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A16282	The manners, lauues, and customes of all nations collected out of the best vvriters by Ioannes Boemus ... ; with many other things of the same argument, gathered out of the historie of Nicholas Damascen ; the like also out of the history of America, or Brasill, written by Iohn Lerius ; the faith, religion and manners of the Aethiopians, and the deploration of the people of Lappia, compiled by Damianus a ̀Goes ; with a short discourse of the Aethiopians, taken out of Ioseph Scaliger his seuenth booke de emendatione temporum ; written in Latin, and now newly translated into English, by Ed. Aston.; Omnium gentium mores, leges, et ritus. English. 1611	Boemus, Joannes, ca. 1485-1535.; Góis, Damião de, 1502-1574.; Nicolaus, of Damascus.; Léry, Jean de, 1534-1611. Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil.; Scaliger, Joseph Juste, 1540-1609. De emendatione temporum.; Aston, Edward, b. 1573 or 4.	1611 (1611)	STC 3198.5; ESTC S102777	343,933	572

Porters Clerkes and Singers That amongst the Greekes were Captaines of thousands Captaines of hundreds Captaines of fifty Gouernours ouer ten and rulers ouer fiue and that besides these as wel amongst the Greeks as Latines there were diuers sorts of conuents and religious houses both for men and women as the Sadduces Esseyes and Pharisies amongst the Iewes the Salij Diales and Vestales amongst the Romanes All the holy Apostles as Peter and those which succeeded him in the chaire of Rome agreed established that the vniuersal Apostolike most holy and high Bishop of Rome should euer after be called the Pope that is to say the father of his countrie and that he should proceede and gouerne the Catholike Romane Church as the Emperour of Rome was Monarch ouer the whole world and that as the Consuls were next in office and authoritie to the Emperour and were euer two in number so should there bee foure Patriarkes in the Church of God that in degree and dignitie should be next vnto the Pope whereof one was seated at Constantinople another at Antioch the third at Alexandria and the fourth at Ierusalem That the Senators of Rome should be expressed by Cardinals that such Kings or Princes as gouerned three Dukedomes should be equalled with Primates that should gouerne theree Archbishops and that the Archb. or Metrapolitans shold be compared to Dukes that as the Dukes had Earles vnder them so should Bishops be vnder the Archbishops That Bishops likewise should be resembled vnto Eatles their Assistants and Suffragans vnto Praesidents and Provosts vnto Lieutenants Arch-priests should supply the place of Tribunes of the soldiers for Tribunes of the people were ordained Chancelors and Arch deacons were put in the place of Praetors for Centurions were placed Deanes parish Priests for Decurions and other Prelates and Ministers for Aduocates and Atturneys Deacons represented the Aediles sub-deacons the Quaternions Exorcists the Duumuiri hostiarii or dore-keepers the treasurers readers singers and Poets the Porters of the Court and Acolites and Priests Ministers the Secretaries Taper-bearers decreeing that all these sundry Orders of Church-officers should be called by one generall name Clerkes of the Greeke word Cleros a lotte or chance whereby at first they were elected out of the people for Gods part or portion of inheritance This done they ordained that seuen sorts of these Clerkes should be of more speciall name and note then the rest as hauing euery one his peculiar function habit and dignitie in the church and that they should be alreadie to attend vpon the altar when the Bishop of Rome doth sacrifice to wit the Pope himself Bish Priests Deacons Subd Priests and singing men The office of Bishops is to giue orders to veile virgins to consecrate Bishops to confirme children by imposition of hands to dedicate Temples to degrade Priests frō their functions and to put them in againe vpon their reformation to celebrate Councels to make Chrismes vnctiōs to hallow vestiments and Church vessels and to do any other things which meaner Priests may do as well as they as to cathechise and baptize to make and consecrate the Sacrament of the Altar and to communicate it to others to pronounce absolution to the penitent to restraine the stubborn and to preach and declare the Gospel of Christ The crownes of their heades must bee shauen round like the Nazareans and they ought neither to weare lockes nor long beards they are bound to perpetuall chastitie and they haue the command and preheminence ouer other priests their liuings and maintenance ought to be onely of first firuites tythes oblations nor may they meddle or busie themselues in worldly matters their apparell and conuersation should be decent comely honest and they are tyed onely to serue God and the Church and to occupy and employ themselues seriously in reading the holy Scriptures that thereby they may perfectly know al things which belong to Christian Religion wherin they are bound to instruct others There be diuers conuenticles and houses of religious persons both men women as Benedictines Friars preachers Franciscans Augustines Bernardines Antonians Ioannites Carthusians Praemonstratentians Carmelites Cistertians many others euery one of which Orders haue distinct habits and customes different one from another by the rules which they haue priuatly set downe and prescribed for themselues to liue vnder And all of these professe perpetuall chastity obedience and wilfull pouertie liue for the most part a solitary life for which cause they were called Monkes as men liuing a monasticall kind of life Some of these Orders haue for their heads and gouernors of their houses and societies Abbots some Prouosts and some Priors but the Bishops be onely subiect to the Bishop of Rome most of these Orders we are hoodes or cowles though not all of one colour and abstaine wholy from flesh Bishops when they offer vp the sacrifice of the Masse were cōmanded by that sacred Synod to bee attired in holy vestures which for their perfection are borrowed out of the law of Moses of these garments be 15. to wit the Sandals the Amice the long Albe that reacheth down to their anckles the Girdle the Stole the Maniple the purple Coate with wide sleeues the Gloues the Ring the Linnen garment called Castula the Napkin or Sudary the Pall or Cope the Myter the Crozier staffe a chaire standing nere the altar for him to sit in of these 15. church-ornaments six were made common as well to other inferiour Priests as to Bishops that is to say the Amice the long Albe the Girdle the Stole the Manuple the Castula besides these 15. sundry sorts of garments the Pope by the donation of the Emperor Constantine the Great weareth in the celebration of the Masse all the Robes vsed by the Emperors of Rome as the scarlet coate the short purple cloake the scepter and the triple Diadem and with these he is arrayed in the Vestry when he saith Masse vppon any sollemne festiuall dayes and from thence goeth to the Altar attended with a priest on his right side and a Deacon on his left before him goeth a sub-Deacon with a book in his hand shut two taper-bearers one with a censor burning incense when he approcheth nere to the Altar hee puts off his myter and kneeling down with his attendants vpon the lowest step pronounceth the Confitcor or publike confession of sinners and then ascending vp to the altar he openeth the booke and kisseth it and so proceedeth to the celebration of all the ceremonies belonging to that sacrifice the sub-deacon reading the Epistle and the deacon the Gospell Bishopps and all other eminent Priests bee likewise bound to prayse God euery day seuen times and to vse one certaine order and forme of prayer and not onely to do so themselues but to giue commandement to all inferior Priests whatsoeuer vnder their charge and iurisdiction to do the like as to say Euensong in the afternoone Compline in the

THE MANNERS LAWES AND CVSTOMES OF ALL NATIONS Collected out of the best Writers by IOANNES BOEMVS AVBANVS a Dutch-man With many other things of the same Argument gathered out of the Historie of Nicholas Damascen The like also out of the History of America or Brasill written by Iohn Lerius The faith religion and manners of the Aethiopians and the deploration of the people of Lappia compiled by Damianus à Goes With a short discourse of the Aethiopians taken out of IOSEPH SCALIGER his seuenth booke de Emendatione temporum Written in Latin and now newly translated into English By ED. ASTON AT LONDON Printed by G. Eld and are to bee sold by Francis Burton 1611. TO HIS TRVLY HONORED FRIEND SIR WALTER ASTON OF TIXAL IN the County of Stafford Knight of the honorable order of the Bath HONORED SIR SEeing that it is an vsual and commendable custome amongst all writers to dedicate their workes once brought to perfection to some worthy personage or other to whom they are most deuoted vnder whose patronage and protection they may better passe without controulment And hauing now at last more for the benefit of such as are vnskilful in the Latin tongue then any priuate respect of mine owne other then my recreation translated these seueral writers into our vulgar language by whose trauels indeauours the maners fashions formes of gouernment of forraine and remote nations are plainely discouered to each studious and iudiciall reader to the deserued commendations of the Authors themselues the expelling of barbarous ignorance and the inriching and inlightning of the Christian world with the knowledge of all parts thereof And withall deliberatly weighing with my selfe to whom amongst so many worthies of our daies I might direct and consecrate these my labours of whom I might conceiue some hope of acceptance and a willingnesse to support the burthen of my weake building I could bethinke my selfe of none so fit nor so worthie as your selfe right worthie Sir both in regard that the manifold fauours bestowed vpon the poore house from whence I had my beeing by you and your memorable Auncesters and the taste that my selfe haue had of your good will to all your welwishers and for that also the variety of matter herein contained may happily yeeld some delight if you vouchsafe to peruse it imboldneth me humbly to presume in these rude rugged lines to manifest my ardent deuotion and affectionate zeale I owe of duty ought to owe vnto your honored self And though the meanesse of the gift through the indigested phrase and ill composture can no way merit the least place in your good likeing yet was the poore mans sacrifice made with salt as acceptable to the Romane gods as the rich mans incence and Sineta's cold water proceeding from a willing heart hauing no better meanes to shew his duty and deuotion as highly regarded and as bountifully rewarded by King Artaxerxes as the richest presents the Persians did offer him Accept then I beseech you these my poore presentments by your accustomed fauour so to giue life to them and me that they may passe vnder your protection free from detraction and my selfe be incoraged to proceed to other enterprises for the aduancement of your fame and attayning to my selfe the expected end of al my labours which is to be inrolled in the Catalogue of your welwillers Thus crauing pardon for my presumption I humbly take my leaue And rest euer truly deuoted to your honored name ED. ASTON To the friendly Reader IF the reading of Histories be so necessary benefic al to al sorts of people as they be rightly termed by some the mirrors and maisters of our life shewing and teaching vs by the lawes and gouernments of other nations and common-weales what orders and institutions are fittest to bee ordayned and obserued in our own for the establishment of perfect peace maintainance of diuine worship and excercise of moral vertues I doubt not good courteous Reader but the commendation of this Worke and other Histories of like argument expressed at large by the Author in his preface will passe so currant with thee as thou wilt willingly conclude with him That there is nothing more pleasant more profitable nor more prayse worthy then truly legendo aut peregrinando either by reading or trauelling to know and vnderstand the situation lawes customes religion and forme of gouernement of each seuerall Prouince in the world And seeing also that besides our sloth and home-lou'd idlenesse there be so many rubbes and impediments to hinder and deterre vs from trauell as it is in a maner vtterly neglected and we thereby depriued of the one halfe of our vnderstandings how much more industrious ought we to be for supply of that defect to busie our selues in reading the reports of such Writers both an●ient and moderne as haue spent most part of their times in that kind of exercise and do as it were proffer vs their hands to lead and conduct vs through each seuerall country In which rancke mine Author and those auncient and famous writers out of which this collection is gathered though it cannot bee denied but that there hath beene ●uch alteration of stares since their daies as there is almost no one country in the world that doth wholy retaine the selfe same customes ceremonies by them described are not in the meanest regard nor their sayings in any wise to be contemned in regard of the number of late writers who though some of them haue beene men of that fame and repute and withal so perfect and absolute in their relations as they haue come farre neerer vnto the truth of our present estate yet is there no reason that a multiude of Mandiuels that wander abroad in this pampletting age in the habite of sincere Historioghraphers like Asses in Lyons skins should dazell and dim the glory of the other or cancel and deface their opinions so autenticke and anciently receiued For mine owne part I must confesse my insufficiency truely to discerne betwixt the one and the other yet thus much I may presume to say in the behalfe of mine Author that to my weake vnderstanding in al the course of his bookes he inforceth no vntruths to make them seeme probable nor meere probabilites for true but relateth things doubtful as he found them written by others and so leaueth euery man to his discretion to giue credit as hee sees cause And although hee maketh mention of some ceremonies customes vsed in certaine countries which seeme so absurde monstrous and prodigious as they appeare vtterly voide of credit yet is there no cause that that should distast any one considering that as hee well noteth in the conclusion of his third booke all people are not indued with like ciuility and that there is as great difference in mens liuings as in their collours The pleasure which I tooke by perusal of these seuerall collections and the profit that I conceiued might thereby redound both to

losse of both their hands for they thought it fit that that part of the body should suffer punishment during life that was cheefe instrument in the offence and that others also being warned by their miseries and calamities might abstaine from the like lewdnesse There were very sharpe punishments inflicted vpon those that had abused any woman for he which defloured a free woman had his members cut off for that vnder one fault hee had comitted three hanous offences which were iniury corruption of bloud and confusion of children he that was taken in wilfull adultery had a thousand stripes with rods and the adulterous woman had her nose cut off by which disgrace her beauty was blemished and shee punished in that part of her face which did most addorne it It is reported that Bocchoris was the maker of those lawes which partaind to ciuill conuersation amongst men which lawes allow that if one lend mony without specialty and the debitor deny that hee borrowed any the creditor must stand to the debiters oath for an oath is held of great moment as being a religious act and certaine it is that those which often sweare doe abrogate their faith and credits and therfore they will sweare but seldome least they loose their reputations and names of honest men moreouer the same lawe-maker concluding all faithfulnesse in vertue iudged that men ought by good meanes to accustome themselues to honesty that they may not bee thought vnworthy of trust for hee thought it wrong to those to whome mony was lent with-out oath not to performe their faith by swearing whether the goods be their owne or noe The vsury which was agreed vpon by writing forbad that the double forfeture of the thing lent should be exacted and all payments were satisfied by the debitors goods but his body might not be deliuered to the creditor for they thought fit that onely their goods should be subiect and lyable to their debts and their bodies addicted to the Citties whose ayde and assistance they had neede of both in warres and peace neither was it thought fit that the souldiors which ventured their liues for their countries safty should bee thrust in prison for interest which law is supposed to bee translated by Solon to the Athenians and by him called Sisachthia prouiding that men should not loose their liues for the Cittizens vsury more-ouer the particular law and toleration for theeues amongst the Aegiptians was that those that did steale should bring their names in writing to the cheefe Preest and instantly disclose the theft or robbery vnto him In like sort they which had their goods taken from them must write vnto the cheefe Priest the time day and houre that hee was robbed by which meanes the theft being easily found out and discouered he which was robbed should loose the fourth part of that which was stolne which fourth part shall bee giuen to the theefe and the rest restored to the owner For the lawgiuers opinion was that seeing it was vnpossible that theft should altogether bee prohibited men should loose rather some portion of their substance then all that was taken from them The manner of their marriages is not all alike with the Aegiptians for it is lawfull for the Preests to marry but once but the rest may marry as oft as they will according to their desire and ability and there are no children accounted bastards noe though they be begotten of such bond-seruants as be bought with mony for they hold that the father is the onely author of their childrens birth and the mother to be but the receptacle and to yeeld norrishment to the infant It is most incredible to see with what small and easie cost the Aegiptians bring vp their children for the norish them with the roots of bulrushes other like roots raked and roasted in hotte embers and with hearbes growing in fennes and moorish grounds some-times boyld sometimes broyld on the coales and some-times rawe They neuer wore shooes but goe for the most part naked by reason of the temperature of the country so as all the cost that a father bestoweth vpon his childe till hee bee of full age exceedeth not twenty Drachmas The Priests instruct children both in that learning which they call holy and in the other which appertained to knowledge and common instruction and they bee very intentiue and exceedingly bent to the study of Geometry and Arithmatick They suffer them not to vse eyther wrestling or musick supposing the dayly vse of wrestling to be vnsure and dangerous and that thereby their bodyes are made more feeble and weake and musicke they condemned as vtterly vnprofitable and hurtfull in making their mindes effeminate They cure their diseases eyther by fasting or vomitting which they vse eyther dayly or euery third day or fourth day for they are of opinion that all diseases had theyr beginning from surfetting and that therefore that is the best physicke to recouer health which taketh away the cause of the disease Souldiers and trauellers are cured for nothing for the Phisitians liue of the reuenews of the common-wealth and therefore are forced by the law to cure the diseased after the strict forme set downe by the best Phisitians and most approoued writers And the Physition that followeth the rule of that sacred booke though hee cannot cure his patient yet is hee blamelesse but if he cure him by any other meanes then is set downe in that booke hee shall dye for it for the maker of that law was of opinion that there could not a better course of curing bee found out then that which was inuented and obserued for long time by ancient Physitions The Aegiptians worship diuerse creatures beyond all measure not onely while they be liuing but when they be dead also as Cattes Rattes Dogges Hawkes the birds called Ibis Wolues and Crocadiles and many more of like kinde neither be they ashamed to professe open honour vnto them but account it as commendable and lawdable for them to doe it as to doe their seruice to the gods in so much as they will goe about into citties and other places carrying with them Images of those beasts vaunting and glorying what creatures they haue adored at the sight whereof all men in manner of supplyants doe reuerence vnto the Images When any of these beasts die they wrappe the carcase in linnen cloth and annoynt it with Salt beating their brests with bitter exclamations and annoynting it againe with the Iuise of Cedar tree and other odoriferus oyntments that it may keepe the longer they bury it in their hallowed places Hee that willingly killeth any of those creatures shall haue iudgment of death for it but if a man kill the Ibis or the Cat either willingly or at vnawares the whole multitude fall vpon him tormenting and killing him without mercy or iudgment The terror whereof inforceth the beholders to lament his death and to auerre that the beast

law to bee purged by offering vp a Ramme The flesh of which oblations whether they were publicke or priuate the Priests did eate in the Temple one measure containing a peck of the finest flower was allowed for the oblation of a Lambe for a Ramme two and for a Bull three There was also allowed Oyle which was powred vppon the sacrifice A Lambe was publickly sacrificed euery morning and euening and vppon euery seuenth day which was called their Sabbaoth and which by their law they held most holy there were double sacrifices offred vpon their Altars In the beginning of the month were offered for reconciliation two Oxen seauen yearling Lambes one Ramme and one Kidde to which were added two Kiddes more the one whereof was sent out of the bounds of the Citty and there offered as a satisfaction for the sinnes of the multitude and the other was burned skinne and all in the purest place of the suburbes of the Citty The Priests gaue a Bull sanctified for that purpose and a Ramme for a whole burnt sacrifice There was also other sacrifices mingled with ordinary ceremonies and holy dayes such was the fifteenth day of the month which the Macedons called Hyperueretheus and vppon the returne of Autumne they fixed their Tents or Tabernacles and keeping that day holy offered yearely whole burnt offerings the dooers thereof vppon the moneth Xanthicus which is Aprill carryed in their hands the boughes of Myrrh Willow Palmes and Peach tree where-vppon the yeare tooke his beginning vppon the day of the full Moone the sunne then entring into the signe Aries And because at that time the people of Israel were deliuered out of the land of Egipt they sacrificed the misticall Lambe and celebrated the feasts of vnleuened bread or sweete bread in the full Moone some few dayes after vpon which dayes were euer burned for a whole burnt sacrifice two Bulls one Ramme and seauen Lambes wherevnto was added one Kidde for satisfaction for their sinnes in the second day of Sweete-bread were offered the first parts of their fruites and a measure of Oyle and in the beginning or springing of their fruites a Lambe for a whole burnt sacrifice Their dayes of Penticost also were certaine which time they called Asarthan that is to say Quinquagesima or the fifteeth day and then they offered leauened bread made of drie meale two Ewe lambes two Calues and two Rammes for a whole burnt offering and two Kiddes in recompence of their misdeeds The Heathen writers disagree from the Ecclesiasticall concerning the Iewes and Moses their Captaine for Cornelius Tacitus in the one and twentith Booke of his Diurnalls attributing the departing of that people out of the land of Aegipt not to Gods diuine will and power but to necessity writeth thus of them The scabbe and noysome itch beginning in Aegipt saith hee Boch●ris the Aegiptian King desired a remedy in the Temple of his god Hamon where hee was admonished to purge his kingdome and to banish those people meaning the Iewes which were hatefull to their gods into other countries Wherevpon they beeing expulsed and a great multitude of them which had the scabbe least sitting together in waste and desolate places most of them beeing almost blinde with weeping Moses one of those which were banished among the rest admonished them not to expect any helpe of goddes or men but onely to relye and commit them-selues wholy to him as their guide and Captaine wherevnto they assented and agreed and so beeing vtterly ignorant what would become of them tooke their iourney at aduentures wherein aboue other things they wanted water and that they watching all night in the open fields not farre from destruction saw a flocke of wylde Asses going from feeding and sitting downe vpon a rocke ouer-growne with thick woods these Moses pursued and tooke and therevpon and to the end that he might for euer bee assured of that people he gaue vnto them new lawes and ceremonies contrary to all other nations for those things which wee hold for holy they account as prophane and allow of those things which with vs are poluted They hollowed and worshipped within their houses the picture of a beast the sight whereof expelled both thirst and error and sacrificed a Ramme in despite of the god Hamon they offer also an Oxe in derision of the god Apis which the Aegiptians worship vnder the forme of an Oxe They abstaine from Swines flesh for auoyding the scabbe because that beast is dangerous for that disease They rest vppon the seuenth day because that day brought end to their labours and yeelding to slouthfulnesse the seuenth yeare also is spent in Idlenesse the honor whereof is by others attributed to Saturne by reason of hunger and fasting their bread is altogether vnleauened these lawes how euer they were brought in are there defended and though mercy and firme faith are in great request amongst them yet they carry deadly hatred against all other nations They bee seperated in their banquets and seuered in their beds They are much giuen to lust and yet they abstaine from the company of women of other nations but hold nothing vnlawfull amongst them selues They ordained circumcision of their priuities that by that difference they might bee discerned from others and the first lesson they learne is to contemne the gods The soules of those which were slaine in battell or by punishment they suppose to be eternall They haue the like regard of Hell and perswasion of Heauenly things on the other side the Aegiptians worshippe diuers beasts and wrought Idols but the Iewes in their hearts and minds acknowledge but one onely God accounting those prophane which faine or pourtray the images of their gods in the forme of men These and many other things hath Cornelius Tacitus and Trogus in his seauen and thirty booke written of the Iewes Three sects of the Iewes were seuered and distinguished one from another by their vsuall manner of liuing which were the Pharasies the Sadducees and the Esseians The Pharasies liued very austerely and sparingly instituting new traditions by which they finished and abolished the traditions of Moyses They carried in their forheads and vpon their left arme certaine frontlets and papers wherein was written that decalogue which the Lord sayd thou shalt haue as it were hanging betwixt thine eyes and in thy hand and these they called Philacteries of the Greeke word Philatein which signifieth to fullfill the law These also fastned the edges of their vestures to the rest of their garments with thornes that beeing pricked therewith as they went they might remember Gods commandements They thought all things to bee done by GOD and by destiny and that to doe or neglect things that were lawfull and iust consisted in the will of man but yet that in all things fate was a furtherer whose effects they essteemed to proceed from the motion of the Heauenly bodies They would neuer contradict their elders nor superiours They beleeued the general iudgement that al

twy-light Mattins in the morning and their houres at the first third sixt and ninth houre of the day and that all this if it be possible should be done in the Church humbly kneeling or standing before the Altar with their faces towards the East The Lords prayer and the Apostles Creed were then vsed to be sayd as they are now at this day Saint Hierome at the instance of Pope Damasus distributed and digested the Psalmes by the dayes assigning to euery houre his proper Psalmes and their number as nine at nocturns vpon holy dayes and 12. vpon working daies for the laudes at Mattins fiue fiue at euen-song and at all other houres three and it was chiefly he that disposed and set in order the Gospels Epistles all other things which as yet be read out of the old new Testament sauing only the hymnes Damasus diuiding the Quire of singing men into two parts appointed them to sing in course the Anthemes written by S. Ambrose Bishop of Millaine added Gloria Patri to the end of euery Antheme The Toletan Agathon Councels allowed the lessons hymnes which be read before euery houre The prayers grails tracts alleluias offertories communions in the Masse anthems versicles tropes and other things sung and read to the honor of God in the office of the Masse as well for the day as night were penned by S. Gregory Gelasius Ambros and diuers others of the holy Fathers not all at once but at diuers times The Masse for so is that sacrifice called was celebrated at the first in that simple furniture and plaine manner as it is now vsed vpon Easter Eue. Pope Celestinus added the Priests manner of entrance to the altar the Gloria in excelsis was annexed by Telesphorus the hymne which begins et in terra was composed by Hillarie Bishop of Poictiers and was afterwards by Symachus ordained to be sung The salutations taken out of the booke of Ruth which the priest pronounceth 7. times in the Masse by saying Dominus vobiscum were appointed by Clement Anacletus Gelasius disposed the rest to the offertory in the Order they be now vsed except the Sequentiae which are said after the Masse and these Nicholas added the Apostles Creed which Damasus annexed vnto them out of the Constantinopolitan councell The Sermon which is preached to the people by the priest or deacon standing in a pulpit vppon holy-daies was rather vsed by tradition after the examples of Nehemias or Esdras then instituted by any other in which Sermon the people that be present at Masse bee admonished to communicate as in duty they are bound and that they should imbrace mutual loue that they should be purged from their sins not be polluted with vices when they receiue the Sacrament of the altar and for that cause he concludeth his Sermon with the publike confession of sinners he declareth moreouer vnto them the contents of the old and new Testament and putteth them in mind of the ten Commandements the twelue Articles of our beleefe the seuen Sacraments of the Church the liues and Martyrdomes of Saints the holy-dayes and fasting daies instituted and ordained by the Church the vices and vertues and all other things necessarie for a Christian to know Pope Gregory added the Offertory to the Masse and Leo the Prefaces Gelasius and Sixtus the greater and lesser Canons and Gregory the Lords prayer out of the Gospell of Saint Mathew Martial Saint Peters Disciple instituted that Bishoppes should giue the benediction and Innocentius that inferior Priests should offer the Pax Agnus Dei was adioyned by Sergius the Communion by Gregorie and the Conclusion in these wordes Ite missa est Benedicamus Domino or Deo gratias was inuented by Pope Leo. The twelue Articles of our Faith which the holy Apostles haue commanded euery one not onely to acknowledge but most constantly to beleeue be these following The first that there is one God in Trinitie the Father Almightie Maker of heauen and earth the second That Iesus Christ is his onely begotten Sonne our Lord the third that he was conceiued of the holy Ghost borne of the Virgin Mary the fourth that he suffered vnder Pontius Pilate was crucified dead and buried the fift that he descended into hell and the third day rose againe from the dead the sixt that he ascended into heauen and that there hee sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty the seuenth that he shall come againe in glorie to iudge both the quicke and the dead the eight that there is a holy Ghost the ninth that there is a holy Catholike Church the tenth that there is a Communion of Saints and remission of sinnes the eleuenth that there is a resurrection of the flesh and the twelfth that there is an eternall life after death in another world The tenne Commandements which were written with the finger of God and deliuered by the hands of his seruant Moses to the people of Israel and which he willed vs to obserue and keepe be these following The first to beleeue that there is one God the second not to take the name of God in vaine the third to keepe holy the Sabbath day the fourth to honour our fathers and betters the fift to do no murther the sixt not to commit adulterie the seuenth not to steale the eighth not to beare false witnesse the ninth not to couet other mens goods and the tenth not to desire another mans wife nor any thing that is his The seuen Sacraments of the Church which bee included in the last fiue Articles of our faith and which the holy Fathers haue commanded vs to beleeue be these following First Baptisme and this Sacrament heretofore as it was established by a canonicall sanction was not ministred vnto any vnlesse vpon very vrgent necessitie but vnto such as were afore-hand well instructed in the faith and sufficiently catechised and examined thereof seuen sundrie times to wit vpon certaine dayes in Lent and vppon the vigils of Easter and Penticost beeing the vsuall times for consecration in all Parishes But this Sacrament beeing aboue all the rest most necessarie vnto saluation and least any one should depart out of this life without the benefit thereof it was ordained that as soon as an infant was borne he should haue God-fathers procured for him to be his witnesses or sureties and that then the child beeing brought by his God-fathers before the church doore the Priest standing there for the purpose should demand of the child before he dippe him in the holy Font whether he will forsake the Diuell and all his pompes and whether he stedfastly beleeue all the Articles of the Christian faith and the God-fathers affirming on his behalfe the Priest bloweth three times in the Infants face and when he hath exorcized and catechized him he doth these seuen things in order vnto the child first he putteth hallowed salt into his mouth secondly hee annointeth his eyes eares and