 2. The Rank and Dependencies of the United Provinces towards one another p. 70. Chap. 3. What was the form of the generall Assemblies till the time of the Earl of Leicester p. 74. Chap. 4. In what consists the Superiority of the States Generall and what sort of affairs are determined by them which cannot be determined by the States of the particular Provinces p. 77. Chap. 5. How far the power of the States Generall does extend p. 80. Chap. 6. Who are those that are ordinarily chosen for Deputies to the States Generall and of the order which is observed amongst the Deputies p. 82. Chap. 7. Of the Orders that the States of Holland and West-Friezeland give to their Deputies in the States Generall and the Oath they take p. 86. Chap. 8. Of the great Assembly Extraordinary p. 91. Chap. 9. Of the Councel of State which is the greatest after the Councel of the States Generall p. 92. Chap. 10. Of the Power of the States of every Province p. 95. Chap. 11. Of the States of Holland and Zeeland p. 97. Chap. 12. Of the Governors of the United Provinces untill the year 1650. p. 100. Chap. 13. Of the charge of a Governor p. 106. Chap. 14. Whether or no the United Provinces can subsist without a Governor p. 109. Chap. 15. Of the Riches by which the United Provinces do maintain themselves p. 111. Chap. 16. Of the principal Forces which do maintain the Commonwealth of the United Provinces p. 116. Chap. 17. Of the Alliances of the United Provinces with forreign Princes p. 125. Chap. 18. Of the Admiralty and care that is taken to maintain a Sea-strength p. 131. Chap. 19. Of the particular Government of the Towns of Holland p. 136 Chap. 20. Of the Tributes and Imposts of how many sorts they are and of the manner of levying them in Holland p. 141. Chap. 21. Of the East and West-India Companies p. 153. Chap. 22. What judgement may be made of the lasting or decay of this Common-wealth p. 173. Chap. 23. An Abridgement of the State of the United Provinces by Paul Merle p. 178. Chap. 24. The Proclamation of the States of Holland and West-Frieze touching the ancient Right of the Common-wealth of Holland p. 189. The Third Book Chap. 1. Of the Original of Holland p. 203. Chap. 2. Of the length and breadth of Holland the number of its Towns and Villages p. 206. Chap. 3. Of the Division of Holland and the nature of the Soyl. p. 210. Chap. 4. Of the Manners and Dispositions of the Inhabitants p. 222. Chap. 5. Of the Trade of the Hollanders and the wayes of getting a livelyhood p. 232. Chap. 6. Of the Imposts and Customes p. 238. Chap. 7. Of Leyden in Latine Lugdunum Batavorum p. 241. Chap. 8. Of the Territories about Leyden p. 263. Chap. 9. Of Amsterdam p. 271. Chap. 10. Of Harlem and some Villages round about it p. 280. Chap. 11. Of Delft and its Villages p. 285. Chap. 12. Of Dort p. 289. Chap. 13. Of Goude p. 293. Chap. 14. Of Rotterdam p. 295. Chap. 15. Of the small Towns of Holland p. 296. Chap. 16. Of the Hague p. 299. Chap. 17. Of Voerden p. 303. Chap. 18. Of the Towns that are in Goylant near the South-Sea p. 312. Chap. 19. Of the Lakes and Rivers p. 316. Chap. 20. Of North Holland commonly called West-Frieze p. 319. Chap. 21. Of Alcmaer and Medenbliick p. 322. Chap. 22. Of Enchusen p. 325. Chap. 23. Of Horne and the small Towns of North Holland p. 328. Chap. 24. Of the different Religions in Holland p. 336. Chap. 25. Of the Nobility p. 345. Chap. 26. Of Liberty p. 350. Chap. 27. Of some Voyages undertaken under the Banner of Holland p. 354. Chap. 28. Containing divers Curiosities p. 360. The Articles of Peace between the King of Spain and the Dutch in 1648. p. 379. Books Printed for and Sold by John Starkey at the Mitre betwixt the Middle Temple-Gate and Temple-Bar in Fleet-Street Folio's 1. THe Voyages and Travels of the Duke of Holstein's Ambassadors into Muscovy Tartary and Persia begun in the year 1633. and finisht in 1639. Containing a Compleat History of those Countries Whereto are added The Travels of Mandelslo from Persia into the East-Indies begun in 1638. and finisht in 1640. The whole Illustrated with divers accurate Maps and Figures Written originally by Adam Olearius ecreta ry to the Embassie Englished by J. Davies of Kidwelly Price Bound 18. Shillings 2. The World Surveyed Or the famous Voyages and Travels of Vincent le Blanc of Marseilles into the East and West-Indies Persia Pegu Fez Morocco Guinny and through all Africa and the principall Provinces of Europe Price Bound 10. Shillings 3. A Practicall and Polemicall Commentary or Exposition upon the third and fourth Chapters of the latter Epistle of St. Paul to Timothy by Thomas Hall B. D. Price Bound 10. Shillings 4. A Generall Collection of Discourses of the Virtuosi of France upon Questions of all sorts of Philosophy and other Naturall Knowledge made in the Assembly of the Beaux Esprits at Paris by the most Ingenious persons of that Nation Englished by G. Havers In two Volumes Price Bound 30. Shillings 5. A Treatise of the Sybils giving an account of the Names and Number of them of their Qualities the Form and Matter of their Verses and of their Books Written in French by David Blundell Englished by J. Davies Price Bound 7. Shillings 6. The History of Barbado's St. Christophers Mevis St. Vincents Antego Martinico Monserrat and the rest of the Caribby Islands in all twenty eight in Two Books containing the Natural and Moral History of those Islands illustrated with divers Pieces of Sculpture representing the most considerable Rarities therein described Englished by J. Davies Price Bound 10. Shillings 7. The State of the Ottoman Empire in Three Books containing the Maxims of the
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE United Provinces OF THE LOW-COUNTRIES AS TO THE Government Laws Forces Riches Manners Customes Revenue and Territory OF THE DUTCH IN THREE BOOKS Collected by W. A. Fellow of the Royall Society LONDON Printed for John Starkey at the Mitre betwixt the Middle Temple Gate and Temple-Bar in Fleet-Street 1669. THE PREFACE THe Netherland-Provinces have rendred themselves so conspicuous and considerable amongst the other States of Europe that the sole mentioning of them might suffice to awaken the attention and invite the regards of all persons whose more elevated Genius leads them to the contemplation of the rise growth and grandeur of States and Empires which affording the greatest instances of humane wisdome and industry as well as they are the most remarkable Theatres of divine providence are certainly the most adaequate objects for rational and considering men For which reason possibly few Books less needed a Preface than that which is now in the Readers hands and The present State and Government of the Netherlands in the Title-page may seem to carry invitation enough with it to render all other superfluous Scarce any Subject occurres more frequent in the discourses of ingenious men than that of the marvellous progress of this little State which in the space of about one hundred years for 't is no more since their first attempts to shake off the Spanish yoke hath grown to a height not only infinitely transcendnig all the ancient Republicks of Greece but not much inferior in some respects even to the greatest Monarchies of these latter Ages Nor is the wonder inconsiderably augmented in that the lesser Moiety hath farre exceeded even the Whole it self and seven Provinces are become greater than seventeen with a manifest verification of that Aenigmatical Aphorisme Dimidium plus Toto To which it may likewise be added that for above sixty years of that above-mention'd hundred they were continually engag'd in a Warre against the greatest King of this Western World besides what contests they have since had with other Neighbours and nevertheless that difficult exercise of their nonage not only promoted their growth by necessarily exciting the industry natural to that Nation but likewise contributed to rènder the Constitution of the State it self more robust and athletick 'T is the Portraiture of this flourishing Common-wealth which is here presented to the Ingenious drawn by the elegant Pen of a Virtuoso of the Royall Society who the more to gratifie the Reader and compleat his Work hath collected out of severall Authors a summary Account of the Lives of the Earls of Holland down to the alteration of Government which commenc'd about the year 1567. which Lives compose the first Book order of time requiring the same to be prefix'd before the Description of the Confederate Commonwealth or Government of the States Generall whereunto is particularly annex'd that of the States of Holland and Zeeland as examples of the rest The third and last Book exhibits the extent and nature of the Soyl of Holland the Manners Customes and Trade of the Inhabitants together with particular Descriptions of all the considerable Cities and Towns of that Province and an Appendage of divers Treaties of Alliance made between this and other neighbouring States Besides all which the Reader will finde variety of Politick Reflexions and Discourses interspers'd throughout the whole Work which concurre to the accomplishment of the same in reference to the two principall ends of Books Instruction and Divertisement THE FIRST BOOK Containing the HISTORY OF THE EARLS OF HOLLAND CHAP. I. What pass'd before the Earles of Holland THere is all the probability in the world that this fair Province of Holland has not alwayes been as rich and as populous as we now see it but quite contrary it was a kind of a Desert once and full of great Forrests The first People that inhabited it were a Colony of Germans which came out of their Countrey some time before the Birth of our Saviour and it is from thence that it has the name of Batavia if we believe the Roman History and particularly Tacitus lib. de moribus Germanorum There is no doubt but the Batavi are the chief in strength and valour among the Germans and that this Nation which was formerly called Cattes and which upon a sedition at home invaded these Islands which the Rhene makes and are now become Subjects of the Roman Empire are the noblest portion of the German State since History makes so much mention of them and that it appears so in their humours customes and manners of which the chiefest are these following 1. That they pay no tributes 2. That they are free from all contribution towards the War 3. That they are alwayes reserv'd for the War 4. That they have the most honourable rank in the Army as being esteem'd the best Souldiers and the best skill'd in lancing their Javelots 'T is by their help sayes Tacitus that the Romans have extended their Empire beyond the Rhene The Romans in truth did think themselves happy to have them for friends and companions not that I deny but that they were in some way conquered by the same Romans whom they assisted much in their Wars against the Brittains or English witness the Brittain Castle built by the same Romans for as Tacitus sayes it was only by the force of the Batavi and the Tongri that the Romans did overcome the Brittains besides the Emperours were so convinced of their fidelity that they us'd them as guards to their persons but because the Romans did begin to oppress them they revolted from them as it is reported by Tacitus in the fourth Book of his History in these words The Batavi having been us'd in the Wars of Germany did furnish the Empire with arms and men their principall leaders were Julius Paulus and Claudius Civilis of the Royall Bloud Paulus being accus'd of rebellion was kill'd and Claudius put in prison but set at liberty by Galb 〈…〉 Civiiis being a man of parts took notice of the disorder the Empire was in and observing the natural aversion the Bataves had for the Romans because that in raising of Souldiers among them they aim'd more to satisfie their avarice and foul luxury than to supply the legions he fomented under hand at first their discontent then appearing openly exhorted them to recover their liberty and cast off the yoke of slavery We are not said he treated like companions but like slaves remember the glory of your Ancestors and look upon the disorders of the Empire and the Gaules your neighbours who will joyn with you in the design of recovering your liberty Thus it appears by this Writer that the Batavi were to have been the Romans companions and that it was for the breach and non-performance of that promise that they revolted and maintain'd a bloody War in which were perform'd many noble actions The end of this War was a peace in which the Batavi were caâ—l'd the brothers and friends of
Ghent was declar'd Earl of Holland His first care was to invite all his Nobility to be reveng'd of the French for pillaging Maries Territories in effect he defeated them and took the Town of Tournay and a year after he constituted for his Lieutenant in Holland Nun. de lalain seigneur de montigny and Knight of the golden Fleece After the death of Mary the French pretended that the care of the Children did belong to them but it was judged for the Father He was at last chosen Emperour and died in the year 1519. in January Thus the Low Countreys became annexed to the House of Austria and by the marriage of Philip Maximilians Son to Jane of Castile was fram'd that great House which has so long given subject of fears and jealousies to all Europe Philip of Austria the Thirty third This Prince firnam'd the Delight of Mankind for his beauty and goodness was married to Jane Daughter to Ferdinand of Castile He brought her into the Low-Countreys and there she was brought abed of Charles who was afterwards Emperour as also of another Son nam'd Ferdinand Then he return'd into Spain and so won the hearts of all the Nobility there that his Father-in-law Ferdinand became jealous of him but durst not trust any body with his jealousie nay such was his distrust that he began to hate that great Captain Dâ—n Gonsaloe But Philip freed him from his fears by dying in Spain which made many suspect poison His Wife did love him so passionately that she ran mad and died not long after him Charles the fifth of Austria Emperour King of Spain and Earl of Holland the Thirty fourth Charles was born at Gheat in the year 1500. the twenty fourth of February His Father died when he was but six years old and at fifteen he was receiv'd as Prince in the Low-Countreys at eighteen he was acknowledg'd King of Spain and proclaim'd Emperour at nineteen He was very well bred up by his Aunt Margaret and his Tutor Adrian of Utrect whom he afterwards made Pope He was solemnly crown'd King of Spain at Valladolid but while he was absent in the Low Countreys the Spaniards revolted from him Francis the first King of France stood with him to be chosen Emperour but fail'd of his pretensions thence sprung an animosity between them which caus'd many bloody Wars wherein Charles his good fortune prevail'd for he took Francis prisoner and for his ransome made him yeeld all his right to Naples Milan and the Low-Countreys In his time and under his colours Rome was taken and sack'd and the Pope kept prisoner He bought the Lordship of Utrect and Transilvania and annexed them to the rest Solyman the Emperour of the Turks had besieged Vienna but hearing of Charles his approach rais'd his siege and march'd away He overcame the Protestant Princes took the Duke of Saxony and the Landgrave of Hessen He pass'd over into Africa and took the Town of Tunis These are couragious actions but the boldest of all was when he trusted his person in the hands of his mortall enemy Francis the first which was upon this occasion The inhabitants of Ghent were revolted and did desire the French to protect them Charles then in Spain demands passage through France and safe conduct which was ordered and nobly observ'd by Francis who caus'd him to be sumptuously entertain'd all along his journey Being arriv'd in Brabant he found his Rebels ready to submit he receiv'd them to mercy but with very infamous conditions for them by the advice of one of his counsellors who was afterwards banished Flanders for being the author of so severe a proceeding After this having made peace with the other Protestant Princes he came and laid siege to Mets a Town in Lorrain where he was worsted and forced by the valour of the Duke of Guise who was within the Town to retire having lost the greatest part of an Army of a hundred thousand men This so much afflicted the Emperour that he was divers daies before he would be seen in publick and it is thought that from that time forward he fram'd the design of resigning his Crown In pursuance of this resolution he call'd the States to Brussels and there in the presence of his Son having recited his actions and given account of his Government he desir'd to be eas'd of the burden in his old age and so absolv'd them from their Oathes of Allegiance and dispos'd of all in favour of his Son Philip. I desire you said he to obey my Son to keep peace and union amongst your selves to observe your old Religion and to forgive me if I have offended you Then turning to his Son he desir'd him to confer the love he owed him as his Father upon the people His Speech ended with tears in his eyes and drew showers from his spectators and old Servants Philip his Son having kiss'd his Fathers hand commanded Cardinal Granvell because he could not speak French himself to assure the States of his good favour and of the desire he had to follow his Fathers example and instructions Two moneths after he resign'd all his Kingdomes to Philip and sent the Imperiall Crown to his Brother Ferdinand And then Charles who had been one of the greatest Monarchs of the world being become a private person embarqued for Spain in the year 1556. and arrived there in a few dayes passing the rest of his life which was just two years in the solitude of St. Just. In this retir'd place he died in 1558. having enjoyed the Empire thirty six years I have spoke a little more at large of the actions of this Prince than our method bears for two reasons First Because he is the author of many fine Laws and Constitutions which are to this day observ'd in Holland Secondly Because his memorie is yet in great veneration amongst these Nations Some of the Citizens of Utrect having carried themselves very insolently towards him he patiently endur'd the affronts that he might give an example to other Princes how they are bound to observe themselves the Laws they lay upon their people though in this case it were not he but one of his Officers that was in fault It is said that he gave the Citizens of Utrect this priviledge that their estates should not be confiscated though their persons were executed and that for what crime soever but that their heirs may enjoy it in paying five pound fine In all his Wars he had no faithfuller Subjects than the Low-Countrey people witness his own words at Ingolstat where he had like to have been quite oppress'd by the Pretestant Army he still cheer'd up himself and his Souldiers by saying Courage my Low-Countrey Subjects will be here shortly And when he saw them arrive he cryed out with joy We have now vanquished our enemies In his life time Martin Luther began his reformation and had converted the greatest part of Germany to whom the Emperour was forc'd to grant a toleration in matters of
Religion John Calvin likewise writ against the Church of Rome and his books met with as favourable a reception in Holland as Lutheâ—s did in Germany The Emperour endeavoured by strict Edicts to stop the course of this change and recommended to his Son Philip to do so likewise Philip the second King of Spain and Earl of Holland the Thirty fifth In the year 1556. Philip took in hand the reins of Government in the Low-Countreys and made Philibert Duke of Savoy a great and stout Prince his Lieutenant and Governour in all the Low-Countreys The truce that was between France and Spain being broken by reason of the succour which the French sent the Pope Queen Mary of England declar'd War likewise against the French at the instigation of her Husband King Philip. The Duke of Savoy comes into Picardy and defeats entirely the French Army upon St. Laurence day with so great a slaughter of Nobility and Gentry that it astonish'd the whole Kingdome Paris it self being forsaken by its inhabitants was in danger of being lost had the conquerour followed his victory But the Duke of Guise coming out of Italy soon recruited and set a new Army on foot took Caâ—ais in seven dayes time which had been so many hundred years in the power of the English Fortune continuing still averse to the French they received another overthrow in Flanders where the Earl of Egmont behav'd himself as nobly as he had done in the first battell of St. Laurence and was the cause of the winning of the day 'T is true that ten English men of War which happened by chance to be near the shore play'd with their great Guns upon the French Army and much disorder'd it After this Queen Mary of England dying left Philip a widower and he took to his second Wife Isabelle of France Philip before he embarqued for Spain being desirous to provide for the peace and tranquillity of the Low-Countreys made Margaret of Austria Dutchess of Parma and bastard Daughter to Charles the Emperour his Regent and Governess over all the Low-Countreys The Earl of Egmont was made Governour of Flanders and Artois the Duke Mansfield of Luxemburg the Earl William of Nassaw Prince of Orange was made Governour of Holland and Zeland CHAP. VII Containing the memorable Passages under the Government of Margaret of Parma KIng Philip having install'd and setled this Princess in the Government of the Low-Countreys left her at Brussels with an ample power and embarqued at Flushing for Spain After his departure that peace and tranquillity which he left things in lasted not long for what with the discontent of great ones who thought themselves neglected and the jealousies of the people who were afraid of being oppress'd by the Inquisition all men were ready and dispos'd for tumults Adde to this the non-performance of that promise which the King had made at his going away which was to recall all Spanish and forreign Forces out of the Low Countreys The first appearance of sedition was a Petition presented to the Princess by five hundred Gentlemen dress'd like beggars To content them the Spanish Forces were with-drawn and not long after Cardinal Granvell whom they much envied was recall'd But still in every place there was execution done upon those whom they call'd hereticks who by their constant sufferings so animated the people that at last they would no longer endure they should be put to death but rescued them out of the hands of the hang-men by force The King having notice of all order'd that the Councell of Trent should be publish'd in the Low-Countreys the execution of which caus'd more troubles and gave occasion to the Count Egmont to take a journey into Spain there he was very well receiv'd by the King soon dispatch'd and in his return home he brought with him Alexander Prince of Parma Son to the Princess Regent Prince Maurice of Nassaw was born in this year 1565. in which was fram'd the league or confederation of the Nobility which was followed by the revolt and rising of the meaner sort who broke down Images and Altars invaded Monasteries and Nunneries and at last attak'd Towns But their fury was stop'd by the Countrey people called Wallons who fell upon them and routed them The Confederates made a new Assembly at Leege and there the Regent sent to them the Prince of Orange and the Count Egmont to desire them to forbear all new designs They sent her another Petition which she defer'd to answer till the generall Assembly of the Knights of the Golden Fleâ—câ— should be holden In this very year the Prince of Orange the Count Egmond Count Lewis of Nassaw and Horne met at Dondermond to consider whether it were safe for them to let the King who did threaten to appear with an Army come peaceably in or oppose his passage by main force Upon this Consultation the Gentry and the Merchants joyn'd with them and all resolv'd to maintain by force that which they had obtain'd by Petition from the Princess The Prince of Orange his Brother and Hogestract met at Breda and writ to Fgmont to know whether he would joyn with them but he refus'd it In 1567. was struck the first stroke of War between Beauvor for the Princess and the Lord of Tholoze for the Confederates who were routed and their leader kill'd in the sight of the inhabitants of Antwerp who stood upon their Walls and looked on for a while till at last seeing their party worsted they ran to their Arms but were appâ—ased by the Prince of Orange The Princess taking heart at this propos'd a new Oath of Allegiance but it was first refus'd by Brederode and Horn and then by the Prince of Orange himself who forsook all his employments and charges and retir'd with his Brother into Germany Before he went he had a meeting with the Count Egmont and he told him in the presence of Count Mansfield I foresee said he that thou wilt be the Bridge over which the Spaniards will march into the Low-Countreys This departure of the Prince of Orange and his friends did for a time so â—â—artle most of the Towns that they began to ask pardon and submit The small Army which Brederode had gather'd together was routed and dispersed and he forced to fly with his Family into Friezeland This made Holland and Zeland receive Garrisons and drive away the Protestant Ministers insomuch that all was setled again and obedience restor'd to the Prince Hereupon the Princess writ to the King to come in person and by his presence heal up a wound which else might open afresh but Philip glad it may be of this occasion of diminishing the priviledges of his Low-Countrey Subjects sent the Duke of Alva with an Army to execute his commands The Princess soon perceiv'd that the severe proud nature of the Duke would undoe all that her milde temper had made up In effect as soon as he came he clap'd up the Earls of Horn and Egmont
noysom and infectious smell though often it fail too in the great heat of Summer when there is a great calm and no winde stirring We must not omit to speak of the Anatomy-House it being the place that ought most to attract Strangers eyes for the singular curiosities that are in it There you shall see Egyptian Mummiaes Pagan Idols Birds and Beasts brought from China and remoter places whole Skeletons and an infinite number of other things which cannot be here set down no more than viewed in a short time In the forepart of this Church above the Fencing-School that was and is now the English Church there is a fine Library full of all sorts of Books in all Tongues besides the Legacy of great Scaliger which is a number of Hebrew Books all the Manuscripts of the Library of Bonaventure Vulcan and the Books that Golias brought out of the Levant There are other private Libraries which the civility of the owners makes publick and it is not only the Professors but even the Citizens that are curious in Libraries insomuch that if Authors were lost else-where they would soon be restor'd by the Hollanders There are often Libraries publickly sold to them that give most for them and this way of exposing all sorts of Goods to publick sale is very ordinary in Holland and they that buy them have credit for some moneths The City has eight Gates all new with their Bridges The Galleries beyond the Town-Ditch are set with Trees having on one side the Rampart and on the other are the Gardens and Meadows near the Town The City was very un-inhabited for a great while after the siege the Grass did grow in the Streets and most of the Houses were thatch'd but now they are all cover'd with Tile or blew Slate and since the year 1636. this Town is embelish'd and grown better by half in half There is an Hospitall for poor Passengers and decayed old people as also a Bedlam or place for mad folks all being very neatly kept and the sick well serv'd The Orphans Hospitall is a noble Building and of a great extent In it are ordinarily about 500. Children who are taught to read and write and bound Apprentices as they grow up Besides this there are great numbers of Alms-Houses for poor people they call them Hoffies in Dutch the fairest of these is the Papegraft The care that is taken in Holland of such Families as cannot get their living is very remarkable and deserves praise In the Winter time there are deliver'd to them at the publick charge so many Blankets Sheets so much Bread c. to keep them from dying either by cold or hunger They that are either over-burdened with Children or otherwise undone by any accident go to the Masters of the poor and receive relief according to their necessities But this charity is not extended to the poor Catholicks though the gatherings be made generally and from all Religions The number of those that have a share in this charity mounts ordinarily to above 20000. in this City Every quarter the Magistrate goes through the Town having before-hand given notice to the Citizens and makes a collection of what every one is pleas'd to bestow And thus all the poor are so supplied that in any extremity they cannot want Bread and so cannot from their necessity take an occasion of rising This is practis'd through all Holland but no where so exactly as at Leyden In the year 1629. the King of Swedeland having landed an Army in Borussia stopt all the Rivers and hindred the coming of Corn from Poland whereupon Bread grew so dear of a sudden that the common people not being able to go to the price began to mutiny and some of them broke in upon a Baker But immediately the Citizens appearing in Arms dissipated this tumultuous rabble and having whipt two or three of them made the rest go quietly home Then the Magistrates gave out Rye to the Bakers to distribute to such poor as should bring such a mark in testimony of their poverty Every year in April the Magistrates go through all the Town and every one must set forth before his door his Fire-Ladder Buckets and Sayl to the end that if Fire should happen any where it might be readily extinguish'd This is a very laudable custome and observ'd over all Holland All night long in Winter from nine of the clock to four in the morning there are men that go through every Street with a Bell singing the hours and half-hours They are bound to convey to their Lodgings all drunken people and such as have lost their way They take care against Fires give warning to those that have not shut their doors In Summer they begin at ten of the clock and retire at four in the morning They that set upon them or affront them are severely punish'd as was seen lately at the Hague where a great Lord having in drink kill'd one of them was notwithstanding all powerfull intercessions beheaded to be an example to every one else The Magistrates that administer justice are chosen out of the forty Notables all Protestants and rich Citizens Out of these are chosen every year four Bourgemasters at St. Martins Feast in November and seven Aldermen on St. James day in July There is besides another Assembly call'd the Masters of the Pupils and Orphans before whom such Men or Women that have Children but desire to marry again must appear and take their Oath that they have conceal'd no part of their Estate but that their Inventory is good and true and then the Parents are bound to breed them according to their quality and to assign them a summe of Money upon an immoveable proportionable to the principall The Towns has besides its Overseers and Surveyors for Building that when any thing as Bridges or Gates c. requires repair it may be speedily done Every year there are two great Fairs at Leyden during which time no man can be arrested for Debt The chiefest is held on Ascension day and lasts eight dayes Upon the Monday the Citizens meet in the Dozles a place full of Trees where every one may exercise in shooting with Cross-bowes and Bowes and Arrows It is a very pleasant place by reason of the shady Walks and of two good Taverns that are in it in the Windows of one of which are represented all the Earls of Holland down to Philip King of Spain In most of the Towns of Holland there are of these Dozles which shews the warlike temper of these Nations so far as to be able to preserve their liberties In this place the six Companies of Citizens which make near 2000 men do use to train The most ancient Captain has the Van. They appear with great glory and perform their Exercises very well The other Fair is that which us'd to be held in memory of the deliverance of Leyden and was wont to last ten dayes but it is now put down and the Story only
upon the River Yssâ—l upon the conjunction of two Rivers of which the Waters are clear and full of Fish There are many delicious Gardens for the Citizens diversion and the Air is exceeding good In the year 1272. it was built by the Count Florent and adorn'd with many priviledges a 100. years after it was burnt down to the ground as likewise in the year 1420. in the War between Jacqueline of Bavaria and Philip of Burgundy There is a fine Market-place in the middle of which is the Town-house and near it is the great Church which has been twice burnt Before the Wars it us'd to be much admir'd for its Bells as also for the Glass-Windows which are very curiously enamel'd The Air is so good here that the Plague is never in the City there being no standing Waters near it and yet the situation of the Town is such that there is no bringing any Artillery to beat it for the Inhabitants can by their Sluces drown all the Countrey round about Besides it is environ'd with so deep a Ditch that it strikes terrour into a beholder The Citizens are most of them people that search a retreat from the World and love quiet and peace After Leyden 't is the prettiest and wholesomest Town in Holland CHAP. XIV Of Rotterdam THis Town which is now one of the greatest and most Trading-Towns of Holland is nevertheless but the first of the small Towns In 1270. it was first wall'd and 27. years after it was taken by the Flemmings In 1418. Brederode head of the Faction of the Hoves surprized it It is a place that does every day augment and grow bigger by reason of the great resort of Shipping to its Harbour There is made the best Beer in all Holland When the Prince of Orange was in the Field he did use to drink no other than Rotterdam-Beer Some years ago there was an English man of War cast away in the Harbour and since there has been spent a great deal of Money to get it up again but all in vain The great Erasmus so well known 〈…〉 his Learning and Books was born 〈…〉 in 1467 and died at Fryburg in Alsatia there is his Statue in Copper upon the Bridge with his Book in his hand This Town is the next to Amsterdam for Trade and here are to be met with Ships for England Scotland France Spain and the Indies CHAP. XV. Of the small Towns of Holland WIthin half a league of Rotterdam there is a pretty Burrough call'd Delfs-haven so nam'd because that the Duke Albert of Bavaria in acknowledgement of the services he had received from those of Delft granted them the liberty of making a Port from Overschia a Village that is about half way between Delft and Rotterdam The Inhabitants are most of them Seamen and send o 〈…〉 very year great numbers of B 〈…〉 for the fishing of Herring It s 〈◊〉 on is such that with small cost it might be so fortified as to be made impregnable Upon the same River a league off is Schiedam a famous Town for Fishing Vlarding is hard by a small Village but formerly a strong Town the Meuse being a little too near it has devoured a great part of it Masanluys is a fair Burrough two leagues lower the Inhabitants whereof are most Fishermen They that take shipping at the Bril go through this Burrough Having cross'd the Meuse which is above a league broad in this place you come to the Briel which is at the mouth of the River and all Ships that come from Rotterdam pass before it This Town was taken by onset by the Count of Lumay in 1572. and it was the first place that the Water Gueux took from the Spaniards and here were laid the first foundations of that Commonwealth which now flourishes in the Netherlands The Town is populous and the Territory fruitfull in Wheat but the Air is thick and thence proceeds the extream rudeness of its Inhabitants a vice common to all Sea-Towns But let us cross the Meuse again to go to the Hague and in our way see St. Grave-sant a place where formerly the Earls of Holland did use to keep their Court The Countrey round about is very fruitfull in Corn and Pasture-grounds Here are made those green Cheeses which the Hollanders do so much value Not far off is Hontslardick where the last Prince of Orange of glorious memory built a most stately House adorn'd with Walks and Galleries and much visited by Strangers Riisvick is another fair Village where the said Prince has another House in a very pleasant situation among the Meadows and being full in the eyes of those that come from Delft It is full of excellent Pictures of the best Masters of Europe And now let us enter the Hague the delicatest Burrough in the whole World as all those that have seen any thing abroad do willingly confess CHAP. XVI Of the Hague THis place which by the breadth of its Streets the nobleness of its Buildings the pleasant shade of its Trees and the civility of its Inhabitants may justly claim the title of the most pleasant place in the World and make all men envy the happiness of those that live in it has on Delft-side an extent of lovely Meadows and on the other side over against them the sandy Hills that keep in the Sea which is but half a league distant from the Town And upon the shore is Scheveling which furnishes the Câ—tizens with fresh Fish That side which is towards Leyden is a great Wood of Oaks where there is a Park full of Deer the Earls of Holland did formerly reside here and now the Prince of Orange does keep in it a most splendid Court. On one side oâ— this Wood is a great Pond round about which of late are built many noble Houses The Dozles make the corner Prince William laid the first Stone of them himself Behinde the Court over against the other corner is a House built by Prince Maurice of Nassaw in which are the Pictures of most of the Kings of Europe with many rarities from America The Voorhout with the House towards the Princes Palace on the Ponds make the finest part of the Hague Here every evening are seen many Lords and Ladies taking the Air some in their Coaches and some afoot The Jacobins Cloister is still call'd the Cloister-Church There is another Church lately built in a round figure and there is not a fairer out-side in all the 17. Provinces within there is never a Pillar insomuch that the Minister in his Pulpit may be seen and heard by all those that are in the Church The Chappell of the Earls of Holland is now the Frâ—nch Church There are two very fine Piazzaes one before and the other behinde the Princes Palace where all the Houses are like so many Palaces themselves there live the Deputies of the States Generall The Towns have each of them built Houses for their Deputies and that which is for Leyden is to my
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