to gratifie them and helpe them to his power and so courteously win the good wils and friendly fauor of all souldiers his equals to instruct and courteously to admonish euerie souldier priuatelie and apart what appertaines to his duetie This Caualliere must be able also to traine souldiers to make them march in orderly proporcions to cast them in Ringes Esses Snailes Hearses Squadres to receiue and giue charge to faine skirmishes onsets retraites and how to order any number of Souldiers from a hundreth to fiue hundreth for so manie may be in a band and vnder one Ensigne as the Swiâ—…ers and Germains yet vse at this day and as in former ages our Countriemen haue vsed which in some respects may passe without reprehension If a Captaine be disposed to haue so manie vnder his Ensigne when hée is not able to bring the number vnto a whole Collonelship together with the knowledge of the order how to traine hée must indeuour himselfe to be perfect in drawing platformes in the Mathematickes in the martiall Lawes in besieging of townes batteries mynes and ech thing else belonging to Martiall discipline Let this worthie Caualliere of Saint Georges squadre haue then before his eyes such like precepts and manage of martiall affaires that he may encrease his owne credite win his countrie fame fauor of his Prince honor of his house and friends rather then for the regard of riches statelie houses liuings and such like but rather prefer prudent pollicie courage valor and approued experience before such base benefites whereby hée may attaine to the lawrell Crowne wherewith diuers mightie conquerors haue their heades adorned That hée may be an example to the reproch of such as lewdlie spend their daies in idlenes prodigalitie lust and obloquie The order of trayning Footemen necessarie to be obserued of all Sergeants Lieutenants and Cauallieres of the band FOr that the ignorance and decay of Armes in the beginning of this age and in these partes of Europe haue brought great confusion to diuers which haue rawlie and rashlie professed the same to the hazard of their liues and countrie And for that Mustering and trayning of souldiers to make them expert to seruice is one of the greatest errors hath bin committed therefore I haue thought good to borrow out of Master Stywards Booke of Martial discipline his maner and forme of trayning which I find in him set downe in more plaine and exquisite maner according to the moderne vse then of any that hath hitherto written so particularlie either in our owne tongue or in any other forraine language wherein the Authour doth merite great commendations whether the same procéedes of his owne experience or that he hath drawne it out of other mens trauailes But first before I enter into particulars I thinke it good to set downe what Charecters I meane to vse in these discriptions that they may bée the better vnderstood together with other notes appertaining to these present directions The Letters and Charecters C for Captaines L for Lieutenants S for Sergeants D for Drums F for Fiftes s for Hargabusiers a for Archers b for Halberdiers p for Pikes h for Horsemen The Orders which are to be obserued for the furnishing of the foresaid weapons Caliuers or Hargabuzieres or Muâ—…ketieres SUch must haue either of them a good and sufficient péece flask tutch-boxe pouder shot yron mold worme tyrebale rammer swoord and dagger and a morrion The like must the Muskete are haue with a forked staffe brest hye with a stringe to fasten to his wrest Such as serue with shot in raine mistes and windes must haue their péeces chardged and primed They must carie the tutch hoale of their péeces vnder their arme-hoales match light in their hands couertly and drie their péeces faire and cleane within and without so bée they seruiceable at all times hauing regard they kéepe their march and retyre of good distance in sunder their match and pouder verie drie and their péeces often chardged and discharged Archers or long Bowes NEcessarie it is that euery man haue a good and méete bowe according to his draught and strength light easie a light side iacke hanging loose to his knée with a skul swoord dagger nothing vpon his armes wherby in time of seruice hée may easilie draw the arrow to the head that they may deliuer the same with strength and art as Englishmen bée accustomed They must haue also a bracer and shooting gloue their stringes whipped and waxed ouer with glew their feathers drie and so is hâ—… seruiceable Pykemen THose bearing that warlike weapons especiallie the fronts where sometimes Captaines Lieutenants Sergeants and Cauallieres of bandes be oftentimes planted with Pikes and is the place for Gentlemen to serue in must haue a fayre Millan corsseâ—… with al peeces appertaining to the same that is the curats the collers the paldrons wyth the vambraces also the long taces with the burganet with sword and dagger their pykes of the vsuall length for the strength of the battaile doth consist in the same bearing the pykes on their sholders setting their thumbes vnder the same whereby it is ruled They must oftentimes practise to trayle push ward couch crosse c. as for the necessitie of the skirmish or battaile appertaineth Halberdeares or Bill-men THese bée gards vnto Captaines Ensignes which be most times chosen gentlemen of experience or Cauallieres of the squadre who as occasion serueth giue orders to the numbers in aray and the enemie approching to giue an onset certain of them bée appointed to aduance and maintaine the receit of them whose discréete leading and valiant courage doth much comfort the rest to follow the same These Cauallieres bee armed with corselets and bée placed in the hart of the battail vsuallie called the slaughter of the field or execution of the same who commonlie doe not fight but in verie great extremitie Because there is great alteration and deuision of weapons I meane to note vnto you the iust numbers to euerie hundreth at this present vsed which shall greatly profit to the making of your battailes from 100. vnto 1500. Men. Pikes Halberds Targets of proofe Shot 100 Men. 40 P. 10 H. 50 Shot 200 Men. 80 P. 20 H. 100 Shot 300 Men. 120 P. 30 H. 150 Shot 400 Men. 160 P. 40 H. 200 Shot 500 Men. 200 P. 50 H. 250 Shot 600 Men. 240 P. 60 H. 300 Shot 700 Men. 280 P. 70 H. 350 Shot 800 Men. 320 P. 80 H. 400 Shot 900 Men. 340 P. 90 H. 450 Shot 1000 Men. 400 P. 100 H. 500 Shot 1100 Men. 440 P. 110 H. 550 Shot 1200 Men. 480 P. 120 H. 600 Shot 1300 Men. 520 P. 130 H. 650 Shot 1400 Men. 560 P. 140 H. 700 Shot 1500 Men. 600 P. 150 H. 750 Shot Of Mustering and Training A Band or Companie being furnished with Officers Souldiers Armour Weapons and Munitions as aforesaid In times connenient resort whollie together to some ground necessarie to mustâ—…r march and traine
and difference of the matter and powdered with grauell rubbish dust c. and left to the iniurie of the watrie heauens a certayne time the matter cannot continue so entyre but that the worke beeing eaten into by the falling showers of rayne and dissolued with frost and heat will intermixe and so incorporate together that it will be impossible to be seperated without great labour By these obseruations and the direction of Geometricall proportions this new kind of fortefication may be brought to great perfection The proportion of the Fortresse which may be deuided into 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. or more Bulwarks at the Ingeniours discretion Forme of the Canonieres The Diametre of 5. Bulwarkes is 360. fadome of 6. 439. of 7. 518. of 8. 597. of 9. 676. of 10. 755. which beeing enuyroned with thrée circles one within another distant 36. fadome eache from other and that of 5. Bulwarkes deuided into 10. equall partes that of 6. into 12. 7. into 14. 8. into 16. 9. into 18. 10. into 20. the 1. 3. 5. 7. 9. c. is the angle of the Bulwarke the 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. the corner of the innerward bending of the Curtine the first circle allots out the Canonieres and poynts of the Sholders the 2. the angles of the Bulwarkes the 3. the angles or poyntes of the Countergarde and so procéeding Geometrically bring the Bulwarkes sholders Curtines dry ditch Countergarde wet Ditch and Counterscarpe in lyke forme to this forefaâ—…d Figure THE SIXT BOOKE OF MILITARIE DIRECTIONS INTREATING OF the office of the high Treasurer the Master of the victualles and Purueyour of the muster Master of the warlike Counsellours and of the generall Captayne or Lieuetenant of an Armie c. And first Of the office of the high Treasurer THE office of the high Treasurer is of great reputation and hath committed to his charge the payment of the Collonelles Captaynes and all other Officers He ought in the beginning to receiue from the Generall the true number both of horsemen and footemen within the Campe or Army by perfect compunction to make a booke how much is due euery month to euery Collonell Captayne and other officers aswell for themselues as their bandes The Treasurer ought to make his proportion of paye well known to the General wherby the Generall may accordingly make prouision that money be not wanting to pay the Souldiours He ought in like sorte to make allowance wheâ—… néede shall be to the Master of the Ordenance for supplying his store of Municion as he shal sée cause by reason of consuming the old or any important seruice to be done Hee must conferre with the muster Master to sée howe the handeâ—… be furnished what Souldiours be slayne when and howe many and how and when supplyed deliuering pay to euery Collonell or Captayne accordingly kéeping theyr warrants or notes of their handes for his discharge At the pay day he must conferre with the master of the Ordenance to se whether he haâ—…e any bils from the Captaines or Col lonels for any powder or other Municion receiued and to deduct so much in theyr wages Greatly may this Officer be ayded by Arithmaticke without the which it shall be an extreame toyle to make true compunctioÌ„ of such varietie of payments or before hande to preconiecture of all sortes of prouision and Municion what shall bee necessary but by ayde of that art the most difficult doubts that can therein aryse shall with facilitie be resolued and dispatched This Officer ought also to be a man of great wisedome and well experienced in Militarie affayres because he is vsed in Counsell where he is to speake his opinion in all exployts of importaunce although they concerne not directly his office The office of the Master of the victualles and Purueyour THe master of the victuals séemeth to be an Officer altogether dependant on the Treasurer hauing nothing else to doe but to prouide take charge of the prouision in the Campe and as corne or other victualles shall growe scant to make the Treasurer priuie that order may bee taken for further supply either by money or sending fóorth the forrage Master â—…o take it by force And against the pay day he must bring in hys booke of accounts to the Treasurer and there receiue allowance acordingly The Purueyours â—…ath is to be true and iust in his office and not to be flacke any time in procuring in his office good fitte and wholesome victualles as well for those Souldiours in extraordinarie as for those which are in ordinarie seruice prest Not to wearie or driue away from the victualling of the Campe any victualler by giuing him a more or lesse suÌ„me then he is worthy to procure as many to serue the Campe with good victualles as hée can both in gyuing them good fayre language as also now and then to giue them some péece of money to encourage the sayd victuallers to take paynes with the like And that he shall with dilligence faithfully shun all thinges that shall any wayes bee vnprofitable vnto the Prince and his Souldiours And to deuise as farre as his witte and iudgement wil serue him to profite his Lord and Master and his Souldiors aswell for wholesome victualles béere wine for their bodies as for good sweet wholsome meat for theyr horses aswell for such as serue in the fielde as such that trauell and worke in the wagoÌ„ Cart or otherwise which followe for the reliefe of the Campe and that of al these dooings he kéepe a true and perfect booke of accounts and recconings for the Treasurer when and as often as it shall please him to call for it that the high Marshall the rest of the Councell and the Generall may be priuie to it to make tryall of his dealings The office of the Muster Master THe Muster master also may be accouÌ„ted an Officer as it were dependant on the Treasurer for that his duty is nothing else but by often reuiewing of the bands to sée how euery Captaines bande is furnished noting the defaults from time to time and the supplies and therof to make a perfect booke exhibiting the same at the paye day to the Treasurer that allowance may bee made to the Collonels and Captaines accordingly When he first takes the viewe and Muster of any band he must not only write down the name of the Souldiour and his weapon but also of what Countrie he is the townes name where hee was borne and hys Fathers name and what yéeres hee is of and finally shall take speciall care to set downe some speciall marke or cicatricâ—… vppon his face together with the collour of his haire and beard To the intent his Prince bee not charged with paying of dead payes to such as be hyred but for that day as many Captaines vse to fill theyr Purses with vnlawfull gaynes The office of the Master of the intelligences THe Master of the intelligences must receiue his office oath secretly at the
THE ARTE OF VVARRE Beeing the onely rare booke of Myllitarie profession drawne out of all our late and forraine seruices by William Garrard Gentleman who serued the King of Spayne in his warres fourteene yeeres and died Anno. Domini 1587. * ⎠* Which may he called the true steppes of warre the perfect path of knowledge and the playne plot of warlike exercises as the Reader heereof shall plainly see expressed ⸪ Corrected and finished by Captaine Hichcock Anno. 1591. AT LONDON Printed for Roger Warde dwelling at the signe of the Purse in the Olde-balie Anno. M. D. XCI To the right Honourable Robert Deuorax Earle of Essex c. Knight of the noble order of the Garter Maister of her Maiesties horse Health honour and happines both in this world and the world to come hartily wished for HAuing been requested right Honourable by a dying Souldiour to publish in his behalfe the xiiij yeeres fruites of his mercinarie trauaile in the wars of the Low Countries I haue thought fit for that the trauaile of well deseruing paines shal not die together with the dead man to publish his industrie so worthy both of knowledge and practise to the worlds view for the present and future benefit of our Nation as his chiefest care was that they might with ease reach into the knowledge of that the knowing whereof had cost him time toyle blood and studie The worke is commended by Captaine Robert Hichcock and others such as experience hath made able to iudge in this honorable profession so that for me to bestow more praises vpon a thing so praised were but to lessen what I wish increased and to seeme to commend that which doth best commende it selfe Onely thys ayde I couet to adde for his greatest grace that it would please your Lordship vnder the protection of your honourable acceptance to deigne the patronage of his painfull endeuours and then the worke may be assured of defence as when a well deseruing seruant is supported by an able defending Maister Therefore onely by your Lordshyppe I wish this worke may be pefected whose humors and honours of minde so well suteth with the honourable matter it treateth on that as there cannot be of worldly things a more worthy subiect then this to write on so can there not be found a more woorthie Patron for a discourse of such worth whose rase assured him a Souldiour whilst the flower was in the bud and whose timely yeres since haue witnessed that of his valoure which neyther time nor yeeres can deface I pray GOD rayse vp many such mindes to make our Country of all Nations the most happy and also that thys worke may stirre vppe the harts of all Noble men Gentlemen and all other her Maiesties subiects that minde to professe Armes that by the exercise of the same they may be the better instructed with greater skill and so with theyr manly and valiant mindes to the defence of our most gracious soueraigne Lady Queene Elizabeth and theyr natiue Countrey And thus in all humilitie I cease wishing your Lordshippe such fortunes and happines as doe euer attend so honourable and vertuous deserts Your Lordships deuoted poore freende Thomas Garrard Faultes escaped IN the Epistle to the Reader page 1. line 5. for foure reade fewe Page 28. line 30. for espion reade espiall Page 42. line 28. for lost reade loose Page 49. line 12. for be by what reade be punished Page 52. line 36. for them read then Page 68. line 7. for reseruing reade receiuing Page 130. line 12. for for read but. Page 131. line 35. for the standerd bearer read the Ensigne Page 132. line 15. for where read with Page 133. line 36. for it reade is Page 143. line 1. for more bent be more bent Page 157. line 6. for but in reade as in Page 164. line 25. for reseruing reade receiuing Page 184. line 23. for be rest reade the rest Page 191. line 12. for from the read from them the. Page 191. line 30. for rendies reade order Page 215. line 26. for commit reade commit errour Page 234. line 28. for would reade would haue Page 239. line 22. for must yet read must yet haue Page 253. line 13. for 10500. read 10000. Page 267. line 2. for out some reade out of some Page 272. line 7. for of reade at Page 272. line 15. for the word read the wood Page 276. line 17. for where reade vnto Page 304. line 7. for band reade Proclamation Page 317. line 12. for Chausse traps read gall traps Page 329. line 22. for Counscarpe reade Counterscarpe Page 352. line 19. for gracious reade glorious Page 352. line 2â—… for iustice to reade iustice is to Page 360. line 22. for seruice read warres Page 363. line 22. for of this reade after this Captaine Robert Hichcock his commendations of this Booke who wisheth to the worthy Reader great grace good fortune and euerlasting felicitie THis Booke courteous Reader treateth of all kinds of traynings of Souldiours marchings encampings orders discipline of war with all the Offices belonging to a Campe Royall and leaues foure poynts of Martiall exercises vntouched in the highest degree of knowledge and playnest discourse wherein a number of rare and probable matters are sette downe with great studie diligence and experience as well of forraine and familiar examples proofes drawn out from fatherly counsell and their graue admonition as also enlarged by newe pollicies and practises of the greatest Souldiours in Christendome in these our present dayes and compounded with the long experience toyling after the Cannon-wheele and sharpe seruices pennury hunger cold lying on the ground and a hundred sorrowes hazards daungers and hard aduentures the which he himselfe hath sustained being the Authour heereof Thys Booke shall shew and teach the order of the Fielde the duety of Officers the charge of Generals the arte of Warre the whole discipline belonging to the exercises of Armes and marshalling of a Campe and Armie how great soeuer and to make manifest the orders directions dignities and princely powers that forraine Kings thys day hath deuised ordained and sette downe for the gouerning of theyr Campes and leading of theyr people This Booke also is so necessary for this time and so excellent a peece of worke as cannot be spared nor red too often nor too much praysed and shall be such a myrrour to looke in that euery vnlearned Souldiour beholding the same with eyes of iudgment shall at the first sight behold his owne ignoraunce and become a leader of the ignoraunt multitude the which before did it perhaps but with braue words and bare speeches that neuer bringes foorth any good knowledge Thys Booke shall not with sencelesse imitation leade men amisse but with sweete perswasions and probable matter shal confute the errors of wilfulnes and confirme the auncient and olde rules for the substantiall order and gouernment of a Campe and with deepe aduisement to discusse descide all opinions of wars Thys Booke
dooth likewise plainly expresse the mistery hid cunning of fortifycation and declare in ample and fine drawne plots goodly plotformes needfull inuentions and noble works of great suretie and maiestie worth the noting and meete for men of warre to haue in euerlasting memory And now to tell you how thys Booke came to my handes it is to be vnderstood that a Gentleman called William Garrard seruing the King of Spayne fourteene yeeres in his warres drew and made this same Booke with great iudgement good leysure and comming into England in short time after sickned and before his death sent the sayd Booke to Sir Thomas Garrard Knight vnto whom he was a very neere kinseman Sir Thomas hauing regarde to the seruice of her Maiestie and his Countrey and seeing the time required the publishing of the same conferred with mee about the same praying me to correct the faultes of the Booke the which I haue doone with good consideration Confessing though somewhat I haue seene and red beside my experience in the warres that neuer to thys day came such a Booke into myne hands for goodnes for plainenes for perfectnes true demonstrations hoping that no man of iudgement but will yeelde due commendations to the dead deuiser of thys large and worthy volume and that the reading of the same shall so please content all that shall behold it that they shall giue their common consent that the Booke is worthy the embrasing to be red to be knowne and the directions therein to be followed The worke it selfe is sufficient to winne fauour and perswade more good matter then any Booke that euer I sawe touching the arte of warre to the reach of myne vnderstanding as knoweth Almighty GOD who send you all happines 1590. Alwaies yours in most humble manner Robert Hichcock THE FIRST BOOKE OF MILITARIE DIRECTIONS In the vvhich is set out hovv a good Souldiour Disnier and Corporall ought to behaue themselues in vvarres Togither with the Martiall Lawes of the field and other necessarie Notes and Offices And first what is to be required and necessarie to be obserued in a priuate Souldier THE platforme of a Fortresse by how much more it is planted vpon a sure foundation by so much more it is perticipant of a firme and forceable perfection which reason duelie considered it ought to lead euery man so to rule himselfe in all his affaires as he may be both apt to receiue and able to performe all vertuous valerous actions Therfore he that desires to become a Souldier of assured good quality to the intent he may be able to perseuer in each enterprise beare out euery brunt stoutly and serue sufficiently he ought to haue a strong body sound free from sicknesse of a good complexion So shall hee bee able to resist the continuall toâ—…le and trauaile which of necessitie hee must dailie take as continual and extreame cold in the winter immoderate heate in the Sommer in marching in the day keeping sentinell in the night and in his cold Cabben in secret ambushes and in Trenches where perchance hee shall stand a number of houers in the water and myre vp to the knees and besides vpon Bulwarkes breaches in espials iâ—… Sentinels perdues and such like when occasion requires and necessitie constraines of all which exploits and discommodities he must perforce be partaker Wherefore that man which is not of such sufficiencie in bodie to the end hâ—…e spende not his time in vaine it is verie requisite he resolue himselfe to exercise some other profession for although some do hold that few men be strong by nature but many by exercise and industrie yet that notwithstanding strength of bodie is first to bee required in respect that a Souldier must be as well acquainted and as â—…ble to beare continual trauail as a Bird can endure to flâ—…e yea and to put on a resolute minde to beare all the miserics and haâ—…ardes of warlike affaires A Soldier is generally iâ—… be chosen betwixt 18. and 4. 6. yeares Moreouer I suppose it most necessarie that euerie man according to the nature of his bodie and the inclined motion of his minde make election of his Armes and weapons as of pike halberd or 〈◊〉 neuerthelesse respect ought to be had to the pâ—…oportion oâ—… his person and to take such Armes as doth best agree with the same to a tall man a Pike to a 〈◊〉 stature a halberd and to a litle nimble person a Peâ—…ce But if he preferre his proper disposition before the qualitie of his person it is verie necessarie hee exercise that weapon he makes choise of to the intent he may attaine vnto a moste perfect practise of the same for as no man at the first time when hâ—…e takes any toole or instâ—…ument in his hand growes immediatly at that instant to be a perfect artificer euen so it is with a Souâ—…dier 〈◊〉 experience hath instructed hâ—…m touching whâ—…ch I meane to say somewhat Hee which seekes to attaine and attribute to himselfe the honourable name of a Souldier must first employ his time in practise of those Armes wherewith hee meanes to serue and so applâ—…e his time that when any enterprise shall cast him foorth to make proofe thereof hee may be able to handle his Peece with due dexâ—…eritie and his pike with an assured 〈◊〉 since these be she weapons wherewith now Mars doth most coÌ„â—… arm his warlike troupe and trie each doubtfull fight of bloudy 〈◊〉 for in this our age experieÌ„ce practise makes apparant that Archers amongest forrâ—…ine Nations be neuer vsed and the Halberd but either amongst fewe or fewe in number The Archer serues to small purpose but when he is shadowed with some Trench or Bulwarke free from Hargabuse or Mushet shet Or that lyning a band of Hargabusiers he doth second them in any 〈◊〉 onset and then a whole flight of 〈◊〉 so that they be light and able to flie aboue twelue score will meruâ—…ilously gaule any maine battaile of footmen or Squadron of Horsmen The Halberd likewise doth onely serue in the sacke of a Towne in a bâ—…rach in a Sallie or Canâ—…isado to enter a house or in the throng of a stroken battade to execute slaughter Wherefore touching these two weapons vnlesse necessitie constrame and that Hargabusiers be wanting Archers may well be spaâ—…ed and these great numbers of Halberdiers and Bill men which are and haue bin in times past vsed in England may well be left off saue a sew to guard euery Ensigne and to attend vppon the Colonell or 〈◊〉 which man Army will amountâ—…d a 〈◊〉 number to depresse 〈◊〉 ouercome and flying enemy Therefore a Souldier must either 〈◊〉 himselfe to beare a Peece or a Pyke 〈◊〉 hee beaâ—…e a Peece thâ—…n must he first learne to hold the same to 〈◊〉 hâ—…s 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his two formost fingers and his thâ—…mbe and to plant the great 〈◊〉 on hâ—…s breast with a gallant souâ—…dierlike grace and being ignorant to the intâ—…nt he may
lesse punishment to euerie one that doth offend without anie remission or forgiuenesse or regard of bloud degrée kindred or friendship specially at the beginning to lie in campe whereby the army may the better be set in good order and to make it fearefull of God of iustice and of the Generall with loue and feare The execution heereof onely appertaineth to the Maister of the Campe for the hearing ordering and determining of causes of iustice vnder the Generall as the Lieutenant of a Citie or Towne deputie for the prince For the maister of the Campe is the chief of the orders who hath place in the field in many things as principall next to the Generall who hath the chiefe gouernment in pitching the campe and dislodging Briefly from the General downward it is the greatest charge and burden that is in the armie and therfore it is requisite that he haue good knowledge and remembrance of all the orders whereby the warres is to be gouerned and that he be of good practise and experience and duly obeyed But such cases as are capital and of great importance should be heard and determined by the Generall and his iudges It sufficeth that God is the knower and determiner and next vnto him his deputies vpon earth who failing to do iustice either for zeale loue or hatred shal yéeld account thereof before the diuine iudge and this law cannot be auoided by vs but we shal be cited and called by way of appeale Briefe notes of other meane offices as Drums Fifes Surgeans and the Clarke of the Band. DRums and Fifes must be chosen of able qualities and personage secret and ingenious skilfull in the sound and vsing of their instruments which must warne as the mouth of a man to all intentes of seruice diligent in times conuenient to instrust souldiers in the same that none by ignorance neglect their duties These be ofteÌ„times sent on messages importing charge which of necessitie require languages sometimes to summon or command the enemies to render sometimes carrie ransomes or redeeme or conduct prisoners Many other thinges to them do appertaine as before is rehearsed c. A chyrurgion is necessary to be had in euerie band who ought to be an honest man sober and of good counsell skill in his science able to heale and cure all kind of sores wounds griefes to take a bullet out of the flesh and bone and to slake the fire of the same and that he haue all his tooles and instrumentes with other necessarie stuffe as oyles balmes salues stepâ—…es roulers bolsters splenters and all other things to the science belonging which also ought to haue courage for his patient and allowed stuffe he shall readily imploy his industrie vpon the soâ—…e and wounded and not intermedling with others to his own charge noisome Such be placed with the ensigne and lodged neere to the captaine and neere their balâ—…rickes in time of fight which by law of the field is their charter The Clarke of a band would be a man chosen of a discréete behauiour such a one as hath the vse of his penne and skilfull in Arithmaticke who must haue a booke in the which hee must write all the names of the souldiers appertaining to the band diuiding euerie weapon by themselues that they may be the redier to be mustred otherwise to be placed in order of march at watch and ward the clarke must be attentiue with his booke to call euery mans name to sée who is absent and that certificate thereof be made vnto the captaine who must as before is rehearsed without sicknesse or some licence of the head officers see him or them punished to the example of all others He must sometimes in the watch and ward read vnto the souldiers the Militarie lawes and directions causing first a solemne silence to be made and then proceede in reading examining and conferring with euerie particular and common souldier touching his memorie of these thinges for his full instruction Also the Clarke is to take charge of the captaines munition who seeing it deliuered vnto the souldiers must take note how much is deliuered vnto whom and what daie of the moneth it is deliuered with the prise Likewise he must repayre to the Clarke of the victuals and by the Captains warrant receiue such bread beere and other victuals as is to be had and to deliuer it to those that shal be thought by the Captaine to be of credite to victuall the band by the princes price and to take tickates of them as well for that it is deliuered vnto them as what they doe deliuer vnto souldiers Also he must in the captaines name and by his warrant repaire vnto the merchantes and other artificers and take such wares as the officers and souldiers haue need of who must at the paie daie by the Captaine be answered Also prouided that the victualler alloweth but the Souldier six pence a daie the ouerplus goeth to their paiment of furniture and apparell The Clarke must oft peruse the tickates to see that no more be deliuered them their wages come to that the captains therby receiue no losse The clark ought to inquire when any be departed this world also when any be slaine and discharged the band and to make a iust note thereof wherby certificate may be made to the muster master that the Prince in no wayes may be hindered neither the Captaines by the victuallers receiue any detriment or losse Finally he must vpon the report of the Corporals or other officers finde and procure of the Captaines reliefe for the sicke and wounded souldiers and prisoners which ought to be redeemed out of the enimies hand The Prelates charge that takes care of souldiers of the Band. TO knit vp this first discourse of Militarie directions and martiall lawes special care must be had to prouide one man amongst the many scores of souldiers that may gouerne and direct in spiritual causes who ought to be wise learned honest sober patient and of exemplare life who must offer vp dayly sacrifice of thankes for his whole companie must instruct them to be penitent confessant and restore to euerie man his right to communicate in Catholike and Christian manner so often as they can chiefly at speciall times appointed by the Church and before any dangerous attempt to feede them with holesome foode of learned instructions wherein they may learne how to liue and so consequently to teach their companies their dueties towards God and their Prince and to giue ghostly counsel and spirituall reliefe vnto the sicke wounded weake in bodie or in conscience and that such be well armed with spirituall armour that is with good knowledge and good liuing readie to perswade them manfully to withstand their enimies the flesh the diuel the world and desperation putting them in sure hope through the equitie of their cause their conformitie to the church and their firme faith in our sauiour Iesus Christ to enter into the campe of euerlasting life
thing preiudiciall to the honorable exercise of Armes then to please the couetous and insatiable humour of some Captaines whom in effect it pleasures but little in respect their gréedie desire is neuer satisfied Neuerthelesse it fals out to be a maruellous losse and hinderance to the enterprise specially to men of valour and souldiers without whose aid a Collonel is but of smal force and value and to conclude money must alwayes be procured dispersed and spent with great discretion order and consideration since the same is so necessarie to man as it is called the sine wes of warres It is a thing most requisite that he carrie with him at the least one Minister a man of good life who exemplarly attende about the care of Ecclesiasticall matters wherin aboue al other things we ought thorowly to be staid and instructed He must likewise haue in his Regiment besides the ordinarie Surgeans an excellent and tried Phisition well prouided of all drugs and spiceries and of other things necessarie to be ministred to those that be sicke His Lieutenant for his Regiment must be of a singular qualitie and excellent experience who not onely must particularly gouerne his owne band and companie but also with great prudence and pollicie take care and charge ouer all the people which are in the bands vnder his Collonell wherin the Lieutenant must procéede according to my rules for the Lieutenant of a priuate band and the notes in my second and third booke His awne Alfierus as Generall and superiour to the rest of the Ensigne bearers vnder his Collonnelship must be guided and gouerned by a singular and substanciall souldier a Gentleman of an ancient house courteous wise and endewed with good conditions The same order he ought likewise to obserue in the election of his Caualliers of S. Georges squadre of his Sergeants of his Corporals of his drummers and euerie other officer It is a thing most necessary and conuenient as in my second booke and the office of a Captaine I haue touched That a Collonel should retaine in his regiment and specially in his owne band about him a number of wise and worthy souldiers to bée the Gentlemen of his Companie Lance Spezzate or serue for extraordinarie Lieutenants whom I in the memorie of the ancient valour of our nation entitle by the name of the Caualliers of S. Georges squadre whom the Collonell must not onely vse and entreat well with an aduantage in their pay but also feast them cherish them and set them oftentimes by course at his owne table and alwayes shew them a courteous countenance with which shew of friendly courtisie souldiers be incredibly fedde and contrariwise maruellously displeased with the hautie lookes of proud disdaine For al those that make profession of this worthie art are of great curiositie and courage and therefore men of warre ought neuer against right be villanously handled either in word déede or countenance He must create a Sergeant Maior that is a souldier of great experience and that particularly is a professour of that office to the end he know precisely what is to be preferred in euery practise such a one as can yéelde thereof a perfect account and discourse and that consequently can much better by déede then by word execute any enterprise And for that in his office it is necessarie for him to varie and change purpose with infinite aduertisements and considerations as the shortnesse of time now and then requires the discommoditie of the place and seat therof doth inforce the order of the enimies doth constraine or according to his owne proper pollicie or the prouident prudence of his Collonel but for that this place doth not permit to speak particularly of euerie point I will passe ouer the same and onely referre all to the prouidence of his long and approoued experience which of necessitie is required vnto him which I further referre to my following discourse of the Sergeant Maior generall He ought to make a Marshall of his lodgings who must bée his principall Furrier and Harbinger that must attend with great diligence to procure lodging for all without pleasing any one particular person for any priuate commoditie whatsoeuer but must equally distribute and depart the quarters lodgings according as néede requires neither is it to be borne withall that he do make frée any houses or lodgings neither go about any such like gaine a most dishonest and vnlawfull robberie which oftentimes doth cause great losse and discommoditie to men of warre small reputation to their conductour and great vexation and disturbance to the poore people who for the most part are innocent The Collonels harbinger hauing allotted out lodgings to euery band he must prefer the particular disturbation to the vnder harbingers A general Drummer ought likewise to be created and appoited who may take charge and care ouer al the rest of the Drummers whose office custome amongst them is to conserue and keepe orders to the intent they may bée obeyed and that euerie one performe his duty appertaining to his office as to strike the batterie in marching in battaile or disseuered to make generall bands and cries to strike the Diana in the morning and the Salue or Aue maria in the euining at the closing of the night and in sounding the march the call the charge the battell the retrait with such other like obseruations and necessarie things to be done He must procure to haue part of euerie munition for his regiment out of the principal and generall munition as Corstets Pikes Halberds Hargabuses with their furniture match lead powder of all sort of victual and ech thing else as occasion and necessitie requires which he must cause his Sergeant Maior to distribute amongst his bands that his souldiers be not exacted on in the prise The like deuision he must cause him to make by money it selfe but neuer more then that which rests as due to them as manie verie maliciously haue accustomed to do making merchandise thereof to the losse ruine of their souldiers towards whom they are bound continually to procure manifest commoditie profite The like is to be obserued in all other things necessary conformable to this before said without selling of furniture to them of excessiue prise for nothing is more dishonorable or more miserable then to extort vpon souldiers It is verie requisite that he examine the election and choise that euerie Captaine hath made of his officers in euery band and whether they do thorowly possesse or approch verie néere to the perfite experience they ought to do of whom and not otherwise he shall like and allow Note that these aduertisements make manifest apparence and sets forth to the view of the world the inward valour of the conductour and Collonel for if he neglect these obseruations the contrarie doth easily ensue I iudge it a thing not out of square but rather most expedient that the one halfe of the Caualliers of S. Georges squadre should
Campe for the defence of thy lodgings munition and carriages least the enimie vnderstanding the place to be left voide sende his Souldiers to take the Campe and so to spoile all vpon occasion some Captaines will destroie their owne lodgings or els passe riuers or leaue behinde them hils and déepe places to the ende that the Souldiers standing constantly may ouercome the aduersarie and obtaine the victorie or otherwise altogether to perish for that if they should thinke to saue themselues by running away they shall sée by all manner of meanes taken from the possibilitie to escape Nowe béeing come to ioyne battaile with thy enimie cause thy Souldiers somewhat before to flourishe oft their naked Swordes and Halberds against the Sunne for that the glistering of the weapons and their shining pointes through the brightnesse nowe of the one and nowe of the other against the resplendant Beames of the Sunne dooth shew a certaine horrible terrour of warre the which will strike a dread and feare into the mindes of the enemies Likewise it is sometimes requisite that thy battailes goe forwardes with rumours and showtings sometimes running with violence forasmuch as the semblaunce of such thinges with the noise of Trumpets Drummes and great Ordinance woonderfully troubleth and feareth the heartes of the aduersaries also it is great wisedome in a Captaine not with desire to bée drawne to bée the first to giue the onset but to staie thée néere thy trench till thou hast viewed thy selfe and the Rendies of the enemies that is howe manie battailes howe they are placed of what condition and where they are disposed to fight for after this manner thou maist more commodiouslie sée to thine affaires considering which of thine thou hast to sette against those of thy enimies and in what manner thy men are to bée ordeined and placed dooing in like sort to a good Physition the which considering first the infirmitie and knowing the cause commeth afterwards to giue remedie therefore ordeine thy men so as may turne most vtilitie to thy businesse The manner of ordering of battels lately vsed I cannot greatly command for the armie being 20. 30 or 40. thousand they are deuided but into 3. battels whereby ensueth many perils and discommodities because the Pike being but fiue yards thrée quarters long euerie man occupying a yard and halfe a quarter of pike can occupie but foure or fiue rankes at the most so that the rest are superfluous and lost besides they are easily to bée compassed and to be charged on euerie side wherefore I haue set downe an order of one of the battels in figure according to my opinion the which if it may turne profite to my countrie I would be most glad The occasion of the prosperous successe of the Romaines was onely through their good orders by diuiding their Legions into cohorts the which were bands of 400. and 50. the 50. were shot the 400. were armed their weapons pikes swords and targets the which were placed in quadrant manner 20. euerie wayes being 10. battels in front leauing a certaine space betwéene euerie battell for their retrait vpon occasion vnto the next order which were but sixe battels and the rereward foure battels all in like number kéeping one bredth the voward were called Hastatie their battel 's thicke and close the Maineward were called Principie who had such space betwéene their rankes as they might receiue the Hastatie the rereward were called Triarij whose spaces betwéene their rankes were such as they might receiue the Principie and Hastatie on the wings were placed seauen rankes of Pikes of strangers which did distend in length from the voward to the rereward through these good orders they became conquerours of many countries Now because of the diuersitie of the weapons hauing 20000. footemen I would deuide them into tenne battels to euerie one of the battels shall be according to my proportion set downe 1000. shot 800. pikes and 200. Billes the which placed in twofold wise according to my proportion set downe in figure will be in bredth 45. and in length 22. and ten ouerplus the which are to be placed at the discretion of the Sergeant Maior the shot placed in the wings and rereward in maniples for the readier seruice who must be placed a good distance from thy battel thy men at armes vpon the wings of the shot thy Lances as two hornes in the front of the battell the light horse in the fronts of thy Lances the hargulaters in the fronts of thy light horse who with the pistoleters are the first that begins the battel thy great ordinance to be placed in the fronts of the battels or in such conuenient place as may most terrifie the enimie there would be appointed certaine troupes of Lances whose guidons would be contrary to the rest the which the Germaine cals their Forlorne hope the French Infants perdus who must at such time and instant as shall be thought good by the General giue the charge vpon the enimies battels whatsoeuer shall happen who are for the same to receiue double pay The second battell not to be placed in the front with the first battell as the Romaines did but in the rereward of the first so far wide and with such distance as the horsemen and shot a foote giuing the first charge may retire themselues without disturbance to the battels hauing thy shot placed as in the voward with the lances and shot on horsebacke the third battell to be placed in the rereward of the second with like distance with shot and horse and so to the fourth fift and the tenth in the rereward of the which if occasion require thou maist as in the rereward of the battell place for the defence certaine of thy carriages Thy battels being thus ordered thou shalt be sure no wayes to be compassed by the enimies whereas thou maist easily compasse in him not ordered in the like manner and thy battels being but little yet as strong as the greater being strongly fortified euerie way with pikes and when a signe is giuen your hargolateares pistolateares and lances may at the sodaine be with the formost or readie for any other place of seruice Also your second battell may ioyne with the first and the third with the second and so to strengthen your battels at pleasure as otherwise two or thrée of thy battels to giue the charge to one of his battels and if it should so happen that thy first and second battels should be ouerthrowne thy battel placed in this order thou maist retire thy selfe and leaue of the field maugre the head of thy enimie who in prosecuting thée disorder themselues as many times happens may be easily conquered vsing thy battels in this order I hold to be of greatest force and most auailable THese 4. foresaid battels were taken by M. T. Steward out of his second booke Captaine Francesco Ferretti della Osseruanâ—…a Militare out of whom he hath likewise borrowed the greatest part of his Pathway to
discourse of sundrie obseruations to be had in memorie of Captaines Collonels Sergeant Maiors c. whereby a discreet leader may ' learne what he hath to accomplish in all sortes of battels and encounters whatsoeuer Diuers proportions of new inuented squadrons THis battell following hath beene vsed of the Spaniards marching alongst the side of a riuer two squares and a triangle battell of pikes flanked with shot empaled on the front rereward and left flanke with 7 rankes of pikes the forlorne hope in the front their horsemen on the left wing in this sort The proportion of this battell was caried by the Almains into Italy against the Zwitzers being enuironed round about with a raile fastned with iron hookes to be taken in sunder carried with them planted with musket and base shot to resist horsmen and the squares of footmen This figure ensuing consists of a square battell of Pikes flanked by shot seconded by sléeues of Halberdeares for execution and reléefe or deffence in skirmish when it comes to pell mell with 4 smal squadrons of musketeres at the corners of the maine battell all the whole being enuironed and impaled with pikes before whose vaward front are placed the forlorne hope two wings of horsmen marching along the sides of the battell THe proportion of this battell next following is onely for the safe retire of shot being repulsed by horsemen or otherwise who may at eight places retire into this squadron which stands in the proportion of a fortresse which vpoÌ„ the charge of the enemie may ioyne close in one maine square by causing the flanks to march vp to the corners of the square which vpon occasion disclosing againe may let out the shot which may enter into skirmish in circular wise as followeth THe manner of this battell next adioyning which is to be vsed of a great armie dooth somewhat resemble a cressant consisting of battaillons the Generall in the midst of the 4 chéefe squadrons the whole impaled with pikes flanked with shot fronted with the forlorne hope and winged with horsemen This battell following is both strong and ready for the safetie of the shot for that either the forlorne hope in the forward or rereward ' may succor one another retire or issue out vpon any side through the lanes and galleries betwixt euery battaillon and yet vpon the enemies onset may sarrie close together and make one firme and sole battaile the shot being before hand drawne in out of the enemies danger This squadron is likewise flanked with Musket and Hargabuziers and winged with horsemen A notable discourse of sundrie obseruations to be had in memorie of Captaines Collonels and Sergeant Maiors in directing training exercising imbattelling and instructing of soldiors for the better planting of any of the foresaid Battels or proportions EAch Captaine Collonell and Sergeant Maior must in his degrée take care of his charge The Captaines must sée that his officers do acquaint teach his souldiors all the particulars in my first booke and that his other officers be able to execute so much as I haue set downe in my second Booke of Militarie directions whereby together with some notes written presently they may learne such particular knowledge as when they come to put generall matters in execution the same séeme not strange vnto them for in the exercise of armes we ought to indeuour our selues to be perfect in such things as belong to a band when it is by it selfe and that which a band is to performe when it is ioyned with others in campe so that those souldiers which be cunning in the first may easily obserue all occurrences and commaundements in the second Therefore a band is to learne by it selfe to kéepe ranke in each kind of motion that is to say in marching slowlie softlie fast to learne all the sounds all the signes and all the blasts voices and cries wherewith the officers commaund in a battell and that euery one know perfectly the signification thereof no lesse then the Mariners the whistle of the maister of the ship in which souldiours must be readie and diligent to obey incontinently aptly at the stroke battery of the drums whether it be to march forward to stay or to recoile or to turne their faces and weapons towards any place To this end all Collonels must ordaine that all the drums haue one kind and maner of battery and that they do vse al one forme of sounding to the field of sounding the alarme and to vse one proper sound to plant themselues in battell to aduance themselues to recoyle to turne in battell themselues from one side to another to make retraite and in sum to signifie all other points that the voice of one person alone cannot make so easily to be vnderstood as dooth the sound of many drums the which make themselues to be hard in the greatest tumults and throngs The souldiors also ought to be so attentiue to hearken and giue eare to that which is spoken and commanded that they néed neuer to be deceiued the drums likewise ought to be ready to batter their caisses according to the sound of the collonels trumpets by the which they must altogether direct and gouerne their batteries The Collonels trumpet ought to be expert in all these sounds that he be able to vtter them so plainly that the drums take not one thing for an other but that he know how to expres the same according to his Collonels commandement néere vnto whose person he ought to be euer not to abandon him to yéeld a reason what mooues me to appoint trumpets for footmen it is in respect that they may be more cléerly vnderstood then drums can be if any great tumult should arise that the drums should alter change their sound for they are to be directed by trumpets the sound wherof is hier theÌ„ the battery of drums the which yâ— Zwizers who first inuented drums haue very wel â—…ried therfore let colloâ—…ls prouide that they haue truÌ„pets before their battailloÌ„s that the Chieftains may signifie admonish theÌ„ what they haue to do All these things togither with ech seueral sound must be taught shewed from point to point to ech particular band apart before they be ranged togither in battel to the intent they may haue the full art to maintaine their order ranks without that any place how difficile soeuer be able to disband or disseuer them And also that the sound of the trumpet be so familiar vnto them that they caÌ„not erre neither take one thing for another but that the Collonels bands be ech one priuatly fully instructed in all that which the battaillons ought to do being assembled with the armie And for that armes are brought to seuerall kinds of battels either in respect of the enimies in sight or for feare of some sodaine assault ech band ought to be exercised in such sort and so instructed that they may with great assurance march
this thou oughtest to care with al diligence that marching or incamping by sea or land victuals may safely be brought for somuch as by such means the merchants with all diligence will bring all things which for the vse of an army wil be necessary Moreouer wheÌ„ thou most passe by straights or march through rough hilly wayes theÌ„ is it coÌ„uenient principally for the preseruation of thy things to send before shot on horseback on foot for the kéeping of those places rocks or inclosed waies least the enemy taking it before thée may both let thy passage to thy great hinderance losse the contrary thou ought enforce thy selfe to do when thou vnderstandest the enemy to passe the like thou hast not onely to take héede for receiuing harme but to inforce thy selfe to turne against the enemy those deceits whereby he thought to deceaue thée And when thou purposest to go against him it is requisite to prouide before him at vnawares oppresse him so diligently thou must find means to let endomage him euery way if thou vnderstandest that he intends to pursue thée The marshall of the field must foresée the whether soeuer the army doth retire or vse an ordinary march iourney that the captains that lead distinct seuerall bands must with mutuall diligence by horsemeÌ„ riding to and fro measure the march of the army neither suffer the Ensignes to go any thing out of sight The auantgard to obserue with what pace the middle battell marcheth and so likewise the middle battell the rereward that euery battell may be ready at hand for all sodaine incursions of the enemy to succor the battell which is circumuented finally fight if a man be forced or aduantage doth serue with al the power of the army vnited together Of the order of the march in figure and of the placing of the weapons Forsomuch as there are diuers formes of marching according to the ground and diuersities of mens minds I haue onely thought it good to set downe this figure ensuing as very necessarie and of great force for an armie with his whole carriages to march withall Wherein I partly imitate the antiquitie as otherwise the order now vsed as for example Let there be an armie of 40000. footemen and 14000. horsemen according to the proportion set downe there is allowed to euerie 100 footmen 40. pikes 50 shot and 10 halberds the which falles out to be 20000 shot 16000 pikes and 4000 halberds the which with the horsmeÌ„ are to be deuided into thrée battels The voward the mainward and the rearward battell In the voward shall be placed 10000 footemen whereof 4000 pikes 1000 halberds and 5000 shot In the front of the voward battel are to be placed 2000 argolateares on horsebacke 1000 launces Then there are to be placed the pioners who are to be garded with 500 shot of each wing The Sergeaat Maior must giue in charge that these pioners beate downe and make plaine the ground before them in their march in such bredth as occasion shall serue to make your battels or necessity procure or the straightnes of the place permit Also the Sergeant hath to appoint these pioners that if they be charged by the enemies hauing their weapons to defend themselues amongst the shot or otherwise to retire themselues by the wings of the battell and to be placed at the discretion of the Sergeant Maior in the battell Next after these Pioners shall follow 2000 shot next vnto the shot the carriages of the first battell with all the impediments Then followeth 2000 pikes and 1000 halberdeares with the Chiefetaine in the midst then followeth the other 2000 pikes after the pikes the carriages of the merchants and purueyours who must by the appointment of the Generall march armed for the defence of their charge theÌ„ follow the other 2000 shot and if you passe through any dangerous places it is requisite so to march as you may suddenly bring them to a quadrant battell sending alwayes before 100 Hargaloteares on horsebacke and 100 lighthorsmen for vauntcurriers to discouer and view the straights and passages as otherwise to take their bredth and to giue certificate to the officers whereby they may make their march thereafter and to view that all places be frée from â—…mbushes and traines of the enemie whereby the armie may the more safelier and quietlier passe sending from the frontes as necessitie requires ayde to assist the Curriers Then must follow your maine battell of footemen the which is 20000. footemen whereof 10000. shot 8000. pikes and 2000 Halberds the which are to be diuided in this manner next vnto the shot of the voward battell must be placed the carriages of the maine battell with bagge and baggage who must be placed by quarter then 4000 pikes next the pikes 2000 halberds with the General in the midst then the other 4000 pikes after the pikes the carriages of the merchants as appeares by this figure The weapons of the rearward battell to be diuided as in the voward who must send forth courriers from the rearward to espie whether the enimie doth prosecute thée to take aduantage to thy hinderance or no and you must place next your shot in the rearward one thousand Lances and 2000 Hargolateares your 10500 shot of the maine battell are to be placed as wings in all your battels who must be placed 16 paces from the sides of the battels Next vnto the shot must go the Artillerie of the fielde with their carriages with like distance on both the sides of the battels then must be placed 1000 men at armes of ech side of the battels Likewise 1000 Lances of ech side and 2000 Hargolateares as appeareth by the foresaid figure The high marshal must giue in charge that in al dangers ontill the footmen may be brought to forme of battell that the Ordenance Artillerie may be readily and equally diuided into the two hornes of the battel to terrifie the enimie to the vttermost and if so be that the enimie wil attempt the battel on the wings let the Hargolateares with the rest of the horse and shot in the wings make the like difference thus euery part shal be of like sort defended vntill thou hast made thy battell as pleaseth thée If this order cannot please the march withall through a suspected place you may practise that which is thought of the Generall and his wise counsellours and Captaines to be most expedient neuerthelesse I thought it not amisse to set downe this order in figure with the diuision of the weapons for that being well considered and with aduise well ordered you may make presently as many battels as you will and in what order you please euen by hand without any great trouble or toile THe proportion of this march ensuing was vsed of the Lantgraue of Hesson the buke of Saxonie in their wars against the Emperour Charles the fift their maine square battell of pikes being flanked fronted and backt
his prefixed and limitted bonds of the other bancke by the violent course of the running of the water The which bounds marks ought to be fore-seene and the largenes of the Riuer artificially measured if the same be desired to be doone exactly that iustly at the same instant when néede doth require he may serue his turne neyther with more nor lesse number of barkes or boates then so manie as is necessary for the breadth of the Riuer for if there shoulde bee more or lesse there would arise great confusion or disturbance Thys arteficiall brydge is an instrument very much vsed amongst great Armies in the warres at these dayes as was manifest by the preparation of one made at Namures for Don Iohn of Austria and this figure following is the forme thereof It shall be sometimes good to plant Souldiours vppon this bridge who may be able to withstande and repulse the enemies vpon the other shore that they doo not displant the same but that you may be able to recouer the shore and sustaine the bridge The Anckers béeing cast and Cables ready to let at large it is necessarie to let the head of the bridge slyppe downe slackly and be disseuered from the banckside where it was ioyned together which you are determined to leaue and to aspect the running of the water carry the bridge to the otherside of the Riuer ayded by the industry of those men that be vpoÌ„ it to make the passage more easie The Armie béeing passed the Riuer the bridge being disseuered péece from péece drawne on lande the boords nayled to the boates euen as they bee must be layde vppon a broade Waine or Wagon made of purpose for the carriage of them after the Armie so shall the boate remaine with the bottome turned vp towardes the skyes and the boordes ioyned together lye flat vpon the wagon vnderneath readie for any other action Prouision of Horses and Oxen will easily conduct these Engines after the Campe whilst the boate and the boords be nailed together and layde vppon a carriage prepared of purpose for the same as before appeareth Hee must make meanes to haue a sufficient number of people and of apt proportion to make gard and watch about the Artillary munition arteficiall fire waines wagons other things necessary for the siege of the enemy with diuers other accidents the which people must goe with him continually day and night to kéepe good and perfect watch Besides this he must haue a band of Pyoners of conuenient and sufficient quantitie who ought to haue a carefull and vigilant Captayn that may alwayes guide them vnder an Ensigne that they may be the more vnited together and the better conducted and gouerned Hée must moreouer fore-sée that lykewise they be defended and assured from inuasion of the enemies with a good number of souldiours whilst they make the wayes euen and perfect where the impediments thereunto appertayning and all the Campe must passe The sayd Pyoners must be prouided oâ—… Spades Pickeares some with Leauers Crowes of Iron Baskets Whéele barrows and other Instruments apt to such vse and affayres â—…o plant Artillarie and to entrench the place in the Campe that shall be by the prouest Martiall assigned for Munition It shall be very conuenient if it were possible to pay theÌ„ their wages euery night for since they are not men of estimation and honour such as men of warre be and right souldiours they oftentimes wil depart without lycence at their own pleasure Neither haue they respect of incurring danger of punishment or hazarde of life no nor to bring great discommoditie to an Armie The which through the benefite of theyr worke is very well accommodate and strengthened in diuers respects not onely touchching the foresaid causes but also to make Trenches Gabions Mynes Ditches straight and crooked and all other platformes conuenient and necessary for the Armie The great Maister of the Artillarie must haue about him a Squadron which may be called the Gentlemen of the Artillarie Lanze spezzate or Caualiers of the Cannon such as I haue described in my seconde Booke to be of S. George his squadron in which booke they may reade speciall notes about their duties speciallie in the Chapters of discoueries These Caualieres euerie one hauing the ouersight of a Péece especially at a battery when they must see continually that the Gunners doe their duety I would wishe to be very sufficient personages to the intent they may be able to know how to execute the great Maisters ordinances in things necessary to be performed in so great actions and that particulerlie they desire to be accounted discréete and modest souldiours whose office is continually to sollicite and kéepe in order such men as be vndiscreet and rude Not onely the great Maister and his other Officers but also these worthy Caualieres ought to be of sufficient vnderstanding and experience to know howe to charge euery Péece and afterwardes be able to perceiue as néere as is possible what effects the shotte of euery Cannon will worke the shotte of euery Culuerine the demie of them both and likewise what euery Peece is able to performe to the intent he be not alwaies ouer-ruled by the iudgement of euery Gunner which his experience is both profitable to his Prince and commendable to his proper credite and reputation It is a speciall note for them to obserue that Wine Uineger be apt to coole and refresh the Artillarie when it is ouer hote through often shooting In these and such like matters hee must delight himselfe that he may be of perfect experience and be fullie prouided for all exployts that may fall and for any other notable respect worthy of great consideration Hée must take assured order that the Péeces of Artillarie be well planted vpon theyr cariages forceablie substantially and in respect of the performance of this seruice hee must carrie with him more then the ordinarie store of Spades Shouels Barrels Salt Spokes Plates Naues Axâ—…ltrées broad Nailes Spykings and other ordinarie yron worke that he may vpon a suddaine with the helpe of a Smith and Carpenter and other like Artificers which are appointed in cases of such néede yéeld a supply to all such things which shall be lost broken and destroied in a long voyage or els by many volles of shot Note that the great Maister ought to haue good vnderstanding and experience how to prepare with great aduantage with Gabions and Rampiers of earth or with wooll packs the place where the batterie must be planted to the intent the said batterie may take effect that the flankers and curtine may spéedily and with little charge be battered ruinate that all things may succéede according to his determination in as perfect order as is possible and that it may take away and make frustrate all the enemies defences bursting and displanting theyr Péeces tormenting them in as terrible sort as he can deuise procuring and alwaies fore-séeing that there
whatsoeuer but that he must gaine the same by a long siege Fyrst he must with al dilligence and good counsaile oftentimes discouer and view the situation of the place and choose the seate where hee may Encampe and lodge his Souldiours Aboue all things he must beware that he plant himselfe in such a place as that the ayre become not corrupted taking for example Mounsieur de Lawâ—…rec at the siege of Naples who by his occasion besides the ouerthrowe of his enterprise lost both all hys Armie and his owne lyfe with the ruine of a great part of the Nobility of Fraunce That he choose likewise a place that is proper for his purpose through the commoditie of wood and water and other necessary things for mans sustenaunce and couert and safe from danger of the enemies Artillary as much as is possible If the place that hée dooth besiege be great and furnished with great number of Footemen and Horsemen which be able to make sallies and come to skyrmish he must incontinently take order that hys Campe bee fortifyed in such sort as he shall thinke most conuenient to fronte the force of the enemie Thys doone he must take from the enemies all the commodities he can as water and all other things which may yéeld them sustenaunce or reliefe and to reduse them to the greatest necessity he can Moreouer it hath béene séene by experience that to deuide an Armie and to make it ouerweake when it is neere a Cittie is a very dangerous thing principally when there is great force of braue and valiant Souldiours within the Towne As fell out at the siege of Florence where two Chiefes were elected the one on thys side the Riuer Arno towards the North which were the Almaines and the other towards the South where was the person of the Generall with the greatest force of the Armie Florence therefore to deliuer it selfe from such continuall toyle did sallie out by night and assault the Almaine Armie with such furie that had there not béen great disorder amongst the assailants the Almaine Armie had entirely béene ouerthrowne and Florence had béen deliuered from siege on that side Wherefore I thinke the most assured and the easiest way is to enclose and restraine the besieged Towne by means of Forts as was practised in the warres at Mirandell and Sienna Uisite dilligently all the waies and passages by the which succours may be giuen to the Towne besieged At euery such place you ought to make a Forte and to approoch so néere as with foure Forts or more you may enuiron all the Cittie I woulde not haue these Forts for that they be litle to be feeble neither that they should be situate in such a place but that they might ayde one another The forme which I would wish them to be of I haue héere sette foorth Afterwardes with the rest of his Armie he must plant him selfe in such a place as from thence at time of neede he may succour his Forts or at the least with one part thereof hauing fyrst sounded the force of the enemie then taking the Artillary which he shall thinke most necessary hee shall endeuour himselfe to become the Maister of the Countrey round about him specially of such places as he is able to force Héereby he may reape great coÌ„modity as well by victualles wherby he may nourish his Armie as that thereby hee shall take away from the besieged all hope of succour and likewise by that meanes cause his Armie to be feared so that the Countrey eyther through loue or feare shall neyther take occasion to rebell or yéeld him any resistance What is to be obserued when any Cittie or Fortresse is able to be expugned by battery c. to approach and besiege the same â—… Presently haue declared howe much it importeth to choose for encamping a plotte of ground commodious healthfull and assured now I will speake of the order which is to be vsed and necessary to be obserued when a Generall supposeth himselfe able to gayne a Fortresse or Cittie by maine force of Armes Fyrst the Marshall of the fielde must goe with practised souldiours and of tryed experience in the warres well accompanied to the intent they may safely viewe and consider the circuite and situation of the Towne and to sée vpon what side Trenches may be made for the planting of the Artillarie Aboue all he must be careful and prouident that the earth be of such nature and qualitie that it will receiue the Spade Pickaxe and be apt to make Trenches in and other necessary thinges to couer themselues against the enemie To thinke that a man may perfectly discouer view a Towne or Fortresse eyther in the day or in the nyght it is impossible for in the day the enemie will not giue a man leaue or leysure at leastwise if they be men of courage In the night one cannot directly and thorowly neyther discouer the flankes Bulwarks and Ditches neither behold many particularities which be necessary to him which will aptly in good order prepare himselfe to make an assault But the same discouery may be well and commodiously doone when the Trenches shall be made the which may bring him euen to the Ditches There the Generall himselfe may at his ease behold and discerne all that he desires to know Touching the manner and fashion to make the Trenches although there be diuers opinions neuerthelesse for the greater satis-faction of the Reader I haue drawne out diuers fashions which séeme to be most commodious most sure and most easie as in the sundry portratures of thys Booke dooth appeare But aboue all he must prouide that in the Trenches there be places to plant the bodie of the watch assured and in such sort as they may be able to giue succoure one to another Likewise there ought to be issues or passages to goe out of them as you may behold by thys figure Thys doone you must choose a place to plant your Artillarie with Gabions Wooll-packs and other Engines proper to those affayres and carefully take order and foresee that the Maister Gunner and Cunstable of the Artillarie and other inferiour Officers haue experience and good knowledge herein Accomodate thicke boardes or tymber close together where the battery is planted for the Artillarie to run vpon and foresee that those planckes yeelde a certaine fall and discending to towards the Cannones to the intent that after they bee recueled they may be the more easily brought againe into theyr places By this meanes the péeces shall remaine assured from running and sincking into the grounde in wette and rainie weather Diuers are of opinion that the Artillarie ought not to bee planted any further distance of from the Fortresse more then one hundred and fyftie pases if the situation of the grounde will permitte I will omitte to speake of the qualitie of the Artillarie Onely I say that according to the vse in this age the Cannons ought to bee of thréescore renforced in
béeing of accord with the Marshall of the Fielde must vse his endeuour towards the prouision of ordinary victuals that it may be well conducted and better kept sometimes if it be possible renuing the same specially in a Country that is aboundant and distribute the old amongst the souldiours but for al that this must be doone when as it cannot otherwise be spent or kept good that he may drawe the money disbursed at the Officers and Collonels hands Amongst these sufficient store of victuals prouided by this Comessarie and his followers I haue séene it thought very necessary to conduct with the Armie flockes and droues of beastes great and small the which is of little hinderance or impediment because they are not of burden and for that by themselues they may be kept in good disposition and the rather béeing ayded by the Princes strong arme of authoritie This Comessary may vsually send out safe-gards or sealed Patents that there may be respect had vnto Townes and other places aboundant in scraw Corne Meale Beere Wine Oyle Cattle Powder Flesh Salt Wood Fruite and such other necessary things specially where such places be taken and comen vpon at vnawares by the Armie These commodities and Munitions he must cause to be kept with good order to the intent they may the longer serue and with one of the Generals Trumpets which may accompany the said safegards or patents or with some small Troupes of souldiours and nayle them vpon the gates of the Townes Cattles or houses these and the presence of the Trumpet with a small gaâ—…de of men of war is of sufficient force to cause the said place to be respected so much as it ought or as is necessary the which Office was very wel executed in the yéeres 1578. 1579. 1580. vnder Don Iohn and the Prince of Parma The Generall of the Armie ought to examine often and verie narrowly the principall Officers that good orders may alwaies with great diligence be executed and coÌ„tinually with circumspect care alwaies kéepe open the vigilant eyes of the minde and those of the body warie and still waking as well in aspecting occasion as also in accepting and executing theÌ„ with rare prouidence and valour It is very requisite that he alwaies carrie with him a good and faithfull Guide and to the intent he may not by craft or trechery be deceiued such Guides ought alwaies to goe vnder a sure gard giuen in charge and recommended to good Captaines to good Officers and tryed Souldiours and sometimes it shall bee good to carry them bound and specially in a suspected Country or that they be of a strange language and vnknowne to them For sometimes either of peruerse purpose or fainting hart in suddaine assaults which at vnawares arise by meanes of the Enemie and by the suddaine noyse of Allarmes they doo flée away and saue themselues Sometimes eyther through the commodious darknes of the night or els through the knowledge of the Country vnknowne to those they haue guided But to satis-fie both Guides and Spyes instruments so necessary and profitable to the honourable profession of Armes a man must neuer appoint or limit any certaine bound to expences but rather largely and liberally pay and recompence them without making any spare For as it is a thing most manifest and cleere that hauing such as be good and faithful the victory remaines as it were certaine so the contrary dooth easily succeede when his continuall and wakefull eye hath not respect to these substantiall aduertisements Neyther can any Captaines execute or commaund with more assurance or better to the purpose then those which are well conducted and led by Guides and instructed so neere as is possible of all the Enemies determinations and in what manner and forme he will worke by the intelligences of his Espyals But hee must beware hee take carefull paynes to examine all things himselfe without trusting to the indirect endeuor of any other person And therfore it is a most necessary and excellent quality to vnderstand and speake many languages by imitating that most famous and victorious Emperour Charles the fist since that hee himselfe dyd vnderstand the speech of euery Nation accustomed to practise with him and to the most part of them sententicusly and pithilie coulde aunswer by reason that not onely for thys respect the beneuolence of diuers Nations and particuler persons is gained which is a thing that much imports but also moreouer deceite is auoided which through the defect and naturall vice of diuers malignent Interpreters might ensue wherefore it is euer good to be doubtful Hée must of necessitie haue with him such persons as be professed in Souldiours Architecture for the most part properlie called by the name of Ingeniors who must haue knowledge to cause and cast out the proportion of Trenches to make them of sufficient defence and to frame massiue Bulwarks large and reall Ditches Gabions radled round about to forme great Parapets and not onely to be good inuentors with iust proportions but also more studious of the plots and formes and those things that be therunto correspondent and how to accomodate himselfe to the reasonable situation which is to be fortefied and the in effect they haue greater knowledge in warlike then in domesticall Architecture of which I haue in a particuler discourse intreated in my fist Booke Likwise it is very good he take delight chiefly in cases of suspect although he haue lodged his Armie in a place that is of a good strong situation to compasse the most weake places thereof with ditches Trenches of good proportion reasonable wel flancked That he take care to kéepe repayre those places that be strong by nature with all dilligent and arteficiall meanes For so much as from those places that appeare most assured manie great â—…uines are receiued either through the negligence of the wearied watch or through the secret policie the aspiring mindes of the enemie neither ought he to omit or flée any toyle or trauell for good Souldiours in vrgent necessities by examplare incouragement doe more willingly and readily worke then the Pyoners themselues as was very well performed in enuironing the Campe against the Lanzgraue and the rest of the Lutheran sect in that trouble some time of Charles the fifth Emperour and as succéeded specially in Inglistate one of the francke townes where vpon the suddaine was made a wonderfull worke of Trenches of sufficient force to resist the incredible furie of the enemies mighty Armie who had the aduantage both in horse-men footemen Artillarie with the which thrée daies continually they did batter assault and made wonderfull slaughter amongst the Emperiall Squadrons placed with great disaduantage in a discouered and open ground by reason of the low situation determining to force the Emperiall Armie to dislodge the better after eyther to conquer or driue them the Country The which through this great worke of Trenches and together with many Carres planted vppon the one side
and vppon the other the great Riuer Danubie and in front with certaine Pondes and Ditches of water and vpon the backe the town of Inglistate it was altogether compassed and enuironed of sufficient force But touching these respects looke in my fourth booke where I haue particularly touched this matter Moreouer it is necessary that the Captayne Generall doe sometimes ryde by night about the Campe and admonish the watch that they remaine ready and vigilant since that in the eies and eares of so fewe the health sauegarde of all the Campe doth consist As little as may be he must suffer alarums to be gyuen to his people either by daye or by night or at any tyme whatsoeuer but if thereunto hee bee constrayned lette him make it secretly and without striking vp the Drums or sounding Trompets but rather vse Drum stickes and Surdines Or otherwise in respect and place of those Instruments which in such cases are accustomed to be sounded It is very conuenient he send some persons of authority of purpose therunto appoynted to passe round about and through the Campe to aduertise appoint spéedily such thinges as are to be performed hauing before hand had perfect discouerie of the enimie and giuen resolute commission to make the alarum Which quiet kinde of procéeding shall afterwards cause lesse traueyle and much more reputation to his people and to himselfe and to his enemy great confusion and disconragement perceiuing that by their pollitike and valiant procéeding they do smally estéeme or feare them Which at sundrie alarums in the Campe surprises of Townes Camisadoes c. I haue in the low Countries vnder Don Iohn seene pollitikely put in practise Hee ought when any alarum shall chaunce to bee gyuen to take order with the high Marshall with as great dilligence as he â—…anne to double the Corps de garde and watch which ought before hande to be placed with great Iudgement in places that bée strong by nature or otherwise fortefied by arte Besides he must carry a speciall care and vse a singuler dilligence not to giue occasion of Mutinies the which are accustomed for the most parte to bring foorth extreame ruine chiefly when they bee of naughtie nature although the dignitie authority and power of the Captayne Generall bee very great for there is almost neuer any remedy vsed agaynst such vprores without great losse of reputation and authority so great is the terrible furie of this franticke encounter He neuer ought to suffer his Collonelles neither his Captaines to haue any dead payes or supply their roomes by others that passe vnder their names in Muster for in time of important neede many times the Captayne Generall shal finde his Forces very much weakened contrarie to his expectation A thing verie daungerous for the totall ruine of the whole Armie Together with this aduertisement hee ought to be alwayes courteous and liberall towards those that do follow him to the intent his Chieftaine may courteously entertayne those that be good Souldiours A thing worthy to be noted He must search by all meanes possible to kéepe his Armie continually couragions and wyth aspiring mindes by arteficiall functions to the enemies confusion Sometimes dispearsing a rumor that hee hath intercepted and taken certayne aduertisements of importance Somtimes to â—…aigne that he hath the commoditie to ayde himselfe with the succours of many Princes and coÌ„mon Princes although there be no such matter To make ioyfull Triumphes and shewes with Artillarie arteficial fyres and bondfyres in the euenings and sometimes making shew that he hath a desire to assault and inuade the enemy by night by Camisado they beeing vnprouided as did Charles the fift against the Lantzgraue vppon the arriuall of Counte de Bure with succours out of Flaunders or as did Iulian Romero vnder the Duke of Alua when the Prince of Orange was repulsed from before Mountes in he nault Besides this hee may vse like functions artes or Stratagemes to aduance his warlike affayres for it is a vertue to vse deceit in Militarie actions thereby to further the procéedings of iustice against manifest enemies when it is lawfull to assault either with crafte or force either openly or couertly for that which doth succéede whether it fall out by deceit or valour is comendable in warlike actions As did Don Iohn in suprising the Castell of Namures a thing which fell out to be the safty of himselfe the whole Countrey and the cause whereby hee had meanes to reuenge himselfe of his enemies at such times as we gaue theÌ„ that famous ouerthrow betwixt Namures and Gibloe Let the Generall haue great care to such chaunces and accidents as haue néed of present remedy repayring them with carefull prouidence by reason that the most occasions which fal out in wars can suffer no delayes for whilst some haue béene in consulting and deferring the matter but a little moment of time they haue at that instant receiued losse not able to be recouered therfore to proceede with a wise and spéedie policie is of infinite aduantage yea and altogether necessary He must alwayes haue in memory the not by reason he is Superior in number multitude of souldiours he may make assured account of victory but rather through the good order he doth obserue in disposing framing a ready obedience and the exercise of a true approued practise in warlike actions is the only meanes to performe the same dooth cause the difference thorowly to bee discerned betwixt one Captaine Generall and an other For the art of Militarie profession dooth nourish in the breastes of men which follow this exercise a valiant and aspiring mind to fight Therfore as from thence safty and victory doth procéede so contrariwise by not possessing the same losse and totall ruine doth follow Since that practise doth make a man abound with exquisite qualities whereby courage is kindled in our harts and contrariwise quenched in him that is a Nouice and fresh water souldier in the exercise of these causes which in euery respect is grounded vppon long experience conference and reading and not by proud and presumptuous rashnes He must likewise remember that many times in new begun wars specially against straunge nations a new forme of fight is requisite The election of new armes is necessary the varying of order the studie of a new art Likewise it is good to Campe and discampe often when it may be done without manifest perill and without suspicion or daunger of the enemy for thereby the infection of the ayre is auoided and souldiours kéept exercised who by lying still become flouthfull and negligent Moreouer the Marshal of the field hauing at euery lodging either planted or entrenched the Campe it is most necessary for the Generall beeing accompanyed with some Caualieres of his owne Courte and guarde hauing before hym hys generall Trumpet and his Guidon or Cornet displayde without which hee ought neuer to goe abroade to ride vp and downe to visite the quarters
or any other of a quarter xx d' And in other meete place where the freight is greater the other charges are the lesse so as it may be doone for the price I haue made no mention of waste which is to be borne by the ouer measure béeing bought for ready money by former bargaines except shipwracke and casualtie of the Enemie So I account wheate to be deliuered at Barwicke cléere of all charges and freight at xvj sÌ„ viij d' the quarter one time with another as before And where the Baker alloweth to deliuer in Bread for euery quarter of good wheate xx sÌ„ cléere of all charges and wast after the deliuery there of at Barwicke by this order of prouision the freight wast and all other charges allowed except casualtie of the Enemie and shypwracke there remaineth profit in euerie quarter iij. s. iiij d' Sum ij C. xliij l. vj. s. viij d' These may suffise for the order of the Bakehouse for Breade and prouision of corne for the same sauing there is to be considered to haue in store at all times in wood ij C. loade euery three Monethes to be renewed to euery Mill a paire of spare stones and tymber for repration All implements and necessaries to bee double furnished for the said charge and for the horse and carts of the same Certaine notes for wheate-meale and bread A bushell of good wheate meale as it commeth from the Myll and weying lvj l. will make in houshold breade lxxij l. so that it will take in liquour beside that is dryed in baking beeing weyed within xxiiij houres after the baking xvj l. that is for vij l. of meale ix l. of bread Take vij l. of bran out of a bushell of good meale weying lvj l. the xlix l. remayning will make in good wheaten bread lxiij l. and that paste wil make in ordinary bisket being conuerted to that vse xlij l. and taking thrée pounde and a halfe more of bran from the said meale the forty fiue pounde and a halfe remayning will make in white bread xlij l. or in white biskette twentie eyght pound A bushell of wheate weying but fifty two pound to the Myll if you will make it equal with good meale take out of the same ten pound of bran and the fortie two pound remaining will make in wheate n bread fifty foure pound or in ordinary bisket thirty sixe pounde that is of a quarter of such wheate two hundred two quarters viij l. taken out of the same for grinding and it wyll make but two hundred one quarter ordinary biskette except ye take out lesse branne and make courser bread then the ordinarie vse of the same The lighter wheate the courser and more bran and there is worse wheate then is héere mentioned The heauier wheate the finer meale and lesse branne and there is better also then is héere declared Some wheate wyll wey more then weight in a quarter fourtéene pound some twenty eyght pound So of light wheate the Baker maketh course breade and to small profit and of good weighty wheate fayre bread to the Bakers honesty and profit Because diuersitie of measures shold be auoided there is considered for wast in prouision the ouermeasure and for waste in the Graynars the Mylles to be parcell of the Bakehouse so that the Baker to aunswere that wast as before Thus much is declared for wheate and the Bakers in theyr charge The order for the Brewhouse THE Brewer deliuering double béere at thirtie shyllings the Tunne the Souldiour to haue a wine quarte for a halfe penie and deliuering strong beere at fortie eyght shillings the tun the Souldiour to haue a wine quart for ob q. And the Brewers to allow the Officers for euery quarter of Mault xiij sÌ„ iiij d' and for euery quarter of wheate xx shyllings cléere of all charges and waste in the garners after the deliuery of the same at Barwicke froÌ„ aboorde the shyps there except casualty of the Enemy Necessaries and implements wood coale wages of Clarks Brewers Myllers Coopers Carters and Labourers for the Brewhouse the appurtenaunces and carriage of prouision with horse and cartes for the same Hoppes and Beerecorne caske and hoopes or any other necessaries are to be founde by this rate and price of Beere without any other allowance sauing waste and charges of as much Maulte wheate Beerecorne or caske as shall be otherwise employed then with beere to be deliuered by those which were charged with the receite and carryage from the shyps and kéeping the garners of the same The Brew houses horse myls Garners and store houses for this charge beeing furnished with implements and necessaries and in good order of repration at the entrance into seruice are so to be maintained and kept in and by all things except casualtie of the Enemy And to be deliuered at the departure from seruice in as good order and furniture of all things as they were receiued without any other allowance then for carryage of Beere to the pettie Uictuallers as hath béene and is at Barwicke accustomed If there should be demaunded any greater price for Maulte then must the Béere be smaller and the water the Brewers freende for gayne to maintaine this charge And for that I haue considered the great charges of the appurtenances before declared I haue rated both kindes of Béere by the Tunne in proporcion and howe allowance is founde for the maintenance of the same Double Beere in proporcion by the Tunne TO euery Tunne in Mault x. Bushelles and a halfe allowance for waste in the Garners at xiij shillings iiij pence the quarter xvij sÌ„ vj d' In Wheate one Bushell ij sÌ„ vj d' In Dates halfe a Bushell v d' In Hoppes vij pound at xx sÌ„ for a hundreth xv d' Wood and Coales to euery Tunne xx d' Repration of the Houses implements necessaries and waste of Caske ij sÌ„ ij d' Mayntenaunce of men for the sayd charge allowed of euery Tunne iij sÌ„ iiij d. Maintenance of horse to the Mylles and Cartes for carriage of prouision xiiij d' So haue yée the Tunne of double Béere at xxx s. Strong Beere in proportion by the Tunne To euery Tunne in Mault two quarters and thrée peckes allowance for waste in the Garners xxviij s. In Wheat two Bushels v s. In Oates one Bushell x d' In Hoppes viij poâ—…nd and a halfe xviij d' Wood and Coale to euery Tunne ij s. vj. Reprations of the Houses implements necessaries and waste of Caske iij s. iiij d' Mayntenance of men for the sayde charge allowed of euery Tunne v s. Mayntenaunce of Horse to the Mylles and Cartes for carriage of prouision xxij d' So yée haue the Tun of stronge Béere as appeareth at xlviij s. The proportion for 600 coÌ„mon souldiours a yéere in double Béere after the order of this booke 456 Tunne in hegsheades The proportioÌ„ for foure hundred greater allowance a yéere in strong Béere after the order of this booke thrée hundred foure