Selected quad for the lemma: book_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	great_a	king_n	lord_n	3,359	5	3.6445	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A37238	Jus imponendi vectigana, or, The learning touching customs, tonnage, poundage, and impositions on merchandizes, asserted as well from the rules of the common and civil law, as of generall reason and policy of state / by Sir John Davis ...	Davies, John, Sir, 1569-1626.	1659 (1659)	Wing D403; ESTC R36082	63,305	189

et_fw-la invectis_fw-la be_v the_o most_o ancient_a duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v the_o same_o ground_v say_v bodin_n upon_o the_o great_a reason_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o world_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rationi_fw-la et_fw-la aequitati_fw-la magis_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la quàm_fw-la et_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la in_fw-la nostro_fw-la territorio_fw-la et_fw-la ex_fw-la nostris_fw-la questum_fw-la facit_fw-la principi_fw-la nostro_fw-la cujus_fw-la permissu_fw-la et_fw-la sub_fw-la cujus_fw-la protectione_fw-la negotiatur_fw-la aliquod_fw-la perdat_fw-la et_fw-la presolvat_fw-la and_o this_o common_a reason_n and_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o these_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n what_o be_v it_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o common_a reason_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o man_n for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n and_o which_o all_o nation_n have_v receive_v and_o embrace_v for_o their_o mutual_a benefit_n and_o commodity_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o only_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n habet_fw-la et_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la say_v bracton_n bracton_n alia_fw-la privilegia_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la propria_fw-la viz._n soreceum_fw-la maris_fw-la thesaurum_fw-la insentum_fw-la grossos_fw-la pisces_fw-la and_o balenas_fw-la et_fw-la sturgiones_fw-la wavias_n etc._n etc._n huiusmodi_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentiune_n pertinent_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la say_v stampford_n prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la fol._n 37._o 6._o add_v hereunto_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n league_n and_o truce_n to_o grant_v safe_a conduct_n to_o pardon_v all_o offender_n to_o distribute_v all_o degree_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o the_o king_n have_v sole_a and_o absolute_a power_n merune_v imperium_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la mixtum_fw-la and_o which_o prerogative_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o crown_n and_o incident_a to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 37.6_o last_o for_o the_o proof_n that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o most_o of_o these_o case_n the_o book_n 19_o edw._n 4._o 6._o 4.6_o do_v approve_v the_o king_n absolute_a power_n in_o make_v war_n peace_n and_o league_n and_o in_o 37_o edw._n 6._o 20._o 6.20_o that_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereby_o the_o high_a constable_n and_o marshal_n of_o england_n do_v proceed_v in_o their_o court_n of_o war_n and_o chivalry_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n we_o find_v also_o the_o king_n sole_a power_n in_o 11_o hen._n 4._o 4_o rot._n parliament_n in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n we_o have_v the_o case_n of_o mine_n com._n 316._o 316_o for_o safe_a conduct_n of_o merchant_n and_o stop_v of_o trade_n tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la and_o letter_n of_o reprisal_n we_o have_v 7_o edw._n 4.19.2_o r._n 3.2_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o cap.30_n and_o the_o register_n wherein_o we_o find_v writ_n of_o reprisal_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n mercaturavel_v societas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la est_fw-la magna_fw-la respublica_fw-la say_v ulpian_n ulpian_n and_o therefore_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o merchant_n have_v always_o have_v a_o peculiar_a and_o proper_a law_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v it_o this_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n merchant_n whereof_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n do_v take_v special_a knowledge_n first_o both_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o cause_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n for_o what_o say_v the_o book_n of_o 13_o edw._n 4.9_o 10_o 4.9,10_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n make_v suit_n before_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n for_o certain_a bail_n of_o silk_n felonious_o take_v from_o he_o and_o it_o be_v move_v that_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o common_a law_n unto_o which_o motion_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n do_v there_o answer_n this_o suit_n be_v bring_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o sue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o tarry_v the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n nor_o other_o solemnity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n albeit_o the_o king_n have_v jurisdiction_n of_o he_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o stand_v to_o his_o judgement_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o some_o call_v the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o law_n universal_a throughout_o the_o word_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o book_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n that_o if_o the_o merchandize_n of_o such_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v steal_v and_o wave_v by_o the_o felon_n the_o king_n himself_o shall_v not_o take_v those_o merchandize_n as_o waif_n though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o good_n of_o another_o person_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o this_o case_n make_v it_o manifest_a that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o common_a law_n merchandize_n that_o cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n quality_n and_o consideration_n than_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o be_v possess_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n this_o learning_n be_v not_o common_a in_o our_o book_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o meet_v to_o exemplify_v this_o difference_n with_o more_o case_n in_o this_o point_n if_o two_o merchant_n be_v joint-owner_n or_o partner_n in_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint-contract_n in_o this_o case_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o die_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la say_v the_o register_n fol._n 135._o and_o f._n n._n 117._o d._n d._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o possess_v of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o account_n for_o the_o same_o again_o if_o two_o merchant_n have_v a_o joint_a interest_n in_o merchandize_n if_o the_o own_o die_v the_o survivor_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o but_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_a shall_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n call_v the_o survivor_n to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o moiety_n f.n._n 117._o d._n d._n whereas_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_n of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o survivor_n shall_v have_v all_o per_fw-la jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la even_o by_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v without_o deed_n in_o writing_n the_o defendant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v he_o may_v bar_v the_o plaintiff_n of_o his_o action_n by_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o debt_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o yet_o in_o itin._n derby_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o john_n crompton_n merchant_n upon_o a_o contract_n without_o deed_n the_o defendant_n will_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n but_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v and_o so_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o say_a defendant_n again_o the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n by_o the_o common_a law_n si_fw-la non_fw-la exerceat_fw-la marchandizas_n de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la say_v the_o register_n 259._o a._o a._n for_o than_o their_o good_n be_v charge_v be_v now_o become_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o merchandize_n so_o be_v the_o good_n of_o the_o french_a nobility_n discharge_v by_o gabelle_n and_o imposition_n if_o they_o traffic_v not_o but_o if_o they_o traffic_v say_v bodin_n bodin_n their_o good_n be_v charge_v like_o other_o merchandize_n again_o for_o good_n wrongful_o take_v within_o the_o land_n the_o common_a law_n give_v remedy_n against_o the_o trespasser_n or_o the_o wrongful_a taker_n only_o but_o if_o a_o english_a merchant_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o merchandize_n upon_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o king_n the_o register_n do_v give_v he_o a_o writ_n of_o reprisal_n against_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o nation_n regist._n 122._o 6._o and_o 46_o hen._n 3._o 3_o we_o find_v a_o more_o brief_a cause_n of_o justice_n for_o there_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o

because_o the_o same_o be_v gravia_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la in_o those_o day_n we_o may_v easy_o believe_v that_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v great_a than_o the_o demi_a mark_n for_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n again_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o king_n john_n speak_v of_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n and_o the_o book_n of_o 29_o edw._n 3._o make_v mention_n of_o ancient_a custom_n grant_v to_o king_n john_n in_o the_o town_n of_o southampton_n which_o doubtless_o be_v other_o custom_n than_o that_o of_o the_o demi_a mark_n etc._n etc._n for_o that_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n 3_o edw._n 1._o rot._n sin_n 24._o and_o rot._n patent_n of_o the_o same_o year_n m._n 9_o the_o demi_a mark_n which_o be_v first_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n be_v call_v nova_n custuma_n and_o this_o be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n say_v the_o book_n of_o 30_o h._n 8._o dyer_n 43._o 43._o again_o when_o the_o same_o king_n edw._n 1._o have_v by_o his_o writ_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n establish_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n etc._n etc._n in_o ireland_n in_o all_o the_o customer_n account_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pipe-roll_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 1._o 1_o edw._n 2._o 2._o edw._n 3._o 3_o in_o that_o realm_n it_o be_v also_o call_v nova_n custuma_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o a_o new_a imposition_n for_o imposition_n be_v a_o new_a name_n and_o have_v be_v of_o use_n but_o of_o late_a year_n whereas_o every_o new_a charge_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v call_v nova_n custuma_n as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n observe_v in_o his_o argument_n in_o bates_n case_n baron_n of_o currant_n in_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n but_o because_o this_o custom_n of_o a_o demi_a mark_n be_v a_o reducement_n make_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n to_o that_o proportion_n which_o be_v then_o think_v reasonable_a as_o after_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o succeed_a prince_n it_o obtain_v in_o tract_n of_o time_n the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n this_o custom_n of_o demi_a mark_n be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n by_o parliament_n but_o reduce_v to_o that_o rate_n by_o the_o king_n by_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o commons_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 3_o edw._n 1._o 1._o fin_n memb._n 24._o for_o albeit_o the_o charter_n for_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v in_o 25_o edw._n 1._o do_v recite_v that_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o commonalty_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o act_n of_o p._n print_v or_o record_v wherein_o that_o grant_n of_o the_o commonalty_n do_v appear_v neither_o can_v it_o stand_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o cominalty_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o king_n will_v never_o have_v accept_v of_o such_o a_o grant_v as_o do_v diminish_v his_o revenue_n neither_o have_v it_o be_v thankworthy_a or_o acceptable_a and_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n will_v never_o have_v give_v his_o assent_n to_o such_o a_o grant_n in_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o this_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n and_o not_o by_o parliament_n and_o that_o by_o prayer_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o the_o record_n of_o 3_o edw._n 1._o rot._n fin_n memb._n 24._o fin.memb.24_n testify_v the_o king_n be_v then_o well_o please_v for_o that_o time_n to_o draw_v down_o the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o that_o rate_n and_o the_o people_n do_v willing_o yield_v and_o consent_v to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a interpretation_n of_o the_o charter_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1_o and_o therefore_o because_o we_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o people_n do_v original_o grant_v the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n to_o the_o king_n and_o because_o we_o find_v it_o be_v uncertain_a and_o subject_a to_o diminution_n and_o alteration_n we_o may_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n without_o any_o grant_n from_o the_o cominalty_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o can_v make_v no_o grant_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o aff●rme_v that_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n impose_v upon_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o ever_o those_o commodity_n do_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o custom_n be_v equal_a in_o time_n with_o the_o first_o sceptre_n and_o since_o the_o sceptre_n be_v establish_v many_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o people_n be_v call_v to_o be_v in_o parliament_n beside_o the_o very_a name_n of_o custom_n do_v note_n and_o argue_v that_o it_o begin_v before_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v for_o that_o it_o signify_v a_o duty_n payable_a or_o accustomable_a to_o be_v pay_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n which_o in_o presumption_n of_o law_n be_v before_o any_o record_n wherefore_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 29._o book_n be_v good_a law_n viz._n the_o king_n have_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n in_o the_o custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n as_o be_v a_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o again_o 30_o hen_n 8._o 43._o 8.43_o custom_n be_v a_o inheritance_n in_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o give_v by_o any_o statute_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v prize_n take_v out_o of_o foreign_a good_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o the_o petty-customs_n of_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n be_v accept_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o in_o lieu_n of_o prize_n for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o england_n our_o king_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v not_o take_v any_o rate_n or_o custom_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n but_o take_v such_o part_n of_o the_o several_a commodity_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la as_o they_o think_v fit_a for_o their_o proper_a use_n pay_v for_o that_o they_o take_v a_o price_n as_o themselves_o do_v likewise_o think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n price_n this_o prerogative_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n rex_fw-la nonrecognoscens_fw-la superiorem_fw-la potest_fw-la è_fw-la india_n in_fw-la propria_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o also_o by_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v give_v 31_o edw._n 3._o 60._o 3.60_o where_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n have_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n thirty_o talent_n of_o beasant_n of_o gold_n because_o the_o quantity_n and_o value_n thereof_o be_v uncertain_a it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n shall_v set_v down_o of_o what_o quantity_n and_o value_n every_o talon_n shall_v be_v and_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pay_v according_o and_o by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n whensoever_o any_o subject_n be_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a or_o ransom_n unto_o the_o king_n for_o a_o contempt_n the_o king_n himself_o do_v limit_v and_o set_v the_o fine_a or_o ransom_n at_o his_o own_o will_n or_o pleasure_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n thus_o take_v by_o the_o king_n in_o spain_n at_o his_o own_o price_n be_v call_v prize_n but_o because_o these_o prize_n be_v many_o time_n grievance_n to_o the_o merchant_n and_o bring_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o the_o king_n coffer_n that_o prudent_a prince_n edw._n 1._o by_o that_o famous_a charter_n call_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v remit_v unto_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n their_o prize_n and_o do_v grant_v quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la super_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la merchandizas_n vel_fw-la bona_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la vel_fw-la ministros_fw-la suos_fw-la nullos_fw-la nulla_fw-la appretiatio_fw-la vel_fw-la estimatio_fw-la apponeretur_fw-la and_o quod_fw-la nulla_fw-la prisa_fw-la vel_fw-la arrestatio_fw-la ratione_fw-la prisae_fw-la inde_fw-la fieret_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o charter_n do_v further_a recite_v that_o for_o the_o remission_n of_o these_o prize_n the_o merchant_n stranger_n do_v grant_v unto_o the_o king_n three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n now_o call_v the_o petty-custom_n out_o of_o all_o foreign_a merchandize_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o for_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v they_o will_v pay_v for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o three_o hundred_o wool-fell_n six_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o last_o of_o leather_n a_o demi_a mark_n

over_o and_o above_o the_o duty_n payable_a by_o denizen_n for_o the_o same_o commodity_n which_o grant_v be_v make_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o every_o nation_n not_o be_v incorporate_v and_o make_v a_o body_n politic_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o of_o no_o force_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n until_o the_o king_n charter_n make_v it_o good_a and_o maintain_v it_o until_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o parliament_n 27_o edw._n 3._o 3_o which_o be_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o charter_n upon_o the_o matter_n these_o duty_n payable_a by_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v only_o imposition_n raise_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n which_o charter_n be_v make_v in_o england_n be_v after_o ward_n establish_v exemplise_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o transmit_v into_o ireland_n with_o a_o special_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom_n there_o to_o levy_v three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n mention_v in_o that_o charter_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n there_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o write_v only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n be_v levy_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o ireland_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n call_v prizage_n and_o butlerage_n the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n be_v prizage_n butlerage_n which_o be_v not_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n but_o two_o ton_n of_o wine_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la out_o of_o every_o ship_n freight_v with_o twenty_o tun_n the_o one_o to_o be_v take_v before_o the_o mast_n and_o the_o other_o behind_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o price_n which_o the_o king_n himself_o do_v limit_v to_o pay_v be_v twenty_o shilling_n only_o for_o every_o tun_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a record_n of_o 52_o hen._n 3._o 3_o whereby_o we_o may_v conjecture_v what_o easy_a rate_v the_o king_n give_v for_o the_o prize_n of_o other_o merchandize_n this_o custom_n of_o prizage_n be_v mere_o a_o imposition_n for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o foreign_a nation_n be_v nobody_o politic_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o our_o own_o merchant_n do_v ever_o grant_v it_o unto_o the_o crown_n this_o duty_n of_o prizage_n be_v remit_v unto_o the_o stranger_n by_o the_o charter_n of_o 31_o edw._n 1._o 1_o before_o mention_v and_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o king_n before_o mention_v receive_v two_o shilling_n for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v in_o by_o stranger_n which_o we_o now_o call_v butlerage_n but_o prizage_n be_v pay_v in_fw-la specie_fw-la by_o all_o our_o own_o merchant_n at_o this_o day_n the_o citizen_n of_o london_n only_o except_v who_o have_v remission_n of_o prizage_n by_o a_o special_a charge_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o new_a imposition_n call_v gage_n viz._n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la dolio_fw-la 1_o d._n de_fw-fr vinis_fw-la venientibus_fw-la london_n which_o be_v account_v foreign_a magno_fw-la rot._n an._n 1_o edw._n 1._o in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o pipe_n at_o westminster_n the_o last_o of_o these_o imposition_n which_o by_o the_o continuance_n have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o custom_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v three_o hundred_o year_n since_o and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v approve_v and_o be_v now_o maintain_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n as_o the_o lawful_a and_o ancient_a inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o ancient_a officer_n which_o our_o king_n have_v create_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o collect_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o the_o same_o as_o our_o ancient_a king_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n without_o parliament_n have_v lay_v the_o custom_n or_o imposition_n before_o express_v upon_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v so_o by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n have_v they_o ordain_v several_a sort_n of_o officer_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v those_o merchandize_n on_o which_o they_o have_v lay_v those_o imposition_n namely_o the_o gauger_n gauger_n of_o wine_n a_o high_a officer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o gage_n itself_o before_o mention_v the_o alneger_n alneger_n of_o the_o clothes_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o clothes_n for_o there_o be_v a_o record_n of_o 14_o edw._n 2._o 2_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la which_o speak_v of_o the_o alneger_n the_o packer_n of_o wool_n the_o garbellor_n of_o spice_n beside_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom_n viz._n the_o customer_n controller_n and_o searcher_n searcher_n all_o which_o officer_n have_v ever_o take_v fee_n of_o merthant_n both_o denizen_n and_o alien_n not_o by_o grant_n of_o the_o merchant_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o several_a patent_n grant_v from_o the_o king_n chap._n xiv_o of_o other_o imposition_n beside_o the_o ancient_a custom_n before_o mention_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n since_o the_o conquest_n some_o of_o which_o imposition_n have_v be_v discontinue_v or_o remit_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o pay_v at_o this_o day_n and_o first_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o over_o and_o beside_o the_o custom_n speak_v of_o before_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n that_o in_o 16_o edw._n 1._o a_o imposition_n of_o four_o shilling_n be_v lay_v upon_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v into_o england_n from_o certain_a town_n in_o gascogine_n and_o spain_n and_o at_o this_o day_n answer_v and_o count_v for_o duty_n for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n until_o the_o 26_o edw._n 1._o when_o it_o be_v remit_v but_o during_o the_o king_n pleasure_n only_o it_o appear_v likewise_o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1_o by_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o confirmation_n then_o make_v of_o the_o great_a charter_n that_o king_n edw._n 1._o have_v for_o divers_a year_n before_o set_v and_o lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n export_v which_o ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la he_o be_v please_v to_o remit_v which_o remittal_n be_v of_o mere_a grace_n upon_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o after_o that_o imposition_n have_v be_v lay_v many_o year_n before_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v take_v and_o levy_v above_o twenty_o year_n together_o after_o the_o new_a imposition_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n which_o be_v set_v and_o establish_v for_o that_o begin_v in_o 3_o edw._n 1._o and_o this_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n continue_v till_o 25_o edw._n 1._o which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n that_o the_o first_o establishment_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v not_o by_o a_o bind_a act_n of_o parliament_n with_o a_o negative_a voice_n that_o no_o other_o duty_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o those_o merchandize_n as_o be_v surmise_a but_o be_v only_o a_o mitigation_n or_o reducement_n of_o a_o great_a custom_n pay_v before_o which_o be_v do_v of_o mere_a grace_n upon_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n at_o that_o time_n chap._n xv_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v as_o well_o take_v the_o ancient_a as_o the_o new_a custom_n upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n and_o leather_n which_o ancient_a custom_n must_v needs_o be_v intend_v a_o ancient_a imposition_n over_o and_o beside_o the_o demi_a mark_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o new_a custom_n and_o this_o appear_v by_o a_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n 3_o ed._n 2._o 2_o claus._n memb._n 16._o where_o the_o king_n direct_v his_o writ_n collectoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la tam_fw-la antiquae_fw-la quam_fw-la novae_fw-la customae_fw-la lanarum_fw-la pellium_fw-la et_fw-la corriorum_fw-la and_o require_v they_o to_o pay_v certain_a debt_n of_o his_o father_n king_n edward_n 1._o out_o of_o their_o old_a and_o new_a custom_n and_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n pro_fw-la damnis_fw-la occasione_fw-la retardationis_fw-la solutionis_fw-la debitis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o howbeit_o afterwards_o he_o be_v a_o weak_a prince_n and_o misguide_a by_o ill_a counsel_n and_o overruled_a by_o his_o unruly_a baron_n be_v drive_v first_o to_o suspend_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o custom_n of_o three_o penny_n the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n contain_v in_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la during_o pleasure_n only_o as_o appear_v by_o his_o writ_n of_o supersedeas_fw-la direct_v to_o the_o collector_n of_o his_o

power_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o fame_n at_o his_o pleasure_n again_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v the_o king_n not_o only_o the_o cinque-port_n which_o have_v a_o special_a warden_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o port_n be_v also_o his_o and_o many_o of_o they_o bear_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o king_n inheritance_n in_o their_o addition_n as_o linn_n regis_fw-la waymouth_n melcombe_n regis_fw-la pool_n regis_fw-la for_o the_o king_n be_v custos_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o the_o haven_n and_o creek_n be_v the_o gate_n and_o postern_n of_o it_o they_o be_v ostia_n they_o be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o we_o find_v two_o port_n in_o italy_n call_v by_o those_o name_n the_o one_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tiber_n the_o other_o corrupt_o call_v genoa_n but_o the_o true_a name_n thereof_o be_v ianua_fw-la and_o as_o the_o haven_n be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o king_n himself_o be_v janus_n and_o have_v power_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n omnia_fw-la sunt_fw-la nostra_fw-la clausa_fw-la patentque_fw-la manu_fw-la say_v janus_n in_o the_o poet_n and_o again_o modo_fw-la namque_fw-la patulchus_fw-la idem_fw-la et_fw-la modo_fw-la sacrifico_fw-la clusius_n ore_fw-la vocor_fw-la the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o have_v this_o prerogative_n incident_a to_o his_o crown_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o port_n when_o it_o please_v he_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o record_n especial_o by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3_o wherein_o be_v find_v many_o petition_n that_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v open_a which_o during_o that_o king_n time_n be_v often_o shut_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o and_o never_o full_o open_v again_o but_o when_o the_o king_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o custody_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o same_o be_v reserve_v unto_o the_o crown_n upon_o a_o excellent_a reason_n for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v hold_v with_o all_o person_n neither_o be_v all_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v for_o such_o person_n as_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o come_v to_o discover_v arcana_fw-la regni_fw-la such_o person_n as_o come_v to_o corrupt_v religion_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n such_o person_n as_o under_o colour_n of_o merchandize_n come_v to_o set_v up_o monopoly_n or_o a_o dry_a exchange_n to_o drain_v or_o draw_v away_o our_o commodity_n or_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o again_o such_o commodity_n as_o the_o kingdom_n can_v spare_v as_o corn_n in_o time_n of_o dearth_n and_o such_o as_o may_v advantage_v our_o enemy_n and_o hurt_v we_o in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o horse_n armour_n gunpowder_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o poison_n heretical_a book_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v apparent_o hurtful_a to_o the_o people_n be_v not_o to_o be_v import_v and_o therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o open_v and_o shut_v the_o port_n be_v accompany_v with_o another_o absolute_a power_n of_o stop_v and_o imbar_v of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n sometime_o general_o sometime_o between_o we_o and_o particular_a nation_n and_o sometime_o for_o particular_a merchandize_n only_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o precedent_n and_o example_n both_o in_o record_n and_o history_n of_o our_o nation_n 2_o edw._n 1._o 1_o rot._n parliament_n m._n 18._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o rot._n fin_n m._n 17_o ibid._n 10_o edw._n 3._o 3_o chaunc_fw-la m._n 3._o in_fw-la dorso_fw-la ibid._n 17_o hen._n 6._o 4_o sccio_fw-mi angliae_fw-la matthew_n paris_n hist._n magna_fw-la p._n 568._o 568._o 10_o hen._n 7_o stow._n stow_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o imbar_v trade_n do_v result_v out_o of_o the_o undoubted_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n have_v to_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n with_o foreign_a nation_n for_o open_a war_n be_v no_o soon_o denounce_v but_o all_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v stop_v and_o imbar_v between_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o war_n durante_fw-la bello_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la christianos_fw-la merces_fw-la quascunque_fw-la exportare_fw-la vetamur_fw-la ne_fw-la regni_fw-la arcana_fw-la serutentur_fw-la say_v a_o doctor_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n whereupon_o we_o make_v this_o argument_n that_o since_o the_o king_n have_v absolute_a power_n of_o shut_v the_o port_n and_o stop_v trade_n it_o stand_v with_o as_o good_a reason_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o like_a power_n to_o lay_v reasonable_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o open_v of_o the_o port_n and_o for_o give_v of_o freedom_n of_o trade_n again_o he_o that_o may_v do_v the_o more_o may_v do_v the_o less_o non_fw-la debet_fw-la ei_fw-la cui_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la licere_fw-la say_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n he_o that_o may_v prohibit_v merchant_n not_o to_o trade_n or_o pass_v may_v dispense_v with_o that_o prohibition_n and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o go_v and_o traffic_n sub_fw-la modo_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v dominus_fw-la maris_fw-la which_o flow_v about_o the_o island_n as_o divers_a ancient_a book_n and_o record_n do_v testify_v as_o fitz_n avowry_n 192._o 6_o rich._n 2._o protection_n 46._o rot._n scotiae_fw-la m._n 16._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_fw-la and_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o quoad_fw-la protectionem_fw-la et_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la sed_fw-la quoad_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v our_o neptune_n trident_n for_o god_n give_v unto_o man_n as_o well_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o be_v say_v gen._n 1._o 1_o replete_a terram_fw-la et_fw-la subjicite_fw-la eam_fw-la and_o dominamini_fw-la piscibus_fw-la maris_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_fw-la psal._n 8._o omnia_fw-la subjecit_fw-la pedibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la pisces_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o quicquid_fw-la perambulat_fw-la semitas_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o therefore_o baldus_n baldus_n affirm_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la distincta_fw-la esse_fw-la dominia_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la arida_fw-la and_o again_o mare_fw-la attribuitur_fw-la terrae_fw-la circunstanti_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v though_o there_o be_v but_o one_o ocean_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v quasi_fw-la insula_fw-la say_v strabo_n strabo_n yet_o be_v there_o mare_n gallicum_n sardicum_fw-la creticum_n aegypticum_fw-la and_o oceanus_fw-la britanicus_n germanicus_n etc._n etc._n which_o particular_a name_n do_v note_v a_o propriety_n in_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v give_v unto_o ourk_v all_o the_o land_n which_o be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o stampford_n stampford_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v affirm_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la quia_fw-la mare_fw-la seu_fw-la particula_fw-la maris_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la territorio_fw-la illius_fw-la civitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la regni_fw-la cui_fw-la magis_fw-la appropinquat_fw-la say_v one_o learned_a doctor_n mare_fw-la se_fw-la extendit_fw-la cum_fw-la aquae_fw-la flnt_fw-la mensurabiles_fw-la say_v another_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o navigable_a river_n as_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n and_o divers_a other_o be_v call_v in_o our_o book_n the_o king_n stream_n 19_o ass_n p.6_n p.6_n dyer_n 117_o a_fw-la because_o cause_v such_o river_n be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o the_o sea_n do_v flow_v in_o they_o 22._o ass._n p._n 93._o 93._o and_o last_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v all_o subject_n whatsoever_o to_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o licence_n and_o to_o that_o end_n in_o 22_o edw._n 4._o 4_o the_o king_n command_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o cinque ports_o and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o all_o other_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n ship_n or_o boat_n to_o pass_v beyond_o the_o sea_n quousque_fw-la rex_fw-la illud_fw-la mandaverit_fw-la and_o the_o like_a commandment_n be_v give_v 4_o edw._n 3._o 3_o 21_o edw._n 3._o 3_o 16_o rich._n 2._o 2_o 17_o hen._n 6._o 6_o if_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a interest_n in_o the_o port_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o all_o navigable_a river_n wherein_o the_o king_n port_n be_v situate_v for_o the_o main_a part_n why_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n to_o limit_v and_o prescribe_v unto_o merchant_n what_o duty_n they_o shall_v pay_v and_o upon_o what_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o shall_v pass_v to_o and_o fro_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o