whan I coÌ„syder and compare my symplenesse and impotence with your preemineÌ„t dignite I fynde myselfe gretly insufficieÌ„t to parforme or attempt any besynesse or warke which I may condynglie present vnto your honorable preseÌ„ce Neuertheles after many coÌ„syderacioÌ„s the gracious regarde of benynge grauite which I beholde in your couÌ„tenance and the euident signes of humilite whiche outwardly apereth radicaâ—e in your noble hert reconforteth myne insufficience inboldeth my spirites some thyng to write my custome whiche I may present into your gracious handes as a perpetual memorial an and euident testimony of my deuout seruice amorous affection against your magnificent hyghnes In this consyderacion I haue reuolued many diuerse volumes studyeng of which one the traÌ„slacion might correspond with your noble estat But at last I haue remeÌ„bred that a mercyal matter is most coÌ„gruent vnto a marcial victorious prince Wherfore I haue attempted to translate into our maternal langage the auncient cronicle famous hystorie of the warre and dyuers batayls which the romayns dyd agaynst the tyran Iugurth vsurper of the kyngdome of Numidy Whiche hystorie is writen in latyn by the ronowmed romayne Salust whose wordes in latyn I haue also added vnto the marge of this my traÌ„slacion to thintent that such as shal dysdayne to rede my translation in englysshe may rede this hystorie more coÌ„pendyously more obscurely writen in laten Which hystorie parauenture shal apere more clere playne vnto theym in many places by help of this my traÌ„slation Which shal nat be tedyous to such as be lerned vndestande latyn but vnto many noble gentylmen whiche vnderstande nat latyn tong ê‘fetly I dout nat but that this my labour shal be both pleasure profet For by the same they shal haue some help toward the vnderstaÌ„dyng of latyn whiche at this tyme is almost conteÌ„ned of gentylmen And also they shal vnderstande a ryght fruytful hystorie bothe pleasant profitable ryght necessary vnto euery degre but specially to gentylmen whiche coueyt to attayne to clere fame and honour by glorious dedes of chyualry But I dout nat but that some calumnyous detractours shal maligne agaynst this my besynes and ê“fitable labour sayeng that to a preest and man ê“fessed to obseruaÌ„ce of religion it is farre coÌ„trary dysagreynge to intermyt hymselfe with warfare or to intermyt with thyngê of batayle outher by dedes counsel or writynge But to stoppe the mouthes of such calumniatours moost souerayne prince mesemeth ryght coÌ„uenient in this place somwhat to write aswel coÌ„cernyng the coÌ„modities laudes of hystories as apertenent vnto myne owne excusacion And first I knowlege it moch more coÌ„uenieÌ„t a preest to arme hymselfe with constance holy scripture purenesse of lyfe radyant vertues and with suche socours armour defended boldely valiaÌ„tly to byd batayle agaynst vycâ—s to pursue the obstinate synners of this worlde And to coÌ„tende also agaynst the temptacioÌ„s of his carnal coÌ„cupisceÌ„ces agaynst these mundayne blandimeÌ„tes delectacions and agaynst his gostely ennemies suggestyoÌ„s For vnder this maner as affermeth the holy man Iob mannes lyfe vpon yerth is but a warfare a very mase of miseries an inâ—ricate circuite of vary able and ineuitable errours For certayne I deny nat but that such ought to be the warfare of a man within holy orders auowed submyt vnto the holy minysteries auters of god But this other temperal warre is permytted vnto wordely lyuers and may nat be omytted namely in this worlde oppressed with tyraÌ„ny of iniuryous and odyous exactors and oppressours whose obstinate presumpcions assautes inuasions can nat otherwyse be repressed than by violence armour batayle vnder ministracion of good and ryghtwyse princes defenders mayntayners of the commen wele Than it is lauful a preest to write suche actes for example of our posterite for perpetual remembrauÌ„ce of the laudes of good princes which haue ben here in erth the scourges of god to correct tyrannes synners But great is the laude many be the coÌ„modities vtilities of hystories An hystore is the recorder of tymes passed the lyght of verite the maistres of mannes lyueng the presydent of memorie the messanger of antiquite And as Titus Liuius recordeth in his prologue the knowledge of hystories among other thinges is most holsome necessary and ê“fitable For euery good example which in them is writen is set for a warnyng monycion vnto princes and gouernours therby to rule order themselfe a coÌ„men wele And euery exaÌ„ple of miserable fortune of tyrannes is set as a monicion for the same gouernours nat to be of tyrannous behauour lest at last they may fal iÌ„to lyke miserable ruyne calamite And also as sayth Cicero a man to knowe nothing of that which was done before his tyme remeÌ„brance that is as who sayth alway to be a chylde But it is a thyng very comely necessary before other to knowe these cronycles noble actes of auncieÌ„t tyme remeÌ„brance to kepe in mynde the order courses of antiquite and to haue in mynd the knowledge of exemples for euery mater purpose For in likewyse as vnto aged men is more credence auctorite gyuen than to yong men bycause of experieÌ„ce of many thyngê So such noble diligeÌ„t myndê as delyteth in redynge hystories may haue knowlege nat onely of the dedes of one mannes lyfe but also of the dedes most famous of al tymes syth creation of the world Wherfor as sayth Dyodorus it is a comely fayre thyng moche necessary coÌ„mendable a man to refourme amende his lyfe by example of an other mannes fautê daÌ„mages Wherfore Demetrius Phalerus the great philosopher often warned counselled the kyng Ptolomy to excercise hymselfe in often redyng of bokes of hystories For in so doynge princes shall fynde writen in bokes before their eyen ryght many thyngê coÌ„cernyng their wele honour fame which their frendê dare nat be bolde to tell them for drede of dysplesure fathermore without the knowlege of hystories neuer man coude become good oratour For as affermeth Quintilian hystories be of such myght and effect that they may norisshe the speche of an oratour withsoft and swete lycour These premisses with otherlyke consydered moost magnificent prince me thinketh it thing nat inconuenient a preest to write of hystories of warre and also me thynke both plesant profitable to noble men to exercyse themselfe in redyng the same For brefely to speke by ryghtwysie batel the lawes of god man be mentayned vice vicious men corrected vertue and good men rewarded and exalted Oure fayth agaynst infideles defended rebellers tyrannes subdued and finally all thyngê directed to due order reduced Fathermore the same redyng of hystores semeth to auayle nat a lytel to the knowledge coÌ„tempt of this transytorie pleasure mundayne mysery of this vncertayne lyfe For whan hystories represeÌ„t before our syght the valyant and bolde herted knyghtes shyning
¶ Here begynneth the famous cronycle of the warre which the romayns had agaynst Iugurth vsurper of the kyngdome of Numidy whiche cronycle is compyled in latyn by the renowmed romayn Salust And translated into englysshe by syr Alexander Barclay preest at coÌ„maundement of the right hye and mighty prince Thomas duke of Northfolke ⸪ ¶ Here foloweth the table of this present hystorie FIrst the preface of Alexander Barclay preest vnto the ryght hye and myghty prinâ—â— Thomas duke of Northâ—olke 〈◊〉 compendyous extract declaryng 〈◊〉 theffect and proces of this present hystorie Fo. primo ¶ The prologe of Salust first coÌ„pyler of this hystorie Fo. iii. ¶ Of what mater Salust intendeth â—o treat in proces of this boke what causes moued hym of suche matter to write The first chapyter Fo. v. ¶ Howe the kynge Massmissa came into fauour of the romayns and how the kyngdoÌ„e of Numidy was gyuen vnto hym The seconde cha Fo. vi ¶ Howe Publyus Scipio couÌ„selled Iugurth at his departyng after the citie of Numance was distroyed The thyrde chapyter Fo. vii ¶ The sentence of the letters sende froÌ„ Scipio vnto the kynge Micipsa in coÌ„mendacion and laude of Iugurth The fourth chapyter Fo. viii ¶ Howe the kynge Micipsa adopted Iugurth vnto his sonne The fyft chapyter Fo. viii ¶ The exhortacion or monicion whiche the kynge Micipsa before his deth gaue to Iugurth The .vi. cha Fo. ix ¶ Howe the kyng Micipsa departed from lyfe and of the first cause and discorde bytwene Iugurth and the sonnes of Micipsa The .vii. cha Fo. x. ¶ How Iugurth by treason slewe Hiempsall the yonger sonne of Micipsa The eyght chapyter Fo. xi ¶ Howe Iugurth ouercame Adherball in batayle and put hym to flight how Adherbal sled to Rome to coÌ„playne to the senatours and how Iugurth acloyed with rewardes many of the rulers of RoÌ„â— by whose meanes his cruelty was defeÌ„ded The .ix. cha Fo. xii ¶ The oration of Adherbal in forme deliberatiue in which he exhorted the senators to coÌ„maunde socours ayde to be assigned to hym ê“uynge the same to be ê“fitable honest easy the romaiÌ„s to do ê“fitable that he might coÌ„tinue a frende to thempire of Rome honest for his father granfather had so deserued easy to be done for the romayns at that tyme had none other warre els where The .x. cha Fo. xii ¶ How thembassadours of Iugurth replyed agaynst the wordes of Adherbal what dyrection was taken for bothe parties of the senatours of Rome The .xi. cha Fo. xv ¶ The discripcion of the habitables partes of the countrey of Affrike namely of such nacions as had amyte or waxre with the romayns The twelft chapyter Fo. xvi ¶ Howe Iugurth inuaded the kyngdome of Adherhal yet ones agayne and how Adherbal agayne was ouercome in batayle and put to flyght The .xiii. cha Fo. xix ¶ Howe the fauourers of Iugurth at Rome laboured so in this cause that thre yong men inexpert and without polycie were sende embassadours into Affâ—ike to cease the strife betwene the two kyngê howe these embassadors retourned to Rome without any thing done The .xiii. cha Fo. xx ¶ The sentence of the leters sent from Adherbal vnto the senatours of Rome what tyme he lay byseged by Iugurth within the towne of Cyrtha The .xv. cha Fo. xxii ¶ Howe the senatours sent newe embassadours to Iugurth commaundynge hym to desyst from persecucion of Adherbal and howe they preuayled nothyng howe the towne of Cirtha was yelded to Iugurth and howe he slewe Adherbal The .xvi. chapyter Fo. xxiii ¶ Howe the senators certyfied of the cruelty of Iugurth prepared and army agaynst hym howe theÌ„bassadors of Iugurth wer nat receyued into Rome and how Calphurniê° the romaine capten was acloyed by bribes of Iugurth The .xvii. cha Fo. xxiiii ¶ Howe the rulers of Rome for the moost part were greuously displeased for grauÌ„tyng of the peace disalowed the same how MeÌ„mius iÌ„flamed the coÌ„men people against the fauourers of Iugurth The .xviii. cha Fo. xxv ¶ The orison of MeÌ„mius had before the coÌ„men people of Rome In whiche orison he induceth theÌ„ to defende their libertie and to represse and prosecute with hatered the noble men of Rome The .xix. cha Fo. xxvi ¶ Howe MeÌ„mius induced the peple of Rome by the sayd orison so that Cassius was sende for Iugurthe to brynge hym to Rome to declare and aâ—â—â—se the supporters of his dedes The .xx. chapyter Fo. xxix ¶ Of the behauour of the soudyours and other whiche were left in Numidyâ— whyle Scaurus the consul was at Rome The .xxi. cha Fo. xxix ¶ Howe Iugurth came to Rome with Cassius and howe he behaued hymselfe there The .xxii. cha Fo. xxix ¶ Howe Iugurth increased his cruel tie at Rome and renued his murdre in sleaynge an other noble man of the stocke of Micipsa by occasion wherof he was constrayned to depart from Rome and the batel renued agayne of hole The .xxiii. cha Fo. xxx ¶ Howe Albynus consul of Rome renued the warre agaynst Iugurth and at last retourned agayne to Rome leuyng his brother Aulus in Numidy with the army in his rowme The .xxiiii. cha Fo. xxxi ¶ Howe Aulus and the romayne army were dyscoÌ„fyted of Iugurth and howe peace was graunted to hym by Aulus to what shame the romayns were put by rasshe folly of the same capitayne Aulus The .xxv. chapyter Fo. xxxii ¶ What sorowe and heuynes was at Rome and how they demeaned them selfe in the cytie after that tidynges herof were brought thyder The .xxvi. chapyter Fo. xxxiii ¶ Wherof the dyscorde and takynge of parties bytwene the noble men and coÌ„mens of Rome had first beginning The .xxvii. cha Fo. xxxv ¶ Howe Metellus was creat consull and sende by the romayns to warre agaynst Iugurth and of the wyse and dyscrete behauour of the same Metellus The .xxviii. cha Fo. xxxvi ¶ Of the behauour of Iugurth agaynst Metellus and how he sende embassadours to Metellus requirynge vnfaynedly to yelde vp the kyngdome of Numidy to thempire of Rome and howe Metellus behaued hymselfe agaynst the same embassadours The .xxix. chapyter Fo. xxxvii ¶ Howe Iugurth prepared and addressed hymselfe agayne to warre what ordynance and polycie he vsed agaynst the newe consull Metellus The .xxx. chapyter Fo. xxxix ¶ Of the firste batayle foughten bytwene Metellus and Iugurth The .xxxi. chapyter Fo. xl ¶ How Bomylchar vndercaptayne of Iugurth and his coÌ„pany were dyscoufyteâ— by Rutilyus vndercapten of Metellus The .xxxii. cha fo xli ¶ What waste and dystruction Metellus made in the lande of Numidy after this firste batayle and flyght of Iugurth and of the gyle of Iugurth agaynst Metellus The .xxxiii. chapyter Fo. xliii ¶ Of the great ioy which was demeaned at Rome for this worthy behauour of Metellus and how he gyded hymselfe and his army to contynue augmeÌ„t this honour which he had goten The xxxxiiii cha Fo. xliiii ¶ How Metellus besyged SaÌ„mam one of the strongest townes of
And in weryenge hymselfe to gete nought els but euylwyll and hatred it is a point of extreme vtter madnes except perchauÌ„ce it be such one whiche hath a dishonest a foule perilous pleasure to cast away for nought his owne worshyppe and libertie for pleasure of a fewe myghty men vsurpers of dominion lordshyp But among all other besinesse which are exercised by maÌ„nes wyt the redyng of hystories the reducyng of the same to memory is moch more necessary ê“fitable to all degrees beryng rule of a coÌ„men we le but most namely vnto priÌ„ces Of power profet coÌ„modite wherof I purpose at this tyme to passe ouer with silence bycause many other authours haue wryten of the same before my tyme. And also that no man shulde suppose my selfe by pride or insoleÌ„ce to bost myne owne study vainly laudyng the same But moch coÌ„trary I beleue rather that some enuious maligners shal be herafter which shall obiect ascribe a name of slouth and negligeÌ„ce to this my labour How great profitable so euer it be that bycause I haue determined to lede my lyfe solitarely ferre from medlyng with the coÌ„men wele Certainly as I suppose they onely shall impute and ascribe suche name to me and to this my laboure whiche thynketh it a moost great singular craft or practised wysdome to wynne beniuolence by salutyng the coÌ„men people and by dyssimulate reuerence done to euery man passyng by them or els to gete fauour by festyng and flateryng the commenty Whiche enuious maligners yf they wolde coÌ„sider bothe in what maner seasons and in what ieopardous tymes I haue obtayned offices and rowmes of auctorite what men wold gladly and yet myght nat obtayne suche rowmes Moreouer yf they call to mynde what maner of men afterwarde came into the order of senatours For certayne if my wyllers consider inediffereÌ„tly these premisses than shall they thinke that I haue chaunged the purpose of my mynde more for cause reasonable and by good aduisemeÌ„t than for slouth cowardise and they shall fynde that more profet shall come to the commen wale by this my study which they count but ydelnes and tyme misspent than of the labour and besynes whiche other men take vpon them fayntly and iniustly administryng the commen wele And they shall fynde that my writing shal proue itselfe more laudable and profitable to the coÌ„mente than theyr vndiscrete gouernaunce For often haue I herde of the famous princes Quintus Maximus Publius Scipio and besyde these of many other ryght famous and worthy men of the citie of Rome which whan they behelde the ymages of theyr forefathers made of stone of waxe or of metall and erect into hye trones in memoriall of the valiaunt and magnificent actes by them done for the commen wele the sayd princes in aduisynge such ymages were wont to say vnto suche as stode nere by them that theyr myndes were gretly kyndeled to vertue and nobles in coÌ„templyng of the same The case is playne that suche figures of metall stone or waxe had nat such operacion nor myght within themselfe But such hygh courage flame was kyndeled and increased in the hardy hertes of such noble men and valiant warrious by remembrauÌ„ce of the glorious dedes of theyr forfathers in theyr lyfe tyme done represeÌ„ted to their memory by such ymages insomoche that this flame kyndled in theyr hertes to vertu coude neuer be slaked nor saciate in them tyll tyme that they were equall with their forefathers in vertu fame and glory Than how moch more ought the clere descripcion of hystores to kyndell vnto boldnes and vertu the myndes of noble men by redyng of the same But moche contrary if we aduert the worlde as it is now among all men which lyue and conforme themselfe to the maners vsed nowe adayes where shall we fynde one but that wyll striue and contende with theyr forefathers to ouercome them other in couetise superfluous riches or els in prodigalite wastfull expences and nat in honest and laudable lyfe good excercices and diligence And moreouer gentylmen of the first heed which were wont to preuent auncient noblemen ascende vnto vertu nobles by vertuous maners such laboure now to lordshyp honour and authorite by fraude falshode rather than by very vertu or good meanes laudable After suche maner as if the office of a hye Iuge of a Tresourer a CoÌ„sull a Prouost and all such other great offices were noble and excelleÌ„t of themselfe And nat in maner as if suche offices shulde be counted of worthynes and dignite after as the vertue and honour is of suche as rule in the same offices and hy rowmes But playnly affirmyng the treuth the man maketh the office noble worshypfull yf his maners shyne by vertue But yf his conuersacion be contrary no office no rowme can make hym noble nor worshypfull But this omittynge I haue proceded in this prologue with ouer ferre circuÌ„staunce and also with somwhat to moche libertie of wordes more than in a preface is requisite for that it pyteeth me of these tedious maners of this oure cite of Rome But nowe wyll I come to my mater purposed and first interpryse begon ¶ Of what mater Salust intendeth to treat in proces of this boke and what causes moueth hym of suche mater to write ¶ The fyrst chapter IN this warke I purpose to wryte of the warre whiche the Romayns had and executed agaynst the tyranne Iugurth wrongfully vsurpynge the name of a kynge ouer the lande of Numidy Many causes moueth me by writynge to commende this warre to perpetual memory First for that in the same was foughten at many tymes with great multitude of men on eyther partie with moche cruell murdre and variable victory the Romains somtyme somtyme the Iugurthins preuaylyng in victory Forthermore bycause that first at this batayle from thens forwarde the commen people of Rome matched with the princes resistynge theyr pride For where as before this tyme the noble men of Rome oppressed and subdued the commens with vnreasonable rigoure the commens elect one named Marius a man of basse byrth to be coÌ„sull of Rome and captaine in this batayle whiche after he had obtayned victory ouer Iugurth with great glory triumphe fauour of the commontie he supported them in such wyse agaynst the noble men that of the same rose a ciuile bataile greuous discorde bytwene the noble men and coÌ„mens of Rome Marius maintenyng the coÌ„mens partie Silla susteyning the partie of the noble men Insomoch that finally bytwene these two ê‘ties captayns of the same was foughten an vnkynde vnnaturall cruel batel to the greuous ruine of the Romayne empire subuercion of the coÌ„men wele Which coÌ„tencion and variaunce confounded bothe the lawes of god and man and by the same were all good ordinauÌ„ces disordred And this same furious debate foly proceded at last to so vnresonable madnesse and excecate fury that
clokyng of these his fautes After this Emilius Scaurê° sawe his gyueng of brybes of Iugurth so shamfully openly knowen he fered lâ—st the corrupcion of the senatours heed rulers of Rome myght ingeÌ„der enuy debate slaughter bytwene them the coÌ„mens lyke as in suche cases often had fortuned iÌ„ tymes before Wherfore in this coÌ„sideracion he refrayned his mynde at this tyme from his accustomed vnlaufull lustes Neuertheles among the senators in this couÌ„sell the worst part preuayled and that part which set more by fauour rewardes than by right equite ouercam the other part which labâ—ured to sustayne the right wtout any fauour or parcialite And so the fauourers of Iugurth optayned theyr purpose his cruelte had no punysshmeÌ„t Neuertheles it was coÌ„cluded decreed that .x. embassadors shuld be sent into Numidy to diuide the kyngdome which longed to Micipsa bytwene Iugurth Adherbal The principal of this embassade was one named Lucius Opimius a man of noble fame of great authorite power among the senatours in those dayes what tyme Caius Gracchus Marcus Fuluius great fauourers of the coÌ„mens were slayne of the noble men of Rome for the same cause After victory of the noble men agaynst the coÌ„mens the same two princes this Lucius Opimius enraged greuously with rigorous sharpe inquisicions examinacioÌ„s agaynst the poore coÌ„mente And was one of the chefe oppressers of them What tyme this Lucius Opimiê° with his coÌ„pany was come to Numidy Iugurth prepared to attempt his old craftes And howbeit he had founde the same Lucius for one of his ennemies at Rome neuertheles he receyued hym worshypfully with great diligeÌ„ce And with gyueng ê“misyng many thyngê he brought his purpose so to effect that this Lucius at coÌ„clusion preferred the fauour profet of Iugurth before his owne good name fidelite brefely before all thyngê belongyng to hymselfe This brought to passe anone he went in hand with the other of the embassadors after the same way many of theÌ„ he wan ouercaÌ„e with gyftes very fewe of them were which set more by theyr fayth treuth than by money rewardes of Iugurth Wherfore whaÌ„ it was come to limitacion separacion of the lande of Numidy bytwene Adherball Iugurth as the sayd embassadors were coÌ„maunded of the senatours that part of the kyngdome which marched toward Mauritany or the lande of the Mauriens beyng most opulent and plentyfull of fruitfull fyldes and of men was gyuen to Iugurth but the other part which was more pleasant than ê“fitable as ornate without hauyn townes and fayre edifyces was coÌ„mytted to possession of Adherball ¶ Nowe for asmoche as in this hystory before most of all in sequele and ê“cesse of the same hath shal be made mencion of many places townes of Affrike to thintent that thystory may be more clere and euident me thynketh it requisite and conuenient brefely to describe the sytuacion of Affrike and a lytell to touche those peoples and countreis whiche with the romayns had at any tyme amite or frenshyp other peace or warre But suche places and nacions whiche for heat and wyldernes be lytell frequented of people or nat inhabited of them it is nat easy to describe nor declare the truth for by difficulte of the places fewe or none resorteth thyder perfetly to knowe the same But the other partes frequented of people I shall as brefely declare as can be touched ¶ The descripcion of the habitable parties of the countrey of Affrike namely of suche nacions as had amyte or warre with the Romayns ¶ The .xii. chapter IN diuision of the circle of the worlde the opinion of most writers is that it is diuided into thre partes Europe Asy Affrike A fewe other authours hold opinion that it is deuided onely into two partes that is to say Asy Europe so that vnder climate of the part whiche is called Europe the thirde part named Affrike is coÌ„preheÌ„ded But this last opinion is leest alowed This countrey of Affrike hath his bondes on the see of Italy on the West part and on the occean see it abordeth partly on the same syde on the Est part therof is a declinyng pendant valey tyght ample large ThinhabytauÌ„tes of this valey call it Cathabathmon in theyr affrike langage that is to say in englyssh a dependaÌ„t valey On this Est syde the see is outragyous cruell perilous wtout any sure hauen but the fyldes soyle on this part ar plentyfull of corne and for all maner beestes is good pasture but the soyle is nat apt to trees beryng frute of water is scarcite bothe of rayne water of water springyng of the erth The disposicion of the people is holsome of body swyft may well endure labour Insomoche that the most part dye for extreme age saue suche as be slayne with wepyn or deuoured of wylde beestê For it is nat often sene the corruption of humours ingendring any infirmite bryngeth to deth In this couÌ„trey be also many rauynous beestes of diuers kyndes deuourynge all thyng which they may ouercome But this omityng I wyll nowe brefely declare what maner people first of all inhabited this countrey of Affrike and what people thyther resorted to inhabite next after them And howe thesame peoples were myngled togyder Howebeit that whiche I shall write is moche diuers from the commen fame and opinion of many men neuerthelesse I shall folowe the bokes writen in Affrike langage which as it is sayd belonged to the yong prince Hiempsall whome Iugurth murdred of the same bokes I shall folowe the true interpretacion in this mater and lyke as the inhabitauntes of the same countrey afferme to be true But touchynge the very credence of the treuth of the mater I report that to the authours ¶ The first people whiche inhabited the countrey of Affrike were named Getulians LybeaÌ„s a people hard sharpe vnmanerd These lyued of flesshe of wyld beestê fedde vpon the grouÌ„de as beestê vnresonable And were nat ruled by any maners but lyued wtout lord or lawes as vagabuÌ„des rouers They had no certayn byding placê but wher as the nyght toke theÌ„ ther they rested for the tyme. But after that Hercules dyed in Hispayne as the AffricaÌ„s say his army which was asseÌ„bled of dyuers nacions whan their captayne and heed was lost dispersed themselfe abrode anone after his deth and came to dyuers places of the worlde to seke theyr fortune where they myght optayne any habitacion or lordshyppe Of whiche company the Medeans Perseans and Armenyans arriued with theyr shyppes in that coost of Affrike which was nerest to the empire of Rome and longe tyme after occupied those costes But the Persyans inhabited themselfe more inwarde in the countrey towarde the occean see and in stede of houses they tourned theyr shyppes botomes vpwarde and dwelled vnder the same And no maruayle for in the countre about them grewe no tymber