agreeable to a German Soul At another Place the Water comes up through a Pipe very quick and raiseâ— a wooden Ball about Four Foot high from the top of the Pipe and keeps it at that heighth twirling in the Air. As one enters this Place there stands an Obelisk of Stone on the Pedestal are laid five great Globes of Stone and upon them the tall Pillar stands At the top of this is an Effigies of Prince Maurice of polish'd Steel The Memory of this great Man is very fresh and much honour'd here and we shall have something more to say of him anon In this City the Magistracy under the Electour of Brandenburg are of the Calvinist sort but he tolerates every other sort of Religion here with the Indifferency of the Dutch in that matter The Anabaptists have a Congregation here The Protestants have a good large Church encompass'd with a Church-Yard but the Papists are a great Proportion of the People of the City They are in Possession of the great Church as 't is call'd and of the Revenues belonging to it This stands high and is visible long before one comes to the City by two Turrets at the West end of it This is a Collegiate Church and entertains about fifteen Chanoines The Person that show'd it us said they possess all the Revenue that they ever had but it is but small We saw nothing fine in the Church but all was in a pretty good Condition There are two large Monuments of Dukes of Cleve which contain them and their Dutchesses and their Children but are very naked and plain Here they pretend to have the Relicks of some of the famous Companions of St. Ursula who St. Uâ—sula were says Story but Eleven thousand in all and all Virgins they came from Brittaine were taken in a Storm at Sea and drove above an hundred Miles within Land up the Rhine to the Country near Colen There they died all together by the barbarous Huns and Alans when they over-run that Country Some think that the making them amount to so extravagant a Number was occasion'd by mistake and that they were indeed but Eleven in all besides St. Ursula Some ignorant Monk took these Notes XI M V as signifying Eleven thousand Virgins whereas they were intended to fignifie Eleven Martyr'd Virgins But however after him the infallible Tradition of the Roman Church votes for the greater Number among the People and the Governours of the Church are willing to let it run so because that Number will best serve to countenance the abundant Relicks of these Virgins which in many Places are pretended to Bishop Godeau says That in many Churches of France there are Heads shown which are pretended to have been the Heads of some of the Companions of St. Ursula In this Church within a strong Iron Grate to preserve these precious Relicks are seen a Number of Skulls I suppose about eight or nine which they say were the Heads of some of these Virgins and a multitude of little Pieces of Bones are laid up against the Wall which they pretend were theirs and under these things is a Tomb where they say three of their Bodies are interr'd The Church of Rome solemnly commemorates these Virgins on the 21st of October but under the Name of St. Ursula and her Companions without determining the Number because though they believe it not themselves they are willing to continue the pious Fraud if any such there be among their People In the Mass for the Day at a Venture they make the following Prayer O Lord our God may it please thee to grant us the Grace to Reverence with a continual Devotion the Victories of thy Holy Virgins and Martyrs Ursula and her Companions to the â—â—d that although we cannot worthily solemâ—â—â—e their Triumph we may nevertheless be faithful to render them our humble Respects by c. There is also an Order of Nuns that are particularly devoted to St. Ursula they are a Branch of the Augustines but distinguish themselves from the rest by their Devotion to St. Ursula we met with their Houses in many Places of this Journey They began in Italy 't is said where they were approv'd by Pope Gregory XIII in the Year 1572. Yet after all 't is most probable there never was any such Person and Godeau honestly says in his Church History that the Story is full of manifest Falsities I waited upon the Protestant Minister here Lutherans for the sake of seeing his Church and acquainting my self with their way of administring the publick Worship He receiv'd me very civilly and testified great Respects for the Church of England He has also mighty Veneration and Esteem for our King whose Renown and Praises he has publish'd in Latin and High Dutch Verse I saw in his House a Picture in black and white of Martin Luther it represented him with a fuller Face than I had seen before but he said it was very exactly taken from a Picture of him which had been drawn from the Life in the Country where he liv'd It was all done with a Pen and is no bigger then might be cover'd with a little Hand That which seem'd most curious in it is a small Writing in High Dutch Language but in Latin Letters so curiously laid about it that some very artificially makes the Folds of his Gown some is turn'd about upon his Head and makes a Bush of curl'd Hair and two Lines over each Eye form his Eye-brows The Writing contains several remarkable Passages of his Life As the Picture hung up against the Wall tho' but at a little Distance I could not perceive that any of this was Writing but when it was in my Hand I could distinguish the Letters plainly and spell the Words I went into his Church which is a good large one and will hold a multitude of People yet by the Encrease of his Congregation they are forc'd to enlarge their Room The Communion-Table stood here upon an Ascent of one Step at the East End of the Church The Book of Liturgy was upon it and is used there I saw it contain'd their Spiritual Songs and Psalms and Forms of Prayer Over it against the Wall was somewhat a confus'd Picture representing the Benefit which good Men received by the Blood of Christ before his Coming as well as in the Times of the Gospel It might be said to be an Emblem of that Text Jesus Christ the same yesterday to day and for ever Here again I understood that the Rites and Methods of Administring the Publick Worship in the Lutheran Congregations are different in several Provinces and Countries yet Lutherans wherever they come join with Lutherans and scruple not to conform to what they find practised in such indifferent Matters We were told of a small Collection of Roman Antiquities at a Place call'd Bergendale about a Mile from the City we went to it in the Way to Zante upon the Hill being charmed with the Pleasantness of it For
Government under which they hâ—d grown rich and flourish'd pull'd upon themselves their own Ruine by altering it and became intolerable to one another The City had utterly sunk by this means and made it self an heap of Rubbish if the Prince had not setled here an University which together with some little Linen-Trade is the present Suppott of it It is still as it has been formerly the Head-City of one of the Quarters of Brabant The University was erected here by John University Duke of Brabant in concurrence with Pope Martin the V. whose Bull to establish it bears date 1425. The Jurisdiction over all the Members of the University in all Causes Civil and Criminal and over all Persons whether Clergy or Laity was thereby given to the Rector for the time being and it was yielded by all Parties even by the Prince himself The Rector is chosen every six Months by the Academical Senate and out of their own number This Senate is made up of the Professors and the Presidents of the Colleges The University is also encourag'd with many other considerable Privileges granted to the Professors and Students The Schools for publick Exercises are in a large Stone Building not far from St Peter's Church At the ground there is a Room which takes up the greatest part I think of the bottom wherein they hold publick Feasts upon occasion Over it is a stone Arch supported with some very great Pillars We went up stairs to see the Rooms call'd the Schools they look the most of them as unfinisht they are all large Rooms and very high for I think there is nothing over them Those which are handsomest and seem'd finish'd are the Schools for Divinity and for Canon Law They have seats against the Wall and are wainscoated to a good height This House in the time when the City flourish'd in Trade was built by the City as the Hall of the Woollen Manufactory it was finish'd in the year 1317. They had a beginning of a publick Library given them by Laurentius Beyerlinck about the year 1627. to which some additions have since been made but I doubt it is in no very good Condition and therefore was not shown to us Pope Martin in his Bull of Establishment gave Faculty of Theology a general liberty for all other sorts of Studies but excepted that of Divinity This also was granted 5 years after the Establishment of the University by Pope Eugenius the IV. Upon the earnest Application of Philip sirnam'd the Good Duke of Burgundy and Brabant and of the Senate and People of Louvain and also of Erard de Marca Cardinal who was then Bishop and Prince of Leige for this City was then in Ecclesiastical Matters subject to that Bishop as it is now to the Archbishop of Mechlin He gave liberty for studying Divinity there and that the degree of Master should be conferr'd upon those who had perform'd a due course of study and should be judg'd qualified for it by the President and Dean of the Faculty or any that should be deputed by them And then being Masters they had liberty themselves also to read and teach Divinity this Bull was sign'd and seal'd on the Nones of March in the year 1431. the day which is the Festival of St. Thomas Aquinas call'd the Angelical Doctor whom the School of Divinity here respect as their Patron This Liberty was no sooner granted but they fell earnestly to work in the study of Divinity and made St. Augustine principally with St. Thomas their Rule in stating all Matters After some Deliberations among those who had obtain'd this Liberty about the setling a certain stipend for the Professors of Divinity it was determin'd by a Bull of Pope Eugenius aforesaid in the year 1443. upon the desire of Duke Philip and the Burgomasters of the Town and other Rectors of the University That there should be annexed and incorporated to Academical Professions 3 Prebends or Canonicates of the Church of St. Peter together with the Plebania or Parochial Cure of the same two of which Prebends with the Plebany were disposed to the 3 ordinary Professors of Divinity the 3d to the ordinary Professor of the Canon Law Afterwards Charles the V. Emperor in the year 1546. augmented the School of Divinity with two daily and perpetual Lectures the one to be upon the Holy Scripture for Explication of that the other to be Scholastical upon the Master of the Sentences and he endowed each with a Sallary of 200 Florins a year The Lecture upon the Holy Scripture was first committed to John Leonard de Hasselt to him succeeded Michael Baius who is reckon'd the Father of those who have reviv'd the Doctrine of St. Augustine in the Church of Rome against the Pelagianism which it was running into especially by the Writings of the new Order of the Jesuits To him succeeded Jacobus Jansonius Jacobus Stapletonus Joannes Paludanus Cornelius Jansenius who died Bishop of Ypres This is he from whom the followers of St. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas are nicknam'd Jansenists He that he might be sure to represent exactly true the Doctrine of St. Augustine read his Works over as he says ten times as he did this he gather'd out of him all that related to his Controversies with the Pelagians of his time and all his Doctrine concerning the Grace of God and his Gratuitous Election he then digested his Collections into a Method and wrote from them a large Book which he call'd Augustinus When he had finish'd it he died but left it as his Will to his Executors that it should be printed which was done accordingly This Book has been and is still receiv'd by many as containing and representing rightly the true Doctrine of St. Augustine and these are loaded with the Odious Name of Jansenists For the Jesuits and their Party have got that Book condemn'd and prohibited having as they pretend found in it 5 Propositions which are Heretiâ—al And that they might the more effectually find out and oppress all who favour the Opinions and Sentiments of St. Augustine they have obtain'd of the Court of Rome a form of an Oath or Test which they oblige all the Clergy to take who are admitted to any Benefice wherein they must condemn those Propositions as taken out of Jansenius's Book and in the sence where in he understood and used them as Heretical The form of the Oath as it was fram'd and establish'd by Alexander the VII Pope of Rome runs thus I N. N. submit my self to the Apostolick Constitutions of the most High Bishops Innocent X. dated the 31st of May 1653 and of Alexander VII dated the 16th of October 1656 and do with a sincere mind renounce and swear that I renounce and condemn the Five Propositions drawn out of the Book of Cornelius Jansenius Intituled Augustinus and in the sence of them intended by the Author as the Apostolick Chair has condemn'd them by the aforesaid Constitutions This Constitution has occasion'd a
the Piece is the Virgin Mary represented as looking up to the Persons above and pointing downwards Below her is an Angel looking I think towards her as to receive her Directions and reaching downwards under him are a Company of People making grievous Faces and in the midst of Flames the Angel has hold of one and is hawling him out and the rest are holding up their hands towards him as desiring to be lifted out likewise A delicate Fiction fit for Poets or Painters who as Horace says have a Potestas quidlibet audendi but which ought not to be put upon People by the Teachers of Christianity as an Article of Faith Here they are taught the Invention of Purgatory and to look upon the Blessed Virgin as the chief Mediatrix and Interceder for the Souls there And these things they are likely to be taught for the Gain and Advantage which the Pope and Roman Clergy derive from them till the Spirit of Truth shall prevail in them above the Love of the world The English Jesuites have their House in Jesuites some of the highest Ground in the City it certainly stands very aiâ—y and pleasant and healthy As we went up to it we mounted through one Street which is pav'd in the manner of Steps these Steps were about Two or Three Feet broad and Three or Four Inches high Thus we climb'd a great way at length we came to their House When we left the Street we had still an ascent of I believe Sixty Stone Steps to mount to the Door of the College these Steps were of the common hard blue Stone of this Country and I believe each of them a Foot in height We were civilly and easily admitted upon saying only that we were Englishmen come out of Curiosity to see the Country After a little waiting we were conducted into the Garden which Mounts still far above the House It consists of Five Area's or Plots one considerably above another on the side of the Hill The Area's themselves lie in a little Descent and from one to another above it we had several Steps to ascend I doubt not but to the uppermost Area from the Door of the College the height must be at least an Hundred Feet Over a Stone Portal which enter'd the second Area were the Arms of a Prince and Bishop of Liege as I judged with this Inscription by it Maximiliano Electori Fundatori Other Discourse as we were going up made me forget to ask the Jesuite with us concerning this In one Garden they had several very ingenious Sun-dails One he call'd the blind Man's Dial because a blind Man having once learnt the order of the Numbers at the end of the Lines might by feeling find what time of the Day it is thus The Hour Lines at which the Figures were set were little flat Bars of Iron and a Glass Globe full of Water was so set between it and the Sun as to contract the burning Point successively according to the Sun's Motion upon these Lines this burning Point would be sensible to his Finger and he would thereby know the time of the Day In a Concave-Dial which had Vines laid over it to make the Shadow and the Hour Lines meeting all in one Centre they had set a little Picture of our Saviour with his Finger at that Centre and a Motto as proceeding from him in these Words Haec est Hora tua At the top of the highest Area they have a small flat Bowling-Ally for Exercise and if that be thought too little to exercise ones self much in it we may judge that the getting up to it supplies all that Defect By this is a Building of Two Stories in height with Three Rooms in it From the uppermost of these they have a very fine Prospect being now lifted I think above any part of the City We saw from hence the Monastery of the Carthusians on the top of a neighbouring Hill where the Marshal Boufflers planted his Mortars to Bombard this City As we came down we enter'd the House again from the second Area of the Garden We went through a large Room where they hold their Disputes and from thence into the Library which is a long narrow Room like a Gallery It was well fill'd with Books which look'd as if they were well used and studied I may say of their Library it is rather useful than fine Over several Partitions of Shelves there was written at the top of the Room Libri Theologici Libri Juridici Libri Medici Libri Mathematict c. Two Divisions had a little Lattice over them and they were lock'd up Over these was this Title Libri Prohibiti Among these I could observe was Cornelij Jansenij Augustinus some of the Works of the German Reformers the Novum Testamentum Gallicum which I suppose is that call'd the Mons Testament I could not see the Name of any English Divine among these but on the back of one of the Prisoners there was pasted a Paper on which was written the Word Sermons this was a thin Folio He show'd us here a large and good Loadstone and a String of Ten Beads with a Cross which seem'd to be all Amethysts this he said was the Dizaine of Mary Queen of Scots when she died in England which she had been wont to use in reciting her Rosary He had also a little Book of Prayers cover'd with Velvet it was a Manuscript curiously written upon Vellum and had in it some very pretty Miniature this too he said had been hers They may well Venerate the Memory of that Unfortunate Lady whose Zeal for them by their Conduct of it betray'd her to her Death He show'd us a Cylinder Looking-Glass which was to reduce Figures which seem shapeless and confus'd into Shape and Order Accordingly it being set upon Two Board which he produc'd it reflected the Scrawls of one into a Picture of our Saviour as tied to a Pillar to be scourg'd and crown'd with Thorns The other when reflected from the Glass appear'd to be a George on Horseback with the Dragon under him He said this was St. George for England At one end of the Library is a piece of Jack-work made for that sort of Machine with which Archimedes pretended to remove the whole Earth out of its Place if he had but another Place where he could fix his Instrument It held I believe an Hundred Pound weight from the Ground which was drawn about half way up There were not many Wheels belonging to it but I believe the Teeth of all or most of them were set sloping they were pretty large Wheels and each of them catch'd in a Worm which was laid round the Axis of the next Wheel The Winder might be turn'd by a little Child â—t went so easie but the effect of the Machine is mighty slow A Pin was stuck upon the top of the Cylinder on which the Weight hung and after a great many turns of the Winder it appear'd but very little mov'd