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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02045	The castel of memorie wherein is conteyned the restoring, augmenting, and conseruing of the memorye and remembraunce, with the safest remedies, and best preceptes therevnto in any wise apperteyning: made by Gulielmus Gratarolus Bergomatis Doctor of Artes and Phisike. Englished by Willyam Fulvvod. The contentes whereof appeare in the page next folovvynge.; De memoria reparanda. English	Gratarolo, Guglielmo, 1516?-1568?; Fulwood, William.	1562 (1562)	STC 12191; ESTC S117976	36,540	132

THE CASTEL OF Memorie wherein is conteyned the restoring augmenting and conseruing of the Memorye and Remembraunce with the safest remedies and best preceptes therevnto in any wise apperteyning Made by Guliolmus Gratarolus Bergomatis Doctor of Artes and Phisi\ke Englished by Willyam Fulwod The Contentes whereof appeare in the Page next folowynge AFTER DARKNES LIGHT POST TENEBRAS LVX Printed at Londō by Rouland Hall dwellynge in Gutter lane at the signe of the half Egle the Keye 1562. THE CONTENTES The j. Chapter declareth what Memory is where it florisheth how profitable and necessary it is c. The ij conteineth the chiefe causes where by the Memorie is hurte with theyr sygnes and cures The iij. shevveth the principall endomages of the Memorie in what sort soeuer they be The iiij telleth lykewise the perticular helpes of the Memorye The v. cōprehendeth certayne best approued and chosen medicinable compounded remedies and preseruatiues greatly encreasyng the Memorie The vj. expresseth Philosophicall Iudgementes Rules and Preceptes of Remembraunce The vij Chap. entreateth in fewe wordes of locall or artificiall Memory Last of all is ●ut a ●●●…fe Epilogue of the foresayde thynges To the right honorable the Lorde Robert Dudley Maister of the Queenes Maiesties horse and Knight of the most noble order of the Garter Willyam Fulwod hartely wisheth long lyfe with encrease of godlye honour and eternal felicitie SIth noble Maximilian king of Boemia Defended hath this worthy worke in Latin toung I saic Sith that also the godly prince Edward our late good king In French the same accepted hath as a right nedefull thing I thought therfore my duty was most honorable Lorde Soure worthy captain now to chuse who with benigne accorde In English wold vouchsafe to saue this Castle from decay Protecting it from enuious toungs that runne at large alway But whom might I rather elect my Patrone now to bee Then one who doth most mē excell in perfect clemencie In feruent zeale to godlynes In fauour of the iust In forwardnes to all good works the truth this tell needs must A note of highe Nobility a vertuous one in deed Whose good report hath caused me thus boldly to proceed Right happy sure may be y t realme and praise to god extend Wherin such prudēt peeres do rule as Moses doth commend Yea blest it is of God the lorde that hath such worthy states Who righteousnes rightly exaltes and wickednes abates These golden giftes of godly grace thus planted in your brest Haue forced me to flie for ayde where plenty is exprest Receue therfore o worthy Lorde an humble harte and true Protect also the Patronage which I submitte to you And graūt y t these my labors small may passe vnder your name Sith that this worke descēded hath from Princes of great fame For though that all Forgetfulnes be banisht from you quyte Yet hope I that this Treatise shall you honor much delyte Considering well the worthines of perfect Memory And what effect it furnisheth in all affayres for why Lyke as Obliuion is the losse of high renoumed actes And causeth many worthy wightes forgo both fame and factes Lyke as it is an eatyng moth and sore corrupting rust Abasyng things of noble state no better then to dust Lyke as it is a Chaos great confusedly compact Wherin al things both good had haue true proporcion lackt So Memorie doth still preserue eche thing in his degree And rendreth vnto euery one his doughty dignitie So doth it pourge ech mans estate and skoureth it full bright Wherby appeares as in a glasse his liuely shining light So doth it geue and attribute to good thinges good report To bad lykewise as they deserue in iust and equall sort How can y t Iudge iuste iudgement geue except he call to mynde The matters hanging diuersly the truth thereby to fynde Howe shall the Preacher wel recite his matters orderlie If that he be forgetfull of his places what they bee How can y t Captayn well conduct his soldiers in array Or els preuent his ennemyes yf Memory be away How shal the Marchant safely kepe his recknings from decay If his Remēbrance shuld him fayle though writīg beare great sway How can y t Lawyer plead his cause before the iustyce seat If he his clyents matters shall at any tyme forgeat How shall the Husbandanā prouide all seasons to obserue If he do not remember well or any wise doe swerue How needfull then is Memorye to rule a publike weale In things deuyne eke prophane God graunt it neuer fayle Or how can it at any tyme be spared in the fielde That is so requysite at home and strong defending shielde A good wit sone may learne things and vnderstand the same But them still to retayne and keep in such order and frame That nothing be wanting therof when iust occasion shall Procure rehearsall of such thinges as did to vs befall Is thoffice of the Memorie the greatest gifte that can Here in this world by any meanes come vnto mortall man For what helps it good bokes to read or noble storyes large Except a perfect Memorye doe take therof the charge What profits is most worthy thīges to see or els to heare If that the same come in at thone and out at thother eare Why then the matter is so playn that need a perfect ground Doth vs compell to say no lesse when truth is truly found Therfore I breifly thus conclude take Memorye away What is a man what can be doe or els what can he say Restore the same to him againe in full integrytie It will him sone reduce in dede to all felicytie Wherin god graūt your honor may longe here with vs endure And afterwards in heauens hie emong the Angels pure Amen Your honors most humble Willyam Fulwod The Translator to the Reader earnestlye desyreth grace mercy and peace AMongest other there bee twoo seuerall causes good Reader whiche instigated me to enterprise and publishe the translation hereof Partly because of myne own exercise and commoditie But chiefely and especially for the common vtilitie and profite of my natiue countrey The aduauncement and benefite whereof euery man is bound bothe by nature conscience to study for all meanes possible to the vttermost of his power and for that purpose to distribute accordynge to the greatnes or smalnes of the talent ministred lent vnto him to the end that the same be it neuer so lytle yf it maye in anye wise profite doe not remaine in him as dead and frustrate but rather that it be bestowed forthe to encrease and fructifie Consideryng in deede that as Plato sayeth Non solum nobis sumus ortusque nostri partem patrīa vendicat partem parentes partem amici Accept therefore in good part gentle Reader my labours suche as they be wherein yf thou shalte fynde any thing either not easye to be come by or obscure and darke to thyne vnderstandynge as perchaunce

aswell in Thucidides in his seconde booke belli Pelop. as in others a certeine person beinge striken with a stone forgat onely his learninge being fallen from a hye house loste the remembraunce of his mother kinsfolkes and neighbours also Messala Coruinus the Orator forgat his owne name Beholde therefore how fraile this most precious treasure of man is Memorie as Seneca witnesseth is the principall commoditie and profit that mans nature can receyue for it is an easie matter for studious persons to read many thinges and it is not difficile for a good and an exercised wit to vnderstande the same but to heape them together and to conscrue them in the coffre or secrete of the Memorie in suche sorte that thei slippe not away is the most necessarye and principall goodnes of mans lyfe As Plinius reherseth in his .vii. booke the .xxiiii. Chapter Cyrus king of the Persians called all his souldiours name by name Mithridates also who was king of two and twenty nations did vnderstande and answere so manye languages without an Interpretor there wanteth no examples of the excellentnes of Memorie whiche men haue had almost in all tymes They therefore whyche haue not so excellent a Memorye muste by labor get the same withoute the whiche a man shall scarce attayne vnto anye perfectiō for it chaūceth many times that somuch the more that a man excelleth in Memorie he also somuche the more florisheth in wisdom except it be some sluggishe or idle personne And y t Poetes not w tout a cause haue feyned wisdome to be y t doughter of Memory of her it is rightly writtē By painefull vse begot I was a worthy wyght and cleare By Memorye brought forth no lesse who is my mother deare Diuers aged persōs vsing this practise applieng thēselues to study haue in fewe monethes proceded learned Therefore we will declare in this worke by what meanes it maye be gotten encreased and kepte For it is manifest by dyuers learned men as also by Cicero that Memorye hath a certayne cunning or practise and that it procedeth not altogether of nature so therefore we will first teache by what kynde of lyuynge and by what medecines it maye be gotten and established expressing briefe excellent and by vse approued preceptes Afterwardes we will breifly entreat of artificiall Memory which of it selfe is naturall but it is confirmed by certayne preceptes and consisteth in obseruations places and Images or figures THE SECONDE CHAPTER containeth the cheife causes whereby the Memorie is hurte with their fignes and cures THere be two principal causes which hurte the Memorye to witte coldnes and moystnes the whiche coldenes is either alone or els ioyned with moystnes we wil omitte to speake of the corruption whiche commeth of ouer muche heat and drynes Yet coldenes hurtethe more then moystenes for coldenes doth confound the nature worketh not in it but as an vnder rulinge instrument And moistnes is contrary to the retentyue the whiche is comforted with a proportioned drines for superfluous drynes is hurtfull especially to the apprehension whilest it hindereth that formes or likenesses can not be receiued and setled in the same It is the nature of coldenes to ceasse and of heat to moue therefore coldenes hindereth the mouinge necessarie to the Memory And moistenes hindereth the retayning thereof To be breife seing that forgetfulnes is the doughter of coldenes as Paulus Aegineta and others doe testifie it is to be said affirmed that coldenes more hurteth the Memorie then moystenes For the figure or kynde of coldnes which congeleth humors and spirites can not be conceaued The slepings also of such whose Memorie or vnderstading perisheth are to be obserued to witt whether they be vehement or moderate slepers or altogether not slepie but haue it according to the course of nature And so shall you fynde vntemperatenes the vanquisher and shall knowe also that moystnes drines be the contraries moistnes because of ouer much slepe drynes because of ouer muche watchinge and that of the meane of these twoo equalitie and the good proportion of humours procedeth Moreouer it is to be considered whether any thinge be voyded out of the nostrells or mouthe that commethe from the head or whether those places be altogether drye or but partly the knowledge of whiche precedent causes and showes will geue to vnderstand the disposition of the head whereby mai be ministred a fitte remedye according to the disposition of the personne They that haue greate Moystenes of the brayne are verye desyrous of muche sleepe whose mouthes are full of spittle and their Nostrells and eyes frequented with fleame all their Motions are dulle Suche kynde of people doe remember thinges present and lately done but being done long agone they doe either neuer or with great paine remember them For suche is the nature of moystenes of the brayne that it easelye receyuethe what imprintings or infixions it listeth and with like easenes loseth them againe Wheras drines ruleth or reigneth whiche is contrary to moistenes it is knowen by the contrarie signes the head shalbe geuē to watchinges and lightnes and seldome doth the nose the roufe of the mouthe and the eies expell such superfluities the eyes are holowe they sone become balde the eares abound with earwaxe And as concerninge that it appertayneth to the Memorie present thinges are w c more difficultie receiued or infixed then things past and being receiued they doe longer abyde whereof it cōmeth to passe that we haue a better Memory vtterance of olde things then of newe Ancient men may herin be an example vnto vs who will orderly recyte feates done from the beginninge of their age but present thinges they eyther doe not remember or els doe confounde them in vtterig And this happeneth vnto aged men because that the state or disposinge procedeth of frequented actes wherby it commeth to passe that extreme olde men doe well remember auncient thinges because they haue often pondered either them or y t like But they doe yll remember newe thinges because that the imprinting of them in theyr Memorie is not easye by reason of the hardnes of the instrument of vnderstanding Where as Coldenes ruleth there the face is white the eyes are feeble the veynes can not easely be perceyued they be geuen to muche flepe those partes that belonge to the head shalbe but litle warme nor ruddye the minde shalbe astonyed the head troubled with gyddinesse and shall bring things to remembraunce with muche a doe Thys qualitye as we haue said before is very hurtful and dothe diminishe the powers of the minde and maketh them dull for as it is the propertie of heat to moue so is it the nature of coldenes to hinder the mouing and take this for a generall rule that the braine of a liuinge body is warmer with a somers aire then otherwyse as also Galenus saith in his booke De vsu

in Vinegre and layed to the Nostrelles of the Pacient annoynt the roufe of the mouth with verye 〈◊〉 or sharpe medecines Also in the sommer tyme annoynt the out syde of the head with warme Oyle as w t Oyle of Rue Oyle of Dill c. And in the Winter tyme wyth the Oyle of Flowerdeluce in the which there shalbe sodden commen Sauory or bush Calamint Pepper Bay berries in puttyng to a lytle Vinegre for to make it perce Also Oyle of Castoreum shalbe verye good to anoynt the hynder parte of the head withall or suche an oyntment as foloweth Take oyle of Tyles of Castoreū either of them halfe an vnce of the rootes of Acorus or greate Galingale of Phu or Valerian either of them a scruple of Pellitorie of Rue or Herbe grace either of them half a scruple with as much waxe as shal suffice Let there be made an oyntment with the whiche the head being shauen shalbe annoynted and therevpon let there be layed a lytle bagge within the which there muste be of the flowers of Rosemarye of Baulme gentle of Lauander ech of them half a handfull of the flowers of an Elder tree a handful of Stichas iij. drammes of Nutmygges of Lignum Aloes of Maces ech of them a scruple beinge beaten together let them be put into a silke bagge Another ointment greatly helping the diminution of the Memorye and forgetfulnes ¶ Take oyle of Elder flowers an vnce oyle of Been .ii. vnces oyle of Euforbium oyle of Castoreum either of them halfe an vnce Vinegre .iii. drammes mingle them together let the place be anoynted therwithal Also oyle of philosophers so called of Mesue being anoynted vpon the hinder part of the heade dothe wonderfully repare the Memorye Another oyntment ¶ Take y t rootes of Rew Buglosse Phu or Valerian with the rootes eche of them .iiij. vnces of oyle of Castoreum of ij or .iij. yeares olde of the seede of Ashe kayes which is lyke to a byrdes tounge either of them two dragmes let them be made into pouder and mingled together then take of the iuyce of Eufragia or Eybryght of Clarie of Veruen ech of thē .iiij. vnces of the pithe of Anacardum an Vnce of the olde Grease of a male Beare asmuch as shal nede let there be made a moiste oyntment and put it in a copper or tinne vessell that it may remaine moiste for els it is nothing worthe and therwithal anoint the hinder part of y t head But if you will sonner helpe it or that the pacient haue a colder head and that it be in a colde tyme then let the nostrells within be anoynted with this odoriferous ointment Take oile of swets Spike an vnce Cloues a scruple Am bergrise halfe a scruple Muske fyue graines white Waxe asmuch as nedeth also a droppe of the same before the puttig in of y e wax being powred warme into the eares is verye good A plaister also of Mustarde of the which Mesue speaketh in the second description of the boke of Medicines is very expedient being laid to y e cold afflicted hinder part of the head or els oyle of Mustard seed● Also y e aforsaid medecines aswell as those y t folowe without anye former purgatiō are very good for them that are vexed w t coldenes alone without great ●●●●…es And besides these before rehersed there be other y t helpe in wardlye as righte Acorus preserued which I suppose to be Calamus aromaticus or Galyngalle Sugre flowers of Betonnye Rosemarye Lauander Spikenarde Baulme Gentle in puttynge to longe Peper Cloues Cinamom Nutmeges and such like odoriferous things Also Ginger preserned the quantitie of a filberde nut doth help much especially in a cold and moist ventricle as it is almost in all or in y t greater part of them that are troubled with suche cause dissease for it doth amend the Memory beinge taken in y t morning not in warme seasōs foure howers before meate This also doth not a litle help ¶ Take Frakensence Ciperus lōg Peper Saffron Mirrhe of ech alike mingle them w t Hony and of y t same take euery day a dramme at the howers aforsaid specially in y t mornig Another for y t same purpose cheifly working in aged persones ¶ Take of y e hony of Anacardum of whit Frākensence of Ciperus of right Acorus ech alike .ij. parts of round lōg Peper either alike .i. part of Mirobalanū cepulū ceruleum either alike .ij. partes of Cummin .i. part of Hony asmuch as shal serue let there be ministred .ij. dragmes euery morning Diambar also is very good Also a confection of Anacardū doth profit much yf it be wel made vsed vi monthes after for it sharpneth the witte sence and purifieth the vnder standing it calleth againe y t mind it healeth the lethargie goute it helpeth much y t dissease of the hentricle the bealy coming by coldnes but it is to be geuē to them y t be astonined y t haue a very colde reumy head And it is thus made takeof Mirobalanū empeliticū belezicū of white long Peper ech of thē xij drammes of Ginger of y t hony of Anacardū ei ther of thē an vnce of oile of Castoreum of Stirax or Storax of Cloues ech of thē v. drammes of the flowers of Camomil of Bay beries of Ciperus ech of thē iij. drammes of Hony asmuch as shall suffice mingle them after the maner of an electuary Let a scruple of it be ministred at nyght or the biggenes of a small or filberde nutte that is halfe a Dramme with warme wyne of the decoctyon of Anyse and Fenell seedes it maye also be taken in the morning But let theim that take it refraine from fleumatyke meates from anger from lecherye and dronckenes And before that Anacards be put into anye compounde Medecynes they muste be dressed in thys maner that foloweth Take Anacards and beate theym verye well in a Morter and then put them in moste stronge Vinaigre by the space of seuen dayes then seeth theym wythe a softe fyer in the same Vynaygre tyll there remaine but the thyrde parte of the Vinaygre then strayne the Groundes thereof whyche remayne in the botome of the vessell after that the Vinaygre is firste lyghtelye strayned or powred oute and those groundes beynge putte through the strainer or Colander occupye theym in medecynes for also the fruytes of Anacrds are not putte in medecynes to be taken at the mouth excepte they be firste dressed in this or like maner Yf so be you wyll make Honny of Anacardum you muste putte wythe the same Anacardum so sodoen in Vynaygre asmuche claryfyed Honnye and lette theym boyle bothe together tyll they be thycke and so shall youe haue Honnye of Anacardum the whiche hathe a wounderfull operatyon in the foresayde dysseases yf you geue thereof a Drammo or two in the mornyng In Sycylya whyleste the Anacardij be newe they are putte into puryfyed Honny and doe