Selected quad for the lemma: book_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
book_n good_a read_v write_v 2,874 5 5.1956 4 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A63890 Pallas armata, Military essayes of the ancient Grecian, Roman, and modern art of war vvritten in the years 1670 and 1671 / by Sir James Turner, Knight. Turner, James, Sir, 1615-1686? 1683 (1683) Wing T3292; ESTC R7474 599,141 396

There are 20 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

legion_n 300_o horse_n yet_o must_v not_o that_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o that_o these_o 300_o horse_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o member_n or_o part_n of_o that_o legion_n nay_o most_o author_n disjoin_v they_o and_o say_v so_o many_o legion_n and_o so_o many_o horse_n be_v raise_v let_v caesar_n a_o author_n beyond_o all_o exception_n be_v judg._n in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o the_o french_a war_n he_o say_v he_o give_v to_o his_o legate_n labienus_n the_o same_o who_o afterward_o desert_v he_o four_o legion_n and_o keep_v six_o with_o himself_o and_o that_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a he_o mean_v only_a foot_n he_o subjoin_v that_o he_o order_v he_o to_o take_v a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n with_o he_o how_o many_o he_o tell_v not_o but_o if_o every_o legion_n be_v to_o have_v a_o set_a number_n of_o horse_n that_o great_a captain_n who_o lose_v no_o word_n in_o his_o commentary_n need_v not_o have_v mention_v horse_n for_o caesar_n prove_v from_o caesar_n when_o he_o say_v he_o send_v four_o legion_n we_o shall_v have_v know_v that_o 2004_o horse_n be_v send_v according_a to_o vegetius_n his_o account_n of_o 726_o horse_n for_o every_o legion_n or_o 1200_o according_a to_o the_o true_a account_n of_o 300_o for_o every_o legion_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n he_o send_v cassius_n longinus_n to_o thessaly_n with_o one_o legion_n and_o two_o hundred_o horse_n not_o with_o ●26_n nor_o yet_o with_o 300._o he_o sen●_n calvisi●s_n sabinus_n to_o aetolia_n with_o five_o cohort_n and_o a_o few_o horse_n he_o send_v c●eias_n domitius_n to_o macedon_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o 500_o horse_n hear_v he_o speak_v once_o more_o for_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v hear_v he_o tell_v we_o in_o that_o same_o book_n that_o s●ipio_n pompey_n father-in-law_n bring_v out_o of_o syria_n to_o greece_n omnes_fw-la legiones_fw-la equitesque_fw-la all_o the_o legion_n and_o the_o horseman_n if_o horse_n belong_v proper_o to_o legion_n why_o do_v he_o distinguish_v they_o who_o know_v ●he_n military_a art_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o art_n best_o of_o any_o but_o vegetius_n shall_v be_v invincible_a for_o i_o unless_o he_o beat_v himself_o which_o he_o will_v present_o do_v for_o notwithstanding_o all_o he_o have_v say_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n yet_o in_o the_o 15_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n he_o confess_v that_o equites_fw-la locantur_fw-la in_o cornibus_fw-la horseman_n be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n and_o in_o the_o 17_o chapter_n he_o say_v equites_fw-la ponuniur_fw-fr in_fw-la cornibus_fw-la it_o a_o vi_o lorica●●_n amnes_fw-la juncti_fw-la sint_fw-la peditibus_fw-la the_o horseman_n be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n so_o that_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n join_v with_o the_o foot_n what_o mean_v that_o join_v with_o the_o foot_n it_o be_v that_o one_o part_n of_o they_o join_v with_o the_o foot_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a and_o so_o himself_o clear_v it_o in_o that_o very_a chapter_n where_o he_o say_v if_o horseman_n be_v too_o weak_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_n footman_n who_o himself_o and_o out_o of_o vegetius_n himself_o be_v swift_a arm_v with_o light_a target_n and_o exercise_v in_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n be_v to_o be_v mix_v with_o they_o for_o foot_n mix_v with_o the_o horse_n and_o horse_n join_v to_o the_o foot_n be_v two_o several_a thing_n and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n he_o say_v the_o horse_n be_v call_v the_o wing_n because_o they_o protect_v the_o foot_n ad_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la alarnm_fw-la to_o the_o similitude_n of_o wing_n let_v now_o any_o man_n reconcile_v vegetius_n to_o himself_o and_o he_o and_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o soon_o good_a friend_n but_o the_o hastati_fw-la make_v a_o terrible_a clamour_n and_o cry_v they_o have_v wrong_v do_v they_o error_n four_o error_n by_o vegetius_n in_o marshal_n the_o principes_fw-la before_o they_o they_o say_v that_o be_v the_o young_a and_o least_o experience_a it_o be_v some_o honour_n do_v to_o they_o to_o place_v they_o in_o the_o first_o battalion_n for_o thereby_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o first_o fury_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o many_o time_n they_o valiant_o repel_v if_o not_o they_o serve_v at_o least_o as_o the_o great_a turk_n asapi_fw-la to_o blunt_v both_o the_o enemy_n courage_n and_o sword_n the_o principes_fw-la cry_v as_o loud_o that_o vegetius_n have_v robe_v they_o of_o the_o dignity_n they_o always_o have_v to_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n and_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o restorer_n of_o the_o battle_n when_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v worsted_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v so_o good_a reason_n to_o complain_v as_o the_o triarii_n who_o we_o shall_v hear_v anon_o and_o assure_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v very_o strange_a that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o mention_a place_n but_o all_o along_o in_o his_o whole_a treatise_n our_o author_n marshal_n the_o principes_fw-la before_o the_o hastati_fw-la against_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o all_o history_n livy_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n tell_v how_o lenus_fw-la the_o consul_n draw_v up_o his_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n the_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o rear_n against_o the_o gaul_n and_o then_o be_v the_o roman_a discipline_n strict_o observe_v so_o be_v the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n when_o marcellus_n fight_v at_o canusium_n with_o hannibal_n liv._o lib._n 27._o and_o in_o his_o 37_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o scipio_n asia●icus_n in_o the_o battle_n he_o fight_v with_o antiochus_n order_v his_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n the_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o that_o i_o may_v not_o weary_a my_o reader_n with_o instance_n i_o believe_v and_o upon_o good_a ground_n that_o in_o all_o livy_n decade_n that_o be_v extant_a vegetius_n nor_o any_o for_o he_o shall_v not_o read_v that_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v place_v behind_o the_o principes_fw-la except_o once_o that_o it_o be_v write_v i_o suppose_v not_o by_o himself_o in_o his_o thirty_o book_n that_o scipi●_n in_o his_o battle_n against_o sip_n 〈…〉_o asarubal_n marshal_v the_o principes_fw-la before_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o lipsius_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o this_o place_n be_v falsify_v since_o polybius_n out_o of_o who_o it_o be_v like_o livy_n have_v the_o story_n write_v the_o very_a contrary_n that_o be_v that_o scipio_n marshal_v the_o principes_fw-la behind_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o if_o this_o place_n be_v not_o corrupt_v than_o livius_n shall_v contradict_v himself_o for_o in_o his_o eight_o book_n he_o say_v once_o for_o all_o hastati_fw-la omnium_fw-la primi_fw-la pugnam_fw-la inibant_fw-la the_o javelineer_n say_v he_o first_o of_o all_o begin_v the_o battle_n and_o sure_o the_o same_o scipio_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o zama_n against_o hannibal_n place_v the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n by_o a_o good_a token_n for_o they_o be_v so_o mix_v with_o the_o enemy_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o found_v a_o retreat_n for_o they_o that_o he_o may_v have_v ground_n to_o bring_v his_o principes_fw-la up_z to_o the_o medley_n which_o the_o same_o livy_n report_v to_o we_o in_o the_o five_o place_n polybius_n complain_v that_o vegetius_n have_v murder_v five_o of_o his_o error_n five_o error_n centurion_n for_o he_o in_o his_o six_o book_n appoint_v sixty_o for_o every_o legion_n whereof_o vegetius_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n produce_v but_o five_o and_o fifty_o yet_o he_o need_v not_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o juridical_a trial_n for_o this_o assassination_n true_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o i_o that_o polybius_n his_o legion_n consist_v but_o of_o 3000_o heavy_a arm_v shall_v have_v sixty_o centurion_n and_o that_o of_o vegetius_n which_o be_v a_o hundred_o more_o than_o twice_o as_o strong_a shall_v have_v but_o 55_o for_o all_o his_o 6100_o be_v heavy_a arm_v as_o he_o describe_v they_o in_o that_o same_o chapter_n i_o can_v fancy_v no_o reason_n for_o this_o but_o that_o it_o be_v his_o fancy_n to_o write_v so_o i_o confess_v indeed_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n by_o romulus_n that_o band_n of_o man_n which_o be_v call_v a_o century_n consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o so_o the_o centurion_n be_v no_o more_o but_o thirty_o and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n in_o a_o legion_n of_o that_o same_o strength_n may_v be_v sixty_o for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantery_n though_o the_o particular_a band_n of_o a_o legion_n come_v to_o consist_v but_o of_o sixty_o man_n and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n perhaps_o but_o of_o
the_o velite_n of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n since_o they_o be_v all_o light_n arm_v and_o if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o slinger_n can_v cast_v their_o stone_n over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o two_o batallion_n of_o heavy_a arm_v i_o answer_v first_o their_o stone_n will_v do_v less_o hurt_v at_o that_o distance_n second_o the_o archer_n in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n can_v have_v do_v as_o much_o three_o the_o keep_v their_o station_n and_o place_n in_o the_o five_o batallion_n hinder_v the_o triarii_n to_o advance_v now_o if_o these_o of_o vegetius_n his_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n be_v oblige_v to_o go_v to_o the_o van_n and_o fight_v or_o skirmish_v there_o why_o do_v he_o not_o appoint_v the_o light_n arm_v of_o his_o five_o batallion_n to_o do_v so_o too_o since_o they_o be_v all_o liable_a to_o one_o duty_n but_o i_o hinder_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o six_o batallion_n the_o six_o order_n or_o body_n say_v he_o consist_v of_o and_o now_o welcome_a triarii_n warrior_n furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o triarii_fw-la triarii_fw-la arm_n and_o weapon_n who_o the_o ancient_n call_v triarii_n these_o say_v he_o use_v to_o sit_v than_o they_o kneel_v not_o behind_o all_o the_o other_o batallion_n that_o be_v whole_a and_o sound_a and_o in_o breath_n they_o may_v with_o more_o vigour_n attack_z the_o enemy_n for_o if_o any_o thing_n fall_v out_o otherwise_o than_o well_o with_o the_o batallion_n that_o stand_v before_o they_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n depend_v on_o they_o now_o if_o our_o author_n have_v speak_v well_o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n i_o be_o sure_a he_o have_v speak_v enough_o of_o it_o he_o have_v be_v at_o much_o pain_n to_o make_v up_o that_o legion_n but_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o see_v the_o defect_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n to_o take_v it_o down_o in_o piece_n in_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v whoever_o have_v read_v or_o shall_v be_v please_v to_o read_v vegetius_n his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la will_v believe_v with_o i_o that_o he_o intend_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o write_v the_o military_a constitution_n and_o custom_n of_o levy_n arm_n exercise_v marshal_n embattel_v march_v or_o other_o law_n and_o point_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n use_v in_o his_o own_o day_n but_o in_o the_o contrary_a the_o roman_a way_n and_o method_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n and_o this_o he_o profess_v all_o along_o not_o only_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o master_n the_o emperor_n valentinian_n but_o almost_o in_o every_o book_n of_o his_o treatise_n in_o the_o prologue_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v the_o emperor_n have_v command_v he_o to_o set_v down_o the_o antiqua_fw-la the_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o prologue_n to_o militia_n vegetius_n oblige_v himself_o to_o write_v of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n his_o three_o book_n he_o aver_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v command_v he_o to_o abbreviate_v in_o one_o piece_n all_o the_o ancient_a military_a custom_n and_o constitution_n which_o be_v disperse_v and_o scatter_v in_o several_a book_n and_o author_n and_o in_o one_o word_n he_o entitle_v his_o epitome_n institution_n of_o military_a matter_n out_o of_o the_o commentary_n of_o cato_n celsus_n trajan_n adrian_n and_o frontinus_n now_o none_o of_o these_o write_v or_o can_v write_v of_o any_o military_a custom_n practise_v in_o vegetius_n his_o time_n as_o have_v live_v several_a age_n before_o he_o and_o he_o acknowledge_v himself_o that_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o his_o day_n be_v but_o a_o shadow_n and_o scarce_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a one_o but_o by_o the_o way_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o stevechius_n think_v adrian_n write_v no_o military_a constitution_n since_o at_o his_o desire_n aelian_a have_v compose_v that_o piece_n de_fw-fr instruendi●_n aciebus_fw-la whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v but_o his_o reason_n be_v exceed_o weak_a for_o adrian_n may_v very_o well_o have_v write_v the_o roman_a military_a art_n and_o yet_o have_v de-desired_n aelian_a to_o write_v the_o grecian_a one_o but_o to_o return_v vegetius_n in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n have_v give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a time_n not_o that_o of_o his_o own_o time_n arm_n acknowledge_v that_o they_o be_v whole_o wear_v out_o and_o that_o in_o comparison_n of_o they_o the_o foot_n of_o his_o time_n be_v naked_a which_o have_v give_v so_o great_a a_o advantage_n to_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n of_o the_o goth_n huns_n and_o allans_n to_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o give_v this_o title_n of_o those_o who_o be_v leader_n of_o the_o ancient_a century_n and_o file_n and_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o that_o book_n he_o begin_v with_o these_o word_n have_v expound_v say_v he_o the_o ancient_a order_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n he_o witness_v that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a roman_a militia_n that_o he_o be_v to_o open_v to_o we_o and_o no_o new_a one_o which_o have_v deviate_v from_o that_o old_a one_o this_o be_v premise_v by_o i_o to_o anticipate_v objection_n i_o make_v bold_a to_o charge_n vegetius_n with_o seven_o gross_a error_n in_o the_o description_n of_o his_o legion_n yet_o all_o seven_o legion_n seven_o error_n in_o the_o descrition_n of_o his_o legion_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o one_o mortal_a sin_n which_o they_o say_v be_v likewise_o seven_o nay_o nor_o to_o one_o capital_a crime_n but_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o all_o these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o than_o i_o say_v he_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o his_o word_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n where_o he_o promise_v ordinationem_fw-la legionis_fw-la antiquae_fw-la secundum_fw-la norman_n militaris_fw-la juris_fw-la exponore_fw-la to_o expound_v to_o we_o the_o right_a order_n of_o a_o ancient_a legion_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o military_a law_n but_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o justify_v my_o charge_n in_o this_o follow_a order_n first_o i_o question_v the_o number_n of_o his_o legionary_a foot_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v error_n first_o error_n six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o all_o heavy_a arm_v mark_v that_o i_o read_v once_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o once_o more_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o and_o in_o that_o number_n be_v comprehend_v the_o velite_n but_o never_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o one_o hun-hundred_n the_o truth_n be_v romulus_n make_v his_o legion_n three_o thousand_o after_o he_o it_o be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o king_n senate_n or_o people_n pleasure_n or_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n to_o 4000_o to_o 4200_o to_o 5000_o to_o 5200_o and_o sometime_o but_o very_a seldom_o to_o 6000_o or_o 6200_o as_o regiment_n be_v now_o make_v strong_a and_o weak_a in_o our_o modern_a levy_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v they_o but_o for_o most_o part_n the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n be_v 4000_o or_o 4200._o livy_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v four_o legion_n be_v levy_v against_o the_o gaul_n each_o of_o 4000_o foot_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o consulship_n of_o young_a camillus_n four_o legion_n be_v raise_v each_o of_o 4200_o foot_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o latin_n every_o legion_n consist_v of_o 5000_o foot_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n he_o make_v the_o legion_n to_o be_v 4000_o foot_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o samnite_n in_o his_o 21_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o six_o legion_n each_o of_o they_o 4000_o foot_n and_o not_o to_o spend_v more_o time_n in_o instance_n the_o same_o historian_n out_o of_o who_o and_o polybius_n i_o suppose_v vegetius_n borrow_v his_o great_a light_n of_o history_n say_v in_o his_o 22_o book_n that_o every_o roman_a legion_n be_v 5000_o foot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o dangerous_a war_n with_o their_o redoubt_a enemy_n hannibal_n but_o after_o that_o be_v end_v they_o be_v reduce_v to_o 4000_o till_o the_o macedonian_a war_n except_o that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v make_v 6200_o by_o scipio_n unless_o then_o once_o in_o africa_n and_o once_o in_o greece_n we_o never_o find_v a_o legion_n 6000_o strong_a but_o never_o at_o all_o to_o be_v 6100_o as_o vegetius_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v constant_o he_o will_v have_v do_v himself_o much_o right_n and_o his_o reader_n a_o great_a favour_n to_o have_v tell_v who_o levy_v these_o legion_n of_o 6100._o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o his_o own_o time_n or_o yet_o in_o the_o decadency_n of_o both_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o militia_n that_o make_v nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n it_o
fill_v up_o their_o room_n and_o to_o support_v and_o sustain_v those_o who_o be_v advance_v in_o case_n of_o a_o retreat_n livy_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o thirteen_o book_n that_o manlius_n be_v accuse_v at_o rome_n by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n for_o keep_v weak_a guard_n without_o his_o leaguer_n and_o that_o they_o attribute_v the_o loss_n of_o both_o camp_n and_o army_n to_o that_o it_o be_v death_n for_o any_o man_n of_o what_o degree_n or_o quality_n so_o ever_o to_o desert_n or_o leave_v his_o station_n let_v the_o pretext_n be_v never_o so_o plausible_a or_o advantageous_a livy_n in_o his_o death_n desertion_n of_o a_o station_n death_n four_o book_n say_v that_o he_o read_v it_o in_o the_o roman_a annal_n that_o the_o dictator_n posthumius_fw-la put_v his_o own_o son_n aulus_n posthumius_fw-la to_o death_n for_o advance_v beyond_o his_o station_n though_o thereby_o he_o gain_v a_o advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o though_o that_o author_n write_v that_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v it_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v true_a for_o all_o that_o lips●●s_o commend_v much_o the_o roman_a custom_n of_o have_v four_o soldier_n on_o one_o post_n and_o for_o not_o commit_v the_o keep_n of_o it_o to_o one_o centinel_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v now_o to_o have_v but_o one_o man_n at_o every_o port_n of_o a_o town_n but_o this_o bookish_a man_n be_v so_o much_o take_v up_o with_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n that_o he_o study_v but_o little_a the_o practice_n guard_n mistake_v of_o lipsius_n of_o the_o modern_a guard_n of_o the_o modern_a for_o i_o dare_v be_v bind_v for_o it_o that_o in_o the_o country_n where_o he_o live_v he_o never_o see_v a_o centinel_n at_o a_o port_n of_o a_o town_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o corpse_n du_fw-fr guard_n close_o by_o of_o more_o than_o four_o soldier_n though_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o stand_v all_o centinel_n at_o one_o time_n more_o than_o the_o roman_a quaternio_fw-la be_v whereof_o only_o one_o stand_v but_o the_o old_a tactick_a aeneas_n will_v not_o have_v sentinel_n to_o stand_v single_a sentinel_n grecian_a sentinel_n but_o two_o or_o more_o together_o and_o to_o stand_v but_o a_o very_a short_a time_n for_o which_o he_o give_v two_o reason_n first_o for_o fear_v that_o be_v long_o on_o duty_n they_o may_v fall_v asleep_a second_o that_o they_o may_v have_v no_o time_n to_o practice_v with_o a_o enemy_n but_o frequent_a round_n and_o visit_n of_o the_o corporal_n may_v prevent_v both_o these_o lipsius_n in_o this_o place_n fall_v also_o a_o quarrel_v with_o his_o master_n polybius_n for_o not_o polybius_n lipsius_n quarrel_n with_o polybius_n tell_v he_o what_o post_v the_o ally_n keep_v within_o the_o camp_n or_o how_o the_o port_n and_o rampart_n be_v guard_v but_o he_o wrong_v he_o for_o when_o polybius_n tell_v he_o what_o duty_n the_o roman_a legion_n perform_v he_o give_v ground_n enough_o to_o lipsius_n who_o be_v so_o ready_a with_o his_o conjecture_n to_o guess_v that_o the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n keep_v the_o like_a guard_n and_o do_v the_o like_a duty_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v and_o since_o polybius_n have_v already_o say_v that_o the_o roman_a legion_n be_v bind_v to_o fortify_v and_o defend_v the_o two_o reason_n but_o without_o reason_n end_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o ally_n the_o two_o side_n i_o conceive_v l●psius_n may_v without_o suspicion_n of_o witchcraft_n have_v guess_v nay_o past_o his_o word_n for_o it_o that_o the_o roman_n keep_v guard_n at_o the_o praetorian_a and_o dec●●an_a port_n and_o the_o ally_n at_o the_o two_o principal_a port_n and_o now_o i_o hope_v lipsius_n be_v reconcile_v with_o polybius_n the_o roman_a watchword_n be_v give_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o tribune_n who_o t●ss●ra_n roman_a watchword_n or_o t●ss●ra_n turn_v it_o be_v to_o officiate_v and_o the_o praefecti_fw-la of_o the_o ally_n receive_v it_o from_o the_o consul_n and_o towards_o night_n at_o the_o go_v down_o of_o the_o sun_n one_o of_o the_o last_o maniple_n of_o foot_n and_o one_o of_o the_o last_o troop_n of_o horse_n lodge_v near_o the_o decuman_a port_n be_v make_v free_a of_o other_o duty_n go_v to_o the_o tribune_n and_o receive_v from_o he_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n perhaps_o of_o parchment_n or_o paper_n which_o be_v call_v a_o tessera_n on_o which_o the_o watchword_n be_v write_v this_o soldier_n who_o vegetius_n call_v tesserarius_n and_o this_o trooper_n carry_v the_o tessera_fw-la to_o the_o centurion_n and_o decurion_n and_o deliver_v it_o to_o they_o before_o witness_n adhibitis_fw-la testibus_fw-la and_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o their_o fellow_n centurion_n and_o decurion_n and_o so_o from_o one_o to_o another_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o first_o centurion_n and_o decurion_n who_o redeliver_v it_o to_o the_o tribune_n who_o by_o some_o note_n which_o it_o seem_v every_o one_o of_o the_o several_a class_n of_o the_o legion_n have_v or_o mark_v on_o the_o tessera_fw-la immediate_o know_v if_o it_o have_v go_v through_o they_o all_o if_o not_o inquiry_n be_v make_v and_o the_o delinquent_n be_v soon_o find_v out_o since_o in_o that_o case_n that_o every_o centurion_n be_v to_o prove_v by_o witness_n that_o he_o deliver_v it_o and_o severe_o punish_v and_o this_o custom_n achilles_n terduzzi_n prefer_v to_o the_o modern_a please_v terduzzi_n ill_a to_o please_v way_n of_o whisper_v the_o word_n in_o one_o another_o ear_n but_o most_o man_n be_v better_o please_v with_o thing_n they_o never_o see_v than_o with_o those_o they_o daily_o see_v a_o fastidium_fw-la or_o loathsomeness_n of_o our_o present_a condition_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o deprave_a nature_n of_o man_n for_o certain_o the_o watchword_n in_o our_o time_n be_v give_v with_o as_o much_o security_n and_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o ease_n than_o it_o be_v by_o either_o the_o grecian_n or_o roman_n the_o several_a guard_n or_o quaternion_n of_o soldier_n have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o tessera_fw-la which_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o the_o round_n as_o you_o will_v see_v anon_o the_o round_n be_v call_v circumitione_n or_o circitiones_n and_o those_o who_o go_v with_o round_n roman_n round_n they_o as_o veg●tius_n have_v it_o circ●mit●res_n or_o circit●res_n this_o duty_n belong_v to_o the_o horseman_n as_o to_o those_o who_o in_o dignity_n be_v next_o to_o the_o tribune_n by_o this_o also_o you_o may_v see_v in_o what_o small_a account_n centurion_n be_v with_o the_o roman_n who_o do_v not_o trust_v they_o with_o visit_v their_o own_o foot-guard_n a_o thing_n any_o lancespesat●_n may_v do_v with_o we_o but_o conser_v the_o honour_n of_o that_o on_o horseman_n in_o every_o legion_n one_o troop_n be_v ordain_v to_o look_v after_o this_o duty_n every_o day_n by_o turn_n but_o the_o whole_a troop_n be_v not_o employ_v in_o it_o only_o four_o of_o they_o have_v that_o service_n put_v on_o they_o the_o manner_n be_v this_o the_o praefect_n or_o prime_a decurion_n of_o the_o troop_n order_v his_o subdecurion_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o acquaint_v such_o four_o who_o turn_v it_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n that_o follow_a night_n and_o this_o the_o subdecurion_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v before_o he_o dine_v as_o also_o at_o night_n he_o be_v to_o acquaint_v the_o decurion_n of_o the_o next_o troop_n that_o it_o be_v his_o turn_n next_o night_n after_o to_o order_v the_o round_n if_o any_o of_o they_o fail_v in_o this_o duty_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o heavy_a censure_n the_o four_o horseman_n who_o be_v appoint_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n cast_a lot_n who_o shall_v ride_v the_o round_n of_o the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o vigil_n after_o that_o they_o go_v horseman_n a_o duty_n incumbent_n on_o the_o horseman_n all_o four_o to_o the_o tribune_n to_o be_v clear_v by_o he_o what_o guard_n they_o be_v to_o visit_v and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o new_a post_n ordain_v beside_o the_o ordinary_a one_o have_v do_v there_o they_o go_v to_o sleep_v beside_o the_o primipilus_fw-la or_o first_o centurion_n of_o the_o triarii_n which_o be_v quarter_v near_a the_o eagle_n and_o this_o be_v a_o honour_n to_o hi●_n as_o terduzzi_n say_v and_o so_o indeed_o it_o may_v be_v but_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v if_o they_o do_v not_o lie_v without_o the_o door_n of_o his_o tent_n in_o regard_n i_o think_v he_o can_v hardly_o accommodate_v they_o within_o after_o supper_n the_o guard_n be_v set_v he_o who_o turn_n it_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o first_o round_n go_v about_o the_o whole_a guard_n belong_v to_o that_o legion_n and_o from_o he_o who_o be_v centinel_n he_o take_v the_o tessera_fw-la which_o he_o carry_v away_o with_o he_o and_o so_o he_o do_v from_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o quaternion_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o
than_o we_o be_v before_o their_o invention_n of_o the_o truth_n whereof_o take_v a_o short_a view_n what_o vast_a province_n and_o goodly_a country_n the_o turk_n since_o the_o birth_n of_o gunpowder_n have_v acquire_v in_o asia_n africa_n and_o europe_n be_v obvious_a to_o our_o sight_n though_o the_o history_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v silent_a and_o though_o in_o the_o general_n we_o be_v tell_v militia_n we_o have_v but_o confuse_a notion_n of_o the_o turkish_a militia_n that_o his_o order_n be_v good_a the_o government_n and_o discipline_n observe_v in_o his_o numerous_a army_n be_v strict_a and_o excellent_a yet_o the_o particular_n have_v be_v hitherto_o relate_v to_o we_o but_o very_o confuse_o neither_o do_v mr._n rycaut_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n print_v a_o few_o year_n ago_o help_v we_o much_o but_o rather_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o think_v that_o the_o turk_n have_v lose_v their_o ancient_a art_n of_o war_n or_o if_o they_o still_o retain_v it_o we_o must_v wonder_v how_o these_o unbeliever_n have_v triumph_v over_o so_o many_o both_o christian_n and_o mahometan_a people_n with_o so_o undisciplined_a and_o disorderly_a multitude_n as_o his_o relation_n make_v they_o to_o be_v for_o he_o say_v their_o principal_a foot_n which_o be_v the_o janissary_n repute_v to_o have_v be_v the_o strength_n and_o support_v of_o that_o great_a monarchy_n fight_v confuse_o and_o the_o spahy_n who_o be_v the_o best_a of_o their_o cavalry_n fight_v likewise_o in_o little_a good_a order_n he_o say_v that_o sometime_o they_o charge_v thrice_o and_o if_o they_o then_o break_v not_o the_o enemy_n they_o fly_v and_o withal_o he_o make_v their_o artillery_n very_o insignificant_a in_o regard_n that_o as_o he_o write_v they_o have_v no_o gunner_n but_o such_o as_o either_o they_o take_v prisoner_n or_o be_v sell_v to_o they_o for_o slave_n who_o stay_v no_o long_o with_o they_o than_o any_o fair_a opportunity_n be_v offer_v they_o to_o run_v away_o though_o perhaps_o the_o victory_n which_o the_o great_a tamberlan_n obtain_v and_o the_o war_n and_o of_o tamberlans_n order_n of_o war_n celerity_n he_o use_v in_o make_v these_o conquest_n which_o have_v render_v he_o so_o famous_a be_v not_o so_o vast_a as_o story_n make_v they_o yet_o we_o may_v believe_v his_o achievement_n to_o have_v be_v extraordinary_a in_o regard_n the_o great_a mogul_n of_o india_n derive_v his_o pedigree_n in_o a_o lineal_a descent_n from_o he_o and_o at_o this_o day_n possess_v a_o vast_a and_o a_o great_a empire_n which_o be_v but_o a_o remnant_n of_o a_o far_o great_a acquire_v by_o tamberlan_n who_o discipline_n be_v cry_v up_o to_o have_v be_v exceed_v strict_a his_o art_n of_o war_n so_o exact_a and_o orderly_a that_o he_o never_o go_v out_o of_o the_o field_n without_o victory_n or_o from_o a_o besiege_a town_n without_o either_o its_o submission_n or_o destruction_n it_o be_v write_v of_o he_o that_o the_o day_n he_o fight_v with_o bajazet_n at_o mount_n stella_n his_o army_n consist_v of_o a_o million_o of_o man_n and_o yet_o he_o make_v use_v of_o they_o all_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o this_o be_v all_o true_a be_v it_o not_o pity_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o encamp_a besiege_v embattel_v and_o fight_v be_v not_o leave_v on_o record_n to_o posterity_n and_o to_o come_v home_o the_o scottish_a the_o english_a and_o the_o french_a history_n tell_v we_o what_o bloody_a engagement_n have_v be_v among_o they_o and_o what_o battle_n have_v be_v fight_v with_o various_a success_n but_o except_o that_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o the_o french_a english_a as_o also_o of_o the_o scötish_a french_a and_o english_a gens_n de_fw-fr arm_n be_v numerous_a beside_o their_o other_o cavalry_n that_o the_o english_a use_v the_o bow_n and_o the_o bill_n and_o have_v man_n of_o arm_n likewise_o and_o that_o the_o scot_n fight_v on_o horseback_n with_o lance_n and_o jack_n of_o mail_n and_o on_o foot_n with_o long_a pike_n battleax_n bow_n and_o two-handed_a sword_n what_o know_v we_o more_o of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n that_o any_o of_o all_o the_o three_o practise_v of_o the_o order_n they_o keep_v how_o strong_a their_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n be_v or_o what_o name_n they_o give_v they_o how_o deep_o they_o marshal_v either_o their_o horse_n or_o foot_n how_o they_o embattel_v how_o they_o encamp_v and_o how_o they_o form_v their_o sieges_n for_o all_o these_o we_o have_v nothing_o but_o ill_a ground_a conjecture_n and_o very_o confuse_a notion_n i_o know_v not_o who_o we_o shall_v just_o blame_v for_o this_o great_a defect_n but_o the_o several_a general_n of_o several_a army_n belong_v to_o several_a nation_n and_o in_o several_a age_n who_o if_o either_o they_o can_v not_o or_o will_v not_o write_v the_o history_n of_o their_o own_o or_o other_o action_n as_o xenophon_n and_o thucydides_n among_o the_o grecian_n julius_n caesar_n and_o cato_n defective_a many_o historiographer_n defective_a among_o the_o roman_n monluc_n and_o a_o few_o other_o in_o our_o modern_a time_n yet_o i_o think_v they_o be_v oblige_v to_o cause_v their_o secretary_n to_o keep_v exact_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o these_o sieges_n and_o those_o battle_n which_o under_o their_o command_n be_v either_o form_v or_o fight_v that_o so_o they_o may_v have_v be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n some_o have_v do_v so_o but_o most_o have_v neglect_v it_o think_v it_o enough_o if_o their_o action_n be_v general_o remember_v recommend_v the_o particular_n to_o the_o information_n of_o historian_n which_o many_o time_n be_v such_o that_o it_o look_v rather_o like_o a_o romance_n than_o a_o true_a story_n but_o i_o have_v rather_o you_o shall_v hear_v monluc_n that_o famous_a marshal_n of_o france_n upon_o this_o subject_a who_o in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o first_o tome_n say_v that_o historian_n who_o write_v the_o feat_n of_o war_n describe_v seldom_o or_o never_o the_o particularity_n they_o monluc_n his_o complaint_n of_o they_o of_o the_o action_n as_o how_o such_o a_o castle_n be_v surprise_v in_o what_o order_n such_o a_o town_n be_v assault_v or_o in_o what_o manner_n defend_v how_o such_o two_o army_n be_v marshal_v before_o they_o join_v in_o battle_n how_o the_o horseman_n be_v arm_v and_o how_o the_o foot_n with_o many_o more_o circumstance_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v by_o those_o who_o in_o time_n come_v desire_n to_o be_v instruct_v and_o especial_o such_o as_o intend_v to_o serve_v their_o prince_n and_o country_n in_o military_a employment_n that_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v learn_v how_o to_o demean_v themselves_o in_o the_o like_a occasion_n but_o say_v he_o the_o whole_a multitude_n of_o historiographer_n conceive_v they_o do_v enough_o if_o they_o tell_v we_o such_o a_o battle_n be_v fight_v such_o a_o prince_n or_o general_n gain_v the_o victory_n such_o a_o city_n be_v besiege_v and_o yield_v and_o such_o a_o one_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n for_o himself_o he_o profess_v he_o write_v his_o commentary_n to_o be_v register_n of_o the_o action_n of_o his_o time_n the_o particular_n whereof_o may_v serve_v to_o inform_v those_o who_o be_v to_o come_v after_o he_o how_o to_o carry_v themselves_o either_o in_o sieges_n assault_n skirmish_n rancounter_n or_o batte●_n for_o those_o say_v he_o who_o think_v they_o know_v not_o so_o much_o as_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o learn_v of_o i_o but_o those_o who_o fancy_n they_o know_v enough_o already_o need_v no_o master_n in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v historian_n be_v to_o be_v blame_v for_o not_o write_v particular_a thing_n and_o of_o particular_a man_n they_o think_v say_v he_o they_o do_v enough_o if_o they_o name_v prince_n or_o captain-general_n and_o pass_v over_o with_o silence_n all_o other_o person_n that_o be_v not_o of_o so_o large_a a_o stature_n thus_o far_o monluc_n marshal_n of_o france_n to_o this_o same_o purpose_n you_o may_v see_v polybius_n his_o complaint_n in_o his_o twelve_o book_n they_o polybius_n his_o complaint_n of_o they_o where_o he_o say_v historian_n first_o err_v in_o not_o write_v thing_n true_o and_o as_o they_o be_v do_v and_o next_o that_o they_o give_v no_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o battle_n skirmish_n surprisal_n and_o sieges_n and_o this_o he_o attribute_v to_o their_o want_n of_o skill_n and_o therefore_o wish_v that_o all_o great_a captain_n will_v write_v the_o history_n of_o their_o own_o action_n themselves_o these_o complaint_n of_o polybius_n and_o monluc_n be_v just_a but_o i_o complain_v of_o another_o kind_n of_o historian_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o give_v we_o description_n of_o all_o ●hose_v they_o the_o author_n complaint_n of_o some_o of_o they_o particularity_n without_o have_v receive_v particular_a relation_n from_o the_o principal_a
actor_n and_o this_o they_o do_v either_o upon_o hear_v say_v register_n the_o fable_n of_o vain_a and_o ignorant_a ●_z who_o either_o have_v be_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o action_n for_o truth_n or_o write_v according_a to_o their_o own_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n which_o many_o time_n be_v so_o pitiful_o weak_a that_o their_o extravagancy_n put_v know_v reader_n on_o the_o rack_n and_o force_v they_o to_o cast_v their_o book_n away_o from_o they_o and_o indeed_o i_o have_v read_v the_o description_n of_o some_o battle_n in_o book_n write_v by_o no_o mean_a author_n wherein_o both_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o such_o order_n that_o i_o can_v not_o fancy_v it_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o except_o a●adis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n or_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o sun_n let_v we_o except_v from_o these_o of_o modern_a historian_n paolo_n giovio_n d'avita_n and_o the_o other_o unknown_a author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n philip_n his●orians_n noble_a his●orians_n de_fw-fr comines_n cardinal_n bentivoglio_n strada_n john_n pe●it_fw-la edward_n philips_n his_o late_a history_n of_o england_n chemnitius_n his_o history_n of_o the_o swedish_n expedition_n theatrum_fw-la europ●um_fw-la these_o two_o last_o write_v in_o high_a dutch_a and_o diego_n sir●_n who_o have_v write_v the_o history_n of_o these_o time_n very_o voluminous_o in_o italian_a these_o have_v either_o be_v actor_n themselves_o or_o have_v get_v their_o relation_n from_o those_o emperor_n king_n prince_n or_o general_n who_o manage_v the_o war_n have_v give_v we_o history_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v guicciardin●_n though_o for_o his_o prolixity_n he_o be_v use_v very_o scurrilous_o by_o boc●alini_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o boccalini_n guicciardini_n tax_v by_o boccalini_n parnass●●_n a_o laconian_a who_o have_v express_v his_o thought_n in_o three_o word_n which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v in_o two_o be_v order_v for_o his_o punishment_n to_o read_v guicciardini_n the_o poor_a fellow_n beg_v rather_o to_o be_v fley_v alive_a than_o be_v torture_v with_o read_v a_o historian_n who_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o florentines_n and_o pisans_n make_v long_a discourse_n of_o the_o take_v a_o pigeon_n house_n than_o he_o need_v to_o have_v make_v of_o the_o best_a fortify_v castle_n yet_o thus_o much_o most_o if_o not_o all_o historian_n agree_v on_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o army_n they_o mention_v van_n battel_n and_o rear_n which_o show_v that_o the_o roman_a method_n of_o marshal_n their_o army_n in_o three_o body_n one_o behind_o another_o be_v observe_v by_o most_o nation_n till_o of_o late_a year_n some_o master_n of_o the_o military_a art_n for_o some_o good_a reason_n think_v it_o convenient_a to_o reduce_v they_o to_o two_o it_o be_v pity_n so_o few_o since_o vegetius_n his_o time_n have_v show_v themselves_o tactic_n that_o tactic_n we_o have_v but_o few_o tactic_n be_v to_o teach_v we_o the_o art_n of_o war_n use_v in_o their_o own_o time_n for_o so_o we_o shall_v have_v know_v the_o military_a custom_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o of_o several_a age_n i_o have_v hear_v t●●t_a gonsalvo_n di_fw-it corduba_n who_o by_o his_o gallant_a conduct_n recover_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n from_o the_o french_a for_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n write_v in_o spanish_a tra●●ado_fw-it de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la if_o it_o be_v extant_a it_o must_v be_v well_o worth_a the_o perusal_n as_o the_o work_n of_o one_o who_o by_o his_o great_a action_n have_v acquire_v to_o himself_o the_o title_n of_o capitan●_n i●_n grand_fw-mi capitan●_n it_o grand_fw-mi capitano_fw-it the_o ●reat_a captain_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n about_o sixty_o year_n ago_o lovis_n de_fw-fr m●mgomery_n lord_n of_o carb●●s●●_n write_v a_o little_a book_n de_fw-fr ●●_o m●●gomery_n lovis_z de_fw-fr m●●gomery_n milice_fw-la francoise_n of_o the_o french_a militia_n it_o show_v he_o to_o have_v be_v very_o much_o a_o soldier_n but_o the_o marrow_n of_o that_o piece_n lie_v in_o his_o description_n of_o some_o artificial_a firework_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o lie_v not_o in_o every_o man_n way_n nor_o be_v it_o preissac_n preissac_n necessary_a for_o every_o soldier_n though_o it_o add_v to_o his_o perfection_n the_o si●●r_n de_fw-fr pr●issa●_n write_v a_o little_a treatise_n in_o french_a of_o military_a question_n and_o resolve_v very_o well_o english_v by_o mr._n cruso_n a_o understand_a captain_n who_o i_o suppose_v write_v bockler_n captain_n crus●_n bockler_n himself_o in_o english_a a_o book_n of_o cavalry_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n bockler_n a_o german_a engineer_n have_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o write_v in_o his_o own_o language_n a_o piece_n wherein_o he_o give_v we_o a_o pretty_a good_a account_n of_o the_o military_a custom_n of_o his_o own_o country_n in_o his_o own_o time_n which_o may_v be_v from_o the_o year_n 1630_o till_o the_o year_n 1664_o or_o thereabouts_o lieutenant_n colonel_n elton_n his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o military_a elton_n lieutenant_n colonel_n elton_n art_n with_o the_o supplement_n add_v to_o it_o by_o captain_n rud_n without_o which_o it_o be_v not_o a_o complete_a body_n be_v a_o piece_n well_o worth_a the_o perusal_n there_o be_v certain_o other_o who_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_a who_o i_o have_v neither_o see_v nor_o read_v some_o again_o there_o be_v who_o instead_o of_o inform_v we_o what_o method_n or_o ordinance_n of_o war_n prince_n and_o state_n use_v in_o their_o time_n the_o want_n whereof_o i_o so_o much_o lament_v give_v we_o model_n of_o their_o own_o frame_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n for_o militia_n prince_n and_o state_n only_o to_o mould_n new_a militia_n my_o part_n i_o think_v any_o new_a mould_n of_o a_o militia_n or_o the_o reformation_n of_o a_o old_a one_o be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v together_o person_n experience_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o military_a affair_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n out_o of_o which_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n may_v frame_v such_o constitution_n as_o be_v think_v most_o conducible_a to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n and_o then_o by_o their_o authority_n impose_v a_o necessity_n of_o obedience_n to_o those_o constitution_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o work_n of_o any_o private_a person_n brancati●_n a_o italian_a peremptory_o condemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o mr._n l●pto●_n a_o english_a man_n write_v a_o book_n wherein_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o uselessness_n of_o that_o ancient_a weapon_n but_o i_o shall_v meet_v with_o his_o argument_n in_o another_o place_n machiavelli_n go_v a_o great_a length_n and_o present_v the_o world_n with_o a_o milice_fw-la of_o war._n machiavelli_n his_o book_n of_o war._n his_o own_o the_o birth_n of_o his_o own_o brain_n a_o hodge_n podg_v of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o many_o of_o his_o own_o invention_n in_o his_o book_n of_o that_o subject_a he_o father_n most_o of_o his_o notion_n on_o fabritio_n col●●●●_n a_o excellent_a captain_n who_o no_o doubt_n if_o ever_o he_o have_v see_v they_o have_v reject_v they_o as_o spurious_a some_o of_o his_o mistake_n i_o have_v touch_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n i_o shall_v only_o in_o this_o place_n trouble_v my_o reader_n with_o two_o or_o three_o animadversion_n that_o will_v show_v his_o skill_n in_o martial_a affair_n in_o his_o four_o book_n he_o make_v it_o one_o of_o his_o maxim_n that_o all_o good_a captain_n shall_v rather_o receive_v than_o give_v the_o charge_n of_o this_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o they_o first_o observation_n of_o they_o chapter_n of_o my_o essay_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n here_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o his_o opinion_n the_o first_o fury_n say_v he_o be_v easy_o sustain_v by_o firm_a and_o experience_a soldier_n and_o then_o it_o vanish_v in_o smoke_n but_o i_o ask_v first_o what_o if_o they_o who_o be_v charge_v be_v neither_o firm_a nor_o experience_v for_o all_o army_n be_v not_o compose_v of_o veteran_n next_o i_o ask_v what_o if_o they_o be_v both_o firm_a and_o experience_a and_o yet_o do_v not_o sustain_v the_o charge_n in_o thosew_n two_o case_n the_o first_o charge_n vanish_v not_o in_o smoke_n pompey_n his_o soldier_n be_v firm_a and_o experience_a yet_o do_v not_o sustain_v c●sar●_n charge_v at_o pharsalia_n but_o of_o this_o i_o speak_v enough_o in_o another_o place_n in_o that_o same_o four_o book_n this_o author_n show_v we_o how_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v surround_v in_o time_n of_o battle_n and_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v the_o lesson_n he_o give_v
not_o see_v brancatio_n but_o terduzzi_n his_o countryman_n for_o they_o be_v both_o italian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o machine_n say_v he_o have_v read_v he_o now_o if_o he_o value_v neither_o his_o opinion_n nor_o his_o reason_n i_o think_v none_o shall_v for_o t●rduzzi_n himself_o be_v so_o little_a a_o friend_n to_o the_o pike_n that_o he_o write_v he_o will_v have_v it_o break_v if_o he_o know_v what_o better_a weapon_n to_o put_v in_o its_o room_n out_o of_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o this_o short_a description_n of_o brancatio_n and_o his_o book_n describe_v his_o book_n describe_v the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n be_v this_o of_o the_o true_a art_n of_o war_n whereby_o any_o prince_n may_v not_o only_o resist_v another_o in_o the_o field_n only_o with_o his_o own_o force_n and_o with_o little_a charge_n but_o also_o overcome_v any_o nation_n a_o very_a glorious_a title_n i_o think_v we_o need_v expect_v small_a performance_n from_o so_o vain_a promise_n this_o man_n undertaker_n himself_o a_o great_a undertaker_n will_v prove_v a_o alchemist_n who_o promise_v to_o give_v we_o mountain_n of_o gold_n and_o have_v not_o a_o sixpence_n to_o buy_v his_o own_o dinner_n his_o preface_n make_v up_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o book_n wherein_o he_o tell_v often_o than_o once_o that_o he_o study_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o military_a art_n fifteen_o year_n and_o practise_v it_o forty_o so_o he_o have_v be_v no_o young_a man_n when_o he_o write_v his_o book_n but_o he_o conclude_v and_o i_o pray_v you_o mark_v it_o that_o in_o all_o these_o fifteen_o year_n he_o have_v read_v no_o author_n but_o casar_n commentary_n and_o thereafter_o he_o laugh_v and_o scoff_v at_o all_o those_o roman_a author_n and_o history_n which_o mention_v distinct_a maniple_n in_o the_o roman_a legion_n because_o he_o have_v read_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o c●sar_n not_o only_a in_o this_o preface_n of_o he_o but_o all_o along_o in_o his_o book_n he_o despise_v the_o pike_n and_o call_v it_o the_o enervation_n the_o weaken_n and_o ruin_n of_o war._n i_o shall_v for_o a_o while_o leave_v brancatio_n and_o return_v to_o mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o this_o great_a italian_a tactick_a that_o i_o may_v answer_v they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o it_o be_v a_o reflection_n on_o brancatio_n brancatio_n mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n first_o to_o cite_v history_n which_o he_o have_v either_o not_o read_v or_o not_o understand_v and_o next_o not_o to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o mr._n lupton_n credulity_n be_v inexcusable_a for_o take_v thing_n on_o brancatio_n his_o report_n the_o truth_n whereof_o he_o may_v have_v find_v in_o book_n of_o which_o many_o private_a answer_v answer_v gentleman_n be_v master_n i_o shall_v very_o brief_o run_v through_o the_o quotation_n he_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o italian_a man_n of_o war._n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n say_v he_o be_v ruin_v and_o overthrow_v in_o africa_n because_o first_o first_o he_o have_v squadron_n of_o pike_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n he_o be_v overthrow_v because_o neither_o his_o pike-man_n nor_o harquebusier_n be_v right_o order_v train_v nor_o command_v next_o he_o say_v charles_n the_o eight_o of_o france_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v pike_n second_o second_o into_o italy_n indeed_o there_o be_v pike_n in_o italy_n before_o france_n be_v call_v france_n and_o if_o that_o french_a king_n bring_v they_o first_o there_o what_o lose_v he_o by_o it_o he_o traverse_v it_o take_v and_o conquer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o make_v his_o passage_n good_a at_o fornuovo_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o italy_n then_o bandy_v against_o he_o and_z no_o doubt_n his_o swisser_n do_v he_o good_a service_n and_o brancatio_n know_v they_o be_v arm_v with_o pike_n as_o to_o their_o offensive_a arms._n three_o he_o say_v the_o turk_n these_o forty_o year_n by_o past_a reckon_v they_o to_o begin_v three_o three_o at_o the_o year_n 1540_o and_o to_o continue_v till_o 1580_o have_v be_v victorious_a over_o the_o christian_n sempre_fw-it in_fw-it ongaria_n so_o write_v mr._n lupton_n only_o because_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n both_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o high_a dutch_a nation_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o turkish_a troop_n of_o horse_n well_o arm_v with_o pistol_n and_o harquebus_n i_o answer_v first_o brancatio_n his_o assertion_n be_v false_a for_o the_o turk_n be_v sometime_o beat_v in_o hungary_n in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o forty_o year_n and_o this_o mr._n lupton_n may_v have_v learn_v by_o peruse_v knolles_n his_o history_n if_o he_o can_v light_v upon_o no_o better_a next_o i_o say_v if_o pike_n can_v not_o resist_v the_o turk_n cavalry_n harquebusier_n on_o foot_n of_o which_o brancatio_n will_v have_v all_o his_o infantry_n to_o consist_v will_v have_v do_v it_o much_o less_o but_o what_o a_o ridiculous_a thing_n be_v it_o to_o impute_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o battle_n to_o one_o cause_n since_o army_n may_v be_v undo_v and_o overthrow_v by_o a_o thousand_o several_a occasion_n what_o can_v either_o brancatio_n or_o mr._n lupton_n say_v against_o it_o if_o i_o aver_v that_o when_o ever_o the_o turk_n be_v beat_v and_o beat_v sometime_o they_o be_v it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v no_o pike_n man_n to_o resist_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a cavalry_n four_o he_o aver_v that_o john_n frederick_n duke_n of_o saxe_n in_o germany_n and_o piter_n four_o four_o strozzi_n in_o tuscany_n be_v both_o beat_v because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o pikeman_n to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o sleidan_n give_v any_o such_o reason_n for_o his_o misfortune_n neither_o do_v ever_o that_o prince_n fight_v a_o just_a battle_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o most_o of_o who_o infantry_n consist_v of_o pike-man_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxe_n do_v to_o the_o second_o of_o strozzi_n i_o say_v he_o be_v rout_v because_o he_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o day_n time_n in_o view_n of_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n give_v he_o by_o marshal_n monluc_n final_o he_o say_v the_o battle_n of_o ceresole_n give_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o the_o weakness_n five_o five_o of_o the_o pike-mens_n service_n and_o the_o battle_n of_o dreux_n and_o moncounter_n prove_v fatal_a say_v he_o to_o their_o leader_n who_o be_v despise_v by_o their_o enemy_n because_o their_o foot_n consist_v most_o of_o pike_n here_o mr._n lupton_n do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o insert_v such_o three_o ignorant_a and_o unadvised_a citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n which_o i_o will_v clear_v at_o ceresole_n the_o famous_a alphonso_n davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o command_v cer●sol●_n battle_n of_o cer●sol●_n the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anguien_v the_o french_a the_o imperialist_n be_v beat_v by_o the_o cowardice_n of_o a_o batallion_n of_o their_o own_o horse_n which_o flee_v without_o fight_v which_o a_o great_a batallion_n of_o imperial_a pike_n see_v open_v and_o give_v they_o way_n the_o french_a follow_v the_o chase_n through_o that_o same_o lane_n they_o be_v past_a the_o pike_n who_o be_v no_o ●ewer_a than_o five_o thousand_o close_v again_o and_o keep_v their_o ground_n another_o imperial_a batallion_n of_o pike_n some_o spaniard_n some_o german_n fight_v with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o grison_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a and_o beat_v it_o out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o thereafter_o fight_v with_o the_o gascon_a batallion_n of_o pike_n where_o both_o party_n stand_v to_o it_o valiant_o insomuch_o that_o the_o duc_n d'anguien_v the_o french_a general_n see_v his_o grison_n overthrow_v and_o his_o gascon_n so_o shrewd_o put_v to_o it_o despair_v of_o the_o victory_n in_o this_o charge_n of_o the_o imperial_a pike_n and_o the_o gascon_n almost_o all_o the_o leader_n fall_v at_o the_o first_o shock_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o come_v a_o batallion_n of_o swisser_n pike_n and_o charge_v the_o imperial_a pike_n in_o the_o flank_n and_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o two_o stout_a and_o redoubt_a enemy_n one_o in_o the_o van_n and_o another_o in_o the_o flank_n yet_o do_v they_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o the_o field_n too_o after_o all_o the_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o all_o their_o cavalry_n with_o gua_v himself_o wound_v as_o he_o be_v have_v flee_v and_o then_o and_o not_o till_o then_o they_o cast_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o cry_v for_o quarter_n which_o the_o swisser_n give_v they_o spare_o enough_o at_o this_o charge_n be_v marshal_n monluc_n on_o foot_n in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o gascon_n with_o a_o pike_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o it_o be_v that_o give_v we_o this_o relation_n will_v
you_o daily_o see_v for_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o very_a mean_a officer_n when_o he_o tell_v you_o he_o like_v not_o such_o a_o thing_n because_o he_o never_o see_v it_o before_o i_o wish_v with_o all_o my_o heart_n that_o this_o follow_a treatise_n may_v afford_v you_o some_o help_n to_o so_o noble_a a_o study_n in_o it_o i_o give_v you_o few_o or_o rather_o no_o rule_n of_o my_o own_o i_o be_o not_o so_o vain_a but_o i_o go_v very_o far_o back_o to_o search_v for_o they_o in_o all_o the_o remain_v of_o antiquity_n and_o let_v it_o not_o offend_v you_o that_o i_o illustrate_v rule_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n by_o several_a instance_n i_o do_v it_o purposely_o because_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v rather_o lead_v by_o example_n than_o drive_v by_o precept_n this_o seem_v to_o impose_v that_o only_o to_o invite_v to_o a_o noble_a emulation_n beside_o the_o right_a or_o wrong_n do_v of_o a_o action_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n be_v better_a clear_v by_o the_o first_o than_o by_o the_o last_o and_o if_o i_o seem_v to_o clash_v with_o the_o old_a master_n or_o new_a tactic_n of_o the_o ancient_n or_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n i_o give_v my_o reason_n for_o it_o which_o you_o may_v either_o approve_v or_o disapprove_v as_o you_o please_v without_o do_v i_o the_o least_o injury_n when_o i_o tell_v my_o own_o opinion_n of_o military_a custom_n look_v back_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v find_v any_o glimmer_a light_n of_o history_n to_o direct_v i_o i_o give_v also_o my_o reason_n which_o you_o may_v likewise_o reject_v if_o you_o please_v for_o by_o so_o do_v i_o shall_v neither_o be_v condemn_v for_o heresy_n nor_o schism_n if_o any_o gentleman_n curiosity_n lead_v he_o to_o inquire_v why_o i_o print_v this_o book_n i_o shall_v answer_v he_o first_o i_o can_v sincere_o assure_v he_o vanity_n to_o make_v myself_o know_v in_o the_o world_n push_v i_o not_o to_o it_o else_o i_o have_v not_o let_v it_o lie_v unprint_v by_o i_o ten_o whole_a year_n after_o first_o i_o write_v it_o next_o very_o few_o can_v importune_v i_o to_o publish_v it_o since_o very_o few_o do_v know_v i_o have_v write_v it_o nor_o do_v i_o indeed_o make_v it_o public_a to_o disabuse_v some_o gay_a man_n by_o let_v they_o see_v they_o know_v no_o more_o than_o their_o neighbour_n and_o yet_o the_o do_v so_o have_v be_v charity_n if_o my_o offer_n have_v be_v receive_v as_o kind_o as_o i_o intend_v it_o the_o consideration_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o it_o be_v in_o short_a this_o when_o i_o have_v end_v all_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o say_v of_o the_o grecian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n and_o dare_v not_o hazard_v on_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n i_o be_v encourage_v to_o proceed_v to_o that_o and_o to_o bring_v all_o i_o intend_v to_o as_o great_a perfection_n as_o i_o can_v by_o a_o great_a master_n and_o good_a judge_n in_o those_o affair_n and_o when_o i_o have_v do_v so_o that_o noble_a person_n after_o my_o concealment_n of_o it_o some_o year_n desire_v to_o peruse_v it_o and_o as_o he_o have_v persuade_v i_o to_o finish_v so_o he_o prevail_v with_o i_o to_o publish_v these_o essay_n but_o be_v please_v to_o know_v he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o his_o majesty_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o to_o command_v his_o scottish_a army_n towards_o the_o end_n whereof_o he_o rout_v the_o rebel_n at_o pentland_n the_o very_a same_o person_n be_v again_o entrust_v by_o his_o majesty_n with_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o force_n in_o the_o year_n 1679._o and_o continue_v still_o in_o that_o command_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o general_n dalyell_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a you_o may_v ask_v i_o what_o move_v i_o to_o begin_v to_o write_v these_o discourse_n but_o for_o that_o if_o i_o be_v put_v to_o the_o rack_n till_o i_o give_v you_o my_o reason_n i_o can_v give_v no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o be_v out_o of_o employment_n and_o not_o accustom_a to_o a_o idle_a life_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o pass_v away_o my_o solitary_a and_o retire_a hour_n with_o a_o more_o harmless_a divertisement_n the_o content_n of_o the_o book_n book_n i._n military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n in_o general_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o army_n and_o order_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o election_n levy_n and_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a of_o the_o grecian_n 7_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o great_a englines_n and_o machine_n of_o the_o train_n and_o exercise_v of_o the_o grecian_n 9_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o grecian_a infantry_n 12_o chap._n vi_o aelian_n marshal_n the_o grecian_a infantry_n examine_v 14_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o grecian_a cavalry_n and_o some_o observation_n of_o it_o 19_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n of_o its_o number_n and_o how_o marshal_v with_o some_o observation_n of_o both_o 23_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o grecian_a march_n baggage_n encamp_v guard_n and_o of_o their_o paean_n 26_o chap._n x._o one_o of_o our_o modern_a army_n compare_v with_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n 28_o book_n ii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n p._n 33_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o military_a election_n and_o levy_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 40_o chap._n iii_o of_o their_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o of_o their_o military_a oath_n 42_o chap._n iv_o of_o sieges_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o great_a engine_n and_o machine_n use_v in_o they_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_n 49_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o military_a exercise_n duty_n burden_n march_n and_o work_v of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 57_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a infantry_n of_o all_o its_o several_a body_n and_o their-officer_n 61_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n 74_o chap._n viii_o of_o their_o trumpeter_n hornwinder_n and_o of_o the_o classicum_fw-la 79_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o roman_a pay_n proviant_a and_o of_o their_o donative_n 81_o chap._n x._o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o titus_n livius_n with_o lipsius_n his_o amendment_n 84_o chap._n xi_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o flavius_n vegetius_n 87_o chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v 89_o chap._n xiii_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o polybius_n 95_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o distance_n and_o interval_n between_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n 96_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o of_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o 102_o chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o of_o some_o mistake_n concern_v it_o 105_o chap._n xvii_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n marshal_v in_o the_o field_n and_o of_o some_o general_a officer_n belong_v to_o it_o 108_o chap._n xviii_o of_o several_a figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o battle_n 112_o chap._n xix_o of_o some_o custom_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n before_o in_o the_o time_n of_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n 115_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 118_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 121_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o roman_a guard_n watch_n watchword_n and_o round_n 133_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n treaty_n parley_n and_o article_n among_o the_o ancient_n 136_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n 145_o chap._n xxv_o polybius_n his_o comparison_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n and_o the_o roman_a legion_n review_v 150_o book_n iii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n in_o general_n p._n 157_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v of_o their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v 163_o chap._n iii_o of_o armour_n or_o defensive_a arm_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n both_o for_o their_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n 168_o chap._n iv_o of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o infantry_n of_o several_a nation_n 171_o chap._n v._o of_o offenffve_n arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o several_a nation_n 173_o chap._n vi_o master_n lupton_n book_n
together_o as_o close_o as_o ever_o they_o can_v otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o pierce_v so_o home_o as_o be_v expect_v by_o those_o who_o cast_v they_o into_o those_o mould_n but_o this_o will_v be_v better_o understand_v afterward_o whether_o all_o those_o grecian_n who_o be_v fit_a to_o bear_v arm_n be_v train_v or_o exercise_v or_o some_o only_o of_o they_o elect_v for_o that_o purpose_n or_o whether_o those_o who_o be_v pick_v out_o and_o train_v enter_v in_o pay_n before_o they_o be_v put_v in_o company_n or_o troop_n or_o what_o that_o pay_n be_v or_o whether_o some_o be_v breed_v and_o train_v in_o military_a school_n and_o seminary_n as_o alexander_n do_v with_o those_o 30000_o aelian_a omission_n of_o aelian_a persian_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o learn_v the_o macedonian_a art_n of_o war_n and_o as_o the_o grand_a signior_n do_v with_o his_o janissary_n we_o know_v nothing_o we_o shall_v have_v be_v much_o bind_v to_o aelian_a if_o he_o have_v vouchsafe_v to_o have_v give_v we_o any_o light_n in_o these_o particular_n but_o he_o be_v defective_a all_o along_o in_o many_o thing_n beside_o these_o the_o grecian_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o roman_n thought_n training_n and_o exercise_v so_o necessary_a a_o duty_n that_o they_o never_o either_o neglect_v or_o omit_v it_o nay_o not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o calm_a peace_n a_o train_v and_o well_o exercise_v army_n have_v the_o advantage_n of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o train_v though_o the_o first_o be_v compose_v of_o novice_n and_o tyrone_n and_o the_o last_o of_o veteran_n whereof_o polybius_n a_o famous_a historian_n and_o a_o good_a captain_n give_v we_o a_o observable_a example_n in_o his_o five_o book_n aniiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n presume_v on_o the_o experience_n and_o duty_n exercise_v a_o necessary_a duty_n approve_a valour_n of_o his_o army_n and_o despise_v the_o egyptian_n with_o their_o king_n ptolemy_n a_o unactive_a prince_n who_o he_o have_v beat_v before_o neglect_v to_o exercise_n and_o keep_v his_o soldier_n in_o discipline_n mean_v time_n sisibius_n ptolomy_n great_a minister_n of_o state_n protract_a time_n with_o feign_a treaty_n with_o antiochus_n till_o he_o have_v levy_v great_a number_n both_o of_o native_n and_o stranger_n and_o have_v by_o grecian_a captain_n train_v and_o exercise_v they_o well_o in_o all_o military_a duty_n so_o that_o when_o the_o two_o king_n fight_v at_o raphia_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o c●losyria_n with_o army_n of_o near_a equal_a number_n ptolemy_n get_v the_o victory_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o grecian_a infantry_n we_o be_v tell_v by_o aelian_a that_o the_o grecian_a foot_n be_v sometime_o marshal_v sixteen_o deep_a sometime_o twelve_o and_o sometime_o eight_o observe_v here_o that_o what_o he_o or_o other_o author_n call_v a_o longitude_n we_o call_v a_o rank_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v frons_fw-la and_o yug●●●_n and_o what_o they_o call_v altitude_n we_o call_v a_o file_n or_o the_o depth_n the_o german_n after_o the_o latin_a call_v the_o deepness_n of_o a_o file_n the_o height_n of_o it_o the_o macedonian_n as_o aelian_a say_v marshal_v all_o their_o heavy_a deep_a foot_n sixteen_o deep_a arm_a foot_n sixteen_o deep_a and_o this_o height_n or_o depth_n of_o a_o file_n our_o author_n esteem_v to_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a because_o say_v he_o it_o make_v not_o too_o long_o a_o front_n but_o what_o if_o it_o make_v too_o short_a a_o one_o but_o his_o reason_n for_o sixteen_o deep_a we_o shall_v hereafter_o examine_v every_o one_o of_o those_o file_n have_v a_o leader_n who_o command_v it_o and_o be_v call_v dicurio_fw-la dicurio_fw-la decurio_fw-la observe_v here_o by_o the_o way_n that_o decurio_fw-la be_v not_o always_o he_o who_o command_v ten_o man_n as_o many_o of_o my_o profession_n fancy_n the_o file_n have_v likewise_o its_o tergiductor_n who_o be_v our_o bringer_n up_o but_o in_o aelian_o account_v this_o rear-man_n have_v no_o command_n but_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o middle-man_n who_o under_o the_o leader_n command_v the_o last_o half_a of_o the_o file_n there_o be_v beside_o in_o every_o file_n as_o aelian_a say_v four_a enomotarchs_n each_o whereof_o say_v he_o have_v the_o command_n file_n a_o file_n of_o three_o man_n but_o here_o assure_o our_o author_n mistake_v himself_o for_o four_o man_n and_o each_o of_o they_o the_o command_n of_o three_o make_v complete_o sixteen_o and_o so_o both_o file-leader_n and_o middle-man_n be_v exclude_v but_o certain_o the_o decuria_n or_o leader_n have_v the_o three_o man_n next_o he_o immediate_o under_o his_o command_n and_o the_o five_o man_n be_v a_o enomotarch_n who_o have_v three_o under_o he_o than_o the_o dimarite_n or_o middle-man_n who_o command_v the_o last_o half_a of_o the_o file_n have_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o three_o man_n immediate_o follow_v and_o last_o the_o five_o man_n from_o the_o dimarite_n and_o thirteen_o from_o the_o decurio_fw-la have_v the_o three_o last_o man_n of_o the_o file_n recommend_v to_o his_o care_n by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v but_o four_o petty_a commander_n in_o every_o file_n whereas_o aelian_a unadvised_o and_o unattentive_o make_v fix_v lochos_n with_o the_o grecian_n be_v our_o file_n two_o of_o these_o make_v a_o dilochy_n which_o consist_v of_o thirty_o two_o man_n its_o commander_n be_v call_v dilochita_n we_o have_v no_o officer_n to_o represent_v he_o but_o a_o lance_n spesate_n two_o dilochy_n foot_n ennumeration_n of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o foot_n or_o four_o file_n make_v a_o tetrarchy_n who_o number_n be_v sixty_o four_o its_o officer_n be_v a_o tetrarch_n who_o a_o caporal_a in_o a_o company_n of_o two_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o man_n may_v resemble_v two_o tetrarchy_n make_v a_o taxiarchy_n its_o commander_n be_v call_v taxiarcha_n which_o aelian_n translator_n render_v centurio_n his_o command_n be_v of_o eight_o file_n which_o make_v one_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o man_n and_o here_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v that_o centurio_n be_v not_o always_o strict_o take_v for_o a_o captain_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v hereafter_o in_o the_o roman_a militia_n his_o ordinary_a command_n be_v of_o sixty_o sometime_o but_o of_o thirty_o as_o it_o be_v here_o of_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o a_o sergeant_n in_o a_o old_a french_a or_o german_a company_n represent_v this_o grecian_a taxiarch_n two_o taxiarchy_n which_o be_v sixteen_o file_n make_v a_o syntagmatarchy_n of_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o six_o man_n its_o commander_n syntagmatarcha_n be_v our_o private_a captain_n this_o company_n be_v a_o square_a of_o man_n sixteen_o in_o rank_n and_o sixteen_o in_o file_n and_o whatever_o way_n you_o turn_v it_o still_o sixteen_o and_o if_o with_o aelian_a you_o allow_v six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o file_n as_o well_o as_o rank_n it_o will_v be_v a_o body_n equilateral_a and_o a_o square_a of_o ground_n as_o well_o as_o a_o square_a of_o man_n but_o of_o these_o manner_n of_o battle_n i_o shall_v speak_v particular_o hereafter_o two_o syntagmatarchy_n compose_v a_o pentecosiarchy_n consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o man_n its_o commander_n be_v call_v pentecosiarcha_n or_o in_o latin_a tribunus_n minor_fw-la we_o call_v he_o our_o lieutenant_n colonel_n two_o pentecosiarchy_n make_v a_o chiliarchy_n of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o man_n its_o commander_n be_v chiliarcha_n or_o tribunus_n major_n to_o who_o answer_v direct_o our_o modern_a colonel_n of_o one_o thousand_o man_n of_o two_o chiliarchy_n be_v make_v up_o a_o myriarchy_n body_n compare_v with_o our_o modern_a body_n of_o two_o thousand_o forty_o eight_o its_o commander_n be_v myriarcha_n about_o eighty_o year_n ago_o no_o colonel_n in_o germany_n have_v so_o few_o in_o his_o regiment_n but_o now_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o he_o be_v as_o our_o brigadeer_n two_o myriarchy_n make_v a_o phalangarchy_n or_o simple_a phalange_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o man_n its_o commander_n be_v call_v phalangiarcha_n in_o latin_a praeter_fw-la for_o who_o suppose_v a_o modern_a major_a general_n two_o phalangarchy_n make_v a_o diphalangarchy_n compose_v of_o eight_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o man_n its_o commander_n be_v call_v a_o diphalangiarcha_n for_o who_o we_o have_v none_o but_o a_o lieutenant_n general_n two_o of_o these_o make_v a_o phalange_n over_o which_o command_v the_o general_n of_o the_o infantry_n by_o this_o account_n we_o find_v in_o every_o phalange_n two_o diphalangarchy_n four_o phalangarchy_n eight_o myriarchy_n sixteen_o chiliarchy_n two_o and_o thirty_o pentecofiarchy_n sixty_o four_o syntagmatarchy_n in_o all_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o file_n which_o consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o man_n at_o sixteen_o in_o every_o file_n here_o you_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o every_o syntagmatarchy_n or_o private_a company_n consist_v of_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o six_o man_n have_v beside_o
he_o know_v best_o but_o the_o old_a roman_n dart_v their_o ●avelines_n as_o they_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v command_v by_o their_o general_n to_o make_v haste_n to_o come_v to_o dint_n of_o sword_n esteem_v by_o they_o the_o prince_n of_o weapon_n so_o caesar_n legionary_n at_o pharsalia_n be_v order_v after_o each_o man_n have_v cast_v his_o javeline_n to_o run_v to_o the_o shock_n which_o according_o they_o do_v the_o manner_n of_o throw_v their_o pila_fw-la be_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n throw_v first_o and_o immediate_o throw_v how_o they_o be_v throw_v bow_v down_o that_o the_o second_o rank_n may_v cast_v over_o their_o head_n so_o do_v the_o three_o and_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n till_o all_o the_o rank_n have_v throw_v when_o they_o stand_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n they_o use_v to_o stick_v their_o javelines_n in_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o sign_n be_v give_v so_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o no_o doubt_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n they_o may_v have_v make_v a_o pallisado_n of_o they_o against_o horse_n as_o suedish_n feather_n have_v be_v use_v in_o our_o time_n yet_o we_o read_v not_o in_o history_n that_o any_o such_o use_n be_v ever_o make_v of_o the_o roman_a pilum_fw-la be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v foot_n i_o shall_v desire_v my_o reader_n once_o for_o all_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o vegetius_n be_v desire_v by_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n to_o give_v he_o the_o constitution_n law_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n and_o not_o of_o any_o custom_n late_o creep_v in_o notwithstanding_o which_o he_o reckon_v among_o the_o light_a arm_a foot_n plumbati_n who_o he_o likewise_o call_v martiobarbuli_n and_o fustubularii_n who_o i_o can_v english_a otherwise_o than_o the_o first_o to_o be_v lead-caster_n and_o the_o second_o to_o be_v slinger_n with_o battoon_n he_o reckon_v also_o archer_n but_o in_o ancient_a history_n we_o do_v not_o read_v of_o any_o of_o those_o three_o for_o the_o old_a roman_n acknowledge_v not_o other_o light_n arm_v or_o velite_n but_o slinger_n velite_n roman_n velite_n and_o darter_n both_o these_o be_v arm_v defensive_o with_o headpiece_n of_o raw-hides_a and_o a_o target_n four_o handful_n long_o and_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n for_o offence_n arm_v how_o arm_v the_o darter_n have_v a_o sword_n and_o seven_o dart_n the_o slinger_n have_v a_o sling_n a_o sword_n and_o a_o number_n of_o stone_n some_o allow_v also_o to_o both_o of_o they_o a_o little_a javeline_n of_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n long_o the_o spanish_a dart_n be_v wing_a at_o the_o point_n can_v hardly_o be_v pull_v out_o of_o a_o shield_n or_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n such_o arrow_n be_v common_a and_o be_v call_v barb_a but_o the_o sagumine_fw-la dart_n which_o be_v call_v falarica_fw-la deserve_v falarica_fw-la the_o saguntine_n falarica_fw-la to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o livius_n describe_v it_o thus_o in_o his_o twenty_o first_o book_n falarica_fw-la be_v a_o kind_n of_o dart_n use_v by_o the_o saguntines_n when_o hannibal_n besiege_v their_o city_n perhaps_o they_o invent_v it_o at_o that_o siege_n it_o have_v a_o long_a shaft_n round_o and_o even_o every_o where_o except_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o that_o be_v head_v with_o iron_n three_o foot_n long_o tow_n be_v wrap_v about_o it_o smear_v with_o pitch_n this_o tow_n they_o fire_v when_o they_o be_v to_o lance_v the_o dart_n the_o violent_a motion_n increase_v the_o fire_n insomuch_o as_o when_o it_o can_v not_o pierce_v the_o body_n it_o force_v the_o soldier_n to_o cast_v away_o his_o shield_n or_o corslet_n and_o so_o expose_v he_o disarm_v to_o the_o dart_n or_o arrow_n which_o be_v shoot_v afterward_o the_o timber_n of_o the_o roman_a dart_n darter_n roman_n darter_n may_v be_v two_o foot_n long_o and_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n the_o point_n of_o it_o of_o iron_n one_o foot_n long_o sharp_a small_a and_o subtle_a that_o it_o may_v pierce_v and_o in_o pierce_a bow_n that_o so_o a_o enemy_n may_v not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o by_o throw_v it_o back_o again_o but_o this_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o roman_n yet_o i_o pray_v observe_v what_o livy_n say_v in_o contradiction_n of_o this_o in_o that_o battle_n which_o i_o mention_v but_o a_o little_a before_o the_o triarii_n gather_v up_o all_o the_o dart_n for_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o carry_v none_o of_o their_o own_o which_o be_v stray_v all_o over_o the_o field_n and_o no_o doubt_n have_v be_v all_o cast_v before_o and_o with_o these_o they_o disorder_v the_o gaul_n who_o have_v make_v a_o penthouse_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o so_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n what_o shall_v we_o then_o believe_v and_o be_v it_o not_o strange_a too_o that_o these_o darter_n will_v throw_v their_o dart_n four_o hundred_o foot_n for_o my_o part_n i_o dare_v not_o believe_v it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a certain_o the_o blow_n can_v not_o be_v mortal_a the_o roman_a slinger_n use_v to_o cast_v stone_n out_o of_o ordinary_a sling_n which_o they_o slinger_n roman_n slinger_n wheel_v about_o their_o head_n and_o will_v hit_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o six_o hundred_o foot_n for_o no_o less_o as_o vegetius_n affirm_v be_v allow_v they_o at_o their_o exercise_n other_o slinger_n the_o ancient_a roman_n have_v not_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o balearick_n island_n which_o now_o be_v call_v majorca_n and_o minorca_n be_v balear●ans_n balear●ans_n esteem_v both_o the_o best_a and_o the_o first_o exerciser_n of_o the_o sling_n the_o mother_n refuse_v to_o give_v their_o child_n meat_n till_o they_o have_v hit_v the_o mark_n be_v give_v they_o to_o throw_v at_o livy_n in_o his_o thirty_o eight_o book_n cry_v up_o the_o aegean_a slinger_n of_o who_o one_o hundred_o ●●●ans_n ●●●ans_n not_o only_o beat_v back_o the_o stout_a samian_o when_o they_o sally_v out_o of_o their_o town_n but_o also_o never_o miss_v to_o ●it_n they_o when_o they_o appear_v on_o the_o parapet_n of_o their_o wall_n force_v they_o to_o render_v their_o city_n to_o marcus_n f●lvius_n the_o roman_a consul_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v skilful_a ●enjamites_n ●enjamites_n or_o so_o ancient_a practiser_n of_o the_o sling_n as_o the_o israelite_n for_o there_o be_v 700_o of_o one_o tribe_n who_o can_v hit_v within_o a_o hairbreadth_n with_o this_o weapon_n do_v david_n obtain_v the_o victory_n over_o goliath_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n vegetius_n have_v reason_n to_o prefer_v the_o sling_n to_o the_o bow_n in_o this_o regard_n that_o a_o arrow_n can_v wound_v unless_o it_o pierce_v but_o a_o stone_n bruise_v though_o it_o pierce_v not_o and_o if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o weight_n it_o kill_v notwithstanding_o the_o resistance_n of_o any_o head-piece_n or_o corslet_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o a_o little_a before_o come_v the_o plumbati_n or_o martio●arbuli_n in_o fashion_n with_o the_o roman_n vegetius_n tell_v we_o what_o great_a service_n lead-caster_n lead-caster_n they_o do_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n but_o do_v we_o not_o the_o favour_n to_o describe_v the_o thing_n itself_o they_o throw_v bullet_n of_o lead_n of_o one_o pound_n weight_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v whether_o livy_n mention_n any_o of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v among_o those_o roman_a slinger_n who_o beat_v the_o gallo-greciant_a at_o olymp●●_n the_o fustibalus_n battoon-slingers_a battoon-slingers_a or_o battoonsling_n be_v a_o sling_n of_o leather_n tie_v to_o a_o battoon_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o which_o the_o slinger_n manage_v with_o both_o his_o hand_n and_o out_o of_o which_o say_v vegetius_n he_o throw_v stone_n as_o out_o of_o a_o onagra_n with_o so_o great_a force_n that_o neither_o target_n head-piece_n or_o corslet_n can_v resist_v it_o but_o these_o expression_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o plumbati_n or_o lead-caster_n and_o the_o fustibalarii_n or_o battoon-slingers_a but_o that_o the_o first_o cast_v lead_v and_o the_o last_o great_a stone_n but_o how_o far_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o not_o archer_n be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o velite_n till_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n auxiliary_n archer_n auxiliary_n and_o even_o then_o they_o be_v rather_o auxiliary_n than_o either_o roman_n or_o ally_n they_o be_v however_o make_v good_a use_n of_o after_o hannibal_n invade_v italy_n vegetius_n in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n affirm_v for_o which_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o history_n that_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o youth_n of_o rome_n be_v train_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o bow_n for_o
forward_o the_o great_a move_a tower_n to_o cleanse_v and_o clear_v its_o way_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n from_o that_o fish_n which_o naturalist_n say_v go_v before_o the_o whale_n to_o be_v its_o guide_n and_o to_o discover_v rock_n and_o shelf_n and_o so_o vegetius_n seem_v to_o describe_v it_o but_o other_o particular_o caesar_n who_o deserve_v trust_v make_v it_o a_o lesser_a testudo_fw-la or_o tortoise_n and_o describe_v it_o at_o length_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war._n other_o write_v it_o have_v a_o snout_n like_o a_o mouse_n wherewith_o it_o pick_v stone_n out_o of_o a_o wall_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v m●rusc●lus_n and_o corrupt_o musculus_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o who_o say_v it_o batter_v a_o wall_n as_o the_o ram_n do_v so_o far_o do_v ancient_a author_n differ_v beside_o the_o tortoise_n compose_v of_o man_n shield_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o forego_n tortoise_n testudo_fw-la or_o tortoise_n chapter_n there_o be_v a_o artificial_a engine_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v a_o testudo_fw-la or_o tortoise_n this_o be_v make_v of_o such_o a_o bigness_n as_o it_o please_v the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n or_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n to_o appoint_v within_o it_o be_v a_o great_a beam_n which_o sometime_o have_v on_o the_o end_n of_o it_o a_o iron_n hook_n or_o grapple_v which_o they_o shut_v forth_o when_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o draw_v stone_n out_o of_o a_o wall_n or_o for_o other_o use_n and_o pull_v the_o beam_n in_o again_o when_o they_o please_v and_o therefore_o they_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o that_o creature_n which_o can_v put_v itself_o out_o of_o its_o shell_n and_o in_o again_o when_o it_o please_v and_o sometime_o on_o the_o end_n of_o this_o beam_n say_v vegetius_n be_v fasten_v a_o great_a iron_n head_n for_o battery_n and_o be_v call_v a_o ram_n either_o because_o the_o bulk_n of_o iron_n be_v fashion_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o ram_n head_n or_o because_o after_o every_o stroke_n it_o be_v forcible_o draw_v back_o that_o at_o its_o return_n it_o may_v batter_v more_o violent_o as_o the_o custom_n of_o ram_n be_v when_o they_o fight_v this_o be_v all_o vegetius_n speak_v of_o the_o testudo_fw-la or_o aries_n except_o that_o he_o make_v the_o last_o to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o low_a stage_n of_o the_o ambulatory_a tower_n but_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o aries_n or_o ram_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o formidable_a machine_n and_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o war_n be_v now_o to_o give_v the_o worse_a condition_n to_o the_o besiege_a when_o they_o hold_v out_o the_o battery_n of_o ordnance_n so_o of_o old_a those_o who_o do_v not_o yield_v before_o the_o ram_n have_v touch_v the_o wall_n get_v the_o worse_a quarter_n caesar_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n of_o the_o french_a war_n say_v he_o give_v some_o of_o the_o gaul_n their_o life_n because_o they_o render_v themselves_o before_o the_o ram_n begin_v to_o batter_v the_o description_n of_o this_o engine_n be_v thus_o give_v we_o by_o achilles_n terduzzi_n a_o great_a beam_n and_o of_o a_o great_a length_n 200_o foot_n and_o more_o make_v like_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n ram._n aries_n or_o ram._n have_v a_o exceed_a ponderous_a and_o great_a head_n of_o iron_n which_o sometime_o resemble_v that_o of_o a_o ram_n sometime_o it_o have_v another_o shape_n this_o beam_n be_v support_v by_o two_o other_o great_a one_o which_o make_v the_o base_a of_o the_o engine_n they_o meet_v above_o in_o a_o sharp_a angle_n keep_v the_o ram_n suspend_v in_o a_o aequilibrie_n it_o be_v manage_v by_o soldier_n behind_o and_o as_o many_o on_o both_o side_n as_o can_v be_v convenient_o lodge_v in_o tortoise_n moscle_n or_o other_o penthouse_n that_o be_v ordain_v to_o convey_v it_o no_o solidity_n or_o strength_n of_o wall_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o continuate_v and_o reiterated_a verberation_n of_o this_o engine_n as_o josephus_n in_o his_o jewish_a war_n and_o many_o other_o author_n witness_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v see_v stone_n wall_n of_o town_n build_v by_o the_o ancient_n make_v a_o notable_a resistance_n against_o the_o battery_n of_o whole_a cannon_n it_o soon_o make_v such_o a_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n that_o miner_n can_v lodge_v in_o it_o and_o enlarge_v it_o as_o they_o please_v in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o battery_n it_o be_v defend_v above_o with_o hurdle_n basket_n full_a of_o earth_n and_o raw_a hide_n and_o on_o both_o side_n with_o moscle_n vine_n and_o tortoise_n out_o of_o or_o from_o under_o which_o the_o besieger_n incessant_o cast_v their_o missile_n against_o the_o defendant_n and_o they_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o ram_n to_o the_o wall_n beat_v it_o with_o huge_a great_a stone_n or_o heavy_a lump_n and_o oppose_v how_o it_o be_v oppose_v weight_n of_o lead_n tie_v with_o strong_a rope_n or_o chain_n of_o iron_n to_o a_o crane_n or_o telenon_fw-mi those_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o defend_v the_o ram_n endeavour_v to_o gripe_v those_o rope_n or_o chain_n with_o long_a hook_n or_o grapple_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o besiege_v assay_v with_o long_a scythes_n to_o cut_v the_o cord_n which_o govern_v and_o sustain_v the_o ram._n the_o defendant_n also_o use_v to_o hang_v over_o the_o wall_n bed_n and_o great_a sack_n fill_v with_o straw_n feather_n or_o wool_n which_o break_v the_o source_n of_o the_o stroke_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o wall_n and_o these_o be_v all_o of_o good_a use_n in_o any_o retrenchment_n sudden_o make_v up_o against_o the_o battery_n of_o canon_n in_o our_o time_n the_o invention_n of_o a_o more_o dreadful_a engine_n than_o the_o ram_n the_o ordnance_n do_v not_o hinder_v this_o engine_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o d●valo_n marquis_n of_o pescara_n at_o pavia_n which_o when_o francis_n king_n of_o france_n have_v besiege_v and_o that_o the_o imperial_a army_n can_v not_o draw_v he_o out_o of_o the_o park_n to_o battle_n davalo_n in_o the_o night_n time_n with_o three_o ram_n break_v down_o the_o park-wall_n which_o davalo_n the_o ram_n make_v use_v of_o at_o pavia_n by_o davalo_n giovio_n say_v be_v of_o a_o admirable_a strength_n not_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o do_v it_o with_o cannon_n for_o alarm_v the_o french_a yet_o the_o violent_a stroke_n of_o the_o ram_n be_v hear_v but_o not_o at_o all_o suspect_v passage_n be_v make_v by_o these_o ancient_a machine_n some_o horse_n and_o foot_n enter_v who_o soon_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o great_a house_n or_o lodge_n of_o the_o park_n call_v mirabell_n this_o impose_v a_o necessity_n on_o the_o french_a king_n to_o fight_v and_o though_o he_o do_v it_o well_o yet_o be_v he_o beat_v and_o take_v the_o telenon_fw-mi be_v such_o another_o engine_n as_o that_o we_o draw_v water_n with_o out_o of_o telenon_fw-mi the_o telenon_fw-mi well_n call_v a_o sweep_v or_o like_o those_o crane_n wherewith_o great_a burden_n pack_n or_o weight_n be_v pull_v up_o and_o let_v down_o it_o be_v a_o huge_a beam_n of_o timber_n lay_v across_o way_n balance_v on_o another_o beam_n fasten_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o cross-beam_n mount_v up_o when_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v the_o besieger_n make_v use_v of_o it_o by_o make_v at_o one_o end_n of_o the_o cross-beam_n a_o little_a house_n of_o board_n or_o osier_n twig_n in_o which_o they_o may_v lodge_v three_o or_o four_o man_n who_o they_o may_v therewith_o set_v on_o any_o part_n of_o the_o high_a wall_n to_o bring_v they_o intelligence_n what_o the_o defendant_n be_v do_v but_o the_o besiege_a make_v better_a use_n of_o it_o by_o tie_v great_a stone_n or_o lump_n of_o lead_n to_o it_o with_o which_o as_o be_v say_v before_o they_o may_v beat_v in_o piece_n either_o the_o ram_n or_o tortoise_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o old_a tactick_a aeneas_n advise_v a_o hole_n to_o be_v dig_v through_o the_o wall_n by_o the_o besiege_a themselves_o and_o out_o of_o it_o with_o a_o ram_n of_o their_o own_o batter_v the_o besieger_n batter_v ram._n the_o defendant_n use_v also_o to_o tie_v to_o the_o talenon_fw-mi hand_n drag_v clasp_v iron_n and_o grapple_v wherewith_o to_o lay_v hold_n on_o the_o ram_n head_n as_o also_o by_o they_o fasten_v to_o iron_n chain_n to_o pull_v up_o man_n when_o they_o come_v to_o assault_v their_o wall_n yea_o and_o some_o of_o the_o lesser_a engine_n also_o terduzzi_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o archimedes_n his_o famous_a machine_n wherewith_o he_o draw_v up_o ship_n into_o the_o air_n and_o let_v they_o fall_v with_o violence_n be_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o this_o telenon_fw-mi but_o he_o give_v not_o his_o reason_n for_o this_o opinion_n of_o he_o the_o balist_n be_v a_o great_a machine_n out_o of_o which_o be_v
principes_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o assistance_n but_o by_o this_o argument_n they_o need_v not_o have_v be_v so_o many_o as_o six_o hundred_o because_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o by_o this_o reason_n the_o principes_fw-la shall_v have_v be_v but_o six_o hundred_o because_o the_o hastati_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o help_n before_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o fight_v but_o his_o second_o reason_n speak_v why_o and_o why_o better_a sense_n which_o be_v that_o the_o consul_n who_o ordinary_o stand_v near_o the_o triarii_n come_v with_o the_o evocati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la of_o the_o socii_fw-la or_o ally_n and_o join_v with_o the_o triarii_n what_o these_o extraordinarii_fw-la be_v shall_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o what_o the_o evocati_fw-la be_v i_o shall_v tell_v you_o just_a now_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v lipsius_n the_o evocati_fw-la be_v only_o of_o the_o roman_a nation_n but_o what_o evocati_fw-la what_o i_o think_v i_o be_o oblige_v rather_o to_o believe_v caesar_n who_o say_v he_o have_v his_o evocate_n out_o of_o gaul_n and_o at_o that_o time_n of_o his_o civil_a war_n the_o gaul_n be_v either_o enemy_n or_o auxiliary_n at_o best_a those_o of_o the_o evocate_n who_o be_v roman_n be_v such_o as_o have_v serve_v out_o their_o time_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o their_o militia_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o follow_v the_o war_n yet_o upon_o the_o entreaty_n or_o letter_n of_o the_o consul_n proconsul_n or_o general_n come_v without_o constraint_n to_o wait_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o in_o that_o expedition_n some_o of_o they_o sery_v on_o horse_n some_o on_o foot_n and_o be_v put_v in_o troop_n and_o company_n and_o have_v their_o officer_n and_o pay_v but_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o manner_n of_o military_a duty_n except_o fight_v and_o attend_v on_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o go_v with_o scipio_n to_o africa_n three_o thousand_o of_o they_o go_v to_o macedon_n with_o titus_n flaminius_n two_o thousand_o go_v with_o pompey_n against_o caesar_n and_o augustus_n in_o one_o expedition_n have_v ten_o thousand_o of_o they_o beside_o these_o evocati_fw-la there_o be_v volunteer_n volunteer_n roman_n volunteer_n who_o have_v serve_v out_o their_o time_n be_v not_o ordinary_a soldier_n and_o not_o be_v call_v out_o by_o the_o consul_n be_v not_o proper_o evocati_fw-la neither_o have_v they_o any_o pay_n but_o go_v to_o the_o war_n mere_o of_o their_o own_o motion_n and_o freewill_n either_o to_o do_v their_o country_n service_n or_o to_o acquire_v riches_n or_o honour_n to_o themselves_o and_o family_n or_o for_o all_o these_o three_o respect_n together_o now_o there_o be_v beside_o all_o these_o foot_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v some_o of_o what_o proletar●i_n what_o the_o poor_a sort_n call_v proletarii_n and_o capite_fw-la censi_fw-la that_o be_v not_o admit_v by_o servius_n tullius_n king_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v enroll_v for_o the_o war_n but_o be_v leave_v to_o serve_v at_o sea_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v esteem_v dishonourable_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o land_n service_n yet_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o take_v arm_n which_o be_v give_v they_o out_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o come_v to_o be_v enroll_v in_o legion_n particular_o with_o marius_n against_o the_o t●ut●n●s_n and_o the_o cimbrian_o livius_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n write_v of_o that_o war_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v with_o accensi_fw-la rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la the_o latin_n mention_n rorarii_fw-la and_z accensi_fw-la in_o two_o several_a body_n and_o he_o place_v they_o behind_o the_o triarii_n they_o be_v call_v from_o the_o rear_n according_a as_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n have_v use_v for_o they_o they_o be_v the_o light_a arm_a foot_n and_o have_v those_o name_n till_o the_o roman_n besiege_v capua_n in_o hannibal_n time_n then_o and_o there_o it_o seem_v they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o velite_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v they_o be_v call_v accensi_fw-la because_o they_o be_v the_o mean_a in_o the_o cense_v and_o rorarii_fw-la à_fw-la roar_n from_o dew_n because_o in_o skirmish_v they_o scatter_v themselves_o as_o dew_n do_v on_o grass_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o of_o they_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n each_o of_o these_o three_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n be_v divide_v into_o century_n two_o century_n make_v a_o maniple_n three_o maniple_n make_v a_o cohort_n and_o ten_o cohort_n make_v up_o a_o legion_n a_o roman_a legion_n be_v of_o great_a or_o lesser_a legion_n legion_n number_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n senate_n people_n or_o emperor_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o sovereignty_n or_o as_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o affair_n seem_v to_o require_v romulus_n ordain_v it_o to_o consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o man_n one_o thousand_o of_o each_o tribe_n whereof_o there_o be_v but_o three_o in_o his_o time_n though_o afterward_o they_o come_v to_o be_v thirty_o five_o whether_o the_o king_n who_o succeed_v romulus_n keep_v the_o legion_n at_o three_o thousand_o foot_n i_o know_v not_o but_o after_o monarchy_n be_v banish_v the_o city_n legion_n come_v to_o be_v four_o thousand_o strong_a sometime_o five_o thousand_o and_o twice_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o six_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o let_v we_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o first_o of_o a_o century_n centurion_n a_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n at_o the_o first_o constitution_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o a_o centuriate_a consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o its_o commander_n be_v call_v centurion_n both_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o centum_fw-la a_o hundred_o but_o thereafter_o that_o band_n of_o man_n call_v a_o centuriate_a in_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o or_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v most_o ordinary_a come_v to_o consist_v but_o of_o sixty_o man_n in_o the_o two_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la and_o but_o of_o thirty_o in_o the_o three_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la there_o be_v twenty_o centuriates_n at_o sixty_o man_n each_o of_o they_o and_o those_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o just_o as_o many_o centuriates_n and_o of_o that_o same_o number_n for_o the_o principes_fw-la make_v twelve_o hundred_o more_o in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v likewise_o twenty_o centuriates_n but_o each_o of_o these_o consist_v but_o of_o thirty_o man_n which_o make_v six_o hundred_o in_o all_o three_o thousand_o heavy_a arm_v the_o other_o thousand_o or_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v velite_n but_o though_o each_o of_o those_o band_n be_v but_o sixty_o or_o thirty_o strong_a yet_o they_o and_o their_o principal_a commander_n keep_v their_o ancient_a denom●nations_n of_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n there_o be_v sixty_o centuriates_n in_o a_o legion_n though_o vegetius_n speak_v of_o but_o fifty_o five_o which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v examine_v the_o centurion_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o i_o former_o tell_v you_o and_o he_o have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v his_o own_o sub-centurion_n sub-centurion_n a_o sub-centurion_n who_o station_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v indeed_o nothing_o but_o ou●_n bringer_n up_o polybius_n his_o interpreter_n call_v the_o centurion_n ordinum_fw-la d●ctores_fw-la leader_n of_o file_n or_o of_o centuriates_n if_o ordo_fw-la be_v take_v for_o a_o centuriate_a as_o perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o sub-centurion_n he_o call_v agminis_fw-la coactorem_fw-la and_o that_o be_v direct_o our_o rear-man_n this_o will_v not_o make_v a_o centurion_n and_o sub-centurion_n to_o be_v our_o captain_n and_o lieutenant_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v and_o if_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o roman_a centurion_n command_v but_o sixty_o some_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o man_n and_o be_v himself_o not_o otherwise_o arm_v than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o centuriate_a only_o distinguish_v by_o his_o crest_n and_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n with_o the_o rest_n either_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o front_n of_o the_o maniple_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v think_v with_o i_o that_o the_o roman_a centurion_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o either_o power_n or_o honour_n be_v no_o other_o than_o our_o corporal_n corporal_n centurion_n our_o corporal_n and_o their_o sub-centurion_n such_o as_o lancespesat_n especial_o where_o foot_n company_n be_v as_o in_o our_o own_o time_n they_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o europe_n three_o hundred_o strong_a and_o consequent_o every_o corporalship_n sixty_o man_n the_o centurion_n badge_n be_v a_o
lipsius_n his_o own_o account_n reckon_v but_o one_o banner_n to_o every_o maniple_n if_o he_o have_v get_v all_o he_o shall_v have_v get_v just_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o yet_o caesar_n declare_v he_o get_v no_o more_o than_o one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o what_o will_v follow_v upon_o all_o this_o but_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ensign_n escape_v as_o well_o as_o the_o two_o eagle_n or_o that_o they_o be_v tear_v or_o destroy_v by_o the_o bearer_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o our_o own_o time_n for_o ensign_n to_o do_v but_o he_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o hastati_fw-la have_v yet_o each_o century_n of_o the_o triarii_n have_v but_o one_o colour_n because_o of_o their_o small_a number_n but_o his_o conjecture_n be_v ill_o ground_v as_o not_o agreeable_a to_o ancient_a story_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o that_o thirty_o man_n of_o the_o triarii_n shall_v make_v a_o century_n that_o century_n ought_v to_o have_v have_v a_o ensign_n as_o well_o as_o a_o century_n of_o either_o the_o hastati_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la which_o according_a to_o polybius_n consist_v of_o sixty_o man_n and_o according_a to_o vegetius_n of_o one_o hundred_o men._n and_o we_o see_v the_o like_a colour_n all_o centuria●es_n have_v colour_n practice_n in_o our_o modern_a company_n of_o foot_n which_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v but_o of_o one_o hundred_o a_o piece_n they_o have_v colour_n as_o well_o as_o company_n of_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o or_o one_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o man_n or_o other_o of_o full_a three_o hundred_o men._n i_o hope_v if_o i_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o some_o thing_n which_o lipsius_n aver_v either_o here_o or_o afterward_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v esteem_v arrogance_n in_o i_o for_o i_o reverence_v the_o memory_n of_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a man_n but_o it_o will_v i_o suppose_v be_v grant_v author_n apology_n of_o the_o author_n i_o that_o he_o may_v easy_o err_v in_o thing_n that_o belong_v not_o proper_o to_o his_o profession_n though_o i_o believe_v no_o one_o man_n have_v give_v great_a light_n to_o the_o roman_a history_n than_o he_o have_v do_v in_o the_o five_o dialogue_n of_o the_o five_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n he_o himself_o give_v free_a liberty_n to_o all_o military_a person_n to_o examine_v all_o he_o write_v on_o a_o military_a subject_n provide_v they_o be_v not_o omnium_fw-la literarum_fw-la &_o artium_fw-la rudes_fw-la that_o be_v not_o altogether_o rude_a and_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o learning_n and_o arts._n a_o cohort_n consist_v of_o three_o maniple_n but_o neither_o be_v these_o three_o maniple_n cohort_n a_o cohort_n all_o of_o one_o class_n nor_o be_v the_o cohort_n marshal_v in_o one_o equal_a batallion_n or_o front_n but_o it_o be_v order_v thus_o a_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la a_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o a_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n make_v a_o cohort_n and_o these_o be_v marshal_v so_o that_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la stand_v at_o a_o distance_n just_a behind_o the_o interval_n that_o be_v i_o pray_v you_o observe_v it_o between_o two_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o not_o direct_o behind_o one_o of_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n and_o the_o three_o maniple_n of_o the_o cohort_n which_o be_v of_o the_o triarii_n stand_v direct_o behind_o the_o marshal_v how_o marshal_v interval_n that_o be_v between_o two_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o to_o speak_v it_o once_o for_o all_o this_o be_v ever_o the_o roman_a custom_n of_o marshal_v these_o three_o class_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la except_o once_o at_o zama_n where_o scipio_n draw_v they_o up_o in_o a_o direct_a and_o straight_a line_n one_o just_a behind_o another_o leave_v one_o interval_n direct_o opposite_a to_o that_o which_o be_v before_o it_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o fury_n of_o hannibal_n numerous_a elephant_n say_v livius_n of_o both_o his_o elephant_n and_o horse_n say_v polybius_n i_o shall_v neither_o busy_v my_o reader_n nor_o myself_o with_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n coh●rs_n which_o may_v be_v a_o greek_a word_n that_o signify_v a_o close_a or_o enclosure_n but_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o though_o the_o centuriate_a be_v sometime_o strong_a sometime_o weak_a of_o man_n according_a as_o the_o legion_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v yet_o still_o a_o maniple_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v a_o band_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o two_o centuriates_n join_v together_o and_o a_o cohort_n be_v still_o the_o same_o that_o be_v a_o body_n compose_v of_o three_o maniple_n though_o not_o join_v together_o till_o necessity_n force_v either_o the_o retreat_n or_o advance_v of_o some_o of_o they_o and_o be_v a_o legion_n consist_v of_o ten_o cohort_n and_o the_o strong_a legion_n we_o read_v of_o as_o to_o its_o number_n of_o foot_n be_v six_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o i_o admire_v why_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n vegetius_n make_v his_o first_o cohort_n to_o consist_v of_o one_o thousand_o man_n and_o more_o and_o all_o the_o other_o nine_o of_o five_o hundred_o and_o cohort_n vegetius_n his_o cohort_n fifty_o apiece_o whereas_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o his_o legion_n which_o be_v six_o thousand_o and_o one_o hundred_o each_o cohort_n shall_v have_v consist_v of_o six_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o man_n or_o thereabouts_o neither_o do_v his_o commentator_n stevechius_n defend_v he_o well_o by_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v millenariae_n cohortes_n cohort_n of_o thousand_o for_o these_o be_v not_o legionary_a cohort_n but_o band_n batallion_n or_o body_n of_o such_o company_n centuriates_n or_o maniple_n as_o the_o praetor_n consul_n imperator_n or_o general_n choose_v and_o appoint_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o be_v call_v cohortes_n pr●torian●_n or_o praetorian_a guard_n and_o be_v strong_a cohort_n praetorian_a cohort_n or_o weak_a more_o or_o less_o numerous_a according_a to_o the_o power_n or_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a and_o afterward_o they_o be_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o time_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war._n the_o first_o we_o read_v of_o that_o have_v one_o of_o they_o be_v posthumius_fw-la the_o dictator_n mention_v by_o livy_n in_o his_o second_o book_n the_o great_a scipio_n gather_v a_o choice_a number_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o depender_n together_o to_o attend_v he_o in_o his_o carthaginian_a voyage_n ease_v they_o of_o all_o duty_n but_o fight_v and_o allow_v they_o a_o three_o more_o of_o pay_n than_o other_o have_v julius_n caesar_n have_v none_o of_o they_o augustus_n have_v nine_o thousand_o of_o they_o who_o he_o call_v guard_n emperor_n guard_n firmamentum_fw-la imperii_fw-la the_o firmament_n and_o establisher_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o in_o time_n they_o come_v to_o be_v the_o elector_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o murderer_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o bane_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n some_o of_o they_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o yet_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o cohort_n i_o believe_v lipsius_n conjecture_n right_a enough_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n where_o army_n be_v make_v up_o of_o many_o legion_n and_o these_o make_v weak_a by_o long_a and_o continuate_v march_n frequent_a sieges_n and_o battle_n than_o i_o say_v it_o be_v probable_a cohort_n be_v model_v in_o one_o body_n and_o use_v as_o maniple_n use_v to_o be_v maniple_n cohort_n marshal_v as_o maniple_n in_o more_o ancient_a time_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o will_v not_o grant_v to_o lipsius_n that_o the_o cohort_n consist_v of_o less_o than_o six_o century_n though_o they_o may_v be_v very_o weak_a nor_o yet_o will_v i_o grant_v that_o every_o one_o of_o those_o six_o century_n have_v not_o its_o own_o centurion_n and_o ensign_n for_o as_o in_o our_o modern_a regiment_n a_o captain_n be_v still_o captain_n though_o his_o company_n be_v not_o twenty_o strong_a and_o have_v colour_n always_o till_o the_o regiment_n be_v break_v so_o among_o the_o roman_n every_o century_n or_o ordo_fw-la have_v its_o centurion_n and_o ensign_n till_o the_o legion_n be_v dismiss_v and_o disband_v which_o be_v frequent_o enough_o do_v in_o every_o legion_n there_o be_v ten_o cohort_n neither_o have_v a_o cohort_n any_o particular_a legion_n how_o many_o cohort_n in_o a_o legion_n commander_n over_o it_o more_o than_o the_o maniple_n have_v so_o as_o yet_o the_o centurion_n be_v the_o high_a officer_n yea_o the_o only_a officer_n in_o a_o legion_n except_o the_o tribune_n whereof_o for_o the_o most_o part_n there_o be_v six_o in_o a_o legion_n be_v the_o legion_n of_o what_o strength_n it_o will_v yet_o the_o legion_n be_v not_o divide_v among_o the_o tribune_n nor_o have_v any_o one_o of_o they_o a_o particular_a command_n
founder_n of_o their_o city_n be_v nurse_v by_o one_o of_o they_o after_o the_o state_n be_v change_v into_o a_o monarchy_n ordinary_o they_o have_v in_o their_o banner_n the_o picture_n and_o image_n of_o their_o emperor_n and_o vegetius_n speak_v of_o they_o in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o image_n image_n his_o second_o book_n call_v they_o that_o carry_v they_o imaginiferi_fw-la qui_fw-la imagine_v imperatorum_fw-la portare_fw-la solebant_fw-la image-bearer_n who_o use_v to_o carry_v the_o image_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o image_n of_o those_o proud_a and_o ambitious_a prince_n have_v a_o reverend_a kind_n of_o worship_n pay_v to_o they_o so_o we_o read_v in_o cornelius_n tacitus_n that_o tiridates_n a_o parthian_a prince_n when_o he_o have_v leave_v his_o own_o and_o come_v to_o corbulo_n army_n adore_v nero_n image_n there_o be_v a_o great_a banner_n not_o hear_v of_o in_o standard_n labarum_n the_o imperial_a standard_n ancient_a time_n that_o they_o call_v labarum_n which_o be_v never_o carry_v into_o the_o field_n but_o when_o the_o emperor_n be_v personal_o with_o the_o army_n this_o resemble_v our_o royal_a standard_n but_o here_o be_v a_o question_n since_o all_o the_o century_n in_o all_o the_o three_o class_n have_v antesignani_fw-la antesignani_fw-la colour_n why_o the_o hastati_fw-la in_o several_a history_n be_v call_v antesignani_fw-la as_o those_o who_o march_v before_o the_o colour_n and_o the_o principes_fw-la subsignani_fw-la as_o those_o which_o postsignani_n and_o postsignani_n march_v under_o the_o colour_n and_o the_o triarii_n postsignani_n as_o those_o who_o march_v after_o the_o colour_n which_o seem_v to_o import_v that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v ensign_n but_o the_o principes_fw-la to_o which_o be_v answer_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la subsignani_fw-la subsignani_fw-la being_n before_o the_o triarii_n and_o their_o own_o colour_n in_o the_o first_o rank_n the_o triarii_n be_v proper_o enough_o call_v postsignani_n the_o principes_fw-la be_v subsignani_fw-la because_o with_o they_o say_v some_o be_v the_o principal_a colour_n and_o by_o this_o same_o call_v why_o so_o call_v reason_n they_o will_v have_v the_o hastati_fw-la to_o be_v antesignani_fw-la because_o though_o they_o have_v ensign_n of_o their_o own_o yet_o they_o march_v before_o the_o principal_a colour_n indeed_o we_o must_v be_v satisfy_v with_o this_o reason_n for_o lack_v of_o a_o better_a and_o true_o it_o be_v better_a than_o that_o of_o some_o who_o say_v the_o hastati_fw-la be_v call_v antesignani_fw-la because_o in_o time_n of_o fight_n they_o send_v back_o their_o ensign_n to_o the_o principes_fw-la this_o can_v hold_v if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o we_o read_v very_o often_o in_o history_n that_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n or_o assault_n the_o ensign_n sometime_o the_o eagle_n itself_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o batallion_n or_o camp_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o animate_v the_o soldier_n to_o advance_v and_o charge_v with_o great_a courage_n and_o fury_n to_o recover_v their_o banner_n this_o differ_v far_o from_o send_v they_o back_o to_o the_o next_o class_n of_o heavy_a arm_v vegetius_n speak_v of_o a_o praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la the_o colonel_n brigadeer_n or_o major_a legion_n a_o commander_n of_o the_o whole_a legion_n general_n of_o the_o whole_a legion_n who_o have_v the_o command_n over_o the_o tribune_n but_o though_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o such_o a_o officer_n shall_v have_v be_v yet_o since_o neither_o polybius_n or_o any_o ancient_a history_n mention_n he_o we_o must_v conclude_v he_o have_v come_v in_o request_n long_o after_o the_o emperor_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o rome_n if_o any_o think_v the_o legate_n be_v these_o pr●fecti_n i_o will_v tell_v they_o it_o be_v not_o so_o from_o the_o beginning_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o can_v find_v that_o in_o the_o ancient_a roman_a militia_n there_o be_v any_o other_o officer_n in_o a_o legion_n but_o the_o tribune_n and_o centurion_n centurion_n no_o foot_n officer_n but_o tribune_n and_o centurion_n i_o still_o except_o the_o decurion_n of_o horse_n whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n all_o other_o be_v but_o temporary_a deputy_n without_o office_n or_o pay_n or_o else_o privilege_a soldier_n make_v free_a from_o some_o duty_n or_o benefice_v with_o some_o donative_n for_o some_o particular_a piece_n of_o good_a service_n perform_v by_o they_o which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o make_v they_o officer_n and_o to_o aver_v they_o be_v officer_n without_o pay_n be_v something_o ridiculous_a now_o that_o none_o have_v pay_n as_o officer_n but_o only_a tribune_n and_o centurion_n i_o speak_v still_o of_o the_o foot_n and_o that_o all_o other_o have_v pay_v and_o donative_n only_o as_o common_a soldier_n shall_v be_v i_o hope_v clear_v by_o i_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a pay_n that_o which_o indeed_o stumble_v i_o most_o be_v that_o the_o ensign-bearer_n be_v not_o reckon_v to_o be_v officer_n and_o i_o conceive_v this_o have_v be_v a_o neglect_n in_o both_o vegetius_n and_o polybius_n that_o they_o have_v not_o give_v we_o right_a information_n of_o that_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v but_o suppose_v the_o roman_n do_v assure_o give_v to_o their_o ensign_n some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a allowance_n for_o carry_v the_o colour_n especial_o since_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o soldier_n pay_v and_o booty_n and_o of_o their_o largess_n and_o donative_n too_o be_v deposit_v in_o the_o ensign_n hand_n or_o at_o the_o colour_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o soldier_n dismission_n of_o which_o hereafter_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o my_o best_a understanding_n caesar_n do_v not_o acknowledge_v any_o foot_n officer_n or_o commander_n in_o a_o legion_n or_o in_o the_o army_n but_z tribunes_z and_o centurion_n hear_v himself_o in_o two_o several_a place_n the_o first_o be_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n where_o he_o say_v the_o chieftain_n swear_v first_o after_o he_o the_o tribune_n after_o they_o the_o centurion_n and_o then_o say_v he_o the_o soldier_n by_o century_n not_o ●ne_a word_n here_o of_o sub-centurion_n option_n ensign-bearer_n tesseraries_n measurer_n clerk_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o crew_n who_o indeed_o be_v all_o of_o they_o but_o soldier_n in_o these_o century_n the_o second_o place_n be_v in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n there_o he_o tell_v we_o how_o a_o oath_n be_v swear_v not_o to_o desert_n pompey_n very_o ill_o keep_v first_o say_v he_o labi●nus_n as_o chief_a swear_v than_o the_o legate_n whereof_o labienus_n himself_o be_v one_o than_o the_o tribune_n next_o they_o the_o centurion_n and_o then_o the_o whole_a army_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n we_o have_v but_o a_o slender_a account_n give_v we_o of_o the_o roman_a horse_n by_o vegetius_n horse_n the_o sum_n of_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o the_o horse_n all_o he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_a amount_n to_o this_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v as_o a_o band_n of_o foot_n be_v call_v a_o century_n or_o a_o maniple_n so_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n be_v call_v a_o turma_fw-la that_o be_v a_o troop_n that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o troop_n consist_v of_o thirty_o two_o rider_n whereof_o the_o commander_n be_v call_v a_o decurion_n and_o he_o describe_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o person_n not_o only_o well_o arm_v and_o horse_v and_o active_a and_o expert_a in_o all_o feat_n of_o horsemanship_n but_o able_a to_o teach_v his_o trooper_n to_o be_v so_o likewise_o and_o to_o keep_v their_o arm_n bright_a and_o clean_o and_o their_o horse_n in_o good_a case_n in_o the_o twenty_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o cataphract_v horseman_n or_o cuirassier_n arm_v at_o all_o piece_n be_v free_a from_o wound_n how_o can_v this_o be_v when_o their_o face_n be_v not_o cover_v but_o be_v not_o able_a say_v he_o to_z do_v great_a matter_n because_o of_o the_o heaviness_n of_o their_o armour_n yet_o good_a at_o close_a fight_n either_o before_o the_o foot_n or_o mix_v with_o they_o to_o beat_v a_o batallion_n of_o a_o enemy_n this_o be_v all_o so_o we_o remain_v ignorant_a till_o he_o come_v to_o marshal_v his_o legion_n of_o vegetius_n omission_n of_o vegetius_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o even_o then_o for_o he_o we_o know_v not_o how_o the_o horseman_n be_v levy_v o●_n elect_v how_o they_o be_v pay_v how_o they_o watch_v or_o what_o other_o duty_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v how_o deep_o they_o be_v marshal_v when_o and_o where_o they_o march_v or_o fight_v what_o distance_n be_v between_o their_o rank_n and_o file_n and_o what_o interval_n between_o their_o turme_n or_o
sell_v by_o the_o treasurer_n and_o then_o proportionable_o divide_v among_o all_o according_a to_o every_o order_n a_o good_a order_n man_n quality_n a_o centurion_n receive_v double_a that_o which_o a_o soldier_n get_v a_o horseman_n triple_a and_o a_o tribune_n quadruple_a so_o that_o they_o who_o fight_v in_o the_o field_n and_o they_o who_o stay_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o camp_n they_o who_o storm_v a_o town_n and_o they_o who_o stand_v in_o reserve_n share_v all_o alike_o in_o the_o booty_n the_o roman_n give_v all_o their_o proviant_a to_o their_o army_n in_o corn_n and_o do_v not_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o make_v it_o either_o into_o meal_n or_o bread_n and_o in_o their_o strict_a discipline_n baker_n be_v all_o banish_v from_o their_o camp_n and_o the_o soldier_n order_v to_o grind_v their_o corn_n themselves_o hand_o mill_n or_o quern_n be_v allow_v they_o for_o that_o use_n and_o thereafter_o to_o bake_v their_o own_o bread_n many_o time_n they_o take_v not_o the_o pain_n to_o do_v either_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o but_o boil_v their_o wheat_n with_o a_o little_a salt_n and_o so_o eat_v it_o up_o for_o pottage_n they_o use_v to_o carry_v with_o they_o drink_v their_o ordinary_a meat_n and_o drink_v lard_n or_o bacon_n or_o some_o other_o fat_a wherewith_o they_o smear_v their_o bread_n a_o little_a bottle_n with_o vinegar_n they_o bear_v also_o about_o with_o they_o with_o a_o very_a small_a quantity_n whereof_o they_o give_v a_o relish_n to_o their_o water_n which_o be_v their_o ordinary_a drink_n though_o wine_n be_v not_o forbid_v they_o for_o mahomet_n have_v then_o not_o intoxicate_v the_o world_n with_o his_o doctrine_n nor_o discharge_v the_o use_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n which_o cherish_v the_o heart_n of_o god_n and_o man._n the_o roman_a soldier_n then_o drink_v wine_n for_o it_o be_v allow_v they_o when_o convenient_o it_o can_v be_v get_v though_o drunkenness_n be_v a_o crime_n seldom_o hear_v of_o among_o they_o there_o be_v also_o sometime_o ox_n sheep_n and_o beef_n divide_v among_o they_o for_o prepare_v and_o make_v ready_a whereof_o in_o the_o strict_a time_n of_o their_o discipline_n the_o soldier_n be_v permit_v to_o carry_v a_o brass_n pot_n a_o spit_n and_o a_o drink_a cup_n but_o i_o suppose_v one_o of_o every_o kind_n of_o these_o utensil_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o soldier_n but_o to_o a_o contubernium_fw-la utensil_n utensil_n or_o tent-full_a of_o they_o whether_o that_o consist_v of_o ten_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o they_o to_o dine_v or_o sup_v when_o they_o please_v but_o it_o be_v know_v by_o the_o classicum_fw-la when_o the_o consul_n go_v to_o table_n the_o tribune_n go_v to_o they_o and_o so_o both_o centurion_n and_o common_a soldier_n go_v to_o dinner_n with_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n may_v not_o a_o man_n say_v that_o here_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o state_n than_o good_a fare_n those_o general_n who_o exercise_v strict_a discipline_n appoint_v their_o soldier_n to_o take_v their_o dinner_n stand_v marry_o sit_v they_o dine_v stand_v and_o sup_v sit_v they_o permit_v they_o to_o sit_v at_o supper_n and_o i_o conceive_v this_o be_v but_o a_o very_a sober_a courtesy_n to_o suffer_v a_o man_n who_o be_v weary_a with_o toil_n the_o whole_a day_n to_o sit_v down_o to_o his_o supper_n at_o night_n beside_o all_o this_o the_o roman_a soldiery_n have_v reason_n to_o expect_v a_o donative_n from_o triumph_n donative_n at_o triumph_n their_o victorious_a general_n when_o they_o enter_v the_o imperial_a city_n in_o triumph_n this_o custom_n be_v very_o commendable_a for_o the_o largess_n give_v to_o they_o incite_v other_o to_o carry_v themselves_o gallant_o against_o a_o enemy_n since_o they_o see_v that_o in_o some_o measure_n they_o will_v be_v sharer_n with_o the_o chief_a commander_n both_o in_o honour_n and_o profit_n what_o be_v give_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o common_a soldier_n be_v a_o rule_n to_o the_o officer_n for_o a_o centurion_n get_v double_a a_o horseman_n triple_a and_o a_o tribune_n quadruple_a scipio_n the_o african_a at_o his_o magnificent_a entry_n into_o rome_n give_v four_o hundred_o ass_n to_o every_o soldier_n some_o say_v but_o forty_o if_o the_o first_o it_o be_v noble_a enough_o and_o no_o more_o neither_o for_o it_o will_v have_v amount_v but_o to_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a if_o the_o last_o it_o be_v contemptible_a for_o it_o signify_v but_o half_a a_o crown_n lucius_z aemilius_z who_o subvert_v the_o macedonian_a monarchy_n give_v at_o his_o triumph_n to_o every_o soldier_n one_o hundred_o sesterce_n which_o may_v be_v about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o proportionable_o to_o the_o centurion_n horseman_n and_o tribune_n but_o beside_o the_o evil_a effect_n which_o many_o of_o the_o consul_n avarice_n produce_v their_o ambition_n to_o bring_v in_o great_a sum_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o the_o treasury_n and_o their_o vanity_n to_o give_v their_o army_n donative_n at_o their_o triumph_n set_v they_o on_o to_o the_o commit_v many_o insolence_n perfidious_a unjust_a and_o disavowable_a plunder_n and_o cruelty_n which_o make_v the_o name_n of_o some_o of_o the_o brave_a of_o they_o infamous_a to_o posterity_n take_v one_o instance_n instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la of_o that_o same_o aemilius_z i_o just_a now_o speak_v of_o the_o desire_n he_o have_v to_o bring_v the_o vast_a treasure_n of_o king_n perseus_n and_o all_o he_o have_v scrape_v together_o in_o macedon_n into_o the_o roman_a treasury_n and_o withal_o to_o give_v a_o donative_n to_o his_o army_n at_o action_n a_o detestable_a action_n his_o triumph_n tempt_v he_o and_o the_o temptation_n prevail_v with_o he_o to_o plunder_v the_o whole_a town_n of_o epirus_n the_o people_n whereof_o be_v no_o enemy_n nor_o ever_o have_v wrong_v the_o roman_a state_n and_o this_o execrable_a act_n he_o do_v under_o trust_n the_o inhabitant_n imagine_v no_o such_o usage_n nor_o be_v plunder_v all_o the_o mischief_n he_o do_v they_o for_o he_o sell_v their_o person_n to_o the_o number_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o of_o both_o sex_n for_o slave_n and_o with_o the_o money_n of_o that_o sale_n he_o give_v the_o donative_n we_o speak_v of_o to_o his_o army_n a_o action_n so_o full_a of_o baseness_n inhumanity_n persidy_n and_o injustice_n that_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n say_v if_o any_o history_n speak_v but_o one_o word_n to_o the_o contrary_a no_o man_n will_v believe_v it_o can_v be_v true_a you_o may_v read_v the_o story_n of_o it_o in_o the_o last_o book_n of_o titus_n livius_n the_o half_a of_o the_o donative_n be_v ordinary_o deposit_v at_o the_o standard_n deposit_v half_n of_o donative_n deposit_v and_o ensign_n to_o be_v keep_v there_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o soldier_n till_o their_o dismission_n lest_o they_o shall_v idle_o or_o vain_o spend_v it_o this_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a and_o strong_a enough_o but_o there_o be_v another_o and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o soldier_n know_v a_o part_n of_o their_o stock_n and_o substance_n to_o be_v beside_o the_o colour_n they_o shall_v never_o desert_v they_o but_o manful_o fight_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o that_o in_o the_o preservation_n whereof_o they_o be_v so_o deep_o concern_v though_o this_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a prudent_a order_n yet_o i_o can_v consent_v to_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o it_o in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n that_o it_o be_v ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la divinitus_fw-la institutum_fw-la for_o he_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o he_o write_v of_o the_o heathen_a roman_n and_o himself_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a god_n he_o know_v likewise_o that_o the_o best_a of_o their_o ordinance_n be_v but_o of_o humane_a and_o not_o divine_a institution_n in_o that_o same_o chapter_n vegetius_n say_v that_o every_o legion_n have_v ten_o bag_n for_o the_o keep_v this_o moiety_n of_o the_o donative_n that_o be_v a_o bag_n for_o every_o cohort_n and_o a_o eleven_o bag_n there_o be_v in_o which_o every_o soldier_n cast_v something_o once_o a_o month_n and_o that_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o burial_n of_o those_o soldier_n who_o be_v able_a to_o leave_v nothing_o for_o their_o interment_n a_o very_a laudable_a custom_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v ever_o in_o all_o nation_n in_o high_a request_n dead_a burial_n of_o the_o dead_a truce_n for_o some_o day_n or_o hour_n to_o inter_v the_o slay_v be_v seldom_o or_o never_o refuse_v by_o the_o most_o imbitter_v enemy_n hannibal_n bestow_v burial_n on_o his_o enemy_n marcellus_n and_o his_o brother_n asdrubal_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o scipio_n bury_v those_o roman_a tribune_n who_o he_o have_v kill_v in_o battle_n and_o justin_n in_o his_o six_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o
shrill_a and_o continue_v without_o interruption_n it_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o victory_n but_o if_o it_o be_v dead_a cold_a and_o unequal_a often_o begin_v and_o often_o interrupt_v it_o bewray_v fear_n and_o discouragement_n and_o portend_v ruin_n and_o destruction_n it_o be_v use_v by_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o word_n baritus_n whereby_o historian_n express_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o ancient_a german_n who_o cry_n they_o say_v sound_v like_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o that_o word_n they_o cry_v no_o more_o after_o they_o come_v to_o the_o medley_n else_o it_o will_v have_v hinder_v they_o from_o hear_v the_o command_n of_o their_o officer_n either_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o the_o trumpet_n though_o the_o loud_a noise_n of_o cannon_n and_o musket_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n may_v seem_v reason_n enough_o to_o suppress_v this_o ancient_a custom_n of_o shout_v yet_o it_o neither_o aught_o to_o be_v nor_o yet_o be_v it_o banish_v out_o of_o our_o army_n the_o german_n french_a dane_n and_o swede_n in_o their_o advance_n and_o before_o they_o give_v fire_n have_v their_o ca_fw-mi ca_fw-mi o●_n and_o no_o doubt_n with_o a_o advance_n a_o stro●t_a heat_n and_o inflame_v the_o blood_n and_o help_v to_o encourage_v the_o late_a usurper_n and_o his_o army_n make_v but_o too_o good_a use_n of_o it_o these_o thing_n be_v previous_a to_o a_o battle_n first_o the_o purple_a coat_n of_o arm_n at_o the_o consul_n pavilion_n second_o the_o exhortation_n or_o harangue_n three_o the_o marshal_n the_o army_n four_o the_o word_n or_o te●●●●a_n five_o the_o classi●●●_n and_o last_o this_o shout_n or_o baritus_n of_o the_o first_o five_o that_o be_v ordinary_o practise_v caesar_n speak_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o gallic_a war_n as_o necessary_a for_o when_o he_o be_v almost_o surprise_v by_o the_o nervian_o he_o write_v thus_o caesar_n say_v he_o of_o himself_o have_v all_o thing_n to_o do_v at_o once_o the_o standard_n to_o be_v set_v up_o that_o be_v the_o scarlet_a coat_n his_o army_n to_o marshal_v his_o soldier_n to_o exhort_v to_o cause_v the_o sign_n to_o be_v give_v by_o the_o trumpet_n and_o to_o give_v the_o sign_n this_o last_o sign_n signify_v the_o tessera_fw-la otherwise_o the_o word_n have_v be_v superfluous_a of_o which_o that_o great_a man_n can_v be_v tax_v as_o to_o this_o last_o sign_n which_o be_v the_o word_n the_o ancient_n find_v that_o same_o difficulty_n with_o which_o all_o army_n be_v still_o trouble_v and_o that_o be_v that_o by_o the_o often_o require_v and_o give_v it_o the_o enemy_n come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v useless_a lips●●●_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o read_v in_o p●li●●nus_n that_o one_o a●ues_v a_o arcadian_a story_n a_o pretty_a story_n captain_n be_v to_o fall_v on_o the_o lacedæmonians_n in_o the_o night_n time_n or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o to_o beat_v up_o their_o quarter_n instead_o of_o a_o word_n he_o command_v his_o army_n to_o require_v no_o word_n at_o all_o but_o to_o use_v all_o those_o who_o seek_v a_o word_n as_o enemy_n so_o that_o the_o demand_v the_o tessora_n bewray_v the_o demander_n to_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a who_o at_o that_o time_n receive_v a_o notable_a overthrow_n the_o roman_a consul_n when_o battle_n classicum_fw-la a_o sign_n of_o battle_n he_o be_v to_o fall_v on_o cause_v the_o classicum_fw-la to_o sound_n which_o be_v second_v by_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_o by_o all_o the_o trumpet_n horn_n and_o horn-pipe_n of_o the_o army_n and_o now_o the_o battle_n begin_v concern_v which_o a_o old_a question_n be_v not_o yet_o perhaps_o decide_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o charge_n a_o question_n whether_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n roman_a dictator_n cossus_n as_o levy_n have_v it_o in_o his_o six_o book_n be_v to_o join_v battle_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n of_o the_o volscian_n command_v all_o his_o foot_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o fix_v their_o javelines_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o receive_v the_o enemy_n charge_n which_o be_v violent_a put_v they_o out_o of_o breath_n and_o then_o the_o legionary_n close_v with_o they_o and_o rout_v they_o great_a pompey_n give_v the_o like_a order_n at_o pharsalia_n but_o not_o with_o the_o like_a success_n for_o he_o be_v total_o beat_v but_o machiavelli_n with_o opinion_n machiavelli_n opinion_n his_o accustom_a confidence_n to_o give_v it_o no_o worse_o name_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o give_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n and_o award_v the_o victory_n to_o he_o who_o receive_v the_o charge_n and_o say_v also_o that_o most_o captain_n choose_v rather_o to_o receive_v than_o give_v it_o yet_o he_o instance_n only_o one_o of_o the_o fabii_n who_o by_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o sanonite_n and_o gaul_n be_v victorious_a but_o we_o must_v listen_v to_o a_o great_a captain_n than_o any_o he_o have_v name_v and_o himself_o to_o boot_v and_o that_o be_v julius_n caesar_n who_o by_o give_v the_o charge_n in_o the_o thessalian_a plain_n gain_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o blame_v pompey_n for_o follow_v the_o bad_a advice_n of_o triarius_n to_o wait_v till_o caesar_n charge_v he_o his_o word_n whereby_o he_o seem_v to_o void_a this_o difference_n you_o have_v in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v these_o in_o english_a but_o on_o the_o contrary_a say_v he_o i_o think_v this_o be_v do_v it_o caesar_n judgement_n of_o it_o by_o pompey_n without_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n mean_v his_o keep_n his_o soldier_n from_o advance_v to_o the_o charge_n because_o there_o be_v say_v he_o i_o know_v not_o what_o gallant_n vigour_n and_o natural_a inclination_n to_o courage_n bear_v in_o all_o man_n which_o captain_n ought_v rather_o to_o cherish_v stir_v up_o and_o augment_v than_o any_o way_n mollify_v or_o restrain_v thus_o far_o great_a caesar_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o a_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o advantageous_a ground_n suppose_v a_o hill_n or_o fence_v with_o marish_a river_n advantage_n to_o keep_v advantage_n or_o rock_n the_o quit_n of_o which_o may_v prove_v prejudicial_a as_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o advantage_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n do_v it_o alter_v clear_o the_o case_n and_o those_o who_o have_v do_v it_o either_o in_o ancient_n or_o modern_a war_n to_o the_o irrecoverable_a loss_n of_o their_o master_n have_v much_o mistake_v caesar_n who_o never_o practise_v it_o and_o assure_o those_o who_o do_v it_o have_v need_n of_o good_a fortune_n otherwise_o they_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v brand_v in_o true_a history_n with_o either_o perfidy_n or_o inexcusable_a folly_n and_o even_o in_o romance_n with_o too_o much_o generosity_n in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n all_o both_o commander_n and_o soldier_n do_v their_o duty_n by_o punctual_o obey_v the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n though_o to_o the_o certain_a and_o inevitable_a loss_n of_o their_o life_n if_o not_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o incur_v those_o punishment_n whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o nor_o be_v they_o oblige_v to_o obey_v the_o command_n give_v they_o before_o the_o battle_n only_o but_o all_o those_o order_n and_o sign_n that_o be_v give_v they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n these_o vegetius_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n call_v sign_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o three_o battle_n sign_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n sort_n vocal_a semi-vocal_a and_o dumb._n the_o vocal_a be_v the_o verbal_a command_n of_o the_o officer_n especial_o the_o consul_n and_o tribune_n the_o semi-vocal_a be_v the_o several_a sound_n of_o classicum_n trumpet_n and_o horn_n as_o march_z charge_v retire_v the_o dumb_a sign_n be_v the_o ensign_n standard_n and_o eagle_n as_o also_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o colour_n or_o a_o lance_n or_o the_o shake_n of_o a_o spear_n by_o a_o consul_n or_o general_n but_o these_o be_v agree_v on_o before_o the_o fight_n begin_v and_o be_v either_o give_v to_o the_o whole_a army_n or_o but_o to_o a_o part_n of_o it_o as_o when_o you_o see_v such_o a_o thing_n do_v than_o you_o be_v to_o do_v so_o and_o so_o these_o dumb_a sign_n will_v not_o do_v much_o good_a in_o our_o battle_n where_o the_o smoke_n of_o powder_n will_v render_v many_o of_o they_o imperceptible_a and_o now_o the_o battle_n be_v end_v and_o the_o roman_n be_v either_o victorious_a or_o have_v lose_v the_o day_n if_o the_o first_o they_o be_v to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n to_o his_o camp_n victory_n to_o pursue_v a_o victory_n or_o clear_o out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o to_o follow_v he_o
a_o sight_n by_o proclamation_n give_v they_o three_o day_n to_o live_v before_o their_o death_n shall_v be_v resolve_v on_o by_o he_o but_o in_o vain_a for_o a_o of_o they_o dispatch_v themselves_o except_o such_o as_o be_v by_o force_n bond_n and_o chain_n compel_v to_o live_v you_o may_v read_v their_o lamentable_a tragedy_n in_o poly●●●_n his_o sixteenth_o book_n and_o in_o the_o thirty_o first_o of_o titus_n livius_n nor_o do_v the_o roman_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n give_v better_o quarter_v one_o to_o another_o war_n romans_z cruel_a to_o prisoner_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n except_o c●sar_n than_o they_o do_v to_o stranger_n p●●●●ius_n kill_v those_o soldier_n of_o c●sar's_n who_o he_o find_v in_o his_o camp_n though_o c●sar_n spare_v those_o of_o pe●●ei●s_n and_o send_v they_o back_o to_o he_o scipl●_n pompey_n father-in-law_n put_v a●_n those_o of_o c●sar's_n party_n to_o death_n who_o he_o take_v prisoner_n sy●●●_n after_o all_o his_o victory_n very_o cruel_o put_v eight_o thousand_o roman_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o great_a hostelery_n near_o the_o city_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o his_o mercy_n nor_o do_v a●gustus_n keep_v himself_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o mercy_n when_o he_o think_v it_o fit_a at_o one_o time_n to_o sacrifice_v three_o hundred_o roman_a knight_n to_o appease_v the_o incense_a ghost_n of_o his_o great_a uncle_n julius_n c●sar_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v these_o have_v that_o pretence_n which_o all_o civil_a war_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o and_o that_o be_v that_o all_o who_o oppose_v either_o of_o the_o two_o party_n be_v rebel_n to_o the_o state_n whether_o the_o party_n be_v for_o the_o lawful_a and_o supreme_a authority_n or_o against_o it_o and_o therefore_o to_o say_v no_o more_o of_o their_o civil_a war_n i_o find_v they_o extreme_a cruel_a in_o their_o war_n with_o hannibal_n to_o their_o own_o soldier_n which_o that_o great_a carthaginian_a have_v take_v prisoner_n fabi●s_v the_o dictator_n who_o save_v the_o roman_a state_n make_v a_o agreement_n with_o hannibal_n for_o the_o exchange_n and_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n of_o a_o like_a quality_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o those_o who_o after_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v supernumerary_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v ●ea●_n eight_o pound_n sterling_n at_o one_o exchange_n there_o be_v two_o hundred_o ●orty_fw-la seven_o more_o roman_n than_o carthaginian_n hannibal_n demand_v their_o ransom_n fabius_n send_v to_o avarice_n roman●enates_n ●enates_z avarice_n the_o senate_n for_o it_o who_o base_o refuse_v the_o money_n and_o disow_v the_o agreement_n what_o can_v the_o good_a old_a man_n fabius_n do_v but_o send_v his_o son_n to_o rome_n and_o sell_v a_o part_n of_o his_o patrimony_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o hannibal_n which_o be_v near_o two_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n a_o vast_a sum_n in_o those_o day_n but_o they_o deal_v worse_o with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o man_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o cannae_n who_o they_o injustice_n it_o be_v cruelty_n and_o injustice_n will_v neither_o ransom_n out_o of_o the_o public_a p●rse_n nor_o suffer_v the_o prisoner_n themselves_o or_o their_o friend_n to_o ransom_n out_o of_o their_o private_a fortune_n and_o estate_n and_o though_o the_o senate_n flatter_v themselves_o by_o call_v this_o act_n of_o their_o own_o magnanimous_a yet_o since_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n in_o it_o it_o can_v carry_v no_o generosity_n along_o with_o it_o for_o if_o these_o captive_n roman_n misbehave_a themselves_o in_o the_o battle_n the_o senate_n be_v bou●d_v in_o honour_n to_o ransom_n they_o and_o punish_v they_o themselves_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rot_v in_o prison_n with_o their_o capital_a enemy_n assure_o this_o action_n want_v for_o neither_o avarice_n nor_o cruelty_n for_o strange_a it_o be_v thus_o to_o punish_v common_a soldier_n and_o yet_o to_o send_v out_o some_o principal_a senator_n to_o meet_v and_o compliment_v their_o hare-brained_a conful_n teremi●●_n va●●_n and_o thank_v he_o that_o he_o have_v not_o despair_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o yet_o by_o his_o obstinate_a and_o inexcusable_a folly_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o destruction_n and_o why_o may_v not_o hannibal_n have_v use_v these_o roman_a prisoner_n as_o livy_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n tell_v we_o the_o roman_n use_v some_o thousand_o of_o the_o tarquinian_a prisoner_n unjust_a a_o merciless_a act_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o not_o unjust_a of_o who_o they_o choose_v 358_o of_o the_o prime_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n all_o these_o they_o first_o whip_v well_o with_o rod_n and_o then_o strike_v off_o their_o head_n in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n of_o rome_n and_o present_o after_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prisoner_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o cold_a blood_n though_o this_o be_v a_o very_a merciless_a act_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v it_o and_o so_o may_v hannibal_n have_v do_v to_o their_o prisoner_n and_o true_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o can_v be_v oblige_v to_o ●eed_v those_o who_o their_o own_o master_n will_v not_o ransom_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o opinion_n polyb●●s_n have_v of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n who_o be_v a_o grave_a use_v polybius_n his_o opinion_n how_o prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v historian_n a_o great_a statesman_n and_o a_o good_a captain_n in_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o aristomachu●_n who_o be_v a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v torture_v to_o death_n he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n that_o neither_o antigon●●_n king_n of_o macedon_n nor_o aratus_n praetor_n of_o the_o ach●ans_n can_v be_v call_v cruel_a for_o put_v a_o captive_n to_o death_n with_o torment_n for_o though_o aristomachus_n have_v not_o deserve_v that_o usage_n otherwise_o yet_o they_o may_v have_v do_v all_o to_o he_o that_o be_v don●_n ●ure_n belli_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o war_n give_v the_o conqueror_n power_n to_o use_v his_o prisoner_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o mantimans_fw-la who_o be_v just_o punish_v for_o their_o abominable_a perfidy_n and_o ingratitude_n in_o slaughter_v those_o achaans_n who_o be_v send_v to_o preserve_v they_o he_o say_v express_o that_o though_o they_o have_v commit_v no_o such_o wickedness_n nor_o any_o other_o crime_n at_o all_o yet_o the_o victor_n in_o war_n jure_fw-la belli_n may_v have_v either_o kill_v they_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n or_o sell_v they_o for_o slave_n at_o his_o pleasure_n thus_o far_o he_o but_o this_o power_n of_o victorious_a prince_n or_o general_n over_o the_o good_n person_n and_o live_v of_o their_o prisoner_n be_v limit_v and_o restrain_v by_o treaty_n parley_n treaty_n treaty_n capitulation_n and_o article_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n whereof_o simple_o and_o without_o fraud_n or_o ambiguity_n all_o man_n of_o what_o station_n rank_n or_o quality_n whatsoever_o or_o of_o what_o religion_n or_o persuasion_n soever_o be_v he_o jew_n or_o g●mile_n gr●cian_n or_o barbarian_a christian_a or_o mahometan_a be_v tie_v because_o faith_n and_o promise_n treaty_n article_n and_o promise_n shall_v be_v faithful_o kep●_n no_o enemy_n to_o be_v trust_v in_o time_n of_o treaty_n be_v the_o sacred_a and_o indissoluble_a bond_n which_o maintain_v humane_a society_n and_o whosoever_o break_v they_o on_o any_o pretence_n shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o monster_n and_o not_o as_o a_o man._n in_o the_o time_n of_o treaty_n both_o party_n who_o treat_v aught_o to_o be_v careful_a that_o a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n be_v agree_v on_o and_o sign_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o both_o force_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o field_n town_n castle_n or_o garrison_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v on_o their_o guard_n for_o fear_v of_o ●oul_a play_n or_o some_o unexpected_a rapture_n of_o the_o treaty_n for_o both_o in_o ancient_n and_o modern_a time_n city_n and_o fort_n have_v be_v surprise_v when_o those_o within_o thought_n themselves_o secure_a by_o a_o treaty_n and_o cessation_n as_o history_n of_o all_o age_n bear_v witness_n and_o many_o time_n these_o surprise_v have_v be_v make_v without_o either_o the_o consent_n or_o connivance_n of_o either_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a or_o his_o subordinate_a officer_n mere_o by_o the_o common_a soldier_n who_o frequent_o think_v themselves_o defraud_v by_o treaty_n of_o that_o which_o they_o conceive_v be_v the_o price_n of_o their_o sweat_n and_o blood_n to_o wit_n the_o spoil_n and_o booty_n of_o the_o place_n besiege_v or_o of_o the_o person_n of_o those_o almost_o beat_v and_o overcome_v in_o the_o field_n nor_o shall_v any_o treaty_n give_v the_o least_o interruption_n to_o the_o constant_a keep_n of_o strict_a guard_n and_o careful_a watch_n nor_o shall_v those_o who_o treat_v have_v liberty_n to_o view_v guard_n camp_n magazine_n
commission_n when_o this_o book_n be_v write_v for_o the_o author_n give_v he_o not_o that_o title_n in_o his_o epistle_n dedicatory_a this_o author_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o condemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n before_o the_o invention_n of_o fire_n gun_n but_o only_o since_o and_o magisterial_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o all_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o in_o late_a time_n have_v compose_v the_o body_n of_o their_o infantry_n of_o pikeman_n i_o shall_v relate_v to_o you_o the_o strong_a of_o his_o argugument_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o order_n whereby_o he_o endeavour_v to_o get_v proselyte_n to_o this_o new_a fancy_n and_o shall_v give_v such_o answer_n to_o they_o as_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v pertinent_a but_o shall_v not_o flatter_v myself_o with_o a_o opinion_n that_o they_o will_v be_v satisfactory_a to_o all_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o say_v officer_n choose_v the_o tall_a and_o able_a man_n to_o carry_v argument_n his_o first_o argument_n pike_n because_o they_o must_v be_v strong_a to_o carry_v both_o they_o and_o their_o defensive_a arm_n and_o this_o say_v he_o be_v a_o loss_n to_o the_o army_n to_o give_v useless_a arm_n to_o man_n who_o can_v use_v the_o musket_n with_o more_o advantage_n for_o pikeman_n say_v he_o can_v only_o receive_v the_o messenger_n of_o death_n bullet_n he_o mean_v but_o musquetier_n can_v send_v they_o first_o i_o answer_v he_o beg_v the_o question_n he_o declare_v the_o pike_n useless_a and_o that_o answer_v answer_v be_v the_o thing_n he_o undertake_v to_o prove_v second_o i_o have_v already_o complain_v that_o officer_n choose_v not_o so_o oft_o as_o they_o shall_v the_o able_a man_n for_o pike_n and_o so_o they_o be_v very_o ill_o use_v by_o mr._n lupton_n and_o i_o for_o he_o complain_v of_o they_o for_o do_v it_o and_o i_o complain_v of_o they_o for_o omit_v it_o three_o whereas_o he_o say_v pikeman_n can_v only_o receive_v but_o not_o send_v the_o messenger_n of_o death_n it_o seem_v he_o think_v when_o pikeman_n fight_v they_o be_v to_o stand_v fix_v in_o one_o place_n but_o he_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o in_o time_n of_o action_n they_o be_v no_o more_o oblige_v to_o stand_v still_o than_o musquetier_n who_o be_v ever_o in_o action_n and_o motion_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o in_o battle_n a_o body_n of_o musquetier_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n he_o will_v grant_v i_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o advance_v now_o he_o say_v a_o musket_n kill_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o hundred_o yard_n so_o do_v not_o the_o pike_n let_v it_o be_v so_o what_o then_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o more_o that_o in_o the_o advance_v many_o pikeman_n fall_v and_o no_o musquetier_n yet_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v grant_v i_o that_o these_o four_o hundred_o yard_n if_o so_o many_o may_v be_v soon_o trace_v by_o man_n who_o make_v haste_n to_o come_v to_o the_o charge_n and_o even_o before_o ten_o rank_n can_v orderly_o and_o successive_o one_o after_o another_o give_v fire_n and_o after_o that_o i_o aver_v if_o the_o musquetier_n stand_v to_o endure_v the_o push_n of_o the_o pike_n they_o be_v inevitable_o ruin_v and_o if_o they_o fly_v than_o the_o pikeman_n have_v the_o victory_n i_o still_o suppose_v that_o which_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o that_o be_v that_o the_o pikeman_n and_o musquetier_n be_v of_o equal_a courage_n now_o in_o a_o close_a encounter_n what_o can_v a_o musket_n do_v against_o a_o pike_n or_o a_o naked_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n against_o one_o in_o armour_n if_o then_o the_o pikeman_n fly_v before_o they_o come_v up_o to_o the_o musquetier_n they_o be_v coward_n and_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o their_o courage_n not_o their_o weapon_n if_o they_o lose_v the_o field_n and_o if_o the_o musquetier_n stay_v till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o they_o they_o will_v find_v that_o point_n of_o pike_n bring_v as_o inexorable_a messenger_n of_o death_n as_o bullet_n do_v second_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o nothing_o more_o dishearten_v soldier_n than_o the_o certain_a argument_n second_o argument_n knowledge_n of_o disproportionable_a and_o unequal_a arm_n this_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a but_o from_o hence_o he_o and_o i_o draw_v two_o very_a different_a inference_n i_o be_v that_o musquetier_n will_v be_v sore_o afraid_a to_o buckle_v with_o arm_a pikeman_n if_o the_o pikeman_n have_v the_o courage_n to_o stand_v out_o a_o volley_n or_o two_o and_o it_o be_v like_o the_o musquetier_n will_v be_v afraid_a that_o the_o pikeman_n will_v stand_v it_o out_o but_o he_o make_v another_o inference_n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o pikeman_n will_v be_v afraid_a because_o they_o know_v their_o pike_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n and_o can_v do_v no_o execution_n certain_o he_o tell_v i_o news_n for_o i_o think_v the_o grecian_a german_n and_o switz_n answer_v answer_v batallion_n of_o pike_n have_v very_o frequent_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o they_o and_o so_o have_v do_v execution_n and_o be_v not_o this_o again_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n i_o assure_v he_o i_o will_v not_o take_v his_o word_n for_o it_o but_o if_o he_o mean_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o the_o rout_n the_o pikeman_n be_v heau_o arm_v can_v follow_v the_o execution_n i_o shall_v ready_o grant_v it_o to_o he_o and_o vegetius_n will_v tell_v he_o that_o the_o heavy_a arm_a be_v like_o a_o iron_n wall_n which_o can_v neither_o run_v away_o from_o a_o victorious_a enemy_n nor_o pursue_v a_o fly_a one_o for_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o horse_n and_o light_v arm_v foot_n but_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n by_o a_o instance_n which_o i_o pray_v you_o hear_v and_o observe_v there_o happen_v a_o tumult_n between_o the_o english_a and_o swisser_n in_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o leaguer_n when_o he_o lie_v before_o schencksconce_v the_o swisser_n go_v to_o arm_n and_o be_v in_o battle_n present_v their_o pike_n here_o our_o author_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o say_v that_o two_o english_a man_n with_o sword_n only_o enter_v among_o the_o swisser_n pike_n and_o cut_v off_o say_v he_o several_a of_o their_o head_n of_o the_o pike_n i_o hope_v not_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o bring_v they_o away_o with_o they_o the_o two_o english_a unhurt_a if_o this_o be_v all_o true_a what_o will_v it_o evince_v but_o the_o great_a modesty_n and_o patience_n of_o the_o swisser_n and_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o both_o nation_n in_o appease_v the_o tumult_n for_o our_o author_n be_v mad_a if_o he_o think_v that_o any_o rational_a creature_n will_v be_v persuade_v by_o he_o to_o believe_v that_o two_o man_n with_o sword_n can_v affront_v a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o go_v away_o so_o easy_o if_o the_o other_o have_v be_v please_v to_o resent_v it_o three_o he_o say_v only_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v the_o rest_n be_v useless_a argument_n three_o argument_n then_o he_o add_v that_o what_o with_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o alarm_n the_o confusion_n of_o rank_n by_o the_o death_n of_o some_o of_o their_o number_n the_o time_n of_o night_n when_o the_o enemy_n may_v fall_v on_o the_o hazard_n of_o wound_v their_o own_o commander_n and_o comrade_n it_o appear_v sufficient_o that_o the_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o feat_n i_o must_v take_v this_o argument_n in_o piece_n and_o answer_v it_o so_o and_o first_o i_o say_v if_o only_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v than_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v and_o this_o contradict_v his_o second_o argument_n next_o his_o assertion_n can_v be_v true_a if_o what_o i_o have_v say_v at_o length_n in_o another_o answer_v answer_v place_n be_v true_a that_o six_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v or_o as_o he_o call_v it_o execution_n his_o argument_n if_o true_a will_v be_v strong_a against_o the_o grecian_a embattel_v sixteen_o deep_a and_o against_o his_o master_n too_o for_o i_o find_v by_o his_o book_n he_o have_v have_v his_o breed_n in_o holland_n and_o denmark_n where_o in_o his_o time_n the_o foot_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a as_o to_o what_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o terror_n of_o a_o alarm_n i_o ask_v if_o that_o must_v frighten_v a_o pikeman_n more_o than_o either_o a_o horseman_n or_o a_o musqueteer_n i_o think_v less_o because_o he_o be_v better_a arm_v but_o he_o speak_v still_o of_o pikeman_n as_o of_o coward_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o can_v imagine_v for_o his_o confusion_n of_o rank_n occasion_v by_o those_o who_o fall_v dead_a he_o know_v those_o behind_o they_o shall_v fill_v up_o their_o place_n and_o this_o musqueteer_n be_v bind_v to_o
●fficere_fw-la nequeat_fw-la war_n say_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o artifices_fw-la nay_o it_o be_v so_o horrible_a a_o thing_n that_o nothing_o can_v make_v it_o honest_a but_o extreme_a necessity_n or_o true_a charity_n well_o i_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o take_v what_o he_o grant_v and_o that_o be_v that_o war_n sometime_o be_v honest_a and_o if_o so_o i_o think_v he_o must_v grant_v that_o those_o who_o manage_v that_o honest_a war_n and_o those_o be_v soldier_n may_v be_v sometime_o honest_a and_o therefore_o not_o more_o detestable_a than_o hangman_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v any_o sober_a man_n endue_v with_o any_o reasonable_a proportion_n of_o solid_a judgement_n though_o he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o the_o name_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o will_v ready_o grant_v that_o war_n be_v the_o great_a scourge_n of_o mankind_n shall_v not_o be_v begin_v till_o either_o our_o own_o extreme_a necessity_n or_o the_o love_n and_o charity_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o neighbour_n force_v we_o to_o it_o and_o herein_o do_v all_o the_o moral_a philosopher_n and_o the_o wise_a ruler_n of_o the_o ancient_a heathen_n full_o agree_v with_o christian_a doctor_n but_o how_o shall_v that_o war_n which_o either_o extreme_a necessity_n on_o our_o own_o part_n or_o charity_n on_o our_o neighbour_n make_v lawful_a be_v manage_v but_o by_o soldier_n and_o how_o can_v soldier_n obtain_v the_o victory_n but_o by_o kill_v sometime_o their_o enemy_n and_o with_o what_o credit_n nay_o with_o what_o conscience_n or_o with_o what_o comfort_n can_v soldier_n kill_v their_o enemy_n if_o the_o very_o kill_v they_o render_v soldier_n more_o detestable_a than_o hangman_n if_o grotius_n have_v say_v that_o those_o soldier_n who_o kill_v impotent_a old_a man_n woman_n and_o child_n or_o prisoner_n in_o cold_a blood_n as_o too_o many_o do_v be_v more_o detestable_a than_o hangman_n i_o shall_v never_o have_v debate_v the_o matter_n with_o he_o no_o more_o than_o with_o reason_n he_o can_v contradict_v i_o if_o i_o say_v that_o those_o advocate_n and_o grotius_n be_v a_o advocate_n who_o betray_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o client_n who_o take_v money_n and_o wage_n from_o both_o party_n i_o add_v also_o those_o who_o undertake_v the_o patrociny_n of_o a_o cause_n which_o themselves_o know_v to_o be_v unjust_a and_o illegal_a be_v more_o detestable_a than_o the_o worst_a of_o those_o who_o hang_v man_n on_o a_o gallow_n but_o what_o this_o great_a and_o learned_a man_n mean_n when_o he_o write_v non_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la unintelligible_a grotius_n unintelligible_a artificia_fw-la bellum_fw-la i_o do_v not_o very_o well_o know_v if_o he_o mean_v there_o be_v not_o artifices_fw-la in_o war_n he_o make_v a_o fool_n of_o himself_o for_o what_o shall_v then_o become_v of_o all_o those_o laudable_a and_o lawful_a stratagem_n that_o be_v use_v in_o war_n which_o he_o himself_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la both_o mention_n and_o commend_n if_o he_o mean_v war_n be_v not_o a_o art_n he_o speak_v palpable_o against_o sense_n reason_n and_o experience_n for_o the_o management_n of_o war_n be_v a_o art_n and_o as_o a_o most_o noble_a so_o a_o most_o necessary_a art_n machiavelli_n recorder_n of_o florence_n write_v seven_o book_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n and_o yet_o in_o one_o of_o they_o deny_v war_n to_o be_v a_o art_n all_o tactic_n write_v of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n the_o way_n to_o handle_v arm_n sword_n dagger_n cannon_n musket_n pistol_n pike_n partisan_n or_o halberd_n or_o in_o more_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o monk_n find_v out_o gunpowder_n the_o way_n to_o handle_v the_o roman_a pila_fw-la javelines_n dart_n arrow_n bow_n sling_n stone_n and_o other_o missiles_n do_v all_o prove_v there_o be_v art_n in_o war._n the_o order_v soldier_n in_o file_n rank_n troop_n company_n squadron_n batallion_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n the_o marshal_n and_o conduct_n of_o army_n fight_v of_o battle_n besiege_v and_o attacking_z town_n castle_n and_o defend_v they_o do_v all_o bear_v witness_n that_o war_n be_v a_o art_n and_o more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a one_o it_o can_v therefore_o be_v that_o so_o wise_a a_o man_n as_o grotius_n can_v think_v that_o war_n be_v not_o a_o art_n but_o positive_o to_o tell_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o those_o word_n be_v not_o in_o my_o power_n and_o if_o other_o can_v tell_v no_o better_o than_o i_o we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o want_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o they_o till_o grotius_n rise_v from_o the_o dead_a in_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n and_o then_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v time_n to_o inquire_v after_o such_o folly_n nicholas_n machiavelli_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n if_o i_o remember_v answer_v machiavelli_n answer_v right_a be_v yet_o more_o severe_a to_o profess_a soldier_n than_o hugo_n grotius_n for_o he_o say_v that_o no_o prince_n or_o state_n shall_v suffer_v those_o who_o profess_v to_o live_v by_o the_o art_n of_o war_n to_o dwell_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n or_o in_o their_o dominion_n this_o be_v bad_a enough_o but_o worse_a follow_v for_o he_o add_v that_o no_o virtuous_a nor_o good_a man_n will_v profess_v soldiery_n to_o be_v their_o livelihood_n or_o use_v war_n as_o a_o art_n or_o trade_n and_o those_o who_o do_v it_o say_v he_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v false_a fraudulent_a treacherous_a and_o violent_a i_o have_v answer_v his_o ravery_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o my_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n here_o i_o shall_v only_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o disgrace_n for_o the_o art_n of_o soldiery_n to_o be_v commend_v by_o one_o who_o political_a rule_n introduce_v atheism_n tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n and_o who_o set_v up_o caesar_n borgia_n the_o bastard_n of_o pope_n alexander_n the_o six_o to_o be_v a_o pattern_n for_o prince_n than_o who_o the_o sun_n never_o look_v on_o a_o person_n more_o abandon_v to_o the_o contempt_n of_o a_o deity_n guilty_a of_o inhumanity_n treachery_n lechery_n and_o barbarous_a cruelty_n let_v either_o christian_a or_o all_o moral_o honest_a man_n judge_v whether_o this_o author_n this_o atheist_n this_o machiavelli_n shall_v have_v be_v permit_v to_o have_v live_v within_o the_o territory_n of_o either_o christian_a prince_n or_o state_n those_o who_o condemn_v the_o profession_n or_o art_n of_o soldiery_n smell_v rank_n of_o anabaptism_n and_o quakery_n both_o which_o sect_n condemn_v all_o war_n as_o unlawful_a for_o i_o conceive_v those_o who_o grant_v war_n to_o be_v sometime_o both_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a must_v of_o necessity_n grant_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o some_o to_o study_v the_o art_n how_o to_o manage_v that_o war_n with_o the_o great_a advantage_n those_o who_o be_v fit_a to_o study_v it_o be_v those_o who_o have_v no_o other_o trade_n or_o livelihood_n for_o that_o be_v the_o mean_a to_o make_v they_o study_v it_o the_o more_o accurate_o and_o when_o they_o have_v attain_v to_o some_o perfection_n in_o it_o why_o they_o may_v not_o make_v a_o profession_n of_o it_o and_o teach_v it_o to_o other_o for_o wage_n i_o know_v not_o do_v not_o all_o professor_n of_o divinity_n medicine_n philosophy_n teach_v other_o their_o art_n and_o science_n for_o wage_n yes_o assure_o and_o why_o shall_v it_o be_v deny_v to_o a_o profess_a soldier_n to_o teach_v his_o art_n to_o other_o for_o wage_n musamihi_fw-la causas_fw-la memora_fw-la what_o i_o speak_v of_o teach_v other_o i_o mean_v of_o all_o military_a officer_n who_o by_o their_o command_n and_o charge_n be_v oblige_v to_o teach_v their_o art_n to_o those_o under_o their_o command_n and_o since_o soldiery_n be_v a_o practical_a art_n soldier_n of_o all_o kind_n may_v serve_v in_o the_o war_n provide_v the_o cause_n seem_v just_a to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o surgeon_n may_v cure_v man_n for_o wage_n that_o be_v hurt_v or_o wound_v in_o the_o war_n history_n tell_v we_o and_o our_o experience_n and_o sense_n teach_v we_o that_o peace_n and_o war_n be_v alternative_a and_o there_o be_v but_o few_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n that_o have_v not_o feel_v the_o smart_n of_o war_n as_o long_o as_o they_o have_v enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o peace_n may_v not_o i_o then_o conclude_v that_o the_o art_n of_o soldiery_n and_o the_o profession_n of_o it_o for_o wage_n be_v as_o lawful_a and_o as_o necessary_a too_o as_o the_o profession_n of_o any_o of_o those_o art_n or_o science_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v convenient_o teach_v or_o learn_v but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o avouch_v that_o st._n paul_n opinion_n concern_v this_o question_n authority_n st._n paul_n authority_n be_v the_o same_o with_o i_o and_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o great_a apostle_n authority_n will_v weigh_v more_o with_o
the_o design_n of_o france_n 1_o s._n mystery_n of_o jesuitism_n three_o and_o four_o part_n doctor_n sanway_n unreasonableness_n of_o the_o romanist_n record_v of_o urine_n doctor_n ashton_n case_n of_o scandal_n and_o persecution_n cole_n latin_a and_o english_a dictionary_n the_o trial_n of_o the_o regicide_n in_o 1660._o certain_a genuine_a remain_n of_o the_o lord_n bacon_n in_o argument_n civil_a moral_a natural_a etc._n etc._n with_o a_o large_a account_n of_o all_o his_o work_n by_o dr._n tho._n tennison_n dr._n puller_n discourse_n of_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n dr._n saywel_n original_a of_o all_o the_o plot_n in_o christendom_n sir_n john_n munsons_n discourse_n of_o supreme_a power_n and_o common_a right_o dr._n henry_n bagshaw_n discourse_n on_o select_a text_n mr._n seller_n remark_n relate_v to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o three_o first_o century_n the_o countryman_n physician_n for_o the_o use_n of_o such_o as_o live_v far_o from_o city_n or_o market-town_n dr._n burnet_n account_n of_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o rochester_n vindic._n of_o the_o ordination_n of_o the_o church_n of_o engl._n history_n of_o the_o right_n of_o prince_n in_o the_o dispose_v of_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n and_o church-land_n life_n of_o god_n in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n markam_n perfect_a horseman_n dr._n sherlock_n practical_a disc_n of_o religious_a assembly_n defence_n of_o dr._n stillingfleet_n unreasonableness_n of_o separation_n a_o vindication_n of_o the_o defence_n of_o dr._n stillingfleet_n in_o answer_n to_o mr._n baxter_n and_o mr._n job_n about_o catholic_n communion_n the_o history_n of_o the_o house_n of_o estée_n the_o family_n of_o the_o duchess_n of_o york_n octavo_n sir_n rob_n filmer_n patriarcha_fw-la or_o natural_a power_n of_o king_n mr._n john_n cave_n gospel_n to_o the_o roman_n dr._n outram_n 20._o serm._n preach_v on_o several_a occasion_n dr._n salmon_n new_a london_n dispensatory_a lawrence_n interest_n of_o ireland_n in_o its_o trade_n &_o wealth_n state_v dvodecimo_fw-la hodder_n arithmetic_n grotius_n de_fw-fr veritate_fw-la religionis_fw-la christianae_n bishop_n hacket_n christian_a consolation_n the_o mother_n blessing_n a_o help_n to_o discourse_n new-englands_n psalm_n a_o apology_n for_o a_o treatise_n of_o human_a reason_n write_v by_o m._n clifford_n esq_n the_o queen-like_a closet_n both_o part_n vicesimo_fw-la qvarto_fw-la valentine_n devotion_n guide_v to_o heaven_n pharmacopoeiae_n collegli_n londinensis_fw-la reformata_fw-la book_n late_o print_v for_o richard_n chiswell_n a_o historical_a relation_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n in_o the_o east_n indies_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o detain_v in_o captivity_n the_o author_n and_o divers_a other_o englishman_n now_o live_v there_o and_o of_o the_o author_n be_v miraculous_a escape_n illustrate_v with_o fifteen_o copper_n figure_n and_o a_o exact_a map_n of_o the_o island_n by_o capt._n robert_n knox_n a_o captive_a there_o near_o 20_o year_n fol._n mr._n camfield_n two_o discourse_n of_o episcopal_a confirmation_n octavo_fw-la bishop_n wilkin_n fifteen_o sermon_n never_o before_o extant_a mr._n john_n cave_n two_o sermon_n of_o the_o duty_n and_o benefit_n of_o submission_n to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n in_o affliction_n quar._n dr._n crawford_n serious_a expostulation_n with_o the_o whig_n in_o scotland_n quarto_n a_o letter_n give_v a_o relation_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o pope_n brief_a to_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o their_o protestation_n publish_a by_o dr._n burnet_n alphonsus_n borellus_n de_fw-fr motu_fw-la animalium_fw-la in_o 2_o vol._n quarto_fw-la dr._n salmon_n doron_n medicum_fw-la or_o supplement_n to_o his_o new_a london_n dispensatory_a octavo_fw-la sir_n james_n turner_n pallas_n armata_n or_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_n grecian_a roman_a and_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n fol._n mr._n tanner_n primordia_fw-la or_o the_o rise_n and_o growth_n of_o the_o first_o church_n of_o god_n describe_v octavo_n a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o last_o assembly_n general_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o france_n to_o the_o protestant_n invite_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o communion_n together_o with_o the_o method_n propose_v by_o they_o for_o their_o conviction_n translate_v into_o english_a and_o examine_v by_o dr._n gilb._n burnet_n octavo_n dr._n cave_n dissertation_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n by_o bishop_n metropolitan_o and_o patriarch_n more_o particular_o concern_v the_o ancient_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o encroachment_n of_o that_o upon_o other_o see_v especial_o constantinople_n octavo_n his_o history_n of_o the_o life_n act_n death_n and_o write_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a father_n of_o the_o church_n that_o flourish_v in_o the_o four_o century_n be_v a_o second_o volumn_n wherein_o among_o other_o thing_n be_v a_o account_n of_o arianism_n and_o all_o other_o sect_n of_o that_o age._n with_o a_o introduction_n contain_v a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o paganism_n under_o the_o first_o christian_n emperor_n folio_n book_n in_o the_o press_n doctor_n john_n lightfoot'_v work_n in_o english_a fol._n mr._n selden_n janus_n anglorum_fw-la english_v with_o note_n to_o which_o be_v add_v his_o epinomis_n concern_v the_o ancient_a government_n and_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n never_o before_o extant_a also_o two_o other_o treatise_n write_v by_o the_o same_o author_n one_o of_o the_o original_a of_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n of_o testament_n the_o other_o of_o the_o disposition_n or_o administration_n of_o intestates_fw-la good_n now_o the_o first_o time_n publish_v fol._n mezeray_n history_n of_o france_n render_v into_o engl._n fol._n gul._n ten-rhyne_n med._n doct._n dissertat_fw-la de_fw-fr arthritide_fw-la mantyssa_n schematica_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr acupunctura_fw-la item_n orationes_fw-la tres_fw-fr de_fw-fr chemiae_n ac_fw-la botaniae_fw-la antiquitate_fw-la &_o dignitate_fw-la de_fw-fr physiognomia_fw-la &_o de_fw-la monstris_fw-la cum_fw-la figuris_fw-la &_o authoris_fw-la notis_fw-la illustratae_fw-la octavo_fw-la d._n spenceri_fw-la dissertationes_fw-la de_fw-la ratione_fw-la rituum_fw-la judaicorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n fol._n finis_fw-la
cover_v make_v of_o white_a iron_n like_o extinguisher_n purposely_o for_o that_o end_n but_o that_o some_o of_o they_o will_v be_v see_v by_o a_o vigilant_a enemy_n and_o thereby_o many_o secret_a erterprise_n be_v lose_v it_o be_v therefore_o good_a that_o for_o the_o half_a of_o the_o musket_n if_o not_o for_o they_o all_o flint-lock_n be_v make_v and_o keep_v careful_o by_o the_o captain_n of_o arm_n of_o each_o company_n that_o upon_o any_o such_o occasion_n or_o party_n the_o half_a or_o more_o of_o the_o other_o lock_n may_v be_v immediate_o take_v off_o and_o the_o flint-ones_a clap_v on_o by_o the_o gunsmith_n of_o the_o company_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v no_o danger_n of_o see_v burn_a match_n the_o sight_n whereof_o have_v ruin_v many_o good_a design_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o instance_n for_o all_o not_o long_o after_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o musket_n some_o spaniard_n be_v almost_o starve_v to_o death_n in_o instance_a instance_a coron_n by_o a_o blockade_n of_o the_o turk_n they_o hazard_v desperate_o and_o sally_v out_o and_o though_o they_o have_v some_o mile_n to_o march_v yet_o they_o do_v it_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o all_o imaginable_a industry_n and_o silence_n and_o have_v assure_o take_v the_o infidel_n ●●pping_v if_o their_o burn_a match_n have_v not_o bewray_v their_o approach_n and_o this_o only_o mar_v the_o achievement_n of_o a_o noble_a exploit_n it_o be_v true_a they_o make_v a_o handsome_a retreat_n but_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o with_o the_o death_n of_o their_o chief_a commander_n one_o machichao_n a_o noble_a and_o stout_a gentleman_n i_o shall_v have_v tell_v you_o that_o all_o the_o musket_n of_o one_o army_n yea_o under_o one_o prince_n or_o state_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o calibre_n or_o bear_v there_o be_v beside_o these_o i_o have_v mention_v other_o weapon_n for_o the_o foot_n such_o foot_n other_o weapon_n for_o foot_n as_o long_a rapier_n and_o touk_n shable_n two_o hand_a sword_n hangman_n sword_n javelin_n morning_n star_n but_o most_o of_o these_o be_v rather_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o town_n fort_n trench_n batteries_n and_o approach_n than_o for_o the_o field_n and_o as_o our_o light_a arm_a foot_n be_v now_o for_o most_o part_n arm_v with_o sword_n and_o musket_n so_o our_o heavy_a arm_v offensive_o be_v with_o sword_n and_o pike_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o of_o the_o musket_n so_o i_o tell_v you_o of_o the_o pike_n the_o long_a it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v manageable_a the_o more_o advantage_n it_o have_v in_o our_o modern_a war_n it_o be_v order_v by_o most_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o be_v eighteen_o foot_n long_o yet_o few_o exceed_v fifteen_o and_o if_o officer_n be_v not_o careful_a to_o prevent_v it_o many_o base_a soldier_n will_v cut_v some_o off_o the_o length_n of_o that_o as_o i_o have_v oft_o see_v it_o do_v it_o be_v fit_a therefore_o that_o every_o pike_n have_v the_o captain_n name_n or_o mark_v at_o each_o end_n of_o it_o the_o grecian_n know_v very_o pike_n a_o pike_n well_o what_o advantage_n the_o long_a pike_n have_v the_o macedonian_n as_o i_o say_v before_o make_v their_o pike_n three_o foot_n long_o than_o the_o other_o grecian_n do_v nor_o have_v this_o advantage_n be_v unknown_a in_o our_o modern_a war_n whereof_o giovio_n give_v we_o a_o remarkable_a instance_n pope_n alexander_n the_o six_o wage_v a_o war_n with_o a_o veteran_n army_n conduct_v by_o experiment_a captain_n his_o foot_n consist_v of_o german_n arm_v offensive_o with_o pike_n the_o vrsines_n levy_v new_a and_o raw_a soldier_n most_o consist_v of_o their_o own_o vassal_n and_o peasant_n these_o they_o arm_v with_o p●kes_n but_o each_o of_o they_o two_o foot_n at_o lest_o long_o than_o those_o the_o pope_n german_n carry_v the_o two_o army_n meet_v better_a the_o long_a the_o better_a in_o a_o plain_a field_n at_o suriano_n in_o the_o papacy_n and_o fight_v the_o vrsine_n peasant_n lead_v by_o stout_a commander_n kill_v most_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o popish_a pikeman_n by_o the_o length_n of_o their_o pike_n and_o immediate_o after_o rout_v the_o whole_a body_n not_o suffer_v one_o german_n to_o escape_v upon_o this_o the_o pope_n cavalry_n flee_v and_o the_o vrsi●●s_n keep_v the_o field_n force_v his_o holiness_n to_o grant_v they_o against_o his_o will_n a_o advantageous_a peace_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o number_n of_o pikeman_n allow_v to_o each_o company_n i_o shall_v do_v that_o in_o its_o due_a place_n but_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o i_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o little_a esteem_n make_v of_o the_o pike_n in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v so_o useful_a and_o so_o necessary_a a_o weapon_n thirty_o year_n ago_o when_o the_o war_n be_v very_o hot_a in_o the_o german_a empire_n between_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n and_o the_o catholic_n league_n as_o it_o be_v call_v on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o evangelic_n union_n as_o they_o call_v it_o on_o the_o other_o i_o see_v such_o a_o universal_a contempt_n of_o the_o pike_n that_o i_o can_v not_o admire_v neglect_v the_o pike_n very_o much_o neglect_v it_o enough_o for_o though_o after_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n enter_v germany_n squadron_n and_o batallion_n of_o pike_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o both_o party_n and_o that_o pikeman_n be_v still_o account_v the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n yet_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o leipsick_a over_o the_o imperial_a force_n under_o ty_o the_o king_n march_n be_v so_o quick_a in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o success_n which_o follow_v one_o germany_n in_o germany_n on_o the_o heel_n of_o another_o and_o the_o retreat_n also_o of_o other_o army_n from_o he_o be_v so_o speedy_a that_o first_o the_o pikemans_fw-mi defensive_a arm_n be_v cast_v away_o and_o after_o they_o the_o pike_n itself_o insomuch_o that_o all_o who_o hereafter_o be_v levy_v and_o enroll_v call_v for_o musket_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o when_o new_a regiment_n be_v levy_v after_o that_o great_a king_n death_n colonel_n and_o captain_n be_v ever_o order_v to_o levy_v and_o arm_v pikeman_n proportionable_o to_o the_o musquetier_n yet_o after_o they_o have_v endure_v some_o fatigue_n the_o pike_n be_v again_o cast_v away_o and_o no_o soldier_n but_o musquetier_n be_v to_o be_v see_v whether_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o supine_n negligence_n of_o the_o officer_n especial_o the_o colonel_n or_o for_o the_o contempt_n they_o have_v of_o the_o pike_n i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o for_o some_o year_n together_o i_o have_v see_v many_o weak_a regiment_n compose_v mere_o of_o musquetier_n without_o one_o pikeman_n in_o any_o of_o they_o and_o sure_o they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o weak_a for_o that_o nor_o do_v i_o find_v long_o after_o that_o that_o the_o pike_n get_v better_a entertainment_n in_o other_o place_n than_o in_o germany_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o after_o the_o late_a king_n of_o denmark_n have_v lose_v his_o best_a army_n he_o give_v denmark_n in_o denmark_n as_o i_o say_v in_o this_o same_o chapter_n commission_n to_o five_o of_o we_o to_o raise_v each_o of_o we_o a_o regiment_n of_o man_n of_o one_o thousand_o apiece_o all_o stranger_n we_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o capitulation_n to_o arm_v our_o regiment_n ourselves_o out_o of_o the_o money_n we_o have_v agree_v for_o and_o express_o with_o musket_n neither_o will_v those_o of_o the_o privy_a council_n who_o be_v order_v to_o treat_v with_o we_o suffer_v one_o word_n to_o be_v mention_v of_o a_o pike_n in_o our_o commission_n though_o the_o conveniency_n and_o sometime_o the_o necessity_n of_o that_o weapon_n be_v sufficient_o remonstrate_v by_o we_o but_o there_o be_v two_o who_o write_v down_o right_a against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n these_o be_v englishman_n declare_v useless_a by_o two_o a_o italian_a and_o a_o englishman_n brancatio_n a_o italian_a commander_n and_o one_o master_n daniel_n lupton_n a_o englishman_n who_o i_o think_v trace_v brancatio_n his_o step_n for_o though_o i_o have_v not_o see_v that_o italian_a piece_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v a_o countryman_n of_o the_o author_n achilles_n terduzzi_n who_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v read_v it_o every_o word_n master_n luptons_n book_n i_o have_v see_v and_o will_v presume_v by_o his_o leave_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n to_o examine_v his_o argument_n and_o reason_n chap._n vi_o master_n lupton_n book_n against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n examine_v this_o gentleman_n print_v his_o book_n in_o the_o year_n 1642_o and_o present_v it_o to_o essex_n the_o book_n dedicate_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n the_o earl_n of_o essex_n who_o be_v declare_v general_n of_o the_o parliament_n force_v that_o very_a year_n but_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v not_o get_v his_o