velite_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v but_o only_o either_o to_o advance_v to_o the_o van_n or_o retire_v to_o the_o rear_n through_o they_o and_o he_o know_v too_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o maniple_n be_v principal_o for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n to_o fall_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o second_o class_n and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o three_o batallion_n for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o full_a back_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o to_o allow_v but_o ten_o foot_n for_o every_o one_o of_o these_o interval_n be_v a_o inexcusable_a error_n in_o he_o and_o a_o conjecture_n which_o have_v no_o coherence_n with_o sense_n nor_o can_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o reason_n that_o general_n never_o breathe_v that_o can_v draw_v up_o a_o band_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o twelve_o file_n in_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n now_o every_o maniple_n of_o the_o pâ—â—â—cipes_n and_o hastati_fw-la according_a to_o 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accept_v and_o desire_v other_o to_o do_v so_o too_o of_o his_o own_o excuse_n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o as_o â—â—_o rerâ—â—â—â—_n veterâ—â—â—_n quas_fw-la excuse_v lipsius_n excuse_v revera_fw-la per_fw-la leves_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ah_o say_v he_o my_o darkness_n or_o that_o of_o ancient_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o must_v hunt_v after_o with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o through_o fallacious_a footstep_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o you_o may_v read_v very_o frequent_o in_o roman_a story_n of_o socii_fw-la ally_n and_o confederate_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n and_o stipulation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o a_o assistance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o consul_n require_v 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conjunction_n but_o that_o they_o be_v determinate_o and_o constant_o stint_v to_o such_o a_o number_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a story_n yet_o i_o find_v vegetius_n very_o positive_a in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o offer_v to_o assure_v vegetius_n mistake_v by_o vegetius_n his_o reader_n that_o neither_o ally_n nor_o auxiliary_n be_v ever_o in_o one_o army_n strong_a than_o the_o roman_n take_v his_o own_o word_n illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la ratio_fw-la servata_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la unquam_fw-la ampliâ—r_fw-la multitudo_fw-la sociorum_fw-la auxiliaxiumve_fw-la â—sset_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la quam_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la that_o care_n say_v he_o be_v take_v that_o no_o great_a number_n of_o ally_n or_o auxiliary_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o camp_n than_o of_o roman_a citizen_n and_o machiavelli_n in_o the_o three_o machiavelli_n mistake_v by_o machiavelli_n book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n say_v that_o every_o 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man_n who_o profess_v the_o name_n of_o christ_n than_o either_o grotius_n or_o machiavelli_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o that_o great_a doctor_n of_o the_o gentile_n think_v the_o art_n of_o soldiery_n consider_v a_o part_n and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o art_n either_o liberal_a or_o mechanical_a very_o lawful_a and_o therefore_o compare_v not_o the_o professor_n of_o it_o to_o infamous_a people_n such_o as_o grotius_n know_v hangman_n to_o be_v on_o the_o contrary_a the_o apostle_n propose_v a_o pure_a soldier_n who_o wait_v only_o on_o his_o own_o art_n of_o war_n as_o a_o fit_a example_n for_o his_o son_n timothy_n to_o follow_v read_v the_o three_o and_o four_o verse_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o timothy_n you_o will_v find_v these_o word_n thou_o therefore_o endure_v hardness_n at_o a_o good_a soldier_n of_o jesus_n christ_n no_o man_n that_o war_v entangle_v himself_o with_o the_o thing_n of_o this_o life_n that_o he_o may_v please_v 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but_o i_o think_v by_o this_o text_n man_n be_v forbid_v to_o learn_v any_o other_o art_n after_o they_o be_v actual_a minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v churchman_n be_v forbid_v to_o have_v plurality_n of_o profession_n which_o perhaps_o they_o will_v be_v content_v to_o hear_v with_o better_a will_n than_o to_o have_v it_o tell_v they_o that_o plurality_n of_o benefice_n be_v forbid_v the_o clergy_n but_o because_o grotius_n have_v make_v use_n of_o st._n austine_n authority_n against_o i_o in_o authority_n st._n austinâ—'s_n authority_n this_o question_n which_o i_o have_v clear_v i_o shall_v presume_v to_o cite_v that_o same_o father_n in_o defence_n of_o my_o cause_n it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v read_v but_o few_o of_o his_o learned_a book_n but_o the_o passage_n i_o mind_n to_o speak_v of_o i_o have_v read_v cite_v by_o a_o very_a worthy_a and_o credible_a author_n and_o though_o he_o cite_v it_o for_o another_o purpose_n yet_o find_v it_o make_v very_o much_o for_o i_o i_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o make_v use_n of_o it_o the_o word_n be_v in_o one_o of_o his_o book_n against_o the_o manichee_n and_o be_v these_o non_fw-la est_fw-la potest_fw-la as_o niâ—i_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la â—ive_a â—nbâ—nte_n sive_fw-la sinente_fw-la ergo_fw-la vir_fw-la iustùs_fw-la si_fw-la fortè_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la etiam_fw-la sacrilego_fw-la militat_fw-la rectè_fw-la potest_fw-la illo_fw-la jubente_fw-la bellare_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la enim_fw-la regem_fw-la facit_fw-la reum_fw-la iniquit_fw-la as_o imperandi_fw-la ita_fw-la innocentem_fw-la militem_fw-la facit_fw-la ordo_fw-la serviendi_fw-la english_a i_o this_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr grot_n but_o because_o you_o eâ—ther_n can_v or_o will_v not_o i_o both_o can_v and_o will_v there_o be_v no_o power_n say_v he_o but_o from_o god_n either_o command_a or_o permit_v it_o therefore_o if_o sometime_o a_o righteous_a man_n serve_v as_o a_o soldier_n under_o a_o sacrilegious_a king_n he_o may_v lawful_o fight_v when_o he_o be_v command_v for_o as_o the_o sin_n of_o command_v make_v that_o king_n guilty_a so_o the_o obedience_n of_o serve_v make_v that_o soldier_n innocent_a this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v yet_o say_v this_o great_a and_o pious_a divine_a seem_v to_o i_o to_o assert_v that_o a_o soldier_n art_n be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o fight_v when_o command_v even_o in_o a_o cause_n the_o justice_n whereof_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o he_o yea_o though_o the_o injustice_n of_o it_o be_v make_v apparent_a to_o he_o but_o assure_o st._n austin_n mean_v to_o except_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v diametrical_o against_o the_o word_n and_o will_n of_o god_n for_o the_o rule_n hold_v firm_a and_o perpetual_a better_a obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o other_o matter_n the_o soldier_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o to_o examine_v the_o quarrel_n the_o sin_n of_o command_v to_o fight_v in_o a_o unjust_a cause_n render_v the_o soldier_n obedience_n in_o 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centuriates_n have_v but_o one_o ensign_n in_o what_o roman_a author_n he_o first_o lipsius_n will_v allow_v but_o one_o ensign_n for_o a_o maniple_n his_o reason_n examine_v and_o answer_v first_o have_v read_v this_o i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o be_o confident_a he_o see_v neither_o of_o the_o two_o practise_v in_o his_o own_o country_n during_o the_o whole_a war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o netherlands_o which_o begin_v a_o little_a before_o he_o begin_v to_o write_v but_o it_o be_v fit_a we_o hear_v and_o answer_v the_o reason_n wherewith_o he_o endeavour_v to_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n first_o he_o cite_v varro_n who_o mention_n but_o one_o signum_fw-la or_o banner_n in_o one_o maniple_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o varro_n in_o that_o place_n intend_v not_o to_o inform_v we_o whether_o there_o be_v two_o ensign_n or_o one_o in_o the_o maniple_n that_o not_o be_v the_o subject_n or_o matter_n of_o his_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o one_o he_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o may_v be_v two_o second_o second_o second_o say_v lipsius_n since_o there_o be_v but_o one_o eagle_n in_o the_o legion_n there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o banner_n in_o the_o maniple_n true_o he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v say_v but_o one_o banner_n in_o the_o cohort_n the_o analogy_n will_v have_v hold_v as_o well_o if_o not_o better_o it_o be_v the_o roman_n plreasure_n to_o have_v but_o one_o eagle_n in_o every_o legion_n and_o one_o colour_n in_o every_o centuriate_a and_o the_o question_n be_v de_fw-fr re_fw-mi gestâ_fw-la of_o the_o thing_n do_v and_o not_o of_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o deed_n itself_o three_o he_o say_v polybius_n speak_v of_o three_o three_o two_o signiferi_fw-la or_o ensign-bearer_n but_o not_o of_o two_o ensign_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o lipsius_n add_v help_v he_o that_o he_o think_v the_o one_o ensign-bearer_n be_v to_o relieve_v the_o other_o when_o he_o be_v weary_v to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o reason_n i_o say_v it_o be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o when_o polybius_n say_v there_o be_v two_o ensign-bearer_n he_o say_v in_o these_o word_n there_o be_v likewise_o two_o ensign_n for_o if_o lipsius_n shall_v say_v in_o one_o brigade_n there_o be_v two_o colonel_n will_v not_o any_o man_n infer_v that_o there_o be_v two_o regiment_n in_o that_o brigade_n to_o the_o second_o part_n that_o the_o one_o ensign-bearer_n serve_v to_o relieve_v and_o ease_v the_o other_o it_o be_v but_o a_o conjecture_n of_o lipsius_n and_o he_o guess_v not_o always_o right_a for_o why_o shall_v there_o be_v two_o ensign-bearer_n for_o one_o ensign_n since_o there_o be_v but_o one_o eagle_n bearer_n for_o one_o eagle_n which_o be_v much_o heavy_a and_o of_o more_o consequence_n than_o a_o ordinary_a banner_n four_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o caesar_n beat_v pompey_n at_o pharsalia_n forth_o forth_o he_o take_v nine_o eagle_n that_o be_v say_v he_o one_o for_o every_o legion_n but_o he_o take_v only_o one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o ensign_n now_o say_v lipsius_n if_o there_o have_v be_v two_o colour_n in_o every_o maniple_n he_o shall_v have_v take_v five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o of_o they_o i_o wonder_v why_o so_o grave_a a_o man_n as_o lipsius_n will_v propose_v so_o ridiculous_a a_o argument_n for_o first_o caesar_n get_v not_o all_o pompey_n eagle_n for_o himself_o write_v that_o pompey_n have_v one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o cohort_n these_o make_v up_o eleven_o complete_a legion_n but_o caesar_n get_v but_o nine_o eagle_n and_o so_o he_o want_v the_o two_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o two_o legion_n and_o if_o he_o have_v get_v all_o the_o ensign_n that_o belong_v to_o those_o nine_o eagle_n reckon_v two_o ensign_n to_o every_o maniple_n he_o have_v get_v no_o few_o than_o five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o or_o yet_o according_a to_o
right_a wing_n of_o the_o batallion_n so_o the_o five_o be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n these_o five_o cohort_n make_v up_o the_o first_o acies_fw-la or_o batallion_n our_o author_n proceed_v and_o tell_v we_o the_o six_o cohort_n batallion_n the_o second_o batallion_n consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n in_o it_o must_v be_v those_o of_o the_o young_a year_n he_o mean_v the_o hastati_fw-la because_o the_o six_o cohort_n have_v its_o station_n behind_o the_o eagle_n and_o the_o ensign_n the_o seven_o cohort_n have_v in_o it_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n the_o eight_o have_v as_o many_o but_o they_o must_v be_v courageous_a man_n because_o they_o keep_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n the_o nine_o consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o horse_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ten_o but_o the_o soldier_n must_v be_v good_a warrior_n because_o they_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n now_o you_o see_v the_o first_o batallion_n consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o ninety_o six_o horse_n and_o the_o second_o batallion_n of_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n and_o so_o the_o legion_n be_v complete_o divide_v into_o these_o two_o batallion_n without_o reserve_n for_o a_o three_o body_n which_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v and_o he_o aver_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n mark_v it_o of_o arm_a man_n in_o every_o legion_n a_o great_a sometime_o have_v be_v and_o for_o a_o corollary_n to_o this_o division_n of_o a_o legion_n he_o say_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n that_o there_o be_v in_o every_o legion_n fifty_o five_o centurion_n if_o any_o man_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o what_o he_o have_v say_v already_o he_o may_v read_v he_o in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n and_o there_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o hear_v he_o speak_v that_o same_o language_n with_o very_o little_a difference_n our_o author_n say_v by_o the_o example_n of_o one_o legion_n he_o will_v declare_v how_o the_o again_o the_o same_o thing_n over_o again_o field_n shall_v be_v marshal_v when_o a_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v fight_v the_o horse_n say_v he_o be_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n let_v we_o remember_v this_o the_o body_n of_o the_o foot_n say_v he_o begin_v to_o be_v order_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n where_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v place_v to_o this_o be_v joyn'n_v the_o second_o cohort_n the_o three_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o batallion_n to_o it_o join_v the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n all_o say_v he_o that_o fight_v in_o this_o first_o batallion_n be_v call_v principes_fw-la and_o there_o he_o describe_v their_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a arm_n needless_a here_o to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o second_o battle_n say_v he_o be_v of_o the_o hastati_fw-la arm_v as_o the_o principes_fw-la after_o these_o be_v the_o light_n arm_v with_o plumbatae_fw-la sword_n bow_n and_o arrow_n slinger_n there_o be_v likewise_o who_o cast_v stone_n out_o of_o sling_n and_o batton-sling_n also_o darter_n who_o he_o say_v shoot_v arrow_n out_o of_o manubalist_n and_o arcubalist_n thereafter_o he_o tell_v we_o forget_v what_o he_o say_v but_o seven_o or_o eight_o line_n before_o that_o the_o second_o batallion_n o_o memory_n where_o be_v thou_o consist_v of_o hastati_fw-la and_o say_v he_o not_o remember_v he_o have_v tell_v we_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o batallion_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v place_v the_o six_o cohort_n to_o which_o be_v join_v the_o seven_o the_o eight_o keep_v the_o middle_a battle_n accompany_v with_o the_o nine_o and_o the_o ten_o cohort_n keep_v constant_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n and_o so_o our_o author_n end_v that_o chapter_n thus_o we_o have_v twice_o in_o two_o several_a chapter_n the_o description_n of_o a_o full_a legion_n divide_v into_o ten_o cohort_n and_o these_o ten_o marshal_v in_o two_o batallion_n or_o class_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n forget_v triarâ—i_n forget_v of_o the_o triarii_n or_o leave_v room_n for_o they_o but_o in_o the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n as_o if_o some_o body_n have_v awaken_v he_o out_o of_o his_o dream_n he_o say_v after_o all_o these_o batallion_n the_o triarii_n be_v place_v arm_v with_o cataphract_n headpiece_n sword_n dagger_n semispathis_n two_o dart_n and_o lead-bullet_n weapon_n give_v to_o that_o class_n by_o none_o but_o himself_o these_o triarii_n say_v he_o kneel_v on_o one_o knee_n rest_v till_o the_o first_o battle_n remember_v at_o length_n remember_v chance_v to_o be_v beat_v they_o may_v renew_v the_o fight_n if_o any_o man_n think_v he_o have_v do_v well_o to_o remember_v the_o triarii_n at_o last_o who_o be_v the_o roman_n great_a strength_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a he_o enjoy_v his_o opinion_n provide_v he_o let_v i_o keep_v i_o which_o be_v that_o he_o need_v not_o now_o have_v mention_v they_o at_o all_o since_o he_o have_v already_o marshal_v his_o legion_n all_o the_o ten_o cohort_n of_o it_o and_o all_o the_o full_a number_n of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n complete_o without_o they_o whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n velite_n velite_n of_o the_o fight_n the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la stand_v still_o and_o move_v not_o and_o the_o triarii_n kneel_v or_o sit_v for_o he_o speak_v of_o both_o posture_n till_o the_o light_n arm_v have_v skirmish_v and_o be_v beat_v in_o to_o the_o legionary_n and_o after_o the_o victory_n the_o heavy_a arm_v keep_v their_o ground_n and_o stand_v like_o a_o wall_n leave_v the_o pursuit_n of_o the_o rout_v enemy_n to_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o velite_n but_o i_o can_v find_v in_o my_o heart_n to_o part_v with_o vegetius_n till_o i_o see_v how_o he_o will_v marshal_v legion_n once_o more_o marshal_v yet_o be_v please_v to_o dispose_v of_o the_o triarii_n and_o i_o find_v he_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n begin_v de_fw-fr novo_fw-la to_o marshal_v the_o foot_n as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o speak_v one_o word_n of_o it_o before_o it_o be_v say_v he_o the_o law_n of_o embattel_v to_o place_v the_o old_a and_o experience_a soldier_n in_o the_o first_o order_n here_o he_o confound_v ordo_fw-la and_o acies_fw-la and_o these_o be_v call_v principes_fw-la in_o the_o second_o be_v the_o hastati_fw-la and_o then_o he_o speak_v of_o distance_n between_o the_o order_n whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o interval_n the_o three_o order_n or_o body_n be_v of_o the_o swift_a velite_n as_o darter_n and_o the_o young_a archer_n the_o four_o be_v of_o the_o young_a archer_n good_a lord_n again_o young_a archer_n and_o these_o say_v he_o who_o repetition_n strange_a repetition_n be_v call_v lancier_n and_o be_v also_o call_v martiobarboli_n and_o be_v lead-caster_n if_o these_o beat_v the_o enemy_n say_v he_o they_o pursue_v he_o too_o but_o if_o they_o be_v beat_v they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o first_o and_o second_o batallion_n suppose_v of_o heavy_a arm_v you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n love_v to_o refresh_v his_o reader_n memory_n well_o then_o the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n fight_v before_o the_o first_o and_o second_o or_o any_o of_o they_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n in_o the_o five_o batallion_n our_o author_n place_n carrobalist_n slinger_n and_o batton-slingers_a but_o i_o must_v propose_v a_o question_n or_o two_o by_o the_o way_n first_o do_v the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n both_o which_o as_o you_o see_v question_n two_o question_n he_o make_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o velite_n after_o they_o have_v fight_v with_o and_o be_v repel_v by_o a_o enemy_n retire_v only_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la or_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o army_n i_o suppose_v the_o last_o though_o vegetius_n through_o inadvertency_n say_v only_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o two_o first_o batallion_n for_o if_o so_o they_o â—ad_v undoubted_o obstruct_v very_o much_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o triarii_n or_o the_o retreat_n of_o both_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la my_o next_o query_n be_v why_o vegetius_n do_v not_o appoint_v the_o slinger_n and_o batton_n slinger_n to_o skirmish_v in_o the_o van_n as_o well_o as_o
quantity_n of_o ground_n be_v always_o keep_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o by_o the_o castrametator_n in_o lipsius_n his_o own_o day_n who_o will_v have_v laugh_v at_o this_o fancy_n of_o his_o and_o be_v still_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n neither_o can_v lipsius_n allow_v less_o ground_n for_o the_o velite_n than_o the_o half_a of_o that_o which_o the_o heavy_a arm_a have_v and_o that_o be_v rather_o too_o little_a so_o that_o of_o necessity_n fifty_o foot_n must_v have_v be_v take_v from_o the_o alarm-place_n for_o their_o bad_a accommodation_n now_o this_o can_v be_v do_v without_o reflect_v on_o polybius_n who_o if_o he_o have_v intend_v any_o such_o thing_n will_v have_v allow_v only_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o and_o not_o two_o hundred_o foot_n for_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o alarm_n place_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v pomâ—rium_n next_o how_o can_v you_o call_v that_o the_o place_n of_o arm_n for_o the_o heavy_a arm_v where_o the_o light_n arm_v have_v take_v up_o their_o lodging_n and_o pitch_v their_o tent_n beside_o all_o this_o polybius_n be_v very_o positive_a that_o the_o extraordinary_n of_o the_o ally_n shall_v lodge_v near_a the_o rampart_n at_o the_o praetorian_a port_n the_o place_n of_o arm_n be_v only_o between_o they_o and_o it_o the_o heavy_a arm_a roman_a foot_n at_o the_o decuman_a and_o the_o sâ—cii_n at_o the_o two_o side_n port_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o velite_n be_v interpose_v between_o they_o and_o these_o port_n and_o rampart_n and_o lipsius_n may_v likewise_o have_v remember_v that_o one_o of_o the_o reason_n why_o polybius_n will_v have_v two_o hundred_o foot_n of_o void_a ground_n between_o the_o rampart_n and_o the_o soldier_n tent_n be_v that_o the_o soldier_n by_o that_o distance_n may_v be_v safe_a from_o dart_n or_o arrow_n throw_v or_o shoot_v in_o the_o night_n time_n by_o a_o enemy_n over_o the_o rampart_n unless_o lipsius_n think_v that_o the_o velite_n receive_v these_o dart_n and_o arrow_n in_o their_o body_n do_v serve_v as_o a_o second_o retrenchment_n to_o the_o heavy_a arm_v so_o be_v lipsius_n his_o conjecture_n right_a or_o be_v it_o wrong_n he_o may_v own_v it_o himself_o and_o own_o it_o indeed_o he_o must_v for_o he_o can_v father_n it_o on_o polybius_n the_o three_o conjecture_n be_v of_o terduzzi_n who_o will_v have_v the_o velite_n to_o be_v quarter_v conjecture_n three_o conjecture_n without_o the_o camp_n in_o the_o procâ—stria_fw-la or_o suburb_n of_o it_o and_o to_o bear_v they_o company_n he_o send_v out_o with_o they_o all_o the_o merchant_n victualler_n and_o sutâ—ers_n i_o think_v this_o the_o plain_a language_n of_o all_o for_o within_o he_o see_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o lodge_v they_o but_o i_o admire_v what_o pretext_n of_o authority_n he_o have_v out_o of_o history_n conâ—â—ted_a conâ—â—ted_a for_o this_o opinion_n all_o he_o say_v be_v that_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o be_v receive_v again_o within_o the_o camp_n but_o he_o put_v we_o just_o 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in_o the_o garrison_n it_o be_v fit_v the_o colonel_n lieutenant_n colonel_n and_o major_n be_v man_n of_o good_a understanding_n and_o experience_n that_o if_o either_o the_o governor_n or_o any_o of_o they_o chance_n to_o die_v which_o frequent_o fall_v out_o those_o who_o succeed_v to_o they_o by_o their_o antiquity_n or_o priority_n of_o place_n may_v be_v endue_v with_o those_o qualification_n that_o be_v suitable_a to_o their_o trust_n and_o charge_n be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o qualification_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o those_o who_o be_v to_o assist_v he_o let_v we_o in_o the_o next_o place_n take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o duty_n he_o owe_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o siege_n before_o the_o danger_n be_v near_o he_o governor_n duty_n of_o a_o governor_n shall_v destroy_v all_o the_o suburb_n for_o those_o
you_o daily_o see_v for_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o very_a mean_a officer_n when_o he_o tell_v you_o he_o like_v not_o such_o a_o thing_n because_o he_o never_o see_v it_o before_o i_o wish_v with_o all_o my_o heart_n that_o this_o follow_a treatise_n may_v afford_v you_o some_o help_n to_o so_o noble_a a_o study_n in_o it_o i_o give_v you_o few_o or_o rather_o no_o rule_n of_o my_o own_o i_o be_o not_o so_o vain_a but_o i_o go_v very_o far_o back_o to_o search_v for_o they_o in_o all_o the_o remain_v of_o antiquity_n and_o let_v it_o not_o offend_v you_o that_o i_o illustrate_v rule_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n by_o several_a instance_n i_o do_v it_o purposely_o because_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v rather_o lead_v by_o example_n than_o drive_v by_o precept_n this_o seem_v to_o impose_v that_o only_o to_o invite_v to_o a_o noble_a emulation_n beside_o the_o right_a or_o wrong_n do_v of_o a_o action_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n be_v better_a clear_v by_o the_o first_o than_o by_o the_o last_o and_o if_o i_o seem_v to_o clash_v with_o the_o old_a master_n or_o new_a tactic_n of_o the_o ancient_n or_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n i_o give_v my_o reason_n for_o it_o which_o you_o may_v either_o approve_v or_o disapprove_v as_o you_o please_v without_o do_v i_o the_o least_o injury_n when_o i_o tell_v my_o own_o opinion_n of_o military_a custom_n look_v back_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v find_v any_o glimmer_a light_n of_o history_n to_o direct_v i_o i_o give_v also_o my_o reason_n which_o you_o may_v likewise_o reject_v if_o you_o please_v for_o by_o so_o do_v i_o shall_v neither_o be_v condemn_v for_o heresy_n nor_o schism_n if_o any_o gentleman_n curiosity_n lead_v he_o to_o inquire_v why_o i_o print_v this_o book_n i_o shall_v answer_v he_o first_o i_o can_v sincere_o assure_v he_o vanity_n to_o make_v myself_o know_v in_o the_o world_n push_v i_o not_o to_o it_o else_o i_o have_v not_o let_v it_o lie_v unprint_v by_o i_o ten_o whole_a year_n after_o first_o i_o write_v it_o next_o very_o few_o can_v importune_v i_o to_o publish_v it_o since_o very_o few_o do_v know_v i_o have_v write_v it_o nor_o do_v i_o indeed_o make_v it_o public_a to_o disabuse_v some_o gay_a man_n by_o let_v they_o see_v they_o know_v no_o more_o than_o their_o neighbour_n and_o yet_o the_o do_v so_o have_v be_v charity_n if_o my_o offer_n have_v be_v receive_v as_o kind_o as_o i_o intend_v it_o the_o consideration_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o it_o be_v in_o short_a this_o when_o i_o have_v end_v all_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o say_v of_o the_o grecian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n and_o dare_v not_o hazard_v on_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n i_o be_v encourage_v to_o proceed_v to_o that_o and_o to_o bring_v all_o i_o intend_v to_o as_o great_a perfection_n as_o i_o can_v by_o a_o great_a master_n and_o good_a judge_n in_o those_o affair_n and_o when_o i_o have_v do_v so_o that_o noble_a person_n after_o my_o concealment_n of_o it_o some_o year_n desire_v to_o peruse_v it_o and_o as_o he_o have_v persuade_v i_o to_o finish_v so_o he_o prevail_v with_o i_o to_o publish_v these_o essay_n but_o be_v please_v to_o know_v he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o his_o majesty_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o to_o command_v his_o scottish_a army_n towards_o the_o end_n whereof_o he_o rout_v the_o rebel_n at_o pentland_n the_o very_a same_o person_n be_v again_o entrust_v by_o his_o majesty_n with_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o force_n in_o the_o year_n 1679._o and_o continue_v still_o in_o that_o command_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o general_n dalyell_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a you_o may_v ask_v i_o what_o move_v i_o to_o begin_v to_o write_v these_o discourse_n but_o for_o that_o if_o i_o be_v put_v to_o the_o rack_n till_o i_o give_v you_o my_o reason_n i_o can_v give_v no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o be_v out_o of_o employment_n and_o not_o accustom_a to_o a_o idle_a life_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o pass_v away_o my_o solitary_a and_o retire_a hour_n with_o a_o more_o harmless_a divertisement_n the_o content_n of_o the_o book_n book_n i._n military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n in_o general_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o army_n and_o order_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o election_n levy_n and_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a of_o the_o grecian_n 7_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o great_a englines_n and_o machine_n of_o the_o train_n and_o exercise_v of_o the_o grecian_n 9_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o grecian_a infantry_n 12_o chap._n vi_o aelian_n marshal_n the_o grecian_a infantry_n examine_v 14_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o grecian_a cavalry_n and_o some_o observation_n of_o it_o 19_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n of_o its_o number_n and_o how_o marshal_v with_o some_o observation_n of_o both_o 23_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o grecian_a march_n baggage_n encamp_v guard_n and_o of_o their_o paean_n 26_o chap._n x._o one_o of_o our_o modern_a army_n compare_v with_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n 28_o book_n ii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n p._n 33_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o military_a election_n and_o levy_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 40_o chap._n iii_o of_o their_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o of_o their_o military_a oath_n 42_o chap._n iv_o of_o sieges_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o great_a engine_n and_o machine_n use_v in_o they_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_n 49_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o military_a exercise_n duty_n burden_n march_n and_o work_v of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 57_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a infantry_n of_o all_o its_o several_a body_n and_o their-officer_n 61_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n 74_o chap._n viii_o of_o their_o trumpeter_n hornwinder_n and_o of_o the_o classicum_fw-la 79_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o roman_a pay_n proviant_a and_o of_o their_o donative_n 81_o chap._n x._o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o titus_n livius_n with_o lipsius_n his_o amendment_n 84_o chap._n xi_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o flavius_n vegetius_n 87_o chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v 89_o chap._n xiii_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o polybius_n 95_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o distance_n and_o interval_n between_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n 96_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o of_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o 102_o chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o of_o some_o mistake_n concern_v it_o 105_o chap._n xvii_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n marshal_v in_o the_o field_n and_o of_o some_o general_a officer_n belong_v to_o it_o 108_o chap._n xviii_o of_o several_a figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o battle_n 112_o chap._n xix_o of_o some_o custom_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n before_o in_o the_o time_n of_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n 115_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 118_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 121_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o roman_a guard_n watch_n watchword_n and_o round_n 133_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n treaty_n parley_n and_o article_n among_o the_o ancient_n 136_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n 145_o chap._n xxv_o polybius_n his_o comparison_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n and_o the_o roman_a legion_n review_v 150_o book_n iii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n in_o general_n p._n 157_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v of_o their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v 163_o chap._n iii_o of_o armour_n or_o defensive_a arm_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n both_o for_o their_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n 168_o chap._n iv_o of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o infantry_n of_o several_a nation_n 171_o chap._n v._o of_o offenffve_n arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o several_a nation_n 173_o chap._n vi_o master_n lupton_n book_n
so_o wander_v and_o so_o little_a constant_a to_o himself_o that_o i_o go_v away_o from_o he_o and_o those_o who_o comment_n on_o he_o as_o ignorant_a of_o some_o point_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n as_o when_o i_o meet_v with_o either_o he_o or_o they_o i_o be_o not_o guilty_a nor_o shall_v be_v of_o so_o great_a presumption_n as_o to_o fix_v any_o blemish_n on_o a_o person_n who_o name_n have_v be_v hold_v for_o so_o many_o age_n in_o so_o much_o reputation_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v think_v first_o we_o have_v not_o all_o he_o write_v on_o that_o subject_n though_o excuse_v excuse_v his_o treatise_n seem_v to_o be_v full_a and_o next_o that_o when_o print_v first_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n some_o paper_n of_o his_o have_v be_v too_o careless_o piece_v together_o and_o that_o perhaps_o put_v in_o several_a chapter_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v in_o one_o hence_o may_v come_v his_o frequent_a tautology_n and_o a_o close_o make_v to_o a_o paragraph_n to_o which_o the_o author_n perhaps_o intend_v a_o addition_n or_o interpretation_n and_o thereby_o in_o some_o place_n he_o be_v make_v to_o speak_v that_o sense_n which_o perhaps_o he_o never_o intend_v nor_o dare_v i_o qualify_v vegetius_n as_o lipsius_n in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o poliorketikon_n vegetius_n lipsius_n severe_a to_o vegetius_n very_o magisterial_o do_v in_o these_o word_n bone_fw-la vegetius_n hic_fw-la &_o alibisolutâ—s_fw-la &_o negligens_fw-la &_o parum_fw-la ad_fw-la genium_fw-la antiquum_fw-la nec_fw-la peccarem_fw-la sitalem_fw-la testem_fw-la rejicerem_fw-la &_o contemnerem_fw-la good_a vegetius_n say_v he_o here_o and_o elsewhere_o loose_a and_o negligent_a who_o have_v little_a of_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o ancient_n neither_o shall_v i_o commit_v any_o sin_n if_o i_o shall_v reject_v or_o contemn_v such_o a_o witness_n though_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o intend_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o roman_a military_a art_n in_o all_o its_o dimension_n yet_o it_o be_v 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be_v choose_v the_o senator_n dictator_n consul_n proconsul_n praetor_n and_o propraetor_n till_o the_o commons_o after_o long_a strife_n wrong_v from_o the_o patritian_n the_o privilege_n to_o have_v a_o plebeian_n consul_n and_o other_o magistrate_n out_o of_o the_o equestral_a order_n be_v all_o their_o horseman_n levy_v so_o that_o all_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n be_v gentleman_n which_o custom_n be_v follow_v gentleman_n roman_n horseman_n all_o gentleman_n by_o many_o nation_n for_o many_o age_n but_o be_v now_o well_o near_o wear_v out_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o censor_n of_o the_o plebeian_n or_o commons_o be_v the_o foot_n soldier_n elect_v vegetius_n say_v that_o the_o countrey-fellow_n be_v rather_o choose_v than_o those_o breed_v in_o city_n and_o in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o require_v bigness_n or_o talness_n of_o body_n as_o marius_n do_v as_o the_o largeness_n of_o their_o breast_n the_o 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they_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribe_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n but_o in_o the_o macedonian_a the_o consul_n have_v the_o election_n of_o they_o two_o year_n after_o that_o war_n be_v end_v livy_n inform_v we_o the_o tribe_n resume_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o elect_v their_o tribune_n the_o manner_n in_o which_o the_o tribune_n or_o colonel_n elect_v their_o soldier_n be_v elect_v how_o the_o legion_n be_v elect_v this_o every_o tribe_n divide_v its_o man_n that_o be_v fit_a for_o service_n by_o four_o of_o the_o first_o four_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n choose_v one_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n choose_v the_o second_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o three_o legion_n choose_v the_o three_o and_o the_o four_o man_n fall_v to_o the_o lot_n of_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o four_o legion_n of_o the_o second_o four_o the_o first_o tribune_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n choose_v the_o first_o of_o 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of_o any_o part_n of_o it_o but_o all_o of_o they_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o whole_a legion_n but_o to_o shun_v both_o confusion_n and_o contention_n they_o command_v about_o a_o month_n by_o turn_n for_o polybius_n in_o his_o five_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o two_o tribune_n have_v the_o command_n for_o one_o month_n alternative_o his_o meaning_n certain_o be_v two_o tribune_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o which_o there_o be_v two_o legion_n of_o roman_n beside_o ally_n and_o tribune_n military_a tribune_n that_o be_v still_o one_o tribune_n for_o every_o legion_n and_o so_o the_o tribune_n have_v their_o turn_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o polybius_n suppose_v that_o the_o army_n stay_v in_o the_o field_n but_o six_o month_n and_o ordinary_o they_o stay_v no_o long_o and_o sometime_o not_o so_o long_o yet_o we_o find_v that_o sometime_o they_o stay_v abroad_o all_o the_o winter_n over_o the_o first_o practice_n whereof_o be_v at_o the_o 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right_a hand_n of_o the_o triarii_n but_o if_o he_o have_v remember_v of_o some_o thing_n that_o no_o question_n he_o know_v he_o will_v not_o have_v vent_v this_o opinion_n of_o he_o for_o first_o the_o consul_n can_v not_o be_v beside_o two_o eagle_n and_o conjecture_n lipsius_n err_v in_o his_o conjecture_n therefore_o the_o tribune_n of_o both_o legion_n can_v not_o be_v beside_o he_o second_o the_o consul_n as_o all_o history_n witness_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v constant_o at_o the_o eagle_n that_o he_o be_v but_o very_o seldom_o beside_o any_o of_o the_o eagle_n except_o when_o he_o be_v to_o lead_v the_o triarii_n up_o to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o other_o two_o class_n and_o many_o time_n he_o do_v this_o by_o a_o sign_n and_o not_o in_o person_n three_o it_o have_v be_v great_a shame_n for_o a_o knot_n of_o colonel_n to_o have_v stand_v all_o of_o they_o beside_o the_o triarii_n when_o the_o other_o two_o batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v at_o 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the_o roman_a pay_n that_o which_o indeed_o stumble_v i_o most_o be_v that_o the_o ensign-bearer_n be_v not_o reckon_v to_o be_v officer_n and_o i_o conceive_v this_o have_v be_v a_o neglect_n in_o both_o vegetius_n and_o polybius_n that_o they_o have_v not_o give_v we_o right_a information_n of_o that_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v but_o suppose_v the_o roman_n do_v assure_o give_v to_o their_o ensign_n some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a allowance_n for_o carry_v the_o colour_n especial_o since_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o soldier_n pay_v and_o booty_n and_o of_o their_o largess_n and_o donative_n too_o be_v deposit_v in_o the_o ensign_n hand_n or_o at_o the_o colour_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o soldier_n dismission_n of_o which_o hereafter_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o my_o best_a understanding_n caesar_n do_v not_o acknowledge_v any_o foot_n officer_n or_o commander_n in_o a_o legion_n or_o in_o the_o army_n but_z tribunes_z and_o centurion_n hear_v himself_o in_o two_o 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the_o roman_a horse_n by_o vegetius_n horse_n the_o sum_n of_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o the_o horse_n all_o he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_a amount_n to_o this_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v as_o a_o band_n of_o foot_n be_v call_v a_o century_n or_o a_o maniple_n so_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n be_v call_v a_o turma_fw-la that_o be_v a_o troop_n that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o troop_n consist_v of_o thirty_o two_o rider_n whereof_o the_o commander_n be_v call_v a_o decurion_n and_o he_o describe_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o person_n not_o only_o well_o arm_v and_o horse_v and_o active_a and_o expert_a in_o all_o feat_n of_o horsemanship_n but_o able_a to_o teach_v his_o trooper_n to_o be_v so_o likewise_o and_o to_o keep_v their_o arm_n bright_a and_o clean_o and_o their_o horse_n in_o good_a case_n in_o the_o twenty_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o cataphract_v horseman_n or_o cuirassier_n arm_v at_o all_o piece_n be_v free_a from_o wound_n how_o can_v this_o be_v when_o their_o face_n be_v not_o cover_v but_o be_v not_o able_a say_v he_o to_z do_v great_a matter_n because_o of_o the_o heaviness_n of_o their_o armour_n yet_o good_a at_o close_a fight_n either_o before_o the_o foot_n or_o mix_v with_o they_o to_o beat_v a_o batallion_n of_o a_o enemy_n this_o be_v all_o so_o we_o remain_v ignorant_a till_o he_o come_v to_o marshal_v his_o legion_n of_o vegetius_n omission_n of_o vegetius_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o even_o then_o for_o he_o we_o know_v not_o how_o the_o horseman_n be_v levy_v oâ—_n elect_v how_o they_o be_v pay_v how_o they_o watch_v or_o what_o other_o duty_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v how_o deep_o they_o be_v marshal_v when_o and_o where_o they_o march_v or_o fight_v what_o distance_n be_v between_o their_o rank_n and_o file_n and_o what_o interval_n between_o their_o turme_n or_o
troop_n let_v we_o see_v how_o polybius_n will_v help_v we_o in_o all_o or_o in_o any_o of_o these_o in_o his_o six_o book_n he_o say_v in_o old_a time_n two_o hundred_o horse_n be_v assign_v for_o every_o legion_n and_o these_o be_v elect_v after_o the_o foot_n be_v levy_v but_o in_o his_o horseman_n election_n of_o the_o horseman_n own_o time_n and_o long_o before_o it_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v appoint_v for_o every_o legion_n and_o be_v elect_v before_o the_o foot_n and_o elect_v they_o be_v not_o by_o the_o consul_n or_o tribune_n as_o the_o foot_n be_v but_o by_o the_o censor_n this_o be_v all_o polybius_n say_v of_o their_o election_n out_o of_o history_n we_o find_v that_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v all_o of_o the_o equestral_a dignity_n that_o be_v gentleman_n yet_o in_o ancient_a time_n they_o serve_v on_o horse_n buy_v at_o the_o public_a charge_n and_o when_o any_o of_o they_o commit_v gross_a fault_n their_o horse_n be_v take_v from_o they_o which_o be_v just_o account_v a_o ignominy_n thereafter_o when_o they_o come_v to_o serve_v on_o their_o own_o horse_n yet_o on_o the_o public_a wage_n there_o be_v a_o lustration_n or_o muster_v of_o they_o when_o the_o censor_n please_v but_o ordinary_o it_o be_v once_o in_o five_o year_n of_o all_o those_o of_o that_o rank_n who_o be_v able_a both_o for_o their_o person_n and_o their_o purse_n to_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o then_o they_o ride_v in_o state_n on_o the_o best_a horse_n and_o in_o the_o best_a equipage_n they_o be_v able_a to_o procure_v and_o past_a by_o the_o place_n where_o the_o censor_n sit_v as_o judge_n all_o those_o who_o can_v be_v accuse_v of_o no_o misdemeanour_n ride_v on_o without_o interruption_n but_o such_o as_o the_o censor_n can_v charge_v with_o enormous_a crime_n be_v stop_v and_o command_v to_o sell_v their_o horse_n which_o be_v no_o small_a disgrace_n to_o they_o and_o this_o muster_n or_o show_v be_v call_v transvectio_fw-la transvectio_fw-la transvectio_fw-la of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o horseman_n their_o guard_n and_o watch_n and_o of_o their_o pay_n polybius_n speak_v not_o much_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n he_o speak_v a_o little_a of_o the_o distance_n between_o troop_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o interval_n the_o same_o polybius_n aver_v that_o the_o three_o hundred_o horse_n levy_v or_o elect_v vegetius_n first_o difference_n between_o polybius_n and_o vegetius_n for_o each_o legion_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o troop_n every_o one_o whereof_o consist_v of_o thirty_o rider_n which_o make_v up_o complete_o three_o hundred_o horse_n here_o polybius_n and_o vegetius_n differ_v the_o last_o allow_v thirty_o two_o horseman_n to_o a_o troop_n and_o the_o first_o but_o thirty_o for_o certain_o in_o company_n of_o so_o small_a a_o number_n two_o make_v a_o considerable_a difference_n out_o of_o these_o thirty_o rider_n say_v polybius_n three_o 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we_o read_v prima_fw-la acies_fw-la hastatâ—rum_fw-la manipuli_fw-la error_n lipsius_n mend_v the_o error_n quindecâ—â—_fw-la we_o shall_v read_v manipulique_fw-la decem_fw-la and_o so_o there_o be_v always_o ten_o maniple_n of_o hâ—stati_fw-la but_o not_o fifteen_o for_o triginta_fw-la manipulâ—râ—m_fw-la agmen_fw-la which_o be_v mean_v of_o both_o hâ—stati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la read_v vigiâ—ti_n and_o so_o there_o be_v but_o twenty_o maniple_n of_o both_o these_o class_n and_o where_o the_o vulgar_a decade_n bear_v quia_fw-la sub_fw-la signis_fw-la alii_fw-la quindeâ—im_fw-la ordines_fw-la locabantur_fw-la we_o ought_v to_o read_v alii_fw-la decem_fw-la ordine_fw-la not_o ordines_fw-la locabantur_fw-la alii_fw-la decem_fw-la of_o what_o of_o maples_n and_o so_o be_v ten_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n as_o there_o be_v twenty_o of_o the_o other_o two_o class_n we_o have_v no_o more_o but_o our_o just_a number_n of_o thirty_o maniple_n in_o the_o whole_a legion_n four_o where_o 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legion_n 300_o horse_n yet_o must_v not_o that_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o that_o these_o 300_o horse_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o member_n or_o part_n of_o that_o legion_n nay_o most_o author_n disjoin_v they_o and_o say_v so_o many_o legion_n and_o so_o many_o horse_n be_v raise_v let_v caesar_n a_o author_n beyond_o all_o exception_n be_v judg._n in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o the_o french_a war_n he_o say_v he_o give_v to_o his_o legate_n labienus_n the_o same_o who_o afterward_o desert_v he_o four_o legion_n and_o keep_v six_o with_o himself_o and_o that_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a he_o mean_v only_a foot_n he_o subjoin_v that_o he_o order_v he_o to_o take_v a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n with_o he_o how_o many_o he_o tell_v not_o but_o if_o every_o legion_n be_v to_o have_v a_o set_a number_n of_o horse_n that_o great_a captain_n who_o lose_v no_o word_n in_o his_o commentary_n need_v not_o have_v mention_v horse_n for_o caesar_n prove_v from_o caesar_n when_o he_o 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legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o 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they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
consul_n be_v to_o storm_n a_o wedg_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o phalange_n condense_v only_o small_a at_o the_o point_n than_o at_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o dimension_n and_o he_o may_v have_v call_v it_o a_o testudâ—_fw-la or_o tortoise_n if_o he_o have_v please_v for_o they_o stand_v all_o cover_v with_o their_o shield_n and_o great_a target_n which_o represent_v the_o tortoise_n cover_v with_o its_o shell_n give_v that_o figure_n of_o battle_n its_o denomination_n the_o globe-battel_n be_v a_o batallion_n that_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n and_o ring-figure_n globe_n or_o ring-figure_n if_o it_o be_v perfect_o round_a the_o english_a have_v word_v it_o well_o in_o call_v it_o a_o ring_n i_o find_v it_o often_o mention_v in_o modern_a than_o in_o ancient_a story_n i_o shall_v think_v those_o who_o use_v it_o be_v on_o the_o defensive_a for_o man_n stand_v in_o a_o perfect_a globefigure_v can_v neither_o pursue_v nor_o run_v away_o without_o break_v their_o order_n 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reverse_n of_o the_o wedg_n â—ongs_n tenaille_fw-fr or_o â—ongs_n and_o be_v to_o be_v use_v only_o against_o it_o for_o whereas_o the_o wedg_n be_v sharp_a at_o the_o point_n to_o pierce_v any_o batallion_n that_o stand_v against_o it_o so_o the_o tenaille_n open_v its_o arm_n to_o receive_v and_o embrace_v the_o wedg_n have_v its_o bulk_n notwithstanding_o behind_o to_o oppose_v it_o if_o it_o can_v not_o be_v break_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o tenaille_n and_o a_o squadron_n may_v very_o soon_o cast_v itself_o in_o a_o tenaille_n either_o by_o advance_v its_o two_o flank_n the_o body_n stand_v â—ied_v farm_n or_o yet_o by_o make_v the_o middle_a part_n against_o which_o the_o point_n of_o the_o wedg_n prepare_v retire_v a_o little_a both_o the_o flank_n stand_v still_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o way_n make_v the_o squadron_n a_fw-fr tenaille_fw-fr the_o saw_n be_v a_o great_a batallion_n compose_v of_o several_a squadron_n all_o marshal_v saw_n the_o saw_n in_o the_o form_n of_o wedge_n the_o angular_a point_n of_o which_o wedge_n represent_v the_o tooth_n of_o the_o see_v and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o several_a wedge_n stand_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o saw_n some_o have_v write_v that_o the_o several_a maniple_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n do_v represent_v the_o saw_n take_v the_o body_n of_o the_o maniple_n for_o the_o tooth_n and_o the_o interval_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o saw_n but_o how_o can_v that_o be_v for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o maniple_n and_o the_o several_a interval_n between_o these_o body_n be_v all_o of_o one_o equal_a front_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o tooth_n and_o body_n of_o a_o saw_n and_o unless_o these_o maniple_n have_v be_v make_v a_o little_o sharp_a at_o the_o front_n than_o of_o either_o ten_o or_o twelve_o man_n the_o resemblance_n will_v not_o have_v hold_v we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v it_o at_o all_o chap._n xix_o of_o some_o custom_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n before_o in_o the_o time_n of_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n the_o grecians_n sing_v a_o hymn_n and_o a_o paan_n both_o before_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n but_o before_o they_o begin_v unless_o they_o be_v surprise_v they_o offer_v sacrifice_n sacrifice_n sacrifice_n to_o such_o of_o their_o god_n and_o goddess_n as_o either_o they_o hope_v will_v be_v for_o they_o or_o fear_v may_v be_v against_o they_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o entrail_n of_o the_o sacrifice_a beast_n be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n with_o the_o greek_n as_o all_o their_o historian_n tell_v we_o nor_o be_v this_o custom_n peculiar_a to_o they_o for_o the_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o grecians_n before_o the_o roman_n come_v to_o the_o battle_n they_o be_v somewhat_o nice_a in_o observe_v how_o the_o sacred_a pullet_n do_v eat_v their_o allowance_n which_o furnish_v a_o fair_a occasion_n to_o 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it_o but_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o affirmative_a i_o
their_o general_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v approve_v by_o they_o shall_v be_v practise_v the_o old_a roman_n indeed_o keep_v themselves_o morose_o to_o their_o ancient_a form_n whereby_o they_o have_v be_v exceed_o prosperous_a and_o call_v all_o new_a invention_n schematism_n but_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o follow_v they_o in_o all_o their_o opinion_n for_o i_o be_o of_o lipsius_n his_o judgement_n valde_fw-la mihi_fw-la placent_fw-la nova_fw-la &_o novitia_fw-la istae_fw-la inventiuncula_fw-la these_o little_a new_a invention_n caution_n to_o be_v practise_v with_o much_o caution_n say_v he_o please_v i_o mighty_o lieutenant-colonel_n elton_n in_o his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n have_v very_o many_o pretty_a figure_n of_o several_a body_n of_o foot_n all_o of_o they_o exceed_v delightful_a and_o fit_a for_o show_v and_o some_o of_o they_o for_o use_n provide_v officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v often_o and_o thorough_o accustom_a to_o they_o before_o they_o be_v practise_v in_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o himself_o speak_v very_o well_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o book_n and_o with_o his_o word_n i_o shall_v close_v this_o chapter_n the_o substantial_a and_o solid_a thing_n of_o war_n be_v to_o be_v precise_o regard_v without_o which_o a_o army_n though_o of_o the_o most_o valiant_a man_n will_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o great_a danger_n and_o will_v fall_v into_o a_o most_o certain_a ruin_n musqueteer_n on_o horseback_n be_v call_v dragoon_n in_o all_o language_n from_o the_o word_n dragon_n because_o when_o they_o be_v mount_v on_o horse_n and_o ride_v with_o burn_a match_n especial_o in_o the_o night_n time_n they_o resemble_v fiery_a dragon_n fly_v in_o the_o air_n but_o now_o that_o in_o some_o place_n dragooner_n musket_n be_v convert_v into_o carabine_n a_o change_n not_o to_o be_v despise_v if_o the_o carabine_n can_v send_v a_o bullet_n as_o far_o as_o a_o musket_n i_o conceive_v they_o may_v rather_o be_v call_v carabineer_n than_o dragoon_n in_o france_n the_o lieutenant_n of_o horse_n march_v now_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o captain_n or_o ritmaster_n four_o or_o five_o foot_n near_o the_o troop_n a_o innovation_n as_o many_o other_o custom_n be_v against_o which_o i_o have_v little_a to_o say_v or_o rather_o just_a nothing_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o former_a chapter_n have_v speak_v enough_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o of_o those_o who_o be_v neither_o and_o yet_o both_o dragoon_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o to_o some_o question_n that_o be_v start_v concern_v they_o i_o shall_v propose_v they_o and_o speak_v my_o thought_n of_o they_o for_o to_o answer_v and_o solve_v they_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o will_v be_v a_o undertake_n pure_o impossible_a the_o first_o question_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o of_o the_o two_o officer_n of_o equal_a quality_n both_o under_o one_o prince_n or_o state_n the_o one_o of_o horse_n the_o other_o of_o foot_n shall_v command_v in_o chief_a have_v no_o superior_a at_o that_o time_n above_o they_o suppose_v those_o who_o be_v to_o be_v command_v consist_v of_o both_o foot_n and_o horse_n the_o second_o question_n shall_v be_v whether_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o inferior_a quality_n may_v upon_o occasion_n command_v one_o of_o a_o high_a degree_n as_o whether_o a_o lieutenant_n may_v command_v a_o captain_n the_o question_n be_v subdivide_v into_o two_o as_o first_o whether_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n of_o a_o inferior_a quality_n may_v command_v a_o officer_n of_o foot_n of_o a_o high_a degree_n and_o next_o whether_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o king_n prince_z state_n or_o general_n guard_n aught_o or_o may_v have_v the_o command_n above_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o superior_a quality_n in_o any_o other_o regiment_n of_o the_o army_n suppose_v a_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n to_o command_v over_o any_o captain_n of_o another_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o like_a of_o the_o horse_n there_o may_v fall_v out_o a_o thousand_o emergence_n and_o occasion_n for_o such_o encounter_n and_o therefore_o they_o will_v be_v obviate_v and_o provide_v for_o by_o necessary_a and_o punctual_a order_n as_o suppose_v which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a there_o be_v but_o one_o general_a person_n with_o a_o part_n of_o a_o army_n and_o in_o a_o encounter_n he_o be_v kill_v the_o colonel_n under_o he_o strive_v for_o the_o command_n in_o chief_a make_v themselves_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n which_o fall_v out_o but_o a_o very_a few_o year_n ago_o to_o the_o dane_n when_o they_o unfortunate_o fight_v against_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n next_o suppose_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o foot_n and_o horse_n command_v by_o a_o colonel_n who_o have_v under_o he_o but_o one_o lieutenant-colonel_n and_o one_o major_n several_a ritmaster_n and_o foot-captain_n the_o three_o field-officer_n be_v kill_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o chief_a command_n belong_v to_o the_o elder_a ritmaster_n or_o the_o elder_a captain_n or_o to_o he_o of_o these_o two_o who_o can_v show_v the_o elder_a commission_n in_o that_o same_o service_n if_o the_o first_o of_o these_o question_n be_v well_o and_o judicious_o handle_v and_o discuss_v there_o will_v need_v but_o a_o few_o word_n to_o be_v speak_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o first_o question_n be_v which_o of_o the_o two_o officer_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n shall_v have_v the_o command_n there_o be_v some_o who_o take_v a_o broad_a axe_n to_o it_o and_o by_o a_o equal_a division_n will_v satisfy_v both_o party_n and_o say_v that_o in_o the_o field_n the_o officer_n of_o horse_n and_o in_o town_n castle_n garrison_n and_o fortify_v place_n the_o officer_z of_o foot_n shall_v have_v the_o prime_a command_n this_o arbitration_n will_v seem_v to_o give_v pretty_a good_a satisfaction_n to_o peaceable_a man_n but_o the_o ambition_n of_o commander_n of_o horse_n challenge_v the_o superiority_n in_o all_o place_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v the_o officer_n of_o foot_n shall_v be_v so_o modest_a as_o to_o give_v it_o they_o in_o any_o place_n without_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n assure_o this_o superiority_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v challenge_v by_o either_o foot_n or_o horse_n unless_o they_o conceive_v their_o employment_n be_v either_o more_o necessary_a more_o to_o be_v trust_v to_o or_o more_o honourable_a than_o the_o other_o we_o shall_v then_o get_v some_o light_n to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n when_o we_o have_v examine_v whether_o the_o cavalry_n or_o infantry_n of_o a_o army_n be_v most_o necessary_a or_o most_o trust_v to_o and_o most_o honourable_a or_o all_o three_o and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o necessity_n reason_n and_o if_o i_o have_v any_o right_a reason_n common_a sense_n will_v evince_v that_o horse_n be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a in_o the_o manage_n a_o war_n but_o as_o they_o say_v ad_fw-la bene_fw-la esse_fw-la only_o needful_a they_o be_v for_o the_o better_a manage_v the_o war_n or_o to_o say_v better_o they_o be_v useful_a and_o convenient_a but_o the_o foot_n be_v pure_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a as_o without_o which_o no_o war_n ever_o be_v nor_o no_o war_n ever_o can_v be_v manage_v consider_v that_o the_o impugnation_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o important_a and_o most_o necessary_a point_n of_o war_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a military_a art_n yet_o these_o have_v be_v may_v be_v and_o for_o most_o part_n be_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o assault_v and_o take_v by_o the_o foot_n only_o without_o the_o help_n of_o horseman_n and_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o paradoxical_a who_o say_v that_o horseman_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o be_v not_o convenient_a within_o besiege_a place_n and_o without_o at_o sieges_n as_o little_a unless_o a_o enemy_n with_o succour_n be_v expect_v and_o in_o the_o field_n a_o well_o order_v and_o courageous_a well_o arm_a batallion_n of_o foot_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o tread_v down_o by_o a_o brigade_n of_o horse_n as_o some_o man_n fancy_n and_o when_o their_o charge_n be_v stout_o stand_v out_o i_o know_v not_o what_o the_o horse_n can_v do_v but_o ride_v i_o will_v not_o say_v run_v away_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a we_o shall_v find_v all_o i_o have_v say_v support_v and_o more_o too_o and_o though_o our_o young_a gallant_n will_v be_v govern_v by_o no_o former_a custom_n yet_o i_o believe_v truth_n itself_o have_v bid_v we_o follow_v the_o good_a old_a way_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o take_v a_o short_a view_n how_o little_a necessary_a many_o nation_n have_v think_v horseman_n to_o be_v in_o their_o
of_o the_o governor_n he_o shall_v have_v good_a intelligence_n he_o shall_v also_o have_v a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o his_o own_o provision_n form_v consideration_n before_o a_o siege_n be_v form_v money_n meat_n and_o munition_n and_o many_o more_o particular_n of_o which_o and_o concern_v which_o no_o definite_a or_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v and_o before_o he_o form_n or_o lay_v down_o his_o siege_n he_o ought_v to_o weigh_v and_o consider_v well_o all_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v to_o he_o as_o whether_o the_o gain_v the_o town_n or_o castle_n he_o besiege_v will_v counterpoise_v the_o loss_n of_o man_n and_o that_o vast_a expense_n of_o money_n meat_n and_o munition_n that_o must_v be_v hazard_v and_o bestow_v in_o reduce_v it_o how_o long_a time_n his_o own_o provision_n will_v be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o whether_o he_o be_v able_a with_o probability_n of_o success_n to_o withstand_v or_o fight_v any_o enemy_n that_o dare_v adventure_v the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a place_n and_o that_o which_o concern_v most_o both_o his_o master_n service_n and_o his_o own_o honour_n be_v to_o cast_v up_o his_o account_n so_o well_o that_o if_o any_o unexpected_a accident_n or_o adventure_n fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v the_o change_n of_o wether_n inundation_n of_o water_n a_o mighty_a and_o unlooked_a for_o succourse_v a_o pestilence_n or_o other_o heavy_a disease_n in_o his_o army_n he_o may_v notwithstanding_o these_o and_o in_o spite_n of_o a_o enemy_n raise_v his_o siege_n and_o march_v away_o to_o place_n of_o safety_n and_o consequent_o make_v a_o honourable_a retreat_n with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n of_o man_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o a_o army_n march_v away_o from_o a_o besiege_a place_n with_o dishonour_n because_o ratio_fw-la bâ—lli_n depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n change_v as_o oft_o as_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la and_o as_o in_o this_o nothing_o be_v think_v dishonourable_a that_o can_v save_v the_o state_n so_o in_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v dishonourable_a that_o can_v save_v the_o army_n i_o have_v not_o the_o vanity_n to_o prescribe_v or_o give_v rule_n for_o what_o shall_v be_v do_v at_o siege_n how_o to_o begin_v the_o siege_n sieges_n but_o i_o presume_v i_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o tell_v novice_n for_o to_o they_o only_o i_o write_v what_o be_v do_v and_o ordinarl_o practise_v at_o sieges_n after_o a_o resolution_n be_v take_v to_o besiege_v a_o place_n diligence_n and_o expedition_n shall_v be_v use_v that_o all_o pass_n highway_n and_o avenue_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o cavalry_n that_o no_o entrance_n to_o the_o fort_n be_v permit_v and_o that_o all_o citizen_n or_o soldier_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v seize_v on_o and_o make_v prisoner_n that_o intelligence_n may_v be_v get_v of_o all_o affair_n within_o many_o general_n at_o sieges_n entrench_v their_o army_n and_o many_o do_v not_o those_o entrench_v at_o some_o sieges_n army_n be_v not_o entrench_v who_o do_v not_o have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o upon_o intelligence_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o one_o they_o must_v be_v ready_a to_o march_v either_o to_o meet_v and_o fight_v that_o enemy_n or_o leave_v both_o he_o and_o the_o besieged_a place_n for_o good_a and_o all_o both_o which_o i_o have_v know_v practise_v those_o who_o entrench_v their_o army_n sieges_n army_n entrench_v at_o sieges_n take_v the_o far_o sure_a way_n though_o the_o do_v it_o cost_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n and_o labour_n the_o entrenchment_n must_v be_v make_v both_o against_o those_o within_o the_o town_n and_o against_o any_o without_o who_o will_v hazard_v to_o relieve_v it_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v proper_o call_v the_o trench_n though_o the_o word_n be_v frequent_o take_v for_o approach_n and_o in_o that_o word_n be_v comprehend_v the_o line_n of_o communication_n which_o line_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n field-sconce_n whole_a and_o half_a bulwark_n star-work_n and_o redout_n none_o of_o these_o shall_v have_v a_o curtain_n between_o they_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o hundred_o foot_n long_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o they_o one_o from_o another_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o a_o musket_n shoot_v they_o shall_v be_v build_v of_o black_a earth_n if_o it_o can_v be_v have_v but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v sandy_a it_o must_v be_v knit_v together_o with_o with_o 's_o fascines_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n and_o without_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o pallisado_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n shall_v the_o redout_n and_o battery_n in_o the_o approach_n be_v build_v the_o star-sconce_n have_v their_o side_n 40_o or_o 50_o foot_n long_o and_o their_o point_n far_o distant_a be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o haste_n when_o time_n will_v not_o permit_v better_a to_o be_v make_v if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a enough_o or_o that_o there_o be_v store_n of_o pioner_n with_o it_o a_o general_n may_v fortify_v his_o camp_n and_o begin_v his_o approach_n both_o together_o and_o this_o will_v save_v he_o much_o time_n which_o in_o such_o occasion_n be_v very_o precious_a but_o if_o he_o can_v do_v both_o at_o once_o he_o shall_v entrench_v himself_o and_o then_o begin_v those_o work_n which_o be_v call_v approach_n run_v trench_n and_o by_o the_o dutch_a laâ—fgrabon_n in_o make_v these_o to_o break_v ground_n without_o the_o range_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o forâ—_n to_o approach_v to_o a_o forâ—_n ordnance_n will_v be_v too_o far_o and_o within_o musket_n shoot_v perhaps_o too_o near_o yet_o many_o think_v 8_o or_o 900._o foot_n from_o the_o besiege_a fort_n be_v passable_a at_o this_o place_n where_o the_o approach_n begin_v a_o sconce_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o in_o it_o a_o court_n of_o guard_n neither_o be_v it_o amiss_o here_o to_o make_v a_o battery_n and_o in_o it_o to_o plant_v some_o culverines_n and_o twelve_o pounder_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o near_a parapet_n of_o the_o fort_n from_o whence_o those_o who_o be_v to_o work_v in_o the_o approach_n may_v be_v infest_a but_o before_o i_o approach_v any_o near_a the_o fort_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o admire_v how_o captain_n rud_n the_o late_a king_n engineer_n have_v leave_v it_o upon_o record_n that_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o first_o that_o use_v the_o spade_n at_o sieges_n and_o that_o julius_n dispute_v captain_n rudd_n opinion_n dispute_v caesar_n be_v the_o first_o that_o besiege_v town_n by_o circumvallation_n against_o the_o first_o assertion_n though_o we_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o profane_a author_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o write_v in_o the_o 15._o verse_n of_o the_o 20._o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o samuel_n that_o jacob_n cast_v up_o a_o bank_n say_v our_o translation_n against_o abel_n where_o the_o rebel_n sheba_n be_v deodati_n in_o his_o italian_a translation_n call_v it_o bastione_n a_o bulwark_n now_o these_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o spade_n or_o something_o like_o it_o and_o this_o action_n of_o joab_n be_v do_v some_o age_n before_o romulus_n against_o the_o second_o assertion_n i_o object_v the_o ten_o year_n siege_n of_o vâ—n_n which_o be_v by_o circumvallation_n and_o that_o be_v some_o century_n of_o year_n before_o caesar_n besiege_v alexia_n and_o we_o read_v in_o holy_a writ_n that_o trench_n be_v cast_v and_o tower_n build_v against_o besiege_a town_n and_o that_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o circumvallation_n and_o those_o who_o make_v they_o do_v so_o little_o know_v caesar_n that_o they_o do_v not_o foresee_v that_o ever_o such_o a_o man_n will_v be_v in_o the_o world_n as_o caesar_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o first_o sconce_n or_o battery_n from_o it_o a_o line_n or_o if_o you_o please_v trench_n a_o run_a trench_n a_o run_a trench_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o ditch_n must_v be_v dig_v and_o run_v either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n 3_o 4_o or_o 500_o foot_n long_o a_o little_a crooked_a and_o oblique_a for_o do_v which_o soldier_n be_v appoint_v with_o pickaxe_n spade_n and_o shovel_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o 4_o or_o 5._o foot_n the_o foremost_a dig_v 3_o or_o 4._o foot_n deep_a cast_v the_o earth_n up_o either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n between_o he_o and_o the_o fort_n and_o so_o by_o he_o who_o be_v first_o and_o they_o that_o come_v after_o he_o the_o run_a trench_n be_v make_v 6_o or_o 8._o foot_n deep_a and_o at_o first_o 6._o foot_n broad_a and_o thereafter_o 10_o or_o 12._o broad_a sometime_o more_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o wagon_n in_o the_o approach_n which_o fall_v out_o sometime_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o first_o line_n a_o redout_n be_v to_o be_v make_v this_o be_v a_o equilateral_a a_o redout_n
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the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o be_v honour_v with_o one_o of_o those_o crown_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o place_n how_o in_o many_o part_n of_o christendom_n officer_n above_o the_o quality_n of_o private_a captain_n many_o time_n be_v reduce_v to_o beggary_n to_o obviate_v which_o since_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v forbear_v war_n or_o will_v not_o live_v in_o peace_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a work_n of_o charity_n in_o they_o and_o will_v much_o redound_v to_o their_o honour_n charity_n work_n of_o charity_n and_o fame_n to_o build_v some_o hospital_n and_o endue_v they_o with_o some_o small_a revenue_n in_o which_o those_o commander_n who_o be_v lame_a old_a and_o poor_a may_v get_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n which_o will_v be_v a_o exceed_a great_a relief_n to_o those_o distress_a gentleman_n and_o much_o encourage_v young_a people_n to_o engage_v in_o a_o fresh_a war_n for_o alas_o though_o write_v testimony_n sign_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o young_a and_o lusty_a gallant_n who_o have_v their_o health_n and_o some_o money_n in_o their_o purse_n to_o look_v for_o new_a fortune_n yet_o pass_n though_o never_o so_o favourable_a to_o poor_a old_a man_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n nothing_o else_o pass_n pass_n but_o fair_a commission_n to_o beg_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o justus_n lipsius_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n examine_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o curse_n that_o follow_v adam_n fall_n and_o i_o think_v be_v inherent_a in_o nature_n discontent_n follow_v humane_a nature_n he_o before_o his_o fall_n that_o as_o he_o be_v not_o so_o none_o of_o his_o posterity_n can_v be_v content_a with_o his_o present_a condition_n the_o long_a desire_n we_o have_v to_o enjoy_v that_o we_o want_v rob_v we_o of_o the_o content_a we_o may_v have_v of_o what_o we_o possess_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o old_a man_n cry_v up_o 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