twelve_o excellency_n of_o china_n in_o regard_n it_o contain_v a_o far_o great_a number_n as_o they_o that_o read_v the_o whole_a will_n easy_o find_v beside_o that_o the_o division_n which_o he_o have_v make_v be_v not_o proportionable_a to_o the_o matter_n there_o be_v some_o of_o those_o excellency_n which_o do_v not_o take_v up_o a_o page_n or_o two_o and_o other_o that_o fill_v up_o above_o thirty_o or_o forty_o so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o more_o proper_a to_o divide_v the_o relation_n into_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n and_o to_o give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v in_o other_o thing_n i_o have_v not_o swerve_v at_o all_o from_o the_o method_n and_o sense_n of_o my_o author_n neither_o have_v i_o make_v the_o least_o alteration_n only_o that_o i_o may_v conform_v to_o the_o style_n and_o genius_n of_o our_o language_n i_o have_v not_o tie_v myself_o so_o strict_o and_o literal_o to_o his_o expression_n and_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o this_o relation_n have_v never_o appear_v in_o any_o other_o language_n nor_o be_v ever_o print_v before_o and_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v altogether_o new._n i_o also_o observe_v in_o read_v that_o there_o be_v several_a thing_n which_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v sufficient_o explain_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o have_v not_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o china_n and_o that_o the_o description_n of_o pe_n kim_v and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n may_v seem_v obscure_a to_o many_o people_n i_o have_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o remedy_v the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n by_o note_n in_o italic_a which_o i_o have_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n because_o i_o will_v not_o crowd_v the_o margin_n nor_o interrupt_v the_o text_n but_o preserve_v the_o original_a in_o its_o purity_n and_o credit_n and_o leave_v the_o reader_n at_o liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o let_v they_o alone_o for_o remedy_n of_o the_o second_o inconvenience_n i_o have_v make_v a_o draught_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o palace_n collect_v together_o with_o great_a care_n what_o the_o author_n have_v speak_v dispersedly_z in_o several_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n mounsieur_fw-fr peyronett_n a_o ingenier_n of_o good_a repute_n draw_v out_o the_o draught_n at_o my_o request_n fair_a upon_o paper_n to_o which_o i_o add_v the_o explanation_n of_o every_o thing_n with_o letter_n which_o relate_v to_o other_o that_o be_v engrave_v upon_o the_o plane_n and_o further_o to_o satisfy_v entire_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o give_v more_o reputation_n to_o the_o book_n i_o have_v add_v the_o life_n of_o father_n magaillans_n who_o be_v the_o author_n which_o i_o be_v the_o rather_o incline_v to_o do_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v but_o very_o short_a and_o modest_o write_v it_o be_v write_v by_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n a_o cicilian_a and_o father_n magaillan_n inseparable_a companion_n from_o the_o year_n 1640_o to_o the_o year_n 1677_o that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o near_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o seven_o year_n together_o father_n buglio_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1682_o in_o great_a reputation_n for_o his_o virtue_n and_o learning_n so_o that_o the_o care_n which_o he_o have_v take_v to_o write_v the_o life_n of_o our_o author_n be_v a_o double_a approbation_n of_o his_o work._n i_o must_v here_o take_v notice_n by_o the_o way_n that_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o portuguese_n orthography_n in_o spell_a the_o name_n of_o our_o author_n for_o the_o portuguese_n write_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n magalhanes_n but_o in_o regard_n few_o people_n in_o france_n can_v so_o pronounce_v it_o i_o alter_v it_o into_o magaillans_n which_o the_o french_a pronounce_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o portuguese_n pronunciation_n of_o magalhanes_n this_o father_n be_v of_o the_o same_o family_n of_o the_o famous_a ferdinand_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n who_o be_v call_v by_o the_o corruption_n of_o language_n magellan_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o discover_v the_o magellanick_n strait_o in_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o southern_a america_n i_o have_v also_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n or_o mandarim_n which_o the_o portuguese_n make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n cochinchina_n tum_o kim_v and_o china_n as_o well_o for_o that_o all_o the_o other_o relation_n make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o word_n well_o know_v in_o france_n ever_o since_o the_o come_n thither_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o siam_n the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o mandar_fw-la to_o command_v and_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n this_o remark_n oblige_v i_o to_o add_v another_o upon_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o chinese_n word_n and_o letter_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n how_o to_o pronounce_v they_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chinese_n their_o word_n be_v all_o monosyllable_n or_o else_o of_o one_o syllable_n without_o exception_n and_o so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o once_o and_o without_o any_o distinction_n of_o syllable_n of_o what_o number_n of_o consonant_n and_o vowel_n soever_o they_o be_v compose_v for_o example_n kiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o china_n must_v be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o a_o time_n and_o not_o as_o if_o it_o be_v two_o syllable_n kiam_a in_o like_a manner_n the_o word_n lve_v hve_v do_v not_o make_v two_o syllable_n li-ven_a nor_o three_o liuen_a but_o only_o one_o syllable_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v by_o pronounce_v they_o all_o as_o one_o syllable_n yet_o so_o as_o to_o express_v the_o sound_n of_o all_o the_o letter_n not_o but_o that_o the_o chineses_n have_v word_n compose_v of_o several_a syllable_n but_o these_o syllable_n be_v always_o separate_v and_o from_o different_a word_n as_o tai_n yven_v the_o name_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la the_o name_n of_o a_o tyrant_n mention_v in_o the_o relation_n thus_o we_o write_v in_o france_n st._n malo_n haure_n the_o grace_n by_o separate_a word_n and_o not_o in_o one_o word_n as_o villeneuf_n montroyal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o st._n malo_n be_v form_v of_o two_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n and_o haure_n the_o grace_n of_o three_o word_n and_o five_o syllable_n whereas_o the_o chinese_n name_n have_v never_o more_o syllable_n than_o word_n thus_o tai_n yven_v be_v compose_v of_o two_o word_n and_o two_o syllable_n and_o cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la of_o three_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n only_o as_o for_o their_o letter_n though_o there_o be_v as_o many_o chinese_n letter_n as_o there_o be_v chinese_n word_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v express_v by_o mean_n of_o our_o european_a letter_n add_v necessary_a accent_n to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o speak_v as_o be_v explain_v in_o this_o relation_n which_o be_v premise_v you_o shall_v see_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o chineses_n pronounce_v a_o they_o have_v a_o sound_n in_o their_o language_n which_o answer_v to_o our_o a_o as_o in_o the_o word_n nan_n kim_n b_o they_o have_v no_o sound_n that_o answer_v b_o but_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o they_o make_v use_v of_o p_o thus_o instead_o of_o cambalu_n they_o say_v ham_n pa_n lu_o c_o before_o a_o o_o or_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o ca_o co_n cu_z but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o it_o must_v be_v pronounce_v tze_n tzi_n and_o not_o ce_fw-fr ci._n ch_z must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o tcha_n tche_n tchi_n tcho_n tchu_n d_o be_v not_o pronounce_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n but_o only_a t_o which_o be_v near_a to_o it_o e_z and_o f_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o france_n g_o before_z a_o o_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v nga_n ngo_n ngu_n as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o n_o before_o the_o g._n but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o as_o we_o pronounce_v ge_n give_v h_n must_v be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o strong_a aspiration_n of_o the_o throat_n like_o the_o welsh_a ll._n ay_o k_o and_o l_o as_o we_o do_v m_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n must_v be_v pronounce_v open_a and_o soft_o without_o make_v any_o stop_n by_o close_v the_o lip_n otherwise_o they_o pronounce_v it_o as_o we_o do_v n_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v hard_o put_v a_o stress_n upon_o it_o as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n lumen_fw-la otherwise_o as_o we_o do_v p_o as_o in_o france_n q_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n unless_o when_o a_o u_o follow_v and_o then_o it_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n quam_fw-la r_o be_v never_o pronounce_v by_o the_o chinese_n s_o as_o we_o do_v t_o
passion_n keep_v it_o bind_v and_o chain_v it_o come_v to_o be_v obscure_v and_o trouble_v for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o man_n shall_v apply_v themselves_o to_o learning_n and_o information_n by_o put_v of_o question_n to_o the_o end_n the_o rational_a heart_n may_v be_v deliver_v from_o its_o bondage_n and_o slavery_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o break_v the_o chain_n and_o fetter_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o return_v to_o its_o primitive_a beauty_n light_n and_o understanding_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o tarnished_a mirror_n be_v polish_a recover_v its_o former_a luster_n the_o second_o consist_v in_o reform_v the_o people_n for_o example_n i_o who_o be_o a_o king_n a_o magistrate_n a_o father_n of_o a_o family_n etc._n etc._n if_o i_o have_v already_o purify_v my_o rational_a nature_n it_o be_v my_o duty_n to_o extend_v it_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o she_o may_v be_v able_a to_o communicate_v herself_o to_o other_o man_n by_o cause_v they_o to_o abandon_v the_o corruption_n and_o defilement_n of_o vice_n and_o evil_a custom_n and_o i_o ought_v to_o deal_v so_o by_o my_o people_n as_o i_o do_v with_o garment_n when_o they_o be_v spot_v or_o besmear_v for_o if_o they_o be_v well_o wash_v and_o scour_v they_o become_v clean_a and_o handsome_a as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o three_o consist_v in_o attain_v and_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n this_o sovereign_a good_a be_v the_o sovereign_a accord_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o reason_n when_o great_a man_n enlighten_v their_o intelligent_a nature_n and_o renew_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o people_n they_o do_v it_o not_o by_o haphazard_n or_o without_o design_n but_o all_o their_o end_n be_v to_o bring_v their_o virtue_n to_o perfection_n to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v not_o be_v one_o single_a person_n among_o the_o people_n who_o virtue_n be_v not_o renew_v or_o who_o be_v not_o renew_v by_o virtue_n when_o they_o be_v arrive_v at_o a_o degree_n so_o sublime_a and_o to_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a excellency_n they_o may_v be_v assure_v they_o have_v attain_v the_o sovereign_n good_a like_o those_o who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o tiresome_a journey_n at_o length_n come_v to_o their_o own_o home_n may_v say_v they_o have_v attain_v the_o final_a end_n of_o their_o travel_n these_o be_v the_o three_o most_o necessary_a and_o principal_a thing_n in_o that_o book_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o mantle_n or_o outward_a garment_n that_o cover_v the_o clothes_n or_o as_o the_o string_n that_o hold_v a_o row_n of_o bead_n together_o these_o be_v the_o expression_n of_o the_o chinese_n commentator_n here_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o possible_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o proper_a than_o these_o word_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la to_o explain_v the_o function_n of_o a_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n who_o be_v oblige_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o perfect_v himself_o and_o next_o his_o neighbour_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v arrive_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good_a which_o be_v god_n the_o supreme_a and_o utmost_a end_n of_o all_o thing_n nevertheless_o the_o chineses_n be_v pagan_n and_o carnal_o mind_a people_n have_v accommodate_v these_o three_o point_n to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o like_a politician_n they_o place_v all_o their_o happiness_n and_o ultimate_a end._n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n do_v understand_v there_o be_v a_o god._n and_o therefore_o when_o i_o oppose_v their_o learned_a man_n in_o dispute_n i_o frequent_o make_v use_v of_o this_o dilemma_n either_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la do_v understand_v what_o he_o design_v or_o he_o do_v not_o if_o he_o do_v understand_v what_o he_o define_v he_o know_v there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o sovereign_n good_a of_o which_o he_o speak_v and_o which_o you_o also_o aught_o to_o know_v and_o adore_v as_o well_o as_o he_o if_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o what_o he_o define_v be_v god_n himself_o he_o be_v very_o ignorant_a since_o as_o you_o yourselves_o confess_v the_o syllable_n chi_fw-mi and_o xen_fw-mi signify_v that_o sovereign_n good_a which_o contain_v and_o comprehend_v all_o other_o which_o be_v a_o attribute_n that_o can_v be_v give_v to_o any_o creature_n what_o advantage_n soever_o he_o may_v have_v but_o only_o to_o god_n alone_o some_o there_o be_v who_o be_v touch_v with_o heavenly_a grace_n submit_v to_o the_o truth_n other_o not_o know_v what_o to_o answer_v and_o unwilling_a to_o acknowledge_v that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la be_v ignorant_a rather_o choose_v to_o abide_v in_o their_o error_n and_o to_o follow_v their_o pride_n and_o passion_n and_o cry_v they_o will_v come_v again_o another_o time_n note_n upon_o the_o four_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v nothing_o far_o to_o what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v concern_v the_o chinese_n language_n the_o nature_n and_o genius_n of_o which_o he_o have_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o and_o as_o for_o those_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o they_o may_v consult_v the_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n semedo_n who_o full_o confirm_v what_o here_o f._n magaillans_n avouch_v i_o must_v only_o observe_v this_o by_o the_o way_n that_o he_o give_v we_o in_o this_o place_n a_o idea_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n far_o different_a from_o what_o he_o give_v we_o former_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o principal_a book_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o aâ—…ia_n be_v very_o fertile_a in_o great_a wiâ—…s_n but_o he_o will_v have_v be_v more_o strong_o confirm_v in_o his_o opinion_n have_v he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o china_n for_o if_o they_o who_o best_o invent_v most_o sudden_o and_o easy_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v more_o subtle_a and_o better_a wit_n than_o other_o the_o chineses_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o nation_n since_o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o invent_v letter_n paper_n printing_n ponder_n fine_a porcelaine_n aâ—…d_v their_o own_o character_n though_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o many_o science_n for_o want_v of_o communication_n with_o other_o people_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v accomplish_v in_o moral_a philosophy_n to_o which_o they_o sole_o bend_v their_o study_n for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o wit_n be_v so_o quick_a and_o apprehensive_a that_o they_o understand_v with_o ease_n when_o they_o read_v the_o book_n which_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n have_v write_v the_o most_o subtle_a and_o difficult_a question_n as_o well_o in_o mathematics_n and_o philosophy_n as_o in_o theology_n perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v some_o who_o will_v not_o so_o ready_o believe_v what_o i_o assert_v but_o i_o can_v assure_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v know_v some_o learned_a christian_n and_o infidel_n also_o who_o understand_v without_o any_o instruction_n as_o we_o can_v find_v by_o their_o discourse_n the_o question_n concern_v god_n and_o the_o trinity_n which_o they_o have_v read_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o saint_n thomas_n translate_v by_o father_n buglio_n what_o kingdom_n be_v there_o whatever_o the_o number_n of_o the_o university_n be_v which_o it_o contain_v where_o there_o be_v above_o ten_o thousand_o licentiate_n as_o in_o china_n of_o which_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o meet_v every_o three_o year_n at_o pe_n kim_v where_o after_o several_a examination_n there_o be_v admit_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o kingdom_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o scholar_n as_o there_o be_v bachelor_n of_o art_n in_o china_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o country_n where_o the_o knowledge_n of_o letter_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o so_o common_a in_o regard_n that_o in_o all_o the_o province_n more_o especial_o the_o southern_a there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n poor_a or_o rich_a citizen_n or_o husbandman_n that_o can_v both_o write_v and_o read._n and_o in_o short_a i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o region_n unless_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v publish_v so_o many_o book_n as_o the_o chineses_n have_v do_v the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v almost_o as_o ancient_a as_o the_o deluge_n as_o begin_v not_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o it_o and_o be_v continue_v to_o this_o present_a time_n by_o several_a author_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v guess_v at_o the_o number_n of_o volume_n which_o their_o history_n contain_v they_o have_v several_a book_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n where_o they_o treat_v of_o nature_n her_o property_n and_o accident_n it_o be_v true_a they_o intermix_v mistake_n and_o impertinence_n with_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v
and_o upon_o several_a other_o subject_n father_n manuel_n dias_n the_o young_a translate_v all_o the_o gospel_n with_o the_o commentary_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o father_n which_o make_v a_o work_n no_o less_o large_a then_o pious_a and_o learned_a father_n francis_n furtado_n publish_v a_o treatise_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o logic_n with_o certain_a other_o book_n de_fw-mi coelo_fw-la and_o de_fw-la mundo_fw-la as_o also_o of_o the_o soul_n of_o man._n the_o father_n john_n terencio_n john_n roose_n and_o john_n adam_n have_v write_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o book_n upon_o our_o holy_a law_n and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n father_n lewis_n buglio_n who_o be_v always_o my_o chief_a consolation_n and_o inseparable_a companion_n in_o all_o my_o travel_n affliction_n and_o imprisonment_n for_o thirty_o year_n together_o translate_v the_o first_o part_n of_o st._n thomas_n which_o the_o more_o learned_a chineses_n esteem_n and_o admire_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o i_o hear_v one_o of_o they_o who_o have_v read_v the_o treatise_n of_o god_n declare_v his_o thought_n in_o these_o word_n certain_o this_o book_n be_v a_o mirror_n wherein_o to_o let_v we_o see_v our_o own_o ignorance_n the_o same_o father_n buglio_n write_v several_a other_o piece_n upon_o several_a other_o subject_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o eloquent_a and_o learned_a apology_n in_o answer_n to_o a_o book_n which_o yam_n quam_fw-la siem_fw-la that_o wicked_a infidel_n publish_v both_o in_o this_o court_n and_o over_o the_o whole_a empire_n against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o it_o and_o which_o he_o entitle_v pu_o te_fw-mi y_fw-fr because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o whereupon_o the_o father_n that_o he_o may_v conform_v himself_o to_o the_o style_n and_o language_n of_o the_o country_n entitle_v his_o answer_n i_o have_v answer_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v both_o title_n be_v very_o significant_a in_o the_o chinese_n language_n but_o the_o father_n be_v more_o high_o esteem_v because_o it_o carry_v two_o signification_n the_o first_o i_o refute_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v the_o second_o i_o have_v refute_v a_o book_n entitle_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v and_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o the_o father_n compose_v the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o book_n in_o the_o boat_n upon_o the_o road_n and_o in_o the_o inn_n under_o the_o power_n of_o rebel_n and_o barbarian_n in_o prison_n with_o three_o chain_n upon_o his_o leg_n three_o about_o his_o neck_n and_o six_o upon_o his_o hand_n and_o in_o a_o word_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o continual_a persecution_n i_o can_v say_v much_o more_o in_o praise_n of_o that_o person_n true_o pious_a and_o oâ—…_n great_a reputation_n do_v i_o not_o fear_v that_o the_o shâ—…e_n which_o i_o have_v in_o his_o suffering_n and_o the_o strict_a friendship_n that_o be_v between_o we_o will_v render_v i_o suspect_v of_o too_o much_o partiality_n father_n ferdinand_n verâ—…stâ—…t_v â—…t_z the_o same_o time_n write_v a_o learned_a answer_n to_o 〈◊〉_d or_o rather_o a_o satyr_n full_a of_o mistake_v aâ—…d_v dolâ—…â—…norance_n which_o the_o same_o yam_n quam_fw-la siem_fw-la write_v against_o the_o european_a mathematics_n father_n anthony_n gouvea_fw-mi compose_v a_o catechism_n father_n john_n monteiro_n write_v two_o book_n the_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o other_o of_o true_a adoration_n father_n francis_n sambiesi_n write_v four_o treatise_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o moral_n of_o paint_v and_o sound_v all_o very_a short_a and_o high_o esteem_v i_o myself_o write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o christ_n and_o another_o of_o the_o universal_a resurrection_n nicholas_n trigaut_n lazaro_n cataneo_fw-la gaspar_n ferreira_n and_o alvero_n semedo_n all_o father_n of_o the_o society_n have_v compose_v dictionary_n very_o large_a and_o very_a exact_a and_o gaspar_n ferreira_n have_v write_v above_o twenty_o treatise_n upon_o several_a subject_n father_n soeiro_n make_v a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n and_o father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n who_o die_v but_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o in_o this_o court_n fourscore_o and_o sixteen_o year_n old_a have_v write_v several_a godly_a treatise_n beside_o a_o treatise_n of_o earthquakes_a high_o esteem_v by_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o empire_n in_o short_a there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o book_n write_v concern_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o of_o all_o science_n and_o subject_n which_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o above_o five_o hundred_o tome_n print_v beside_o manuscript_n there_o be_v print_v in_o china_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o father_n that_o ever_o travel_a into_o the_o country_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n wherein_o be_v also_o the_o name_n set_v of_o all_o the_o book_n which_o they_o have_v write_v from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o so_o many_o book_n can_v never_o have_v be_v translate_v and_o write_v in_o a_o foreign_a language_n and_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n have_v not_o the_o language_n be_v very_o easy_a so_o that_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v more_o easy_a to_o learn_v then_o any_o other_o and_o that_o it_o be_v withal_o very_o elegant_a very_o copious_a and_o very_o expressive_a since_o it_o want_v for_o no_o term_n to_o explain_v and_o unfold_v the_o subtlety_n and_o mystery_n of_o theology_n philosophy_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o science_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o first_o paragraph_n of_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o commentary_n which_o i_o make_v upon_o the_o work_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la with_o which_o our_o father_n always_o begin_v when_o they_o first_o set_v themselves_o to_o study_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o short_a sample_n the_o beauty_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v the_o better_o display_v they_o read_v the_o letter_n beginning_n from_o the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a but_o that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o europe_n i_o have_v place_v the_o first_o column_n upon_o the_o left-hand_a to_o explain_v they_o you_o must_v put_v they_o together_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o cipher_n the_o mark_n or_o zero_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o letter_n be_v the_o point_n and_o accent_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o order_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o text_n be_v take_v from_o two_o chinese_n commentator_n of_o which_o the_o one_o who_o live_v about_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o be_v call_v chun_n hi_o and_o the_o other_o who_o be_v a_o colao_n be_v name_v chamm_n kiù_fw-fr chim_z who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1610_o at_o what_o time_n matthew_n riccio_n arrive_v at_o this_o court_n of_o who_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o great_a man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o consist_v in_o the_o second_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3_o teach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o to_o renew_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3_o the_o people_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o the_o rule_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o consist_v in_o the_o 3d_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 5_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 5_o to_o stop_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6_o to_o enlighten_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6_o at_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o reasonable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o the_o sovereign_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 8_o good_n the_o commentary_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o text._n the_o method_n for_o great_a man_n to_o learn_v consistâ—…_n in_o three_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v to_o unfold_v the_o rational_a nature_n the_o second_o be_v to_o reform_v mankind_n and_o the_o three_o to_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n as_o to_o the_o first_o the_o rational_a nature_n be_v the_o heart_n of_o man_n for_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o distinct_a on_o between_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o will_n but_o attribute_n to_o the_o heart_n what_o ever_o we_o attribute_v to_o those_o faculty_n the_o heart_n be_v a_o substance_n pure_a and_o intelligent_a without_o any_o darkness_n or_o obscurity_n and_o where_o man_n have_v always_o ready_a all_o requisite_a reason_n to_o answer_v to_o all_o difficulty_n that_o present_v themselves_o but_o because_o that_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n of_o our_o birth_n this_o intelligent_a and_o rational_a nature_n be_v cage_a up_o and_o enclose_v within_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o body_n and_o for_o that_o our_o inordinate_a
only_o rehearse_v before_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o minister_n of_o state._n therein_o be_v describe_v without_o any_o dissimulation_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n how_o the_o empire_n be_v govern_v and_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o ancient_a comedy_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o spare_v neither_o the_o vice_n of_o private_a man_n nor_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o public_a magistrate_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v pi_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v comparison_n for_o that_o all_o which_o be_v therein_o contain_v be_v explain_v by_o comâ—…arisons_n or_o similitude_n the_o four_o sort_n be_v call_v he_o que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o raise_v or_o exalt_v because_o this_o sort_n of_o poetry_n begin_v with_o something_o that_o be_v curious_a and_o lofty_a to_o prepare_v and_o raise_v attention_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o five_o sort_n be_v call_v you_o xi_o that_o be_v to_o say_v poesy_n reject_v or_o separate_v â—…ecause_n that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la have_v review_v this_o volume_n of_o poem_n reject_v those_o which_o he_o either_o mislike_v or_o think_v to_o be_v fabulous_a however_o they_o be_v still_o quote_v and_o left_a as_o they_o be_v the_o four_o volume_n be_v compose_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n his_o native_a country_n at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n â—…um_fw-la the_o chineses_n put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o this_o book_n and_o be_v all_o in_o ecstasy_n when_o they_o read_v it_o he_o write_v this_o history_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n transaction_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o annal_n where_o he_o expose_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n both_o virtuous_a and_o wicked_a refer_v the_o â—…ents_n to_o the_o time_n and_o season_n wherein_o they_o happen_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v to_o his_o book_n the_o title_n of_o chun_n cieâ—…_n or_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o five_o volume_n be_v call_v you_o kim_v and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o foe_n hi_o their_o first_o king_n be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o book_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v read_v and_o esteem_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o noble_a sentence_n and_o precept_n of_o morality_n which_o it_o contain_v i_o believe_v true_o that_o the_o good_a maxim_n which_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o volume_n may_v be_v write_v by_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v add_v by_o other_o who_o be_v desirous_a to_o give_v reputation_n to_o their_o vision_n under_o the_o name_n of_o this_o famous_a prince_n nevertheless_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o this_o book_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o profound_a the_o most_o learned_a and_o mysterious_a of_o any_o in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v it_o and_o that_o stranger_n ought_v neither_o to_o see_v or_o touch_v it_o the_o chineses_n have_v also_o another_o volume_n of_o equal_a authority_n with_o those_o beforementioned_a which_o they_o call_v sù_n xu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o four_o book_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n this_o be_v a_o volume_n of_o extract_n or_o abridgement_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o very_a marrow_n and_o quintessence_n of_o the_o former_a five_o the_o mandarinsâ—…ull_a â—…ull_z out_o from_o thence_o the_o sentence_n and_o text_n which_o they_o propose_v for_o theme_n to_o the_o learned_a that_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n licentiate_n and_o doctor_n and_o upon_o which_o those_o person_n write_v and_o comment_n for_o their_o reputation_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o their_o virtue_n the_o second_o discourse_n of_o the_o golden_a mean._n the_o three_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o moral_a sentence_n well_o express_v solid_a and_o profitable_a to_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o state._n these_o three_o part_n be_v write_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la the_o first_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v publish_v by_o his_o disciple_n the_o four_o part_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o the_o other_o three_o be_v write_v by_o the_o philosopher_n men_n sum_o who_o be_v bear_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o chinese_n as_o a_o doctor_n of_o the_o second_o order_n this_o be_v a_o work_n wherein_o there_o appear_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o wit_n subtlety_n and_o eloquence_n the_o discourse_n be_v pertinent_a the_o sentence_n grave_a and_o moral_a and_o the_o style_v lively_a bold_a and_o persuasive_a all_o the_o missionary_n of_o our_o society_n in_o these_o part_n very_o industrious_o study_v the_o letter_n and_o the_o language_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o this_o book_n and_o from_o thence_o and_o out_o of_o the_o former_a five_o it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o treatise_n and_o commentary_n of_o various_a author_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a of_o which_o the_o number_n be_v almost_o infinite_a and_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o commend_v and_o admire_v the_o wit_n the_o industry_n and_o eloquence_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v derive_v as_o from_o so_o many_o spring_n and_o fountain_n note_n upon_o the_o five_o chapter_n a._n p._n 96._o the_o subject_a or_o ground_n of_o this_o book_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o table_n of_o sixty_o four_o figure_n every_o one_o consist_v of_o six_o line_n which_o be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n as_o thus_o other_o of_o two_o part_n as_o thus_o the_o chineses_n attribute_v the_o write_n of_o this_o table_n to_o their_o first_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o no_o body_n can_v divine_v what_o be_v the_o design_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o about_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n prince_n venus_n uam_fw-la father_n of_o the_o emperor_n vu_fw-fr uam_n founder_n of_o the_o three_o royal_a family_n and_o his_o second_o son_n cheu_n cum_fw-la undertake_v to_o interpret_v this_o enigmatical_a table_n and_o that_o five_o hundred_o year_n afterward_o the_o philosopher_n cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la make_v commentary_n upon_o the_o interpretation_n of_o those_o two_o prince_n but_o whatever_o those_o three_o author_n have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o only_o from_o the_o agreeement_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o element_n and_o other_o natural_a thing_n to_o draw_v politic_a and_o moral_a maxim_n and_o conclusion_n and_o precept_n also_o as_o well_o for_o the_o prince_n as_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o which_o render_v this_o table_n pernicious_a be_v this_o that_o the_o idolater_n call_v tao_n sum_o the_o bonze_n and_o fortune-teller_n make_v a_o bad_a use_n of_o it_o to_o confirm_v their_o superstitious_a prediction_n forge_v out_o of_o that_o variety_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o intermix_v therewith_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o confederacy_n and_o vain_a and_o impertinent_a allusion_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o boast_v themselves_o able_a to_o foretell_v whatever_o shall_v befall_v a_o man_n whether_o fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a epitome_n of_o the_o first_o commentator_n of_o this_o table_n of_o foyes_n hi_o may_v be_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o preface_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la which_o be_v new_o print_v together_o with_o several_z other_o particular_n concern_v the_o principal_a book_n of_o the_o chinese_n of_o which_o our_o author_n speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n several_a book_n may_v be_v write_v of_o the_o civility_n compliment_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o have_v a_o book_n which_o give_v a_o account_n of_o above_o three_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v how_o ready_a and_o punctual_a they_o be_v in_o those_o particular_n at_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o feast_n the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n though_o a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n than_o any_o of_o his_o guest_n always_o give_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o pre-eminence_n to_o the_o elder_a the_o elder_a give_v place_n to_o those_o that_o come_v far_o off_o but_o all_o to_o foreigner_n when_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v from_o the_o very_a day_n that_o his_o embassy_n be_v accept_v of_o to_o the_o time_n of_o his_o departure_n the_o emperor_n furnish_v he_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n horse_n litter_n and_o bark_n
establish_a and_o confirm_v they_o share_v their_o employment_n and_o regulate_v their_o function_n with_o so_o much_o prudence_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o which_o be_v so_o absolute_a in_o the_o affair_n which_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o for_o example_n the_o first_o precedent_n of_o the_o four_o tribunal_n which_o be_v that_o of_o war_n have_v it_o a_o independent_a authority_n have_v a_o easy_a opportunity_n to_o rebel_v because_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o their_o disposal_n but_o they_o want_v money_n and_o therefore_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v have_v the_o king_n leave_n and_o order_n to_o require_v it_o from_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o pioner_n bark_n boat_n wagon_n tent_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o the_o six_o tribunal_n to_o which_o the_o four_o must_v address_v themselves_o beside_o that_o the_o horse_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o a_o petty_a separate_a tribunal_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o military_a mandarin_n make_v five_o tribunal_n which_o be_v call_v u_o furio_n or_o five_o cass_n their_o palace_n be_v place_v westward_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o palace_n royal_a and_o be_v thus_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n the_o first_o be_v call_v heu_fw-la furio_n or_o the_o rereguard_n the_o second_o tso_n su_n or_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o three_o you_o furio_n or_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o four_o chum_n furio_n or_o the_o main_a battle_n and_o the_o five_o lien_n furio_n or_o the_o vanguard_n the_o five_o tribunal_n be_v govern_v by_o fifteen_o great_a lord_n as_o marquess_n count_n etc._n etc._n three_o in_o each_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v precedent_n and_o the_o other_o two_o his_o assessor_n they_o be_v all_o fifteen_o of_o the_o first_o order_n of_o the_o mandarin_n but_o the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o that_o order_n and_o the_o assessor_n of_o the_o second_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o court_n be_v under_o their_o care_n these_o five_o tribunal_n have_v one_o superior_a tribunal_n above_o they_o which_o be_v call_v ium_o chim_z fu_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o war_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v always_o one_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o authority_n of_o this_o tribunal_n extend_v itself_o over_o all_o these_o five_o tribunal_n and_o over_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o to_o prevent_v their_o abuse_n so_o large_a a_o power_n they_o be_v curb_v by_o a_o assessor_n set_v over_o they_o who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o learning_n with_o the_o title_n of_o supreme_a regent_n of_o arm_n and_o two_o royal_a controller_n who_o be_v equal_o concern_v in_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n these_o tribunal_n have_v a_o very_a great_a authority_n and_o be_v much_o more_o high_o honour_v and_o esteem_v nevertheless_o they_o have_v much_o more_o reputation_n than_o real_a power_n in_o regard_n the_o execution_n of_o business_n belong_v to_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n call_v pim_n pu_fw-fr it_o may_v be_v object_v perhaps_o that_o these_o five_o tribunal_n be_v superfluous_a because_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o four_o of_o the_o six_o superior_a court_n but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v at_o court_n at_o that_o time_n a_o great_a number_n of_o lord_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hium_fw-la chin_n or_o vassal_n of_o great_a merit_n who_o ancestor_n have_v assist_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o precede_a race_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n beside_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o passion_n so_o prevail_v over_o the_o chinese_n as_o the_o violent_a ambition_n of_o rule_n and_o command_n as_o be_v that_o wherein_o they_o place_v all_o their_o chief_a glory_n and_o happiness_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o answer_n which_o a_o mandarin_n make_v to_o father_n matthew_n ricci_n for_o that_o same_o father_n discourse_v of_o our_o holy_a law_n and_o of_o that_o eternal_a felicity_n which_o they_o who_o embrace_v it_o enjoy_v hereafter_o come_v come_v say_v the_o mandarin_n hold_v your_o tongue_n and_o lay_v aside_o these_o idle_a conceit_n your_o great_a glory_n and_o happiness_n as_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v to_o abide_v in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o this_o court._n and_o for_o my_o own_o part_n all_o my_o glory_n and_o happiness_n consist_v in_o this_o same_o girdle_n and_o habit_n of_o a_o mandarin_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v nothing_o but_o fable_n and_o word_n which_o the_o wind_n blow_v away_o mere_a story_n of_o thing_n invisible_a or_o rather_o never_o to_o be_v see_v that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v to_o command_v other_o gold_n and_o silver_n wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o multitude_n of_o servant_n of_o both_o sex_n these_o be_v visible_a noble_a house_n great_a wealth_n banquet_n divertisement_n these_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o word_n estate_n honour_n and_o glory_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o be_v a_o mandarin_n this_o be_v all_o the_o felicity_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o enjoy_v in_o this_o large_a empire_n and_o not_o your_o vain_a felicity_n which_o be_v as_o unprofitable_a as_o it_o be_v invisible_a and_o impossible_a to_o obtain_v these_o be_v the_o carnal_a sentiment_n of_o man_n no_o less_o blind_a than_o proud_a and_o haughty_a which_o be_v so_o the_o king_n who_o understand_v the_o humour_n of_o that_o nation_n especial_o of_o the_o grandee_n for_o their_o satisfaction_n be_v think_v themselves_o of_o these_o tribunal_n which_o they_o erect_v and_o regulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n to_o satisfy_v their_o ambition_n with_o the_o honour_n and_o profit_n belong_v to_o their_o office_n and_o prevent_v they_o from_o do_v mischief_n by_o the_o small_a authority_n which_o they_o have_v allow_v they_o now_o as_o there_o be_v some_o mandarin_n who_o be_v not_o of_o any_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n which_o be_v call_v vi_o jo_o lieu_n or_o man_n not_o settle_v there_o be_v other_o which_o be_v call_v vu_z pin_n or_o such_o for_o who_o there_o be_v no_o degree_n high_a enough_o or_o such_o who_o merit_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v above_o all_o order_n and_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o petty_a king_n duke_n marquess_n &c._n &c._n which_o govern_v the_o two_o tribunal_n of_o arms._n but_o though_o they_o be_v honour_v with_o title_n and_o some_o small_a authority_n which_o they_o enjoy_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o quality_n of_o mandarin_n nevertheless_o the_o dignity_n of_o duke_n and_o marquess_n which_o their_o great_a service_n have_v purchase_v be_v far_o more_o value_v and_o esteem_v and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o eleven_o superior_a court_n or_o tribunal_n we_o shall_v now_o brief_o give_v you_o a_o prospect_n of_o the_o other_o tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o whole_a empire_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o several_a other_o tribunal_n at_o pekim_n the_o licentiate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n who_o the_o chineses_n call_v kiu_fw-mi gin_fw-mi or_o man_n famous_a for_o learning_n meet_v together_o every_o three_o year_n at_o the_o court_n at_o pekim_n and_o be_v there_o examine_v for_o thirteen_o day_n together_o a_o month_n after_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n be_v give_v to_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o six_o who_o have_v display_v the_o most_o pregnant_a of_o part_n and_o ingenuity_n in_o their_o composition_n out_o of_o these_o young_a doctor_n the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o young_a and_o most_o ingenious_a and_o prefer_v they_o to_o a_o tribunal_n call_v han_n len_n ve_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o garden_n or_o wood_n flourish_v in_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n this_o tribunal_n contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o mandarin_n all_o very_a learned_a and_o the_o most_o sprightly_a wit_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o class_n and_o compose_v five_o tribunal_n with_o the_o name_n and_o employment_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v tedious_a but_o only_o give_v a_o general_a account_n of_o their_o function_n they_o be_v tutor_n to_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o empire_n who_o they_o instruct_v in_o virtue_n civility_n and_o the_o liberal_a science_n by_o degree_n also_o as_o he_o grow_v in_o year_n they_o teach_v he_o the_o true_a art_n of_o govern_v and_o the_o method_n of_o good_a conduct_n they_o set_v down_o all_o the_o remarkable_a accident_n that_o happen_v either_o at_o court_n or_o throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o which_o most_o deserve_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o posterity_n they_o compile_v the_o general_a history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v always_o at_o
their_o study_n and_o write_v book_n upon_o several_a subject_n they_o be_v proper_o the_o king_n be_v learned_a people_n who_o frequent_o discourse_v with_o they_o upon_o several_a science_n and_o make_v choice_n of_o several_a of_o they_o to_o be_v his_o colao_n or_o counsellor_n or_o for_o his_o other_o tribunal_n and_o general_o he_o commit_v to_o their_o care_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o affair_n that_o require_v secrecy_n and_o fidelity_n in_o short_a this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o royal_a academy_n or_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v a_o royal_a magazine_n furnish_v with_o man_n of_o wit_n and_o learning_n always_o ready_a to_o serve_v the_o state_n and_o the_o emperor_n they_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o first_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n they_o of_o the_o second_o of_o the_o four_o order_n and_o they_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o three_o be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v of_o those_o inferior_a order_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v very_o much_o esteem_v respect_a and_o dread_a the_o tribunal_n call_v gue_n thu_n kien_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o royal_a school_n or_o university_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o it_o have_v two_o sort_n of_o employment_n the_o first_o be_v that_o when_o the_o king_n make_v any_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n or_o moon_n or_o to_o any_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n decease_v to_o recompense_v his_o great_a service_n the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n present_v the_o wine_n which_o be_v do_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ceremony_n their_o next_o business_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o licentiate_n and_o undergraduate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o of_o all_o the_o student_n to_o who_o for_o some_o particular_a reason_n the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o confer_v title_n and_o dignity_n which_o equal_v they_o in_o some_o measure_n with_o the_o bachelor_n graduate_n these_o student_n be_v of_o eight_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v call_v cum_fw-la sem_fw-mi who_o be_v bachelor_n of_o art_n and_o learned_a be_v of_o a_o age_n not_o to_o be_v examine_v or_o who_o have_v be_v examine_v have_v not_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o come_v off_o with_o applause_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v they_o amends_o the_o king_n give_v they_o a_o pension_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v the_o second_o call_v quen_o sem_fw-mi be_v the_o son_n of_o great_a mandarin_n upon_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o eminent_a service_n of_o their_o parent_n the_o king_n confer_v employment_n without_o suffer_v they_o to_o undergo_v the_o rigour_n of_o examination_n the_o three_o sort_n call_v ngen_fw-mi sem_fw-mi be_v certain_a student_n who_o the_o king_n make_v mandarin_n at_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n or_o upon_o the_o birth_n or_o marriage_n of_o the_o prince_n his_o elder_a son._n the_o four_o be_v call_v cum_fw-la sem_fw-mi be_v student_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n bestow_v his_o favour_n and_o advance_v they_o to_o dignity_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a personal_a merit_n or_o the_o great_a service_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o five_o sort_n call_v kien_fw-mi sem_fw-mi comprehend_v all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v bachelor_n for_o some_o time_n and_o after_o their_o examination_n not_o be_v able_a to_o merit_v the_o degree_n of_o licentiate_n or_o else_o fear_v to_o lose_v their_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n give_v the_o king_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o which_o he_o grant_v they_o the_o title_n of_o kien_fw-fr sem_fw-mi which_o confirm_v they_o for_o ever_o into_o their_o batchelour_n degree_n and_o make_v they_o capable_a of_o be_v elect_v mandarin_n the_o six_o be_v compose_v of_o student_n that_o learn_v foreign_a language_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o interpret_v when_o stranger_n come_v to_o court._n to_o who_o the_o king_n for_o their_o encouragement_n give_v this_o title_n with_o revenue_n proportionable_a and_o after_o they_o have_v serve_v for_o some_o year_n they_o may_v be_v make_v mandarin_n without_o any_o examination_n the_o seven_o consist_v of_o the_o son_n of_o great_a lord_n who_o in_o this_o tribunal_n learn_v virtue_n civility_n and_o the_o liberal_a science_n and_o when_o they_o be_v of_o age_n to_o be_v mandarin_n the_o king_n prefer_v they_o to_o some_o employment_n or_o other_o the_o eight_o be_v accidental_a and_o of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n for_o when_o the_o emperor_n have_v any_o daughter_n that_o be_v call_v lady_n of_o the_o palace_n or_o cum_fw-la chu_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o marry_v they_o he_o make_v choice_n at_o pekim_n of_o several_a young_a lad_n hopeful_a for_o their_o part_n handsome_a and_o between_o fourteen_o and_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n whether_o they_o be_v the_o son_n of_o mandarin_n tradesman_n or_o poor_a people_n out_o of_o these_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n choose_v the_o most_o accomplish_a for_o beauty_n and_o wit_n and_o present_v they_o to_o the_o king_n who_o cull_v out_o one_o that_o please_v he_o most_o and_o send_v the_o rest_n back_o to_o their_o parent_n after_o he_o have_v give_v to_o every_o one_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o silk_n but_o as_o for_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o make_v choice_n of_o to_o be_v his_o son_n in_o law_n he_o set_v over_o they_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n and_o place_n he_o in_o that_o college_n to_o be_v instruct_v the_o precedent_n of_o this_o college_n be_v of_o the_o four_o order_n of_o mandarin_n and_o his_o assessor_n who_o be_v regent_n in_o the_o college_n be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n the_o mandarin_n that_o compose_v the_o tribunal_n call_v tu_fw-la cha_fw-mi yuen_v be_v controller_n of_o the_o court_n and_o of_o all_o the_o empire_n the_o precedent_n be_v equal_a in_o dignity_n to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n so_o that_o he_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o second_o degree_n his_o first_o assessor_n be_v of_o the_o three_o and_o his_o second_o assistant_n of_o the_o four_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o of_o great_a authority_n be_v of_o the_o seven_o order_n their_o employment_n be_v to_o take_v care_n both_o at_o court_n and_o over_o all_o the_o empire_n that_o the_o law_n and_o good_a custom_n be_v strict_o observe_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o the_o mandarin_n perform_v their_o function_n just_o and_o true_o and_o that_o the_o people_n do_v their_o duty_n they_o punish_v slight_a fault_n in_o their_o own_o tribunal_n and_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o great_a offence_n every_o three_o year_n they_o make_v a_o general_a visitation_n send_v fourteen_o visitor_n abroad_o that_o be_v one_o for_o every_o province_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o visitor_n enter_v the_o province_n they_o be_v superior_a to_o the_o viceroy_n and_o other_o mandarin_n as_o well_o the_o great_a as_o the_o petty_a one_o and_o they_o control_v they_o with_o so_o much_o majesty_n authority_n and_o rigour_n that_o the_o dread_n wherein_o the_o mandarin_n stand_v of_o they_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o this_o usual_a proverb_n among_o the_o chinese_n lao_n xu_o kien_n mao_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o rat_n have_v see_v the_o cat._n nor_o be_v it_o without_o reason_n that_o they_o stand_v in_o so_o much_o awe_n of_o they_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o take_v away_o their_o employment_n and_o ruin_v their_o person_n the_o visitation_n be_v finish_v they_o return_v to_o court_n general_o load_v with_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n more_o or_o less_o which_o the_o mandarin_n give_v they_o for_o they_o that_o be_v guilty_a will_v bleed_v very_o free_o for_o fear_n they_o shall_v be_v accuse_v to_o the_o king._n other_o be_v more_o spare_v but_o give_v however_o to_o prevent_v the_o invent_v of_o accusation_n against_o they_o at_o their_o return_n they_o divide_v their_o spoil_n with_o the_o first_o precedent_n and_o his_o assistant_n and_o after_o that_o give_v both_o they_o and_o the_o king_n a_o account_n of_o their_o visitation_n generally_n they_o never_o impeach_v any_o one_o of_o the_o mandarin_n but_o such_o who_o injustice_n and_o tyranny_n be_v so_o public_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceal_v they_o or_o such_o who_o through_o their_o virtue_n or_o their_o poverty_n be_v not_o able_a to_o gratify_v their_o avarice_n this_o visitation_n be_v call_v ta_o chai_n or_o the_o great_a and_o general_a visitation_n the_o second_o tribunal_n make_v a_o second_o tribunal_n every_o year_n which_o be_v call_v chum_n chai_n or_o the_o middle_a super-visor_n this_o tribunal_n also_o send_v visitor_n to_o nine_o quarter_n of_o the_o frontier_n on_o that_o side_n which_o be_v next_o the_o vast_a wall_n that_o separate_a china_n from_o tartary_n they_o send_v other_o visitor_n to_o the_o salt_n pit_n which_o yield_v