Selected quad for the lemma: book_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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Title |
Author |
Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) |
STC |
Words |
Pages |
A10733
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The logicians school-master: or, A comment vpon Ramus logicke. By Mr. Alexander Richardson sometime of Queenes Colledge in Cambridge
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Richardson, Alexander, of Queen's College, Cambridge.
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1629
(1629)
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STC 21012; ESTC S115931
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204,874
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346
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ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d now_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v more_o general_a because_o the_o thing_n must_v first_o be_v carry_v to_o i_o before_o i_o can_v deliver_v it_o to_o another_o again_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n in_o every_o thing_n and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o be_v there_o whereas_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v therefore_o general_a because_o it_o may_v be_v every_o where_o but_o be_v not_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o see_v any_o thing_n without_o there_o be_v reason_n in_o it_o ergo_fw-la logic_n the_o art_n that_o make_v it_o be_v most_o general_a and_o omnium_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o therefore_o by_o nature_n be_v first_o for_o other_o art_n can_v be_v without_o it_o that_o may_v be_v without_o they_o and_o thus_o now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o logic_n the_o logician_n schoolmaster_n the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._o dialectica_fw-la est_fw-la ars_fw-la bene_fw-la disserendi_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v what_o encuclopaidia_n be_v and_o of_o ars_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o it_o be_v res_n that_o have_v a_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d we_o have_v hear_v moreover_o the_o affection_n of_o art_n and_o the_o species_n of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v general_a of_o the_o thing_n act_v or_o special_a of_o the_o thing_n act_v now_o than_o the_o first_o thing_n in_o nature_n be_v reason_n and_o here_o remember_v what_o we_o hear_v before_o that_o we_o may_v see_v as_o god_n govern_v thing_n in_o general_a by_o art_n so_o in_o special_a reason_n by_o logic_n and_o it_o be_v most_o general_a because_o it_o be_v of_o most_o general_a use_n not_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o precept_n for_o so_o it_o be_v as_o special_a as_o any_o but_o for_o use_v because_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o without_o logic_n yet_o logic_n may_v be_v without_o speech_n quantity_n etc._n etc._n ergo_fw-la this_o be_v most_o general_a now_o true_a it_o be_v that_o this_o as_o also_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d proceed_v from_o the_o thing_n in_o nature_n yet_o logic_n be_v more_o general_a than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o use_n for_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o in_o speech_n in_o quantity_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o look_v where_o any_o art_n be_v there_o logic_n be_v but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o where_o logic_n be_v there_o arithmetic_n geometry_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v again_o it_o please_v the_o lord_n to_o make_v man_n his_o steward_n under_o he_o over_o all_o the_o creature_n ergo_fw-la in_o this_o respect_n it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v behold_v all_o the_o creature_n to_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o principal_a lord_n therefore_o he_o must_v first_o see_v they_o therefore_o must_v be_v prepare_v with_o such_o a_o faculty_n that_o he_o may_v see_v all_o thing_n by_o it_o now_o this_o be_v omnium_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o art_n i_o show_v it_o thus_o if_o there_o be_v reason_n than_o there_o be_v a_o art_n of_o it_o because_o reason_n be_v ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la and_o it_o be_v for_o a_o end_n therefore_o there_o must_v be_v that_o art_n that_o be_v of_o reason_n act_n for_o the_o proposition_n i_o prove_v it_o before_o for_o reason_n be_v for_o a_o end_n for_o the_o assumption_n none_o will_v deny_v but_o that_o there_o be_v reason_n if_o they_o will_v acknowledge_v themselves_o to_o be_v but_o man_n our_o author_n call_v this_o art_n dialectica_fw-la which_o come_v of_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d signify_v secerno_fw-la separo_fw-la seligo_fw-la as_o for_o example_n if_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n together_o i_o will_v severe_a they_o and_o this_o name_n fit_v reason_n act_n very_o well_o for_o logic_n be_v like_o a_o fire_n among_o the_o chemist_n for_o as_o fire_v will_n congregare_fw-la homogenia_fw-la and_o segregare_fw-la heterogenia_fw-la so_o logic_n be_v the_o fire_n of_o all_o art_n sever_n in_o the_o same_o act_n that_o fire_n do_v logic_n from_o grammar_n and_o rhetoric_n from_o both_o etc._n etc._n and_o then_o it_o congregate_n to_o logic_n that_o which_o be_v congreans_n to_o it_o to_o grammar_n that_o which_o be_v homogenie_n to_o it_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o when_o it_o invent_v it_o pick_v out_o homogeny_n it_o dispose_v they_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o several_a place_n therefore_o this_o name_n dialectica_fw-la be_v very_o fit_o give_v to_o this_o art_n that_o work_v this_o wonderful_a effect_n wonderful_a i_o may_v call_v it_o for_o the_o chemist_n can_v do_v great_a effect_n but_o the_o logician_n can_v do_v great_a for_o they_o can_v see_v god_n logic_n in_o the_o thing_n and_o have_v not_o man_n fall_v he_o may_v have_v come_v to_o have_v see_v all_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o the_o creature_n now_o if_o logic_n do_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v congregare_fw-la homogenia_fw-la and_o segregare_fw-la heterogenia_fw-la by_o the_o same_o effect_n it_o may_v fit_o be_v so_o call_v now_o this_o art_n be_v so_o call_v say_v diogenes_n laertius_n first_o by_o plato_n if_o he_o be_v the_o author_n he_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o aristotle_n and_o antiquity_n shall_v have_v honour_n with_o good_a reason_n if_o we_o have_v any_o reason_n nay_o geometry_n be_v so_o call_v from_o its_o subject_n rather_o not_o metiri_fw-la from_o antiquity_n but_o zenophon_n in_o his_o four_o book_n of_o remembrance_n say_v that_o socrates_n be_v plato_n schoolmaster_n and_o he_o never_o write_v any_o thing_n but_o plato_n always_o so_o that_o socrates_n may_v read_v it_o and_o zenophon_n hear_v it_o for_o he_o be_v his_o scholar_n for_o zenophon_n &_o plato_n fuere_fw-la aequales_fw-la and_o diogenes_n laertius_n may_v read_v it_o in_o plato_n as_o he_o have_v note_v it_o from_o socrates_n and_o the_o oracle_n witness_v that_o socrates_n be_v the_o wise_a man_n in_o his_o time_n and_o he_o be_v more_o wise_a than_o aristotle_n for_o plato_n that_o be_v socrates_n scholar_n be_v his_o master_n so_o that_o for_o this_o name_n we_o see_v how_o fit_o it_o agree_v to_o this_o art_n and_o also_o the_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o antiquity_n now_o aristotle_n call_v it_o logic_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o name_n be_v good_a but_o it_o be_v late_a as_o laertius_n witness_v that_o aristotle_n give_v it_o first_o but_o it_o be_v from_o the_o subject_a reason_n as_o the_o name_n of_o most_o art_n be_v arithmetic_n of_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d numerus_fw-la geometry_n of_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d terra_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o it_o do_v not_o so_o lively_a name_n this_o art_n as_o dialectica_fw-la do_v which_o name_v the_o life_n and_o deliver_v the_o quintessence_n of_o logic_n so_o that_o logica_fw-la as_o it_o be_v coniugare_a of_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d name_v it_o well_o but_o do_v not_o set_v it_o out_o with_o that_o vigour_n that_o dialectica_fw-la do_v so_o thus_o we_o see_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n est_fw-la ars_fw-la what_o art_n be_v we_o hear_v before_o this_o it_o be_v every_o thing_n have_v a_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o be_v accomplish_v by_o many_o petty_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o cause_v the_o precept_n of_o art_n to_o be_v answerable_a thereunto_o so_o that_o logick_n main_a end_n be_v be_v disserere_fw-la bene_fw-la invenire_fw-la and_o bene_fw-la iudicare_fw-la be_v the_o petty_a act_n of_o it_o now_o if_o logica_fw-la and_o dialectica_fw-la show_v the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o frame_v of_o man_n reason_n and_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o chief_a end_n its_o happiness_n where_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d rest_v than_o it_o be_v arse_n at_o ergo_fw-la est_fw-la ars_fw-la bene_fw-la disserendi_fw-la first_o disserendi_fw-la for_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o word_n dissero_fw-la come_v of_o this_fw-mi and_o sero_fw-la sero_fw-la signify_v first_o to_o sow_v and_o this_o a_o sunder_o or_o dissero_fw-la that_o make_v disserui_fw-la to_o sow_v asunder_o whether_o it_o be_v so_o use_v i_o find_v not_o i_o for_o my_o part_n ever_o read_v it_o in_o this_o logical_a signification_n and_o that_o which_o i_o tell_v you_o of_o concern_v dilectica_fw-la be_v true_a of_o this_o that_o as_o there_o be_v thing_n to_o be_v sow_v and_o a_o satio_fw-la secernendorum_fw-la and_o a_o sow_v they_o asunder_o so_o there_o be_v first_o semina_fw-la which_o be_v argument_n in_o invention_n second_o a_o satio_fw-la of_o they_o that_o be_v a_o dispose_n of_o they_o axiomatical_o and_o syllogistcal_o and_o last_o a_o dissetio_fw-la that_o be_v a_o dispose_n of_o they_o according_a to_o true_a method_n and_o order_n so_o that_o in_o this_o disserere_fw-la we_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o
art_n id_fw-la appellatur_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d per_fw-la se_fw-la the_o rule_n of_o justice_n that_o we_o give_v to_o every_o thing_n that_o which_o be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la true_a and_o homogeny_n as_o longitude_n be_v in_o the_o superficies_n but_o not_o per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o per_fw-la aliud_fw-la for_o so_o per_fw-mi se_fw-mi here_o be_v not_o oppose_v to_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la but_o to_o per_fw-la aliud_fw-la axioma_fw-la catholicum_fw-la est_fw-la quando_fw-la consequens_fw-la semper_fw-la verum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la antecedente_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la omni_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la reciprocè_fw-la ut_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n rationale_fw-la a_o catholic_a axiom_n this_o name_n be_v somewhat_o improper_a for_o it_o do_v not_o contain_v all_o that_o be_v in_o a_o catholic_a axiom_n as_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d do_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v primum_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d de_fw-fr toto_fw-la so_o that_o this_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d first_o true_a of_o the_o whole_a and_o afterward_o of_o the_o part_n kickerman_n say_v that_o aristotle_n take_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d for_o the_o same_o but_o he_o neither_o say_v so_o nor_o mean_n so_o quando_fw-la consequens_fw-la semper_fw-la verum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o consequens_fw-la he_o mean_v a_o argument_n now_o can_v a_o argument_n be_v true_a here_o he_o take_v verum_fw-la in_o a_o more_o large_a sense_n then_o before_o he_o mean_v when_o the_o part_n do_v so_o true_o predicate_v one_o of_o another_o as_o that_o they_o make_v a_o true_a axiom_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d non_fw-la solum_fw-la omni_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la reciprocè_fw-la that_o be_v when_o one_o part_n contain_v the_o other_o so_o that_o one_o will_v think_v reciprocation_n may_v be_v a_o affection_n of_o subiectum_fw-la and_o proprium_fw-la adiunctum_fw-la in_o invention_n it_o be_v true_a that_o one_o contain_v as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o but_o the_o subject_n and_o proper_a adjunct_n be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o definitio_fw-la and_o definitum_fw-la be_v for_o homo_fw-la and_o risus_fw-la be_v not_o all_o one_o but_o here_o reciprocation_n be_v between_o subiectum_fw-la and_o adiunctum_fw-la because_o notwithstanding_o they_o be_v diverse_a thing_n yet_o the_o one_o contain_v as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o so_o that_o this_o reciprocation_n be_v more_o general_a then_o that_o before_o so_o that_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n be_v these_o three_o namely_o definition_n distribution_n and_o property_n and_o every_o rule_n of_o art_n must_v be_v most_o true_a most_o just_a and_o most_o wise_a because_o the_o axiom_n must_v stay_v up_o the_o thing_n to_o guide_v it_o to_o his_o end_n tres_fw-fr hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la documentorum_fw-la artis_fw-la propriorum_fw-la prima_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d lex_fw-la veritas_fw-la secunda_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d lex_fw-la iustitiae_fw-la tertia_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d lex_fw-la sapientiae_fw-la dicatur_fw-la so_o that_o these_o three_o property_n be_v require_v in_o every_o rule_n of_o art_n atque_fw-la eiusmodi_fw-la axiomatum_n ita_fw-la catholicorum_fw-la iudicium_fw-la verissima_fw-la &_o prima_fw-la scientia_fw-la est_fw-la so_o that_o the_o judgement_n of_o such_o catholic_a axiom_n be_v prima_fw-la verissimaque_fw-la scientia_fw-la and_o all_o other_o be_v but_o second_v or_o three_o truth_n as_o they_o be_v deduct_v from_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o and_o be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la so_o far_o forth_o true_a as_o their_o first_o rule_n be_v true_a hence_o whatsoever_o we_o read_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o if_o we_o mark_v it_o to_o be_v either_o a_o rule_n of_o art_n or_o some_o deduct_v so_o that_o the_o head_n of_o art_n shall_v be_v the_o head_n of_o common_a place_n book_n and_o so_o may_v we_o bring_v all_o that_o we_o read_v unto_o they_o and_o try_v they_o now_o some_o say_v that_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d contain_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ergo_fw-la they_o may_v be_v leave_v out_o ans_fw-fr it_o do_v not_o follow_v for_o these_o three_o be_v distinct_a thing_n for_o as_o it_o be_v reciprocum_fw-la it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o same_o respect_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d etc._n etc._n again_o a_o axiom_n may_v be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o yet_o not_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d etc._n etc._n so_o also_o a_o axiom_n may_v break_v the_o rule_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o yet_o not_o break_v the_o rule_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d etc._n etc._n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v leave_v out_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o rule_n to_o show_v such_o axiom_n to_o be_v false_a cap._n 4._o de_fw-fr axiomate_fw-la simplici_fw-la atque_fw-la haec_fw-la de_fw-la communibus_fw-la axiomatis_fw-la affectionibus_fw-la species_n sequuntur_fw-la we_o have_v hitherto_o hear_v of_o whatsoever_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d to_o a_o axiom_n in_o general_a for_o though_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d belong_v only_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n yet_o because_o they_o may_v be_v simple_a or_o composite_a axiom_n ergo_fw-la they_o be_v general_o to_o be_v teach_v to_o they_o both_o the_o judgement_n moreover_o of_o such_o axiom_n be_v prima_fw-la verissimaque_fw-la scientia_fw-la prima_fw-la because_o that_o be_v first_o and_o per_fw-la se_fw-la true_a and_o most_o true_a because_o all_o other_o deduct_n do_v so_o far_o forth_o approve_v themselves_o true_a as_o they_o agree_v to_o the_o first_o and_o these_o first_o rule_n be_v few_o therefore_o they_o come_v near_a to_o god_n who_o be_v but_o one_o and_o be_v next_o to_o his_o wisdom_n other_o which_o be_v deduct_n may_v be_v many_o and_o they_o come_v next_o to_o the_o first_o rule_n we_o have_v among_o we_o a_o distinction_n of_o doctrine_n and_o use_v doctrina_fw-la be_v proper_o the_o first_o rule_n of_o art_n and_o use_n be_v the_o application_n thereof_o or_o the_o special_a deduct_n gather_v from_o the_o first_o other_o i_o find_v take_v doctrina_fw-la for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o divinity_n and_o use_v for_o the_o special_a practice_n of_o a_o rule_n of_o art_n but_o they_o be_v deceive_v and_o speak_v improper_o and_o all_o the_o rule_n that_o kickerman_n say_v be_v want_v in_o ramus_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o practice_n of_o a_o rule_n that_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o they_o be_v infinite_a as_o posita_fw-la causa_fw-la ponitur_fw-la effectum_fw-la this_o arise_v from_o the_o definition_n of_o causa_fw-la and_o it_o be_v only_o true_a where_o the_o cause_n be_v bring_v as_o a_o three_o argument_n in_o a_o syllogism_n and_o otherwise_o we_o have_v no_o use_n of_o it_o and_o have_v handle_v all_o that_o be_v general_a to_o a_o axiom_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o species_n atque_fw-la haec_fw-la de_fw-la communibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v a_o transition_n not_o from_o one_o part_n of_o a_o axiom_n to_o another_o for_o those_o thing_n that_o we_o hear_v of_o before_o touch_v a_o axiom_n be_v but_o adjunct_n to_o a_o axiom_n therefore_o must_v not_o be_v sever_v from_o their_o subject_n but_o because_o these_o have_v take_v up_o two_o chapter_n and_o so_o continue_v the_o doctrine_n of_o axioma_fw-la long_o why_o we_o may_v have_v forget_v ourselves_o think_v we_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o species_n already_o no_o say_v ramus_n we_o come_v but_o now_o to_o the_o species_n axioma_fw-la est_fw-la simplex_fw-la aut_fw-la compositum_fw-la disposition_n we_o hear_v do_v dispose_v argument_n either_o first_o or_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n in_o a_o axiom_n they_o be_v dispose_v either_o one_o with_o one_o or_o one_o with_o more_o or_o more_o with_o more_o if_o one_o be_v dispose_v with_o one_o so_o that_o there_o be_v but_o two_o side_n as_o it_o be_v play_v at_o two_o hand_n ruff_n than_o it_o be_v a_o simple_a axiom_n and_o from_o this_o simple_a disposition_n of_o the_o argument_n it_o be_v call_v simplex_fw-la compositum_fw-la contra_fw-la so_o that_o this_o double_a disposition_n of_o argument_n make_v this_o distribution_n whereas_o affirmatum_fw-la negatum_fw-la and_o the_o other_o adjunct_n before_o rather_o look_v at_o the_o band_n then_o at_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o argument_n so_o that_o axiomatica_fw-la dispositio_fw-la be_v simplex_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o simple_a disposition_n of_o the_o argument_n that_o be_v dispose_v therein_o simplex_n quod_fw-la verbi_fw-la vinculo_fw-la continetur_fw-la simplex_n be_v first_o because_o there_o can_v be_v a_o composite_a axiom_n but_o there_o will_v be_v a_o simple_a axiom_n and_o the_o composite_a be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o manifold_a simple_a verbi_fw-la vinculo_fw-la he_o define_v it_o from_o the_o band_n not_o that_o it_o arise_v from_o thence_o but_o because_o a_o verb_n fall_v out_o to_o tie_v one_o axiom_n to_o one_o