enchiridion_n legum_n a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o beginning_n nature_n difference_n progress_n and_o use_v of_o law_n in_o general_z and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o common_a &_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n london_n print_v by_o elizabeth_n flesher_n john_n streater_n and_o henry_n twyford_n assign_v of_o richard_n atkins_n &_o edw._n atkins_n esquire_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o g._n s._n h._n t._n j._n p._n w._n p._n j._n b._n t._n b._n r._n p._n c._n w._n t._n d._n w._n j._n c._n h._n j._n l._n j._n a._n j._n w._n &_o j._n p._n m_o dc_o lxx_o iii_o the_o head_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n contain_v in_o this_o treatise_n chap._n i._n the_o definition_n etymology_n division_n perfection_n and_o imperfection_n of_o law_n what_o be_v require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o necessity_n pag._n 1._o chap._n ii_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o là w_n of_o nature_n of_o nation_n the_o civil_a and_o municipal_a law_n pag._n 16._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o other_o law_n pag._n 31._o chap._n iu._n a_o answer_n to_o certain_a objection_n usual_o make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 57_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereby_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o be_v chief_o obtain_v pag._n 83._o chap._n vi_o of_o estate_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 89._o chap._n vii_o of_o assurance_n &_o conveyance_n which_o grow_v out_o of_o these_o estate_n by_o the_o common-law_n pag._n 95._o chap._n viii_o of_o action_n and_o of_o their_o trial_n according_a to_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n pag._n 103._o chap._n ix_o of_o trial_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 106._o chap._n x._o of_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o minister_n and_o proceed_n of_o our_o law_n conceive_v worthy_a to_o be_v reform_v pag._n 111._o enchiridion_n legum_n chap._n 1._o the_o definition_n etymology_n division_n perfection_n and_o imperfection_n of_o law_n what_o be_v require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o necessity_n mean_v to_o treat_v first_o of_o law_n in_o general_a and_o next_o of_o the_o common_a or_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o conceive_v it_o can_v be_v unprofitable_a for_o a_o introduction_n unto_o this_o intendment_n to_o set_v down_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o law_n whereof_o justinian_n have_v deliver_v three_o derive_v out_o of_o demosthenes_n chrysippus_n and_o papinian_n one_o be_v that_o a_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v that_o whereunto_o man_n ought_v to_o yield_v obedience_n as_o in_o other_o respect_n so_o especial_o in_o this_o because_o it_o be_v a_o invention_n of_o the_o god_n a_o decree_n of_o wise_a man_n a_o correction_n of_o offence_n commit_v either_o witting_o or_o ignorant_o a_o covenant_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n with_o one_o accord_n after_o the_o direction_n whereof_o every_o citizen_n ought_v to_o order_v his_o life_n the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o sovereign_n of_o all_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a that_o be_v a_o commander_n a_o guide_n and_o a_o square_a both_o of_o good_a and_o bad_a enjoin_v that_o which_o be_v fit_a and_o forbid_v the_o contrary_a the_o one_o of_o these_o be_v rather_o a_o description_n than_o a_o definition_n and_o it_o describe_v rather_o the_o natural_a than_o the_o positive_a law_n and_o the_o other_o be_v fit_v rather_o to_o a_o orator_n than_o a_o lawyer_n we_o may_v therefore_o let_v they_o pass_v and_o proceed_v to_o the_o three_o which_o set_v down_o the_o law_n to_o be_v a_o general_a determination_n of_o wise_a man_n a_o comptroller_n of_o fault_n either_o escape_v through_o ignorance_n or_o commit_v upon_o wilfulness_n and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a agreement_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n jason_n observe_v that_o the_o law_n be_v a_o general_a commandment_n in_o three_o respect_n either_o because_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o a_o general_a authority_n or_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o and_o bind_v all_o or_o else_o because_o it_o be_v intend_v general_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o all_o cicero_n define_v the_o law_n to_o be_v a_o certain_a reason_n flow_v from_o the_o divine_a mind_n which_o do_v persuade_v that_o which_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v the_o contrary_n and_o plato_n say_v that_o the_o law_n obtain_v a_o name_n like_o to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o whilst_o the_o law_n be_v define_v by_o the_o divine_a mind_n it_o seem_v as_o one_o say_v to_o be_v define_v by_o that_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a and_o general_a than_o subject_n to_o common_a capacity_n yet_o be_v these_o definition_n in_o some_o sort_n true_a be_v rather_o refer_v to_o the_o eternal_a law_n than_o to_o the_o positive_a and_o humane_a law_n as_o shall_v be_v short_o show_v in_o his_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o that_o these_o as_o the_o former_a be_v as_o be_v say_v before_o rather_o description_n than_o perfect_a definition_n to_o come_v more_o near_o to_o the_o purpose_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o humane_a law_n be_v a_o order_n and_o ordinance_n include_v the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o govern_v and_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o due_n direct_v to_o the_o end_n of_o public_a good_a determine_v punishment_n to_o the_o transgressor_n and_o reward_n to_o the_o obedient_a therefore_o to_o conclude_v humane_a law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o ordinance_n and_o agreement_n of_o wise_a man_n conclude_v by_o public_a authority_n for_o the_o peace_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n live_v together_o in_o society_n it_o be_v say_v for_o the_o great_a part_n because_o no_o humane_a positive_a law_n be_v so_o general_o good_a unto_o all_o but_o that_o it_o be_v hurtful_a unto_o some_o by_o accident_n if_o not_o of_o itself_o if_o any_o do_v desire_n to_o know_v from_o law_n the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n lex_n which_o we_o call_v law_n whence_o this_o word_n lex_n which_o in_o english_a we_o call_v law_n be_v derive_v some_o will_v say_v with_o isidorus_n that_o it_o have_v his_o etymology_n à _fw-la legendo_fw-la because_o after_o the_o law_n be_v write_v it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v read_v unto_o the_o people_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a in_o that_o the_o read_n of_o the_o law_n by_o way_n of_o promulgation_n be_v but_o accidentary_a and_o no_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o law_n although_o some_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o law_n can_v not_o be_v perfect_o establish_v until_o it_o be_v promulgate_v by_o way_n of_o proclamation_n other_o will_v derive_v the_o word_n lex_n à _fw-la ligando_fw-la for_o as_o much_o as_o divine_v hold_v that_o man_n be_v tie_v in_o foro_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v bind_v under_o penalty_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o yet_o cicero_n concur_v with_o the_o first_o derivation_n but_o with_o a_o farther-fetched_a reason_n than_o the_o former_a quoth_v lex_n idem_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la legendi_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la eligendi_fw-la regula_fw-la the_o reason_n be_v nam_fw-la regula_fw-la dirigendo_fw-la docet_fw-la eligere_fw-la it_o may_v yet_o well_o enough_o agree_v unto_o both_o for_o one_o say_v habet_fw-la lex_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la regula_n &_o quod_fw-la sit_fw-la obligatoria_fw-la praeceptio_fw-la how_o soever_o these_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n lex_n do_v stand_v false_a or_o true_a it_o make_v not_o much_o matter_n so_o we_o leave_v they_o as_o more_o grammatical_a and_o conjectural_a than_o certain_a and_o infallible_a the_o word_n lex_n which_o in_o english_a we_o law_n a_o double_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n law_n call_v law_n have_v in_o our_o language_n a_o double_a signification_n or_o be_v take_v two_o way_n for_o it_o be_v take_v both_o for_o that_o which_o the_o latin_n term_v lex_fw-la and_o for_o that_o which_o they_o call_v juris_fw-la prudentia_fw-la the_o one_o be_v the_o art_n of_o the_o other_o for_o lex_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v and_o to_o be_v leave_v undo_v but_o juris_fw-la prudentia_fw-la be_v the_o knowledge_n and_o method_n of_o that_o rule_n as_o justice_n be_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o both_o which_o have_v his_o force_n in_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o in_o praemio_fw-la paena_fw-la &_o debito_fw-la so_o then_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n the_o word_n law_n be_v proper_o apply_v but_o in_o the_o second_o it_o be_v somewhat_o large_o extend_v yet_o use_v and_o common_a opinion_n have_v so_o accept_v it_o this_o law_n have_v for_o his_o subject_n and_o object_v the_o rule_n of_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n except_o god_n himself_o who_o be_v the_o great_a rule-giver_n and_o lawmaker_n and_o he_o
be_v not_o so_o good_a french_a as_o dubertus_n his_o day_n and_o week_n yet_o it_o come_v then_o in_o a_o manner_n near_o to_o frossard_n his_o use_v our_o law_n write_v at_o the_o first_o in_o french_a come_v then_o near_o the_o speech_n at_o that_o time_n use_v french_a in_o his_o history_n which_o be_v make_v about_o that_o time_n as_o apuleius_n his_o latin_a being_n no_o roman_n do_v unto_o the_o phrase_n of_o livy_n cicero_n and_o such_o like_a some_o corruption_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v in_o tract_n of_o time_n of_o a_o tongue_n speak_v in_o another_o country_n and_o consonant_n with_o another_o different_a language_n as_o the_o french_a be_v here_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o ancient_a book_n as_o britton_n hengham_n and_o the_o year_n book_n of_o the_o first_o succeed_a age_n be_v in_o better_a french_a than_o our_o late_a book_n be_v because_o our_o common_a lawyer_n now_o do_v imitate_v the_o ancients_n in_o such_o word_n as_o they_o have_v there_o learned_a and_o if_o they_o want_v a_o fit_a word_n in_o french_a then_o do_v they_o as_o sr._n thomas_n moor_n say_v of_o lalus_n gallicis_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la nequit_fw-la vocabulis_fw-la conat_fw-la id_fw-la verbis_fw-la licet_fw-la non_fw-la gallicis_fw-la canore_n saltem_fw-la personare_fw-la gallico_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o indeed_o the_o tongue_n wherein_o mingle_v our_o law_n french_a of_o late_a time_n much_o mingle_v the_o law_n be_v publish_v of_o late_o have_v be_v much_o mingle_v with_o french_a latin_a and_o some_o english_a that_o a_o man_n may_v compare_v it_o to_o that_o supposition_n of_o horace_n humano_fw-la capiti_fw-la cervicem_fw-la pictor_fw-la equinam_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o our_o late_a law_n french_a do_v corrupt_v the_o ancient_a law_n french_a as_o that_o in_o those_o primitive_a time_n be_v corrupt_v some_o what_o by_o the_o english_a so_o that_o the_o most_o of_o our_o law_n be_v in_o the_o ancient_a french_a for_o so_o be_v the_o year_n book_n until_o henry_n the_o seven_o his_o time_n inclusive_o deserve_v no_o more_o to_o be_v ill_o think_v on_o for_o the_o language_n although_o not_o speak_v in_o our_o or_o in_o any_o country_n than_o plautus_n his_o comedy_n because_o they_o agree_v not_o with_o latin_a author_n in_o their_o latin_a or_o chaucer_n writing_n because_o in_o word_n &_o stile_n they_o differ_v so_o much_o from_o sr._n philip_n sidneys_n select_a and_o exquisite_a phrase_n shall_v any_o man_n think_v the_o worse_a of_o the_o study_n of_o antiquity_n because_o that_o most_o thing_n wherewith_o they_o have_v deal_v withal_o be_v latin_a the_o study_n of_o antiquity_n not_o to_o be_v mislike_v for_o the_o ill_a latin_a history_n of_o the_o middle_n and_o late_a age_n on_o this_o side_n christ_n nativity_n be_v write_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o very_o mean_a latin_a neither_o be_v it_o any_o good_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o our_o tongue_n wherein_o the_o law_n be_v write_v be_v no_o tongue_n because_o it_o be_v not_o speak_v for_o about_o charlemagne_n his_o time_n as_o appear_v in_o lipsius_n his_o epistle_n the_o right_a french_a do_v more_o differ_v from_o and_o seem_v more_o barbarous_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o smothtongued_a now_o use_v in_o france_n than_o our_o law_n french_a about_o edward_n the_o first_o use_v the_o ancient_a french_a more_o rude_a than_o that_o now_o use_v his_o time_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o natural_a french_a then_o in_o use_n so_o as_o it_o be_v a_o tongue_n then_o much_o speak_v but_o now_o much_o vary_v and_o alter_v where_o it_o be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o tongue_n unknown_a certain_o it_o be_v by_o student_n of_o the_o law_n as_o easy_o and_o far_o more_o easy_o learn_v than_o any_o other_o language_n can_v be_v for_o within_o less_o than_o a_o seven-night_n study_v it_o will_v be_v indifferent_o understand_v and_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v common_o understand_v of_o all_o man_n understand_v our_o law_n french_a easy_o understand_v fit_a that_o the_o language_n wherein_o our_o law_n be_v write_v shall_v not_o be_v common_o understand_v there_o be_v great_a reason_n and_o no_o profit_n but_o peril_n in_o the_o contrary_a for_o if_o all_o man_n whereof_o the_o great_a number_n be_v of_o unquiet_a spirit_n shall_v at_o the_o first_o fight_n understand_v the_o language_n wherein_o our_o law_n be_v write_v that_o will_v breed_v but_o small_a rest_n to_o they_o that_o will_v most_o desire_v peace_n therefore_o i_o can_v see_v what_o impeachment_n of_o credit_n it_o be_v to_o our_o law_n that_o they_o be_v write_v in_o such_o a_o language_n if_o of_o themselves_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discommend_v which_o in_o the_o other_o point_n will_v somewhat_o appear_v for_o the_o second_o objection_n that_o our_o method_n 2._o the_o second_o objection_n that_o our_o law_n do_v want_v method_n law_n want_v method_n and_o order_n for_o method_n which_o indeed_o in_o all_o learning_n be_v to_o be_v wish_v for_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o find_v or_o frame_v in_o our_o law_n but_o that_o be_v no_o great_a disgrace_n to_o the_o law_n for_o hardly_o shall_v we_o find_v any_o faculty_n that_o be_v without_o any_o defect_n as_o sr._n francis_n bacon_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o the_o advancement_n of_o learning_n have_v well_o note_v whereas_o also_o there_o be_v not_o a_o hard_a point_n in_o logic_n and_o rhetoric_n than_o the_o right_n distinguish_v of_o the_o true_a methodical_a part_n in_o any_o faculty_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o multitude_n of_o writer_n in_o each_o faculty_n indeed_o the_o method_n long_o before_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v bring_v into_o method_n civil_a law_n be_v easy_a for_o student_n after_o such_o time_n as_o justinian_n have_v digest_v the_o 2000_o book_n and_o 300000_o verse_n wherein_o it_o be_v scatter_v and_o confuse_v the_o like_o whereof_o may_v be_v wish_v in_o our_o law_n but_o upon_o what_o ground_n hope_v for_o i_o can_v yet_o method_n the_o difficulty_n of_o digest_v our_o law_n into_o a_o method_n discern_v for_o no_o small_a impediment_n therein_o will_v be_v see_v our_o law_n be_v ground_v so_o much_o upon_o reason_n which_o alter_v and_o reform_v other_o precedent_a error_n hardly_o can_v there_o be_v a_o methodical_a digest_v draw_v of_o all_o the_o year_n book_n i_o mean_v for_o authority_n and_o not_o only_o for_o study_n which_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o stand_v always_o firm_a for_o law_n without_o it_o be_v first_o so_o determine_v by_o parliament_n the_o confirmation_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v will_v come_v ad_fw-la calendas_fw-la graecas_fw-la but_o for_o study_v the_o time_n may_v come_v profitable_a a_o private_a method_n for_o study_n more_o easy_a and_o profitable_a that_o by_o the_o example_n of_o littleton_n for_o tenor_n and_o common_a law_n conveyance_n and_o estate_n stanford_n for_o the_o crown_n plea_n theloal_n for_o writ_n gregory_n for_o warranty_n and_o few_o more_o head_n kitchen_n for_o court_n together_o with_o crompton_n and_o lambard_n so_o by_o their_o example_n some_o great_a lawyer_n may_v settle_v themselves_o to_o imitation_n this_o perchance_o may_v be_v remedy_v by_o some_o skilful_a scholastical_a lawyer_n but_o whether_o the_o remedy_n will_v not_o be_v worse_o than_o the_o disease_n and_o whether_o it_o will_v not_o make_v any_o truant_n of_o such_o as_o otherwise_o may_v prove_v painful_a student_n let_v it_o be_v their_o judgement_n who_o be_v judicial_a and_o not_o they_o who_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a in_o our_o law_n method_n what_o inconvenience_n may_v follow_v the_o digest_v of_o our_o law_n into_o a_o precise_a method_n for_o this_o be_v most_o to_o be_v fear_v which_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o where_o abridgement_n be_v and_o where_o by_o compendious_a method_n some_o strive_v to_o give_v life_n and_o lustre_n unto_o the_o be_v they_o profess_v the_o student_n thereof_o covet_v to_o come_v the_o next_o way_n to_o their_o jornies_n end_n do_v like_o those_o traveller_n which_o to_o avoid_v some_o long_a though_o the_o safe_a way_n do_v choose_v to_o adventure_v the_o passage_n over_o a_o bridge_n who_o foundation_n may_v yet_o be_v faulty_a &_o so_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o journey_n rather_o than_o to_o go_v somewhat_o far_o unto_o a_o ford_n where_o there_o be_v less_o danger_n and_o a_o sure_a though_o somewhat_o a_o long_a passage_n i_o will_v not_o say_v that_o there_o be_v the_o like_a hazard_n in_o methodical_a composition_n of_o our_o anual_n or_o year_n book_n of_o the_o law_n but_o sure_o we_o see_v that_o many_o student_n be_v already_o more_o addict_v to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o new_a than_o of_o the_o old_a year_n book_n law_n the_o peril_n that_o student_n desire_v to_o read_v the_o new_a and_o to_o omit_v the_o old_a book_n of_o our_o law_n wherein_o seek_v to_o save_v pain_n some_o may_v fortune_n to_o find_v in_o the_o end_n that_o to_o offer_v
call_v by_o that_o name_n imitate_v the_o ancient_a druid_n of_o this_o land_n but_o yet_o go_v far_o than_o they_o who_o follow_v the_o pythagorean_n do_v not_o commit_v their_o learning_n to_o write_v or_o rather_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o by_o the_o institution_n of_o lycurgus_n hold_v all_o law_n not_o write_v who_o as_o plutarch_n report_v exiguos_fw-la illos_fw-la &_o pecuniarios_fw-la contractus_fw-la quique_fw-la propter_fw-la usum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la subinde_fw-la immutantur_fw-la praestare_fw-la censebat_fw-la scriptis_fw-la legibus_fw-la non_fw-la comprehendi_fw-la neque_fw-la immobilibus_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la illigari_fw-la sed_fw-la permittendum_fw-la ut_fw-la pro_fw-la ratione_fw-la temporis_fw-la augerentur_fw-la diminuerentúrve_v secundum_fw-la probe_n institutorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la yet_o our_o law_n do_v not_o give_v so_o much_o liberty_n to_o the_o judge_n but_o yet_o not_o only_a politician_n and_o moralist_n but_o also_o the_o civil_a 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