Sclauonians against the Epirotes A reprehension of the Epirotes Some Gaules banisht theirâ— Countrey for their disloyalty The Illirians are Sclauonians The Romans Embassie to Teuca Queene of Sclauonia A bold answer of an Embassadour Durazo surprized by the Sclaâ—oniâ—â—s Corsue besieged by the Sclauonians A Victory of the Sclauonians against the Acheins Corfu yeelded Corfu yeelded to the Romans Apolonia yeelded to the Romans Parthenia yeelded to the Romans An accord made with Tâ—uca Carthagena built in Spaine by the Carthaginians A treaty made betwixt the Romans and Carthaginianâ— A description of Italy The fertillity of Ital. About three pence A pâ—ice hard to be credited The Turinois and Agoniens The Genouois The Poe. Volane Padoua Bodencus The Venetiens come from Paphlagoniâ— The Gaules manner of liuing Rome taken by the Gaules The Gaults returne against the Romans Pillage made by the Gaules vpon the Romans Diuers victories of the Gäules against the Romans A defeate and ruine of the Senogallois by the Romans The scituation of Senogallia The Bolonians defeated by the Romans A defeat of the Gaules in Delphos King Etas and Gastus slaine The occasion to renew the Warre betwixt the Romans and Gaules The Gaules were seauen moneths within Rome Amazement of the Romans for the descent of the Gaules A descent of the Transalpins into Italy The number of the Gaules Army The diligence of the Romans The preparation which the Romans made for Warre The number of Souldiers which were raised in Italy Tuscany ruined by the Gaules The pollicy of the Gaules A Victory of the Gaules against the Romans The aduice of Aneâ—oeste The retreate of 〈◊〉 Gaules The pursuite of Emilius Caius Attilius The order of the Gaules battell Caius Attilius slaine The battell of the Foot-men The defeate of the forlorne hope of the Gaules The Armes which the Gaules did vse A defeate of the Gaules Army The taking of King Congâ—llitane The death of King Aneroeste The Bolonians Country spoyâ—led The Boloniansâ— yeild to the Romans The Army of the Milannois The vneasinesse of the Gaules Swords A Victory of the Romanes against the Millannois The Gessates dwell on this side the Rhâ—ne Acerras besieged Clâ—stidium besieged A defeate of the Gaules by the Romans Acerras taken by Cornelius The Grecians terrified by the Gaults Asdrubal slaine All Morâ—a reduced into â— league The Name of the Acheiâ—s well entertayned in Morea The Pythà gorians burnt in Italy The Lacedemonians and Thebains Arate A league betwixt the Dymensorins and them of Patra Tisamenes Sygus The alliance of twelue Citties The beginning of the league Iseas King Geryneâ— Arate The Fort of Corinthe taken by Arate Lysidas Aristomacus Xenon Cleomines The enuy of the Etolienâ— against the Acheins Antigonus Tutour to Phiâ—ips Sonne Athenes The Cleomenique Warre A good confideration of Arate The nature of Kings Nicophanes Cercides A good inuention of Arate The fore-sight of Arate Diuers defeatâ— of the Achâ—â—â— Acrocâ—rinthe yeelded to Antigonus Reuolte of Aripote of Argos Argos taken by the Acheins Acrocorinthe taken by Antigonus Tegee yeelded vnto Antigonus Orchomene taken with other Townes Megalopolin razed Thearce The duty of a Historiographer What is required in a Tragedy The reuolte of the Mantiniens The courteous vsage of Arate to the Mantinienâ— The great villany committed by the Mantinienâ— The Mantiniens sold. Aristâ—macus The cruelty of Aristomacus Aristoâ—acus strangled The great 〈…〉 Megalopolitains The third part of the booty is due to the Generall The pillage of Mantinia came to ninescore thousand Crownes An Aâ—â—y leuied by Cleomenes Antigonus blamed The number of Nations which were in Antigonus Army Sellasia Eua. Olympus Euclide Antigonus Campe seated vpon the Bankes of Gorgile The order of Antigonus Battell The courage of Philopomene is the cause of the Victory Philopomene The victory of Antigonus agâ—inst Clâ—omeâ—es Lacedemon taken by Antigonus Sparta or Lacedemon The Victory of Antigonus against the Sclauonians The Death of many great Princesâ— The Countries conquered by the Romanes Hiâ—ron The Warres which Antiâ—chous and Philip made Attalus Mount Taurus Eumenides Ariarate Morea The Conquest of the Romanes in 53. yeares Polybius hath beenâ— preâ—ent at a great part of the things which he hath written Demetrius lost his Râ—â—lme and life by conspiracy Thâ— desire and affection of the Authour vpon the end of his Booke The beginning of a worke and the cause 〈◊〉 The eauses of Alexanders Warre in Persia Agesilaus Phillip The cause of the Etoliens Warre against the Romans A good comparison Fabius The Warre of Hannibal continued 17. yeeres The first cause of the Warre betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians The fore sight of Amilcar Father to Hannibal Sardinia abandoned by the Carthaginians The second Cause The third Cause Antiochu san Enemy to the Romans Hannibal his speech to Antiochus Hanibal swears that when hee came to age he would be an enemy to the Romanes Asdrubal sonne in Law to Hannibal A good consideration and necessary for al Gouernours The causes of the Carthaginians hatred Neuer Commaunder did any thing worthily which was not pleasing to the Souldiers Carteia taken by assault Countries conquered by Hannibal The Toletains The riuer of Tagus Hanibals victory vppon the Barbarians An Army of a hundred thousand men An Embassie from the Romanes to Hannibal Hannibals answer to the Roman Embassadours Demetrius King of Sclauonia The scituation of Sagont The discretion of the head of an interprize Sagont forced by Hannibal Demetrius fortefied Dimale The arriuall of Emilius into Sclauonia The Towne of Sclauonia reduced to the Romane obedience The warlike pollicy or Emilius The victory of the Romans vpon the Sclauonians Demetrius a man of great courage and little iudgement The Towne of Phare razed Roman Embassadours sent to Carthage Hanno's answer to the Romane Embassadours The Temple of Iupiter Capitolinus The Romane tongue changed The first accord betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians I conceiue that this Promontory is that which they call the Promontory of Mercure in Affricke where as now the Citty Clipca stands The Promontory of Beauty The second Accord Other Articles past betwixt the Romanes the Carthaginians The third Accord The manner of Swearing of the Romanes Carthaginians in their treatiâ—s Phisinus a Historiographer Another accord made betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians Another accord Another accord made with Asdrubal The causes propounded by the Romans for the Warre The Sagontins Allied a long time with the Romances The opinion of Polybius in the diligence of a History Polybius hath made forty Bookes The Roman Embassadours signifie Warre vnto the Carthaginians The order which Hannibal gaue for the defence of Spaine The equipage of Warre as well for Sea as Laâ—d left in Spaine by Hannibal to Asdrubal his Brother The number of Hannibals Army in a Table of Copper seene by Polybius The Oration which Hannibal made to his Souldiers The number of Horse and Foot which were in Hannibals Army at his parting from Spaine The number of men which Hannibal
a Beast nor finally any thing that holds of it Beleeue mee in times past Men did not feede their vnderstandings with dreames nor fables inuented in barbers-shops without any colour of Truth It is impossible an ignorant Master should make a learned disciple Finally they are discourses fit for old womens tongues to entertaine little children whilest that for weakenesse of their Age their vnderstanding hath no apprehension nor sufficient Iudgement of reason Wherefore wee may with reason say that such as coâ—sume their yeeres and grow old in such dreames haue a will to continue still children And although they commonly saie that warre is mannaged by the eye So as it seemes they will thereby inferre that wee must not thinke of it but when necessity doth force vs And that peace should procure no benefit to a Souldier but idlenesse yet he must fore-see long before part of that which afterwards he must gouerne by the eye And as a horse which is pampered and not ridden growes restit and proues vnprofitable to his Master for trauaile so the vnderstanding of a souldier idle during peace or fed with dreames and foolish inventions will faile him at neede and in the end purchase him dishonour and shame Yet do not imagine my Masters that I haue vsed this speech as blazoning you and holding you for men of so poore an Enterprize whose principall study and affections is the reading of such Bookes rather then in some worthy recreation and exercise My meaning was onely to aduertise you that Histories from whence with pleasure you may draw great profit as these are which this Historiographer imparts vnto you ought to bee in greater recommendation than those Fables which haue no gracâ— but when they are most without reason or any shew of truth Finally I hope you shall finde such sufficiencie in our Polybius as you will make no question to preferre him as the paragon before all others aswell Greekes as Latines which are come to the knowledge of men Of whom I haue presumed to translate in the best sort I could those fiue first Bookes which of Fourty which hee hath written haue beene preserued halfe ruined by the negligence of time Hoping you will receiue them as willingly as I offer them with a good heart When as after the Printing of these fiue first Bookes I had recouered some Latine Translations of three parcels of the sixt whereof the first and the third had not any GREEKE Coppie And likewise afterwards another of the sixteenth both in Latine and Greeke I imployed my selfe to put them into French adding thereunto the forme of the Romanes Campe as I could coniecture it by the discription which Polybius maker in the parcell of the sixt Booke And when as the Printers successor had a desire afterwards to print the whole and intreated mee to spend some time in the Remainder of that which was newly published of Polybius his workes which are certaine parcells and as it were Reliques besides the aboue named of the seuenth and eighth and of all the subsequent Bookes vnto the seauententh inclusiue it was not in my power to deliuer him any other but those of the seuenth and eighth being afflicted with a quartane Ague besides his obstinacy in vsing a small Character for the sparing of Paper distasted mee Expecting that which afterwards followed that few men would rest satisfied for that all things how good and excellent soeuer are thereby found without grace dull and vnpleasing For this cause desiring that so excellent a writer should not remaine disdained and without grace for want of an honourable Impression and that the studioâ—s of Histories should bee the more incouraged I resolued to adde the remainder of that which at this day is come to our knowledge assuring my selfe that the Printer for his part will haue a care that for the sauing of his money hee will not doe wrong to his honour nor loose his charges instead of gaine TO GOD alone be all honour and glory The Printer to the READER COurteous Reader I desire your charitable censure in that there bee some litterall faults escaped to the griefe of the Author being not able to attend the Presse and likewise being absent at that time from London and hauing but a yong Corrector which took too much vpon him Errata PAge 27. line 21. for report read support p. 27. l. 9. for wridgt r. rigg p. 33. l. 28. for ready the r. ready for the p. 34. l. 27. for nor bee r. nor to bee p. 35. l. 39. for them r then p. 40. l. 19. â—or yet began r. yet it began p. 45. l. 38. for had been r. had not been p. 51. l. 44. for Hanniball r. Aâ—iâ—car p. 62. l. 37. for Arcanians r. Acarnaniens p. 68. l. 18. for â—ssâ—ire r. Assiâ— p. 79. l. 37. Rhine r. Rhosne p. 105. l. 30. r. time to passe p. 133. l 7 for and past r. be past p. 131. l. 4. r stuffâ— their plaies p. 132. l. 38. r. strucke dead or hurt p. 1â—5 l. 47. r. Romanes l. 18. r. vnto the Adriatiqâ—e p. 177. l 20. r. 〈◊〉 as without p. â—â—6 l. 43. r. in common assemblies l. 45. r. dancas p. 189. l. 12. r. raiseth his Campe p. 193. l. 44. r. did not openly p. 194. l. 15 r. creat a King p. 198 l. 9. r. with great ships p. 220. l. 24. r to bring him p. 230. l. 40 r. not executed p. 23â— l. 28. r. against them p. 240. l. 2. 1. no way p 246. l. 10. r. which the 〈◊〉 p. 249. l. 25. borne away by the riuer â—bid l. 38 r. was p. 254. l. 44. 1. parted from Lydiâ— p. 264. l. 3. r. as his p. 266. l. 46. r. arriued p. 267. l. 38. r. which Ptolomy was p. 274. 134. r. of the Phanâ—tensiâ— p. 278. l. 6. r. greater danger p. 279. l. â—3 r. for all them which THE FIRST BOOKE of the History of POLYBIVS IF the Commendation of the excellency of Histories had beene omitted by such as before vs haue written the Worth and Prowesse of Men happily it should bee necessary to vse some Arguments to make it to be generally Accepted and Receiued For that there is no way more easie to reforme and better Men then the Knowledge of things past But seeing that not onely some but in a manner all begin thereby and finish it amply so as they are of Opinion that the Knowledge of Histories is a true Discipline and Exercise for the Conduct and manâ—aging of the Affaires of a Common-wealth and that she onely is the Mistris and meanes to beare the Variety and inconstancy of Fortune patiently by reason of the example of another mans aduersities it is apparent that no man will hold it necessary to renew the Discourse of things which haue formerly beene so well deliuered by others Especially by me to whom the newnesse of Actions whereof wee intend to Write is much more then sufficient to perswade and draw the hearts of men
aswell both Young and Old to read our History For where is any man so depraued or silly which desires not to vnderstand the meanes and manner of Gouernment by the which the Romans haue subdued and brought vnder their Obedience in a manner all the Nations of the World within the space of fifty and three yeares the which in former times was neuer heard of Or what is he so much giuen and desiring to know other things worthy of admiration and other Disciplines but will conceiue that there is not any thing in this world worthy to be preferred to this knowledge I hope they will see how great and excellent our Worke is if wee make comparison of other Principalities with the excellency of the Romane Empire and namly of those which haue beene in great honour and glory whereof Historiographers haue written much Behold those which are most worthy to be compared The Empire and power of the Persians for a time hath beene great but whensoeuer they did aduenture to passe the bounds and limits of Asia they were in danger to lose not onely their Empire but their liues The Lacedemonians made a long warre for the Empire and command of Greece but they could hardly keepe it twelue yeeres quiet after their Conquest It is true the Macedonians haue domineer'd and rul'd in Europe from Adria to the Danowe which is but a small portion thereof And since they haue held the Empire of Asia after they had ruined the Monarchy of the Persians And although that these haue in shew beene great Lords and enioyed large aud spacious Countries yet they neuer toucht the greatest part of the World As for Sicily Sardinia and Affricke they neuer made shew to challenge any thing In regard of other Nations the most Martiall of Europe and the most Westerne they hardly in my opinion did euer know them But the Romans haue not onely conquered a part of the World but in a manner all They may also know by our sequell how great the profit will be to such as affect the knowledge of History Finally the beginning of our Worke shall be according to the time since the hundred and eight and forty Olimpiade As for the Actions and first of the Grecians wee will begin with the sociall warre the which Philip who was Sonne to Demetrius and Father to Perseus attempted first with the Acatans against the Etâ—lians and in regard of those which inhabite Asia the beginning shall be at the Warre which was in the Valley of Syria betwixt Antiochus and Ptolome Philopater But as for Italy and Affricke wee will begin with that betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians which many call the warre of Hanniball The History shall begin at the end of that which Sicionius hath left in writing Before these times the affaires of the world were without Ciuillity Since it hath happened that the History is in a manner drawne all into one and that the actions of Italy and of Affricke are mingled with those of Greece and Asia and that all tended to one and the same end And therefore wee haue begun our worke in those times when the Romans had vanquished the Carthaginians in this war thinking they had performed their greatest taske and to be able to assaile the whole world they presumed presently after to fall vpon the rest and to passe into Greece and Asia with great forces But if we had seene and knowne the manner of liuing and the Lawes of Common-weales contending for the Monarchy happily it would not be needfull to make any great search to what end nor vpon what power relying they haue entred into such great actions But for that the manner of liuing the precedent forces and the actions of the people of Rome and Carthage are vnknowne to the greatest part of the Grecians I haue held it necessary to make these two first Bookes before I enter into the History to the end they should haue no occasion to wonder nor inquire in reading our Worke what Councell what Forces and what Treasure and Wealth the people of Rome had to vndertake the warre and conquest of the whole Earth and of all our Sea Considering that they which shall require it shall see plainely by these first Bookes of our Preparation that the Romans had reasonable cause to vndertake the Empire and Soueraignty of all things and to attaine vnto their ends Beleeue that the proper obiect of our Worke and the excellency of the Actions of our time consists principally in this that as Fortune hath in a manner reduced all the affaires of the world into one and hath forced them to draw to one and the same end So the force which shee hath vsed for the perfection of all publicke gouernment must be reduced and propounded to the Reader in one briefe History This hath chiefely incited and vrged mee to the enterprise thereof especially for that none of our time hath vndertaken to write a generall History neither would wee haue attempted it But seeing that many had written some particular Warres and their priuate Actions and that no Man to my knowledge hath hitherto made an vniuersall and generall commemoration of things past neither when nor how they began nor how they were executed and performed nor what issue they had I conceiued it would be well done if by our meanes our Countrey-men might read a worke of Fortune excellently good and profitable For although shee had done excellent things and worthy of admiration among man yet shee hath not done any thing vnto this day nor purchased the glory of victory comparable to our times The which they that haue written the particular Histories cannot make knowne but that some one who peraduenture for that hee had liued in some renowned Towne or for that they had seene them in picture imagine presently they know them and consequently the scituation the forme and the order of the World the which is not probable nor likely They which are of Opinion that a particular History is sufficient for the vnderstanding of the generall in my Opinion stray no lesse from the truth then if some one considering the parts separated of a liuing Body thinke by this meanes to haue the knowledge of all the perfections and graces of the Creature There is no doubt but if any one takes these distinct and separated parts and doth presently ioyne them together and make a perfect Creature giuing it forme and life and then presents it vnto him hee will soone confesse that hee hath beene deceiued like vnto them that dreame It is true we may haue some apprehension of the whole by the parts But it is not possible to haue a true and certaine Science and Knowledge And therefore you must imagine that a particular History is of small vse for the knowledge of the generall And that by the câ—nnexion comparison and similitude of actions there will be no Man found who in reading will not reape singular profite
and pleasure by History Wee will therefore make the beginning of this Booke at the first Voyage which the Romans made by Sea which is subsequent to those things which Timerus hath last written which was in the hundred and nine and twentieth Olimpiade We must therefore relate how and what time they ended their Quarrels in Italy and what meanes they had to passe into Sicily For this is the first voyage they euer made out of their Territories whereof wee must set downe the reason simply and without disguising to the end that by the search from one cause to another the beginning and consideration of the whole may not proue doubtfull The beginning also must bee agreeable to the Time and Subiects and that it be knowne to all the which they may consider by themselues yea in seeking out those things which were past long before and in the meane time relate the Actions summarily For it is certaine that the beginning being vnknowne or obscure its continuance cannot perswade nor purchase beleefe But if the Opinion of the beginning be true then all the subsequent Narration doth easily content the Auditors eare Nineteene yeeres after the battell wone vpon the Riuer Aegos and sixteene yeeres before the Warre of Leuctra where the Lacedemonians treated a peace with Anâ—alcides King of Persia when as Denis the old held the Citty of Rhegium in Calabria besieged after that hee had defeated the Grecians inhabiting vpon the limits of Italy neere vnto the Riuer of Elleporis and that the Gaules hauing wholy ruined Rome held it except the Capitall During which time the Romans hauing made an accord with them which they found good and profitable and had recouered their liberty contrary to their hope and expectance and had in a manner taken a beginning of their increase they declared Warre against their Neighbours As soone as the Latins had beene vanquished aswell by their prowesse as by the fortune of the Warre they turned their Armes against the Tuscans then to the Celtes which are in Italy and finally vpon the Samnites which confine the Region of the Latins towards the East and North. Sometime after the Tarrentines seeing the outrage which they had committed against the Romane Embassadours not relying much vpon their owne forces they called in King Pyrrhus the yeere before the Descent of the Gaules into Italy and before the Retreate of those which were defeated in Battell neere vnto Delphos Then the Romans after they had vanquished the Tuscans and Samnites and beaten the Celtes often began to make warre against the rest of Italy not as contending for another mans Lands but as for their owne and formerly â—â—â—onging vnto them being now growne warlike by the Warres which they had had against the Celtes and Samnites The Romans then after that Pyrrhus and his forces had beene chased out of Italy taking this Warre to heart they pursued such as had followed his party Being suddainly become Maisters of all according to their desires and that all Italy was wholy subdued except the Celtes they presently besieged some of theirs which held Regium One and the like fortune befell two Citties scituated vpon the Straight of that Sea that is Messina and Rhegium Some Campanois hauing beene lately in pay with Agathocles in Sicily wondring at the beauty and wealth of Messina they suddainly when they found an opportunity assailed it breaking their Faith they hauing beene receiued into it by Friendship where they expell'd some of the Cittizens and slew others After which wicked act they shared their Wiues and Children among them as their fortunes fell out during the Combate Then they diuided their goods and lands But after this suddaine and easâ—e Conquest of so goodly a Countrey and City they soone found others that did imitate their villanies They of Rhegium amazed with the descent of Pyrrhus at such time as he past into Italy and fearing in like manner the Carthaginians being then Maisters of the Sea they craued a Garrison and men from the Romans Those which they sent vnto them were to the number of 4000. vnder the command of Decius the Campanois they kept the Towne for a time and their faith in like manner with the Cittizens in defending them but in the end moued by the example of the Mamertins who solicited them to coÌ„mit this base act they falsified their faith being aswell incited by the opportunity of the deed as by the wealth of Rhegium and chased away some Cittizens and slew others finally they seased vpon the Citty as the Mamertines had done And although the Romans were discontented at the misfortune of the Rhegins yet they could not relieue them for that they must settle an order for their precedent VVarres But after they had ended them they besieged them of Rhegium and afterward they entred it by force whereas many were slaine who being certaine of the punishments they were to endure defended themselues valiantly to death Aboue three hundred were taken aliue who presently after their comming to Rome the Commanders of the VVarre commanded them to be brought into the Market-place where they were whipt and in the end their heads strooke off after the manner of the Countrey They did vse this punishment to the end that their Faith as much as might be possible might be confirmed towards their confederates Presently after they caused the Towne and Countrey to be deliuered to the Rhegins But whilest that the Mamertins youmust vnderstand that the Campanois caused themselues to be so called after the taking of Messina were relieued by the Romans which held Rhegium by force they not onely enioyed the Countrey and Towne peaceably but they committed great spoiles vpon many other Townes their Neighbours aswell of the Carthaginians as of Saragosse otherwise Siracusa The greatest part of Sicily was tributary vnto them But soone after when they were depriued of those succours and that they which held Rhegium were besieged they were in like manner by them of Saragosse for the causes which follow As a little before the men of warre of Saragosse camping neere vnto Mergane being in dissention with the Goutrnours of the Common-weale they chose for their Captaines Artemtdore and Hieron who afterwards was their King being yet very young But finally so well endowed with all the graâ—es of Nature and Minde as hee wanted no Royall conditions but the Crowne Hauing accepted the Magistracy and made his entry into the Towne very well accompanied by his Friends where hauing vanquished the Burgesses of the contrary faction hee vsed the Victory with so great clemency and modesty as by a common consent of all in generall he was chosen their Commander although they did not allow of the Election made by the Souldiers It is true that Hieron made knowne to men of iudgement and vnderstanding that he had conceiued greater designes in his minde then to be their Leader First knowing well that the Saragossins were mutinous and desirous
wonder when as we speake of Townes of Note if happily wee seeke for things farther off in that which we shall relate hereafter For we doe it to the end that our beginnings and grounds may be such as they may plainly vnderstand the meanes and reasons by the which euery Citty is come to the estate wherein it now stands the which we haue done here of the Romans It is now time that in leauing this Discourse we returne to our designe in shewing first summarily and briefely the things happened before the times whereof we meane principally to Write Among the which the Warre betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians in Sicily is the first then followed the Punique In the which the deeds first of Amilcar then of Asdruball are ioyned with those of the Carthaginians At what time the Romans began first to sayle into Slauonia and other parts of Europe Moreouer their Battels against the Gaules who at that time made a discent into Italy The Warre also which was in Greece at the same time called Cleomenique to the which all this relation and the end of the second Booke tend Finally I haue not held it necessary nor profitable for the Reader to relate things in particular Neither is it my intention to Write them but onely to touch that summarily which may concerne our History And therefore in relating briefely we will indeauour by an order of continuation to ioyne vnto the beginning of our History the end of those Actioâ—s which we shall deliuer by way of preparation By this meanes in continuing the order of the History they shall see we haue toucht that which others haue left in Writing and also made an easie and open way for all subsequent things to those which desire to know It is true that weâ— haue had a speciall desire to write somewhat at large this first Warre of the Romans in Sicily against the Carthaginians for that they shall hardly finde a longer Warre nor greater preparations and expence nor more encounters nor greater diuersity of fortune on eyther side For these two Nations in those times liued in their lawes with meane wealth and equall forces Wherefore if we shall consider the Forces and Empire of these two Citties we cannot so well make a Comparison by the other subsequent Warres as by this But that which hath most incited me to write this Warre was for that Philinus and Fabius who are esteemed to haue written well haue in my Opinion strayed too much from the truth Yet I would not taxe them to haue done it maliciously considering their life and intention But I conceiue the affection which they beare vnto their Countreymen hath deceiued them after the manner of Louers In regard of Philinus for the affection he beares to the Carthaginians hee is of Opinion that they did all things with good Conduct Prudence and Courage and the Romans the contrary As for Fabius he holds the contrary party Peraduenture a man would not blame this manner of doing in other courses of life In truth it is fit and commendable for a good man to loue his Friends and Countrey and to be a friend to the friends of his friends and to hate his Enemies But he that takes vpon him to Write a History must vse such things with discretion sometimes commending his Enemies when their actions require it and blaming his Friends and Neighbours when their faults are blame worthy Beleeue me as the remainder of the Body of a Beast which hath the eyes pulâ— out remaines vnprofitable So if truth be wanting in a History the Discourse prooues fruitlesse And therefore when occasion is offered he must not forbeare to blame his Friends nor to commend his Enemies nor to hold it a dishonest thing to praise those whom we haue sometimes blamed Neither is it likely that they of whom we write haue alwaies done well or err'd continually We must therefore in leauing the persons iudge and speake of their actions sufficiently in our Comentaries To prooue my assertian true we shall easily see it by that which Philin writes Who in the beginning of his second Booke saith the Carthaginians and Saragossins held Messina besieged and when as the Romane Army after they had past the Sea was arriued they made a suddaine sally vpon the Saragossins where they were vanquished and defeated and so retired into the Towne they made a second vpon the Carthaginians where they were not onely defeated but most part of them taken Presently after this Speech he saith that Hieron after this Encounter had so great a feare that he not onely set fire of his Lodgings and Tents retiring by night to Saragosse but moreouer abandoned the strong places lying betwixt Messina and Saragosse He relates also that the Carthaginians being in like sort amazed dispersed themselues here and there throughout the Townes of Sicily and that they durst neuer after that keepe the Field and that moreouer the Captaines seeing their men discouraged gaue aduice that they should no more run into the danger of the war nor hazard any thing He saith moreouer that the Romans in the pursuit of the Carthaginians not onely ruined their Prouince and that of the Saragossins but also layed siege to Saragosse This Speech is so farre from reason as it were but lost time to seeke to confute it For he pretends that they which besieged Messina to whom he giues the Victory presently after abandoned their Campe and that they fled retiring into the Citty with great feare and that finally they were besieged In regard of those he affirmes were besieged by the Carthaginians after the battell lost he makes them suddainly Victors and besieging Saragosse hauing taken their Camps and made courses into the Enemies Countrey Doubtlesse these are discourses which cannot well be reconciled for either that which he saith first is false or that which followeth But it is certaine and knowne to all men that the Carthaginians and Saragossins abandoned their Campe and raised the siege retiring into their Towne and that the Romans vsed great dilligence to besiege Saragosse Wherefore the probability is great that his first Speech is false and that notwithstanding the Romans had gotten the Victory before Messina yet this Historiographer hath supposed that they were defeated by the Carthaginians You shall often see Philin in this errour and Fabin no lesse as we haue obserued in many places Wherefore to returne where we left we will vse all possible indeauour to make the truth of our History cleere and plaine for those that desire to vnderstand it After that the newes of Sicily were come to Rome of the Victory of Appius and his men Marcus Valerius and Octacilius being newly chosen Consuls they were sent thither with all their Roman power The Romans had foure Legions in their Army of their owne Nation besides the succours which they drew from their Allies Euery Legion consisted of foure thousand Foote and three hundred Horse By this meanes
of the place they should haue encountred them and charged them from aboue and if necessity had required they might haue retired safely on the right hand to charge the Enemy againe In doing this they had easily broken defeated and put the Macedonians to flight But they did the contrary as if they had the Victory certaine in their hands for without moouing from the place which the Cleomenes had appointed them they staied expecting the enemy with hope of a greater defeate For that they should be repulsed and beaten from the highest place of the Mountaine But they soone suffered the pennance of their basenesse For after that the Macedonians had recouered the Mountaine without any resistance and were come into the Plaine they fell vpon their enemies fighting hand to hand with so great sury as they presently draue them backe into the hollow Caues and inaccessible places In the meane time the Combate was cruell among the Horse-men where it was worth the sight to behold with what heate force and courage the Acheins fought considering they all fought for the liberty of the Countrey But among all others they made great esteeme of Philopomene for when his Horse was ouer thrown with a Pertuisane he fainted not fighting long on foote with great courage Finally in the end hee died valliantly being shot thorough the shinne-bones with an Arrow On the other side the Kings had begunne the fight at Mount Olympus with the mercenaries and such as were lightly armed They were about fiue thousand men who fought sometimes man to man and sometimes they tried the Fortune of the whole Troupe There the Victory was long in suspence finally they parted equally from the battell But when as Cleomees was aduertised that Emlide had abandoned the Mountaine and that the Allies had turned head and that the Horse-men were in great despaire and that all trembled for feare hee resolued to goe out of his Fort and to put his whole Army in Front vpon one side of the Campe and therefore hee caused them to sound a Retreate By this meanes when those that were lightly armed were drawne together the two Armies charged with their Pikes and Iauelings The Combate was cruell and the charge performed with so great courage on either side as the Victory was long doubtfull and the iudgement difficult who deserued the greatest honour For that sometimes the Lacedemonians retired and againe they made the Maceâ—onians giue backe Finally when as the Lacedemonians were vanquished and put to flight they were slaine heere and there like sheepe Cleomenes saued himselfe in Sparta without any wound beeing accompanied by some of the Horse-men From thence hee retired the night following to Sythia where he imbarqued in certaine shippes which lay long ready for the necessities of the Countrey and sailed with his friends to Alexandria When as Antigonus was entred into Lacedemon finding no resistance hee intreated the Lacedemonians graciously and courteously in all things but especially in suffering them to liue and gouerne their Common-weale after the Lawes of the Country When he had staied certaine daies there he returned into Macedony with his Army hauing newes of the descent of the Sclauonians and of the spoile they made Behold how Fortune disposeth of great affaires as she pleaseth There is no doubt but if Cleomenes had deferred the battell a little or staied in Sparta after his defeate keeping them in hope in the end he had preuailed in his affaires after the retreate of Antigonus Antigonus came from thence to Tegee to whom hee left their Common-weale intire Three dayes after he arriued at Argos at such time as the people were gathered together to celebrate the Nemean games who presently went foorth to meete him All the Citty had their eyes fixt vppon him and beheld him all the World commended him all the assembly of Greece and euery Citty in perticular did him Honour not onely Humane but Diuine From thence he made hast to go into Macedon where as he found the Sclauonians spoiling the Country to whom hee gaue battell and got the Victory after a long combate But hee cried so much during the fight as within few dayes after hee died of a fluxe of blood so as the Grecians lost the great hope they had conceiued not so much for his skill in Warre as for his vertue and royall perfections He left the Realme of Macedony to Philip the sonne of Demetrius But if you demaund of me why I haue helde so long a Discourse of this present Warre you must know I haue done it of purpose For as this time concurres with that whereof wee meane to speake I haue held it fit and necessary to let the World vnderstand according to my first resolution what the estate of the Macedonians and Grecians were at that time At that time Ptolomy died of sicknesse to whom succeeded Ptolomy Philopater The like did Seleucus the sonne of Seleucus who was surnamed Callinice and in like manner Pogon to whom his brother Antiochus succeeded in the Realme of Syria The like in a manner hapned to those which helde the Kingdomes of Alexander after his death as Seleucus Ptolomy and Lysimacus for those died in the hundreth foure and twenteth Olympiade as wee haue formerly related and these in the hundreth thirty nine Seeing wee haue exposed the preparation of all our History and sufficiently declared at what time and how and for what causes the Romanes after the conquest of all Italy assailed forraigne Realmes and what the estate then was of Greece Macedony and the Carthaginians I haue thought it fit to make an end of this Booke with a Commemoration of these actions and this alteration of Kingdomes Seeing that according to our intention we are come vnto the times when as the Grecians made the VVarre of the Allies the Romanes against Hannibal and to that when as the Kings of the lower Asia fought for the Empire of Syria The end of the Second Booke of Polybius THE THIRD BOOKE of the History of POLYBIVS WEe haue shewed sufficiently in the First Booke how that wee haue taken for the beginning and foundation of the Romane actions the VVarre betwixt the Allies that of Hannibal and that of Syria Wee haue in like manner set downe the causes for the which wee haue beene forced in reducing the beginnings farther off to write the History of the Second Booke Now we will indeauour to make you vnderstand the Warres themselues and the causes why they were vndertaken and dispersed in so many places hauing let you vnderstand in as few words as possible we may the attempts of the people of Rome Seeing that which wee haue vndertaken to write is but a Worke and as it were a spectacle that is to say how when and wherefore all the Countries of the VVorld haue beene reduced vnder the obedience of the Romans and that this hath a notorious beginning a prefixed time and the end certaine VVee haue thought it
aswell for his priuate affaires as for the publicke And therefore I am of aduice that Historiographers and they which giue themselues to read Histories should not so much respect the Actions as their Consequence and that which goes before For if you take from a History which mentions but the deeds how nor wherefore it hapned and what the end was that which shall remaine will haue no instructions and will be but a kinde of Contention Although happily it may seeme at the first sight something pleasant but for the future they shall reape no profite It is true some will say that it is no easie thing to recouer such a History and that they cannot well finde it for the greatnesse and number of Bookes Beleeue me they doe not vnderstand how much more easie it is to haue and to read forty Bookes made with good order whereas the deedes and actions of Italy Sycily and Affricke from the voiage of Pyrrhus into Italy vnto the taking of Carthage are comprized And as for those of the other parts of the World from the flight of Cleomenes vnto the Warre which the Romans had against the Acheins neere vnto the Isthmus Then to make prouision or to reade so many Bookes of so many particular Histories For as they exceede ours in greatnesse and number so it is a difficult thing to comprehend any thing certaine First that all write not of the same things and omit those which haue beene done at the same time the which if they were conferr'd together would the better discouer the truth Finally they cannot attaine to that which is necessary to the History which are the things which precede the actions and concerne the causes For our part wee will consider the Warre of Antiochus as hauing taken its occasion from that of Phillip and that of Phillip from the Punique Warre and the Punique from that of Sicily Whereas all the accidents which haue happened in the meane time and may bee referred to one beginning are diligently obserued All which things may be easily vnderstood by him that hath written a generall History the which is impossible by them which speake of particular Warres as of the Persique or Phillippique vnlesse perchance some one holds opinion to be able to vnderstand a whole Warre by the knowledge of one Battell which is impossible And therefore our History ought to be more esteemed than that of particular Warres for that it is more excellent to haue learned some thing perfectly than to haue onely heard of it But to returne from whence wee strayed when the Roman Embassadours saw that the Carthaginians disguised matters they spake no more But the most ancient among them taking vp the skirt of his Roabe and shewing it to the Senate Behold saith hee wherein I bring you Warre or Peace take which you please Whereunto the Chiefe of the Carthaginians answered deliuer which you will And when he had spoken he deliuered them Warre many of the Senate cryed out that they accepted it Vpon this discourse the Embassadours and Senate retired Hannibal wintering at Carthage had giuen leaue to his Souldiers to returne into their Countrey if happily there were any that desired to see their Kinsfolkes and Friends To the end that hauing endured so much toile they might fortifie their bodies and mindes to endure new labour Moreouer he instructs his brother Asdrubal by what meanes if hee were forced to part out of the Prouince he should defend and gouerne Spaine against all the attempts of the Romans Then hee sends a great Garrison into Affricke of men which he drew out of Spaine for hee had caused Souldiers to come out of Affricke into Spaine making cunningly this diuision of his men to the end that the Affricans being there and the Spaniards in Affricke they should grow better by mutuall obligations They which past into Affricke were Thersites Mastianes Orites Spaniards and Olcades hauing appointed the number of them to be twelue hundred Horse and thirteene thousand eight hundred fifty Foot and besides these eight hundred and fifty Slingers of Maiorque and Minorque called Balleares with their Iland by reason of the vse of the Sling He commaunds they should lodge the greatest part in Affricke and that the rest should remaine at Carthage for its strength He doth also leauy foure thousand Foote the choice of the youth within the heart of Spaine the which hee causeth to march to Carthage not so much to fortifie it as to serue for Hostages Hee also left in Spaine to his Brother Asdrubal fifty Quinqueremes two Quadriremes fiue Triremes and among the Quinqueremes thirty two armed and furnished with the fiue Triremes Hee also left him about foure hundred and fifty Libyphentces which is a mixt Nation of Phenicians and Affricans and three hundred Iâ—ergetois Eighteene hundred Numidians and Moores bordering vpon the great Sea Eleauen thousand eight hundred and fifty Foote Affricans Three hundred Geneuois Fiue hundred men of Maiorque and Mâ—norque and one and twenty Elephants No man onght to wonder at our diligence in this description If I so obserue it in the affaires of Hannibal in Spaine that euen they which practised it could hardly obserue Nor blame vs for that after the manner of lyars we relate I know not what petty triuiall things the more easily to giue credit vnto our writing For when I had seene at Lauynium a Table of Copper which Hannibal had left there when as he ouer-ran Italy wherein this number was contained I thought sit to giue credit vnto it and therefore wee haue followed it heere When as Hannibal had prouided for Affricke and Spaine hee respected the returne of such as hee had sent to moue the Gaules by whose Country he was to passe his Army You must vnderstand that he had sent men to winne them by Presents and to view the passages of the Mountaine for that he was aduertised that this Region was very fertile and very well peopled with resolute men and good Souldiers and mortall Enemies to the Romans for the Warre which they made against the Gaules expecting that his Warre should be onely in Italy if hee might passe his Army safely by the streights of the Alpes with their helpe After the returne of his men and that he was aduertised of the expectance and desire of the Gaules and that the passages of the Hills were rough and painefull not altogether inaccessible he drew his Army together in the Spring It is true that the newes which at the same time hee receiued of that which happened at Carthage inflamed his cholleâ— the more against the Romans hauing thereby a confident hope of the fidelity and affection of his Nation When as all the Army was drawne together Hannibal made an Oration not to any one part but publickely to all the Souldiers by diuers meanes perswading them to imbrace the Warre against the Romans and how that hee and the other Captaines of Carthage had bene
this day is for Townes and treasure if you gaine this battell you shall be Lords of all Italy Finally after so many labours and dangers being deliuered by this alone you shall purchase the felicity of the Romans You shall bee the Head and Emperours of all the World For the effecting whereof there is not any neede of words but of effects By the will of the Gods before it be long you shall all see by experience that I am a man of my promise After these Remonstrances 〈◊〉 commended their resolution he planted his Campe vpon the Riuer-side where the Enemies greatest forces lay The day following hee commaunds them to treate themselues well and to prepare themselues to battaile for the day following And therefore at the third day he passed the Riuer at the Sunne-rising and put his men in battaile But Emilius seeing that his Forces were not equall in that place and knowing that Hannibal would dislodge for want of victuals came not out of his Fort. When as Hannibal had stayed some time there seeing that hee had in vaine called the Enemies forth to fight he retired the rest of his Army to the Campe and sent the Numidians to charge those which came from the Romans lesser Campe to water which they kept and detained from them pursuing them with great cries vnto the Fort. Whereat Varro disdaining much that the Roman Campe should bee annoyed by these men was the more inflamed and encouraged vnto battaile The whole multitude wished nor desired nothing more so much the expectance in all things is tedious And as in the meane time the newes were come to Rome that although the Armies were not lodged in a place to giue battaile yet they were one right against another and that there were dayly encounters all the World entred into great heauinesse and care Certainly the Romans hauing receiued lately wonderfull great losses feared much the future Euery man fore-casts with him selfe what the Romans fortune would bee after the defeate of this Army All the World poured out threats against the Sybils Bookes they saw nothing in the Temples and priuate houses but prodigies and strange signes And therefore the whole Citty was addicted to Prayers to sacrifices to the Gods and to Ceremonies for the Romans are great obseruers as well in publique as in priuate in the time of Warre neither doe they let passe any thing out of their rememberance which in reason they ought to doe Varro to whom the authority belonged the next day at the Sunne-rising drawes forth the Armies out of both the Campes without the priuity of his Companion And parting with those which were in the great Fort hee ioynes vnto them those that were in the lesser Then putting his men in Battaile hee places the Roman Horse-men vpon the right wing which was neerest vnto the Riuer Next to the which continuing the order hee disposeth of the Foote-men with the greatest number of Ensignes and the closest Bands and the Horse-men of the Allies were vpon the left wing and in Front those that were lightly armed They were with their Allies to the number of fourescore thousand Foote and about sixe thousand Horse Hannibal passing the Riuer at the same time sends them of Maiorque and Minâ—rque with those that were lightly armed before and passing the rest of the Army at two places hee plants himselfe before the Enemy ordring the Horse-men of Gaule and Spaine neere vnto the Riuer vpon the left wing against the Roman Horse-men After which he sets Foote-men in the midst of the Affricans who were armed to proofe and after them the Gaules and Spaniards and finally the rest of the Affricans and on the right wing he lodgeth his Numidian Horse-men When he had put his whole Army in order he placeth in the midst the Troupes of Gaules and Spaniards he ordered them in a crooked forme and a weake figure meaning that the Affricans should vndergoe the danger before them as a safegard to the Battaile The Affricans were armed in such sort as you would haue taken it for a Roman Battalion by reason of the Armes which they had gotten at Trebia and at the Lake of Perouza The Gaules and Spaniards carried the like Targets but their Swords differ'd For the Spaniards were short and therefore easie werewith they did both thrust and strike But the Gaules were long and without points It was a strange and terrible thing to see the Gaules naked aboue the waiste and the Spaniards attired in shirts of Linnen wrought with purple after the manner of their owne Countrey There were ten thousand Horse and aboue forty thousand Foote with the succours that came from Gaule Lucius Emilius led the right wing and Tarrentius Varro the left Marcus Attilius and Cneius Seruilius gouerned the Battalion in the midst And as for the Carthaginian Captaines Asdrubal led the left wing Hanno the right and Hannibal was in the middest with his Brother Mago The Romans looked towards the South and the Carthaginians to the North but neither of them were annoyed with the Sunne After they had giuen warning to battaile the encounters and skirmishes were for a time equall But when as the Gaules and Spaniards of the left wing had charged the Romans the Combate was fierce and cruell so as they did not charge and recharge but ioyning together they did fight Foote to Foote and man to man after they had left their Horses There the Carthaginians vanquished and slew most of the Romans fighting valiantly and with great courage In regard of the rest they slew them retiring neare the Riuer without any mercy or compassion And then the Foote-men receiued those that were aduantagiously armed charging one another The Spaniards and Gaules resisted the Romans valiantly for a short time but being forced they retired breaking their Lunary order Then the Roman Battalion pursuing with great courage did easily disorder the Enemies Rankes for that of the Gaules was weake as hauing fortified the hornes being in the midst of the danger Wherefore the hornes and the midst were not equall so as the midst of he Gaules Battalion aduanced farre vpon the hornes like an halfe Moone the crookednesse turning towards the Enemie Finally the Romans pursuing them marcht thorough without any resistance so as at their coÌ„ming they had vpon their Flancks the Affricans that were best armed who couering themselues with their Targets charg'd their Enemies vpon the sides thrusting with their swords So as by the prouidence of Hannibal the Romans were inclosed among the Lybians by the encounter which they had made against the Gaules They did not fight by Battalion but Man to Man or by troupes turning against those which charged them vpon the Flancks And although that Lucius Emilius who commaunded the right wing had beene in the Combat of the Horsemen Yet hee was safe and well meaning therefore that in giuing courage his deedes should bee answerable to his words
Antigonus and Ptolomy 360 Logbasse sent Embassadour by the Sâ—lgenses 263 Logbasse and his children slaine 265 Lycurgus called home 272 Lyce defeated Euripâ—des 273 Lacedemonâ—ans Common-weale 305 Lisse taken by Philip. 3â—4 Laodicea the wâ—fe of Acheus 327 Lacedemon taken by Epaminuâ—das 340 Lelius assailes Syfax his Campe by fire 420 Lucius Sâ—ruivus Lucius Citinus and Lucius Fabius sent Embassadours vnto Carthage 425 Losse of ships which Philip made 449 M. Marcus Valerius and Octatillius chosen Consuls 10 Marcelle taken by assault 16 Marcus Attillius taken with 500. Romans 24 Many Towers ruined by their Engines Mount Erix â—8 Mount Aetna ibid. Mutany of the common Souldiers 45 Matho punished 58 Megalopoly raized 91 Mount Taurus 103 Modena besieged by a great number of the Gaules 125 Misery very common among Souldiers 137 Magobrother to Hannibal 144 Marcus Manuttus Constable 154 Many Countries ruined by Hannibal ibid. Manuttus his Speech 164 Messenians seeke the Alliance of the Acheins 179 Musicke profitable to all the World 186 Messenians alwaies friends to the Arcadians and enemies vnto the Lacedemonians 192 Machate sent Embassador from the Etoliens to the Lacedemonians 149 Machaâ—e preuailes in his Enterprize 195 Metropolis taken and burnt 209 Mountaine of Appiare 212 Malicious policy of Appelles 216 Money and Corne deliuered to Philip by the Acheins 224 Methap taken by Philip. 228 Methape Razed by Philip. 231 Magalee Leonce do outrage to Arate 232 Magalee and Crinon condemned by the King in 12000. Crownes ibid. Mutiny against Philip and his men 237 Mâ—sery of Courtiers 238 Magalee kils himselfe 239 Molen goes to fieâ—d with an Army 246 Mutiâ—y in Antiochus his Campe. 250 Molen Crucified 253 Myne of Wheaâ— about two of our Bushels waighing an hundred and ten pounds 263 Mutiny among the Megalopolitains 273 Monâ—râ—hall â—ouernment of one alone by feare 283 Mutuall knitting together of three Common-weales 290 Manner of Tribunes in the Choice of Legions 293 Manner of the Romans Camping 297 Manner how they punish such as faile in the Watch. 300 Manner of recompensing the Souldiers vallour 301 Mago deliuâ—rs the Fort. 364 Many riuers comes out of Tauris 370 Machenides slaâ—ne 393 Manner of Libias liuing 404 Manner of breeding Swine in Italy 405 Maegarena saues himselfe naked 440 Mutiny of the people 441 N Naraâ—e 51 Note the Iniustice of the Romans 58 Nicophanes Cercidâ—s 87 Neuer Commander did any thing worthy which was not pleasing vnto his Souldiers 109 Nature of Philip. 216 Nature of the Macedonians 224 Nicagores accuseth Cleâ—menes 243 Number of Scipio's Army at Landâ— 361 Number of Ships that were taken 366 Number of the Dead 387 Nabir Tyrant of the Lacedemonians 415 Niâ—on and Agathoclâ—â— slaine 443 Number of Philips Ships and of his Enemy 447 O Order of the Battaile of Zantippus 23 One hundred and fourteene Vessels of the Carthaginians taken by the Romans 26 One hundred and fifty of the Romans Vessels lost 28 Occasion â—o renue the War betweene the Romans and the Gaules 72 Order of the Gaules Battaile 76 Orcomene taken with other Townes 91 Order of Antigonus Battaile 98 Other Articles past betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians 107 Opinion of Polybius in the delight of an History 120 Order which Hannibal gaue for the defence of Spaine 121 Oration which Hannibal made to his Souldiers 122 Order which Hannibal held to put his men into Battaile 170 Occasion of the Ruines of Cynethensesâ— 186 Ocanthy 205 Order that Philip held to take to passe the Streights of Therme 228 Old Arate made Chiefe of the Acheins 240 Order required in all things ibid. Order of Molens Battaile 252 Order of Ptolomies Army in Battaile 267 Order of Antiochus his Battaile ibid. Ochtocracia is a gouernment of the Mutiny of the people 283 Olygarchâ—â— 286 Office of the Coâ—suls 288 Order of the Watches 299 Order of two Campe in Marching 302 Order for the Engines of battery 320 Order of the Romans in the Diuision of the spoile of a Towne 365 Order of Philopomâ—ns Battaile 390 Order of Machanides Army ibid. Order of Scipio's Battaile 401 Of the voyage of Alexander against Dâ—rius Calisthenes 408 Order of Battaile of the Romans Army 422 Order which Syphax and Asdrubal held ibid. Order of Scipio's Battaile 431 Order of â—annibal his Battaile ibid. Oâ—nanthe sad 440 P â—unishment of Traytors 5 Policy of Hieron 6 Philin 9 Palermo besieged by the Romans and taken by assault 27 Policy of Cecilius to defeate the Elephants 28 Port of Trepanum taken by Luctatiâ—â— commander of the Roman Army 41 Policy of Amilcar 51 Prudence of Hieron 55 Phenice taken by the Sclanonians 61 Parthenia yeelded to the Romans 65 Pillage made by the Gaules vpon the Romans 70 Policy of the Gaules 74 Pursuite of Emilius 75 Pythagorians burnt in Italy 82 Port of Corinthe taken 85 Pillage of Mantinnia came to nine score 1000. Crownes 96 Polybius hath beene present at a great part of the things which he hath written 105 Philip. 106 Philiuus a Historiographer 118 Polybius hath made forty Bookes 120 Parting of the Roman Armies 126 Polybius his Remonstrance against Historiographers 130 Polybius visited the Alpes 131 Polybius his excuse 135 Polybius hath visited Affricke Spaine and the Gaules 137 Policy of Hannibal for an example to his Souldiers 138 Paulus Emilius speâ—ch to the Souldiers 167 Policy of Hannibal 169 Polybius writes nothing but what hee hath seene or receiued from those which had seene them 175 Philip. ibid. Ptolomy Philopater ibid. Polymarches 184 Philip comes to Corinthe 187 Philips wise Answer 188 Phebidins 190 Philips Army 196 Prâ—sias 201 Plâ—tor Chiefe of the Sclauonians 205 Philips Army 208 Poetia taken by Composition 299 Peania taken by assault 210 Philip fortifies the Fort of the Eniades ibid. Psophis taken by assault 213 Philip giues forces to the Aeheins 214 Philip assaults Alphira 217 Phialenses yeeld to Philip. 218 Prudence of Antigonus towards the Lacedemonians 229 Practice of a Tyrant 230 Paphia burnt 231 Philip comes to Corinth 233 Philip sayles to Corinth 239 Ptolomy King of Aegypt 241 Ptolomy slaine by Cleâ—mâ—nes 244 Practice of Molen against Epigeâ—â— 250 Ptolomy the Benefactor 255 Policy of Agathocles and Sosibius 257 Pednelissenses besieged 262 Peace concluded betwixt Acheus and the Selgenses 265 Pâ—olomyes Victory against Antiochus 269 Presents made to the Rhodiens by many Cities 270 Ptolomy his Present to the Rhodiens 271 Peace betwixt Philip and the Etoliens 277 Philips Enterprize against Sclanonia 280 Philip leaues his Enterprize for feare ibid. Prusias defeates the Gâ—ules 281 Principality or Monarchy 284 Pay and entertainment of Foote and Horse 302 Platoes Common-weale is to beâ— reiected 306 â—ompe of the Romans to an honorable person 309 Philip causeth Arate to be poysoned 323 Philomene appointed for Hunting 329 Philip subdued by the Thessalonians 348 Publius Scipiâ— and his Brother Created Ediles 358 Publius Answer to Andobale 376 Philops men â—akes Warre against Machanides Tyrant of Lacedemon 389 Publius Scipiâ— drawes his Army together 394 Publius Scipio