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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54842	An impartial inquiry into the nature of sin in which are evidently proved its positive entity or being, the true original of its existence, the essentiall parts of its composition by reason, by authority divine, humane, antient, modern, Romane, Reformed, by the adversaries confessions and contradictions, by the judgement of experience and common sense partly extorted by Mr. Hickman's challenge, partly by the influence which his errour hath had on the lives of many, (especially on the practice of our last and worst times,) but chiefly intended as an amulet to prevent the like mischiefs to come : to which is added An appendix in vindication of Doctor Hammond, with the concurrence of Doctor Sanderson, Oxford visitors impleaded, the supreme authority asserted : together with diverse other subjects, whose heads are gathered in the contents : after all A postscript concerning some dealings of Mr. Baxter / by Thomas Pierce ...	Pierce, Thomas, 1622-1691.	1660 (1660)	Wing P2184; ESTC R80	247,562	303

indeed object against him his Dissent from the Doctrine of the Church of England so to their shame if they had any he freed himself from that charge Master P●m's Report to the House of Commons is no proof at all that he was censur'd by the Parliament And the Order of that House in the behalf of the Articles was not hurtfull to him who oppos'd them not but understood them better and declar'd as much for them as the Commoners could doe § 44. To Mr. Hickmans rare Question p. 28. How comes it to pass that those who now follow Arminius did heretofore follow Mr. Calvin I thank him for the occasion to make this Answer That the older men gr●w they grow the wiser and more impartial To what end do men study both men and books but to discover the mistakes of their giddy youth Is it not fit that the aged Bishop of Winchester should understand things better then young Mr. Andrews But he was a Bishop and one who lived at such a Time when it was safe to leave Calvin as King Iames his Great Master had also done And therefore to satisfie Mr. Hickman Let the Question be put of Dr. Sanderson whose change of judgement was never publish'd untill the last and worst times whilst yet the Followers of Calvin had power to persecute their opponents why did he follow the way of Calvin in point of Doctrine I mean his sublapsarian way before he considered and compar'd it with other wayes and at last forsook it after such consideration The very Question suggests the Answer which in all reason is to be made And may suffice for a general answer to the farr greatest part of Mr. Hickman's long Preface Observe Good Reader the most Ingenuous Confession of that so eminently learned and holy man Giving himself to the study of practicall Divinity he saith he took up most other things upon trust And this he did so much the rather because Calvin at that time was not so wholesomely suspected as blessed be God he since hath been But to express it in the words of the Judicious Doctor Sanderson The honour of Calvin's name gave Reputation to his very errours And if so great a Scholar as he did take up opinions upon trust and was carried down the stream of the common errours his weaker brethren could not choose but be swept away with so strong a Torrent § 45. But they were farr from being such whose Questions in the Act Mr. Hickman reciteth from Mr. Prin as he hath done the greatest part of his tedious Preface For Doctor Iackson might well acknowledge all lost in Adam when he supposed a Recovery of all in Christ. And here it is observable that Mr. Hickman hath not stoln fairly For Mr. Prin expressed very honestly what his jugling Transcriber thought it his Interest to conceal It was the very first of the Doctors three Questions An Peccatum originale contineat in se aliquid positivi And this was held in the affirmative The other Act-questions were Doctor Frewin's the now-Right Honourable and Right Reverend Father in God the Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield whom I am never able to name without a preface of honour and veneration Who if he did once Calvinizare as Bishop Andrews and King Iames before the times of their conversion let it suffice that his latter judgement is much preferrable to his former It is no more to the disparagement of Doctor Goad and Master Hales and Daniel ●ilenus the Synodist at Dort and Doctor Potter and Doctor Godwin and Melanchthon himself and the late Primate that as soon as they saw they forsook their errours then it could be to Saint Paul that though as long as in comparison he was a child he spake as a child understood as a child and thought as a child yet when he grew to a perfect man he put away childish things And hence Mr. Hickman may take the reason why I parted with those opinions I first embraced which now he reproacheth me withall p. 29. though more to my honour then he imagin'd But he must know that by the first of the three last Questions An praedestinatio ad salutem sit propter praevisam fidem he seems to be ignorant of the difference betwixt the foresight of Faith and Faith foreseen as betwixt ex and propter a condition and a cause secundum praescientiam Fidei propter fidem praescitam And so he is like the vain Ianglers of whom Saint Paul speaks to Timothy that they desired to be Teachers understanding neither what they said nor whereof they affirmed § 46. Of Lambeth Articles that they were caused to be suppress'd by Queen Elizabeth See Doctor Heylin his Examen Historicum p. 164. That King Iames before he dyed was an Anti-Calvinist appears by the Conference at Hampton Court and by his great approbation of all that was preached by Bishop Andrews which was as opposite to Calvin as light to darkness and by his high esteem of B●shop OVERALL who was wont to call the Calvinists The Zenonian Sect and by his singular favour to Bishop Montague whom he imployed in composing his Apparatus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and whose Appeal he adorned with his Royal Patronage and Protection which yet he could not have done if he had not been that which they call Arminian That Bishop Montague was incouraged by the special Direction of King IAMES to Dedicate that Book to his Royal self is most apparent to every man who wil● but read his own words in his Dedication If any Reader can yet be ignorant of King Iames his deliverance from that captivity into which he had been l●dd by his first and worst Teachers let him peruse that Epistle with which the learned Tilenus Senior did dedicate his Book to that learned King even his Book of Animadversions upon the Synod of Dorts Canon There the Reader will be inform'd how Tilenus his Paraenesis had pleas'd that King who gave a proof of his special liking by his speciall command to have it Printed How a little after that the King invited him by a Letter to come over into England and here to try the effects of his Royall Favour How his Majestie took care that care might be taken by other men Not to blaspheme with the Puritanes in making God the Author of sin How he assented to Tilenus whilst he inveighed against the Error of irrespective decrees especially that of Reprobation A more impious errour then which he said a Synod of Divels was not able to invent Thence he styled it the Horrendum illud Calvini decretum and professed to see nothing throughout the whole Calvinian Scheme which did not either flow out of Zeno's porch or from the Tables of the Destinies or from the stinking Mephitis of the Manichees By all which it is apparent that Mr. Hickman is unexcusable as far as his 38. page where he grows less guilty

But does he o●fer at any proof or at any thing else to supply it's place no nor so much as tells his Brethren what opinion he means of my maintaining Nay he afterwards confesseth He thinks it no way consistent with the ingenuity of a Scholar or of a man to charge me with Blasphemy nay that he cannot without perfect affront to his conscience return me Blasphemer for Blasphemer Book p. 4. If this is reconcileable with what he saith of me in his Epistle Then whatever I have said against Calvin and the rest must be affirmed by this Rhapsodist to be no accusing them of Blasphemy But who is a Blasphemer i● he is not who maintaineth an opinion from which the wo●st of all Blasphemie● Reader they are his own words doth unavoidably follow we see the greatest of all memories is exceedingly too l●ttle for a man of his Trade For not remembring in his Epistle what he had written in his Book he hath rail'd it out against me to no better purpose then to his own self-condemnation For if in his Book p. 4. he had any truth in him or ingenuity he must needs confess he had none at all whilst he was writing to the Brackleians and boldly committing that very crime which he had called a perfect affront to his conscience and inconsistent with the ingenuity both of a Scholar and of a man It now appears to do him right that all hi● Rhapsodie was not stoln for his self-contradictions are all his own § 5. His next irreverence is the mor● for being shewed to the most learned and truely Reverend Dr. Hammond from whom he pretendeth a Citation which hath no truth in it but is injurious in 4 Respects for the better elu●cidating of which I shall first transcribe Mr. Hickmans words The privativenesse of moral evil is not a monster h●tched under the wings of a few Disciplinarian Zelots not a perfect p●antasy a mere Scholastical Notion as Dr. Hammond is pleased to call it Fundam p. 178. First it is to be observed that all these words from monster to notion are printed in the s●me letter which doth discriminate Citations from Mr. Hickmans own text so a● no one Reader who looks no further and is not fore-armed with that distrust with which the writings of such a Gamester are of necessity to be read can escape the errour of apprehending that all that passage is Dr. Hammonds and withall to be met with in the page there cited whereas in all his publick works in which I hope I am as perfect as any man of my memory which I confesse is none of the greatest is like to be there is not any such word as Monster hatched under the wings of a few disciplinarian Zelots Nay I am certified by the Doctor in his answer to my request that he would search his own Memory that no such expression hath ever passed from his tongue much less from his Pen on any occasion whatsoever much less on this But on this I lay no weight because it is no other then an implicit Falsification His 2. fault is more gross whilst he citeth the page and misreporteth the words of that Reverend Doctor In lieu of School-notion Mr. Hickman forgeth him to have written a mere Scholastical Notion where t is plain the word mere is a mere interpolation whereby to intimate an enmity betwixt the Doctor and the Fathers of which there had else been no appearance For a Father may say that which is withal a School-notion though not a mere Scholastical notion But neither should I have mentioned this which in a man of his practice is to be reckoned a Peccadillo if it had not stood betwixt me and his third misrepresentation which seemes to me of greater weight and yet to receive some increase by those additions I say it is his third injury that he groundlesly fastens the Doctors censure to the above-said privativenesse of moral evil Upon which it was so far from having been fastned by the Doctor that he neither used any such words nor any other which can bear any Analogy with such unless the privativenesse of sin doth import no more with Mr. Hickman then doth the non-entity or nothingnesse of it which as it will prove him a Carneadist so it is the most that he can plead to that with which I now charge him That Reverend Doctor having but mentioned the perfect Phantasie of some that sin is a Non-entity that is a nothing So that now good Reader thou knowest the meaning of Mr. Hickman whensoever he asserts the privativity of sin He means t is Nothing or a Non-entity or else he wilfully prevaricates as well with thee as with Dr. Hammond § 6. I thought the man had made a difference betwixt a simple negative and a Privative especially when the l●tter is not a want of all being but onely of a Rectitude or conformity to a rule else why did he distinguish when it was sutable to his need betwixt a negative and a privative Nothing Besides privativenesse being but a word of relation referring to somewhat that it had but lost or should have had but mist of having that I may gratifie him for once with this distinction And Relation being but an Accident Adveniens enti in actu existenti It follows that that which is privative in relation to something of which it is so may have a positive being praeexistent to that privation in order of nature if not of time Thus in every Transmutation and in corruption more especially there is a privation of a form but not of all for as one goes out another enters Night succeeds Day as Satans image doth Gods And what if the last be a privation in respect of that which was before can it possibly argue no entity of the action by which the Image was introduced or of the Image it self abstractly taken I wish Mr. Hickman would minde his Grammar and know that privo is a verb active as much as pono as privare no less then ponere is an action properly so called and by consequence privatio just as much as positio is Thus the killing an innocent Christ which was we know the sin of murder however t was a privation in one respect was yet as positive an action as the most lawful execution of the blaspheming thief which in one respect was a privation also yet the murdering of Christ was neither a nullity nor was it produced by God himself as Mr. Hickman hath said that every real being is § 7. But there remaines a fourth thing of which our Rhapsodist is to be told to wit that the error on which Reverend Dr. Ham. affixt that Character a perfect phantasie and School notion was not simply and meerly this that sin is nothing or a non entity but together with this addition ● so that all things may be predetermined by God and yet not sin Fundam p. 178 lin 23. where shewing the tricks of those

observe how he defended and was faithfull to the King Lords and Commons to which he was Sworn and Sworn and Sworn again by his Confession Alluding I suppose to those three Oathes that of Allegiance that of Supremacy that of the Scotish and English Covenant Wherein He Swore to be faithfull and obedient to his Majesties person and posterity to assert and defend them with the utmost of his power that is to say with Life and Fortune He swore the two first with one hand upon the Bible the third with hands lifted up to the most high God After which I cannot tell whether he enter'd into the Engagement to be true and Faithfull to that which followed without the King and house of Lords but that he did as bad or worse I shall prove out of his writings by what now follows § 10. First he dedicates a book to Protector Richard wherein he playes the Parasitaster in a most loathsome manner The style in which he directs his Flattery is To his Highness Richard Lord Protector of the Common-Wealth of England Scotland and Ireland After which he begins to cogg with the man in these words These papers are Ambitious of Accompanying those against popery into your Highness presence for the tender of their service I observe the Nation generally rejoyceth in your peaceable entrance upon the Government Many are perswaded you have been strangely kept from participating in any of our late bloody contentions that God might make you an Healer of our Breaches and imploy you in that Temple-work which David himself might not be honoured with This would be the way to lift you highest in the esteem and love of all your People and make them see that you are appointed by God to be an Healer and Restorer and to glory in you and to blesse God for you as the instrument of our chiefest good My earnest prayers for your Highnesse shall be that you may rule us as one that is Ruled by God That you may alwayes remember you are Christs and your Peoples and not your own Your zeal for God will kindle in your Subjects a zeal for you Parliaments Ministers will heartily pray for you and praise the Lord for his mercies by you and Teach all the people to love honour and obey you I crave your Highness favourable acceptance of the tendred service of a Faithfull Subject to your Highness Richard Baxter In another Epistle to the same Richard to whom he dedicates another book he fawns and waggs the tail and catches at favour by these expressions You have your government and we our lives because the Papists are not strong enough Pope Pius V. in his Bull against our Queen Elizabeth saith we will and command that the Subjects take up Armes against that Haereticall and Excommunicated Queen Whether such Opinions as these should by us be uncontradicted or by you be suffered to be taught your Subjects is easie to discern We desire you that you would not advance us to temporal honours or dignities or power nor make us Lord Bishops nor to abound with the Riches of this World these things agree not with our calling Give not leave to every Seducer to do his worst to damn mens Souls when you will not tollerate every Tratior to draw your Armies or People into Rebellion If you ask who it is that presumeth thus to be your Monitor It is one that Rejoyceth in the present happiness of England and earnestly wisheth that it were but as well with the rest of the world and that honoureth all the providences of God by which we have been brought to what we are and he is one that concurring in the common hopes of greater blessings yet to these Nations under your Government was en●ouraged to do what you dayly allow your preachers to do and to concurr with the Rest in the Tenders and some performance of his service That God will make you a healer and preserver of his Churches here at home and a succesfull helper to his Churches abroad is the Earnest prayers of your Highness faithfull Subject Richard Baxter After this in a Third Epistle directed to the Army He calls the powers that were last laid by meaning either Richard or the Corrupt minority of the Garbled House but I rather suppose the Former The best governnours in all the world that have the supremacy whom to resist or depose is forbidden to Subjects on pain of Damnation In what respect he affirmeth those powers the best he explains by Wisdom and holyness conjunct And of the same he saith shall the best of Governours the greatest of mercies seem intollerable O how happy would the best of the Nations under heaven be if they had the Rulers that our Ingratitude hath cast off Again he tells them his book was written whilest the Lord Protector prudently piously faithfully to his immortall honour did exercise the Government Nay speaking I am sure either of Richard or the Rump but I think of Richard he saith he is bound to submit to the present Government as set over us by God and to obey for conscience and to behave himself as a loyall Subject towards them Nay his Reason for this is yet more monstrous first partially to Richard he saith A Full and Free Parliament hath owned it and so there is notoriously the Consent of the People which is the Evidence that some Princes had to justify the best Titles Next maliciously to the King his only rightfull Soveraign Lord he saith That they who plead Inheritance and Law must fetch the Original from Consent Lastly that nothing might be wanting to speak him a Time-server in grain He said to Richard concerning Oliver the bloodiest Tyrant in all the World That the Serious endeavours of his Renowned Father for the Protestants of Savoy had won him more esteem in the hearts of many that fear the Lord then all his Victories in themselves considered To which he added We pray that you may INHERIT a tender Care of the Cause of Christ plainly implying the Tyrant Oliver to have been Tenderly carefull of the Cause of Christ and so becoming by such Cajolrie a most eminent partaker in all his villanies Yet this is the man that stands neer Aeternity as he boasteth of himself and therefore unfaithfull Man-pleasing would be to him a double crime § 11. Having praemised his fearfull daubing with the Titularie Protectors whom he confessed to have Governed according to an instrument made by God knows who and according to the humble petition and advice made by all the world knows whom to wit a most illegall and Criminall sort of Traytors nicknamed a Parliament And with that having compared though not so fully as I intend his malicious disowning the Lords Anointed whom he had sworn and sworn and sworn again to be faithful unto and to defend against all such usurpers as Oliver Ale-seller and Richard

either from God or God himself and primarily none from men or divels The infirmities of the first * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Athan. contra Gentes mihi p. 6. c. * Look b●ck on ch 5. ● 5. num 7. Of the second By which he is proved out of his mouth to be the worst of Blasphemers p. 171. Of the third Wherein he makes God the Fountain of the Essence of sin Mr. Barlow in his exercit 2. de naturâ m●li p. 45.72 Aquinas 1.2 q. 79. Art 1. ad 3. Of the fourth Wherein he ascribeth unto God what God ascribeth unto the Divel 1 Ioh. 3.8 His third Argument artificial * Look back on c. 3. S. 2. ● 3 4 5 7 The positive importance of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not considered by Master Barlow Ex●r 2. pag. 39 51.65 Qui 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ☞ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dicit qui scortationem qui fur●tum dicit duo semper dicit materiale formale Alsted Lex Theol c. 8. p. 233. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dicta ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ut observat Alst ex Fran. Iu●io Vocabulum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quo hic utitur Johannes significat quicquid fit contra legem Hemm de viâ vitae p. 554. * D. H. Ham. in Fundamen c. 16. p. 183. † See the positive instances of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 1.29.30 31. ● The like Importance of peccatum proved by reason and experience Peccare significat Actionem tantùm non etiam omissionem Alsted ubi Supra * Omne peccatum DUO connotat Dr. Twisse Vin. Gra. l. 2. par● 1. p. 155. Matthaeus vero Marcus monstrant quod materia Peccati in Sp. Sanctum sit contemptus Christi Evangelii Hemming ubi supra p. 554 His 4th or last Argument † p. 88. Bellè dicunt Scholastici in omni Peccato considerari terminum à quo ●d quem Omne namque peccatum est defectio à Creatore ad Creaturam Als●ed lex Theol. c. 8. p. 232. A short account of those shif●s which pretend to be Answers to some few Arguments † 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ch 3. p. 156. Mic. 6.16 Gal. 5.19 Col. 1.21 Eph. 5 11. Heb 9.14 1 Iohn 3.8 Rev. 9.20 Of sins being called the works of the Devil His Concessions and contradictions about the habit of Drunkennesse * Autocatac● ch ● p. 161. p. 94. His Concessions and contradictions about the p●sitive filth of sin Ezek. 23.13 Ier. 13.23 * Isa. 5.18 † Mat. 11.41 * Mat 25.30 His concession tergiversation concerning blasphemy and Atheism c. Hi● r●markable forgerie of an Argument in his Adversaries name His stupendious impertinence and supposal of Grace in Hell or some privation besides All. 2 Sam. 13 14. Act. 7.51 Rom. 1.30 Matth. 10.15 Luk. 10.14 24. Of sins working Concupiscence Mr. Hickmans Answer absurd in 8. respects Of the efficient cause of sin Mr. H.'s conviction confession in despite of his whole Enterprise Of sins being nothing if no effect Mr. H●ckmans vain attempt to prove knavery to be nothing * 2. Cor. 8.12 * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hesiod Prov. 30 2● * Satis perspicuè intelligent nequaquam Stoicas opiniones in Ecclesiam invehendas esse Zenonis servus dicebat se injust● plecti quia fato coactus esset peccare Melanch●hon in loc com pag 54 The cause of punishment Mr. H. denial of any positive damnation unless he thinks it no punishment to be damn'd * ☞ See D SANDERSONS 4. Reasons for his rejecting the way of Doct. Twisse in Doctor Hammond's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 12 13. * p. 108. Mr. H. his flattery and condemnation of himself His willful falshood His self-contradiction and confession of having written against his conscience Dr. Hammond vindicated from Mr. H. his several Falsifications His confounding the things which he once distinguisht The s●d effects of the Calvinian Scheme Mr. H●'s sa●ciness and irreverence to Dr. Ham added to all his wilful forg●●ies His scurrilous usage of Dr. Taylor and its occasion Original sin The Diss●●isfaction of Episcopal Divines Dr. Taylor 's errour on the right hand extremely better then the heresie of Presbyteri●ns on the left M. H.'s preferring Calvin to the 4. Evan●elists * See the Quinquar●icularian History part 3. c. 16 p. 2. The way to sto● a papist's mouth Mr. H.'s sense of his s●urrility with his desire never to mend His new sense of his carnality And malignlty to the Episcopal Government * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Iren. l. 1. c. 8. p. 68. The first page of his Preface proves all that follows to be but the fruits of his revenge * Pref. p. 6. † Book p 1. * See Epist. before Hist. Qui●quar p. 6. His frivolous exception to Heathen learning * See my reasons for the use I make of th● Heathens in my sinner impleaded par 1. ch 1. Sect. 5. See Bp. Andrewes his d●fence of using the Heathens in our writings in his Sermon of Imaginations p. 31. * Note Reader that Menander● Comoedie is of Thais the famous Harlot out of which St. Paul ha●h cited that saying to the Corinthians See Grot vot pro Pa. p. 116. * Justin. Martyr 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ex edit Sylburg 1593. p. 7. ad p. 29. † 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clem. Alex. s●rom 7. p. 669. B. The Heathenish Nature of his own † See it prefixed to his Hist. Quinquar A. 3. * Polyb. l. 4. p. 285. A new Discovery of his stealth With their Aggravation Nulla fides pietasque viris qui Castra sequun●ur Lucan * Note the Rule in the civil Law that he who steales or purloynes another mans writings or bonds or the like is liable to an action of theft c. Digest 47.2.27 32. cited by Dr. Zouch in his C●ses of civil law p. 95. His mistake of Iustice for Drollerie The Calvinian Tenet renders all study uselesse * Note that that Sermon was long since Printed before reprinted in the Remaines of Mr. HALES The Kings declaration forbidding its being preached No good Arguing from evil custome The Lord Falklands judgment against Calvins Mr Hickmans inhumane and slanderous insinuation How much wo●se in himself then in any other Therefore thou art inexcusable O man for wherein thou judgest another thou condemnest thy self for thou that judgest dost the same things Rom. 2.1 It s odiousness sh●wn by a parallel case His profession of cordial friendship with its effect His sacrilegi●us Eulogie bestowed on them of his way The Doctrine of the Church of England vindicated with Bp Laud and Bp. Montague Of Mr. H.'s Impertinence implying Presbyterians to be Idolaters The Arch-Bishop cleared as to what he did against Sherfield See Dr. Ham. of Heresie p. 126. An Impartiall narrative of the case Bishop White in his Epistle Ded. before his Treatise of the Sabbath p. 22 23. The Doctrine of S. Iohn concerning A●tichrist Original sin assented