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provincial_a jurisdiction_n the_o whole_a empire_n be_v divide_v into_o fifteen_o province_n in_o the_o principal_a city_n whereof_o the_o chief_a and_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n reside_v differ_v little_a in_o method_n and_o rule_n from_o those_o of_o peking_n and_o nank_v and_o so_o not_o consequent_o one_o from_o another_o the_o regiment_n of_o each_o province_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n and_o fidelity_n of_o two_o person_n who_o they_o call_v pucinsu_n and_o manganzasu_fw-la the_o first_o whereof_o intermeddle_v only_o with_o civil_a affair_n and_o the_o other_o be_v altogether_o concern_v in_o criminal_a matter_n they_o have_v both_o their_o seat_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o their_o province_n and_o live_v in_o great_a magnificence_n have_v beside_o several_a officer_n assistant_n unto_o they_o as_o also_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n call_v tauli_n who_o in_o regard_n they_o command_v over_o some_o other_o inferior_a city_n it_o often_o 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particular_a court_n and_o judicature_n but_o the_o governor_n over_o the_o whole_a division_n have_v no_o more_o authority_n in_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n than_o in_o the_o other_o city_n under_o his_o command_n true_a it_o be_v he_o may_v condemn_v a_o malefactor_n to_o die_v but_o he_o can_v put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o but_o in_o regard_n a_o account_n must_v be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a management_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o transaction_n of_o all_o the_o province_n at_o the_o court_n at_o peking_n therefore_o in_o each_o province_n there_o be_v appoint_v two_o other_o great_a officer_n by_o the_o court_n who_o in_o eminency_n of_o honour_n and_o grandeur_n of_o commission_n exceed_v the_o rest_n the_o one_o of_o these_o always_o reside_v in_o some_o of_o the_o province_n and_o be_v call_v tutang_n the_o other_o be_v send_v yearly_o from_o the_o court_n at_o peking_n and_o
to_o live_v as_o private_a person_n under_o the_o three_o be_v reckon_v such_o as_o be_v decrepit_a and_o too_o far_o strike_v in_o year_n for_o government_n or_o else_o such_o as_o be_v too_o remiss_a in_o their_o office_n these_o though_o they_o be_v put_v by_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o office_n yet_o enjoy_v all_o their_o privilege_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a when_o they_o be_v in_o their_o place_n so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v in_o the_o four_o rank_n be_v put_v down_o such_o as_o have_v be_v too_o hasty_a and_o rash_a in_o pass_v sentence_n act_v without_o any_o forecast_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v degrade_v and_o put_v in_o some_o inferior_a office_n or_o else_o employ_v elsewhere_o upon_o less_o weighty_a affair_n in_o the_o last_o place_n all_o such_o as_o live_v imprudent_o and_o unbecoming_a the_o greatness_n of_o their_o station_n and_o employment_n be_v not_o only_o deprive_v of_o their_o place_n but_o also_o of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n for_o ever_o the_o like_a general_a inquisition_n and_o examination_n be_v make_v every_o twelve_o year_n among_o the_o rix-council_n as_o also_o among_o the_o military_a officer_n beside_o the_o mandorin_n and_o assistant_n be_v oblige_v once_o a_o day_n to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o their_o city_n of_o their_o own_o and_o other_o person_n transaction_n under_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o also_o what_o have_v past_a either_o in_o city_n or_o country_n and_o if_o they_o forbear_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o state_n which_o afterward_o come_v to_o be_v know_v they_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v without_o any_o delay_n or_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n a_o instance_n whereof_o happen_v at_o canton_n when_o we_o be_v there_o the_o old_a viceroy_n cause_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a mandorin_n to_o be_v kill_v in_o his_o presence_n for_o such_o a_o crime_n and_o will_v not_o delay_v the_o expiation_n of_o the_o criminal_n offence_n by_o his_o blood_n so_o long_o till_o the_o executioner_n can_v be_v fetch_v to_o behead_v the_o offender_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n four_o none_o may_v in_o the_o province_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n but_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o field-commander_n the_o reason_n whereof_o may_v be_v lest_o he_o who_o sit_v in_o the_o place_n of_o justice_n shall_v favour_v his_o relation_n but_o the_o soldier_n be_v at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o country_n will_v fight_v pro_fw-la aris_n &_o focis_fw-la and_o the_o more_o valiant_o defend_v it_o the_o son_n of_o such_o as_o be_v magistrate_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o go_v much_o abroad_o that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o be_v corrupt_v with_o bribe_n five_o the_o chineses_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o stranger_n to_o continue_v in_o their_o country_n who_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o return_v home_o into_o his_o own_o native_a soil_n or_o be_v find_v to_o hold_v any_o correspondence_n with_o foreign_a kingdom_n neither_o be_v a_o foreiner_n permit_v to_o come_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o no_o stranger_n dare_v venture_v into_o china_n otherwise_o than_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n which_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o as_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o china_n but_o also_o of_o their_o friend_n ally_n and_o tributary_n who_o pay_v tax_n to_o they_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o neighbour_a islander_n of_o corea_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n observe_v the_o chinese_n law_n and_o if_o they_o discover_v a_o foreiner_n to_o have_v live_v private_o in_o china_n they_o restrain_v he_o from_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n six_o no_o body_n be_v suffer_v to_o wear_v any_o arm_n within_o a_o city_n nor_o the_o soldier_n nor_o commander_n nor_o the_o learned_a philosopher_n unless_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o march_n and_o go_v to_o the_o war_n neither_o be_v any_o suffer_v to_o have_v arm_n in_o their_o house_n or_o to_o ride_v arm_v otherwise_o than_o with_o a_o dagger_n to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o high-way-man_n in_o this_o empire_n all_o magisterial_a officer_n whatever_o whether_o philosophical_a or_o of_o the_o council_n of_o war_n be_v rank_v into_o nine_o order_n according_a to_o which_o each_o have_v a_o monthly_a allowance_n pay_v he_o either_o in_o money_n or_o rice_n out_o of_o the_o public_a revenue_n which_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o state_n and_o garb_n they_o live_v in_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o defray_v the_o charge_n and_o expense_n they_o be_v at_o for_o those_o of_o the_o high_a order_n have_v but_o a_o thousand_o crown_n yearly_a yet_o some_o of_o they_o grow_v to_o be_v very_o rich_a man_n but_o certain_o not_o by_o what_o be_v give_v they_o underhand_o for_o courtesy_n do_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o examination_n aforesaid_a all_o the_o magistrate_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a wear_v for_o a_o badge_n and_o mark_n of_o respect_n and_o dignity_n one_o sort_n and_o fashion_n of_o hat_n which_o none_o else_o be_v suffer_v to_o wear_v these_o hat_n or_o bonnet_n be_v make_v of_o black_a silk_n and_o have_v on_o both_o side_n two_o oval_a flap_n which_o cover_v the_o ear_n and_o be_v make_v fast_o to_o the_o bonnet_n that_o they_o can_v fall_v off_o in_o which_o manner_n and_o garb_n when_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o street_n they_o walk_v with_o great_a gravity_n not_o differ_v from_o each_o other_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o habit_n save_v only_o that_o they_o have_v distinguish_v mark_n upon_o their_o clothes_n whereby_o their_o quality_n be_v know_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o what_o order_n they_o belong_v last_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o chinese_n though_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o empire_n yet_o sit_v every_o where_o in_o the_o council_n they_o enjoy_v their_o old_a law_n custom_n and_o privilege_n as_o former_o and_o it_o seem_v the_o tartar_n suffer_v this_o in_o regard_n they_o find_v the_o chineses_n have_v more_o understanding_n and_o be_v better_o verse_v in_o govern_v the_o country_n and_o people_n than_o themselves_o who_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n and_o more_o able_a by_o force_n to_o conquer_v than_o by_o policy_n to_o rule_v kingdom_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o character_n language_n write_v and_o literature_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o learned_a in_o china_n arrive_v to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o knowledge_n the_o chinese_n manner_n of_o write_v differ_v very_o much_o from_o the_o language_n they_o speak_v for_o there_o be_v not_o one_o book_n in_o all_o china_n which_o be_v write_v in_o their_o mother-tongue_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n without_o exception_n be_v monasyllable_n neither_o have_v they_o few_o letter_n than_o word_n for_o each_o letter_n be_v with_o they_o a_o word_n and_o though_o there_o be_v some_o chinese_n word_n which_o comprehend_v several_a letter_n yet_o every_o one_o of_o those_o letter_n signify_v a_o particular_a word_n and_o although_o the_o chineses_n have_v as_o many_o character_n as_o business_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o join_v they_o that_o they_o make_v about_o seventy_o or_o eighty_o thousand_o but_o about_o the_o certain_a number_n writer_n seem_v to_o differ_v the_o jesuit_n athanasius_n kircher_n reckon_v they_o eighty_o thousand_o in_o all_o which_o they_o must_v be_v know_v and_o expert_a who_o will_v aim_v at_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o learning_n although_o any_o one_o that_o know_v but_o ten_o thousand_o of_o they_o may_v perfect_o understand_v the_o language_n and_o be_v able_a to_o write_v their_o character_n m._n martinus_n in_o his_o prologue_n to_o the_o history_n of_o china_n say_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v above_o sixty_o thousand_o character_n which_o have_v several_a distinction_n and_o signification_n this_o be_v confirm_v my_o mandelslo_n in_o his_o persian_a voyage_n though_o other_o raise_v the_o number_n to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o and_o which_o be_v worth_a observation_n notwithstanding_o this_o almost_o infinite_a variety_n and_o difficulty_n yet_o such_o be_v their_o diligence_n and_o industry_n that_o all_o these_o word_n be_v find_v in_o a_o large_a dictionary_n call_v holpien_n which_o signify_v the_o sea_n of_o this_o so_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o chinese_n letter_n no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o the_o original_a number_n have_v be_v increase_v from_o time_n to_o time_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o method_n of_o the_o chineses_n write_v i_o conceive_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o declare_v more_o plain_o the_o form_n and_o difference_n of_o these_o their_o so_o vary_a character_n
and_o to_o that_o end_n and_o purpose_n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o old_a chinese_n character_n or_o letter_n differ_v very_o much_o from_o those_o in_o present_a use_n for_o at_o first_o the_o chineses_n characterise_v their_o meaning_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o hierogly_a phick_n shape_n as_o of_o fourfooted_a beast_n creep_v creature_n fish_n herb_n bough_n of_o tree_n rope_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v various_o make_v and_o contrive_v as_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o user_n think_v meet_v but_o after-age_n by_o a_o long_a series_n of_o time_n and_o a_o constant_a practical_a use_n thereof_o find_v a_o great_a confusion_n in_o such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o differ_v creature_n and_o herb_n imitate_v the_o form_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o character_n make_v or_o add_v some_o little_a point_n and_o line_n about_o they_o to_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o another_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v reduce_v they_o into_o better_a order_n and_o a_o less_o number_n and_o those_o be_v the_o letter_n they_o use_v at_o present_a of_o the_o old_a chinese_n character_n there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v seventeen_o sort_n the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a be_v invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n tohias_n and_o compose_v of_o dragon_n and_o snake_n most_o strange_o interweave_v one_o within_o another_o and_o cast_v into_o several_a form_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o book_n which_o the_o same_o emperor_n tohias_n write_v of_o astrology_n be_v call_v the_o book_n of_o dragon_n but_o at_o this_o time_n those_o character_n be_v quite_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n in_o the_o country_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v frame_v out_o of_o several_a thing_n belong_v to_o husbandry_n and_o use_v by_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n xinnung_n in_o all_o treatise_n concern_v tillage_n the_o three_o sort_n consist_v of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o bird_n fumhoan_n and_o be_v invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n xanhoan_n who_o have_v likewise_o write_v a_o particular_a book_n of_o bird_n in_o these_o character_n the_o four_o sort_n of_o old_a character_n be_v compile_v out_o of_o oyster_n and_o small_a worm_n the_o five_o of_o several_a sort_n of_o root_n of_o herb_n and_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o form_n the_o ancient_a chineses_n have_v write_v several_a book_n the_o six_o sort_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o claw_n of_o cock_n and_o hen_n and_o other_o fowl_n and_o invent_v by_o king_n choam_n the_o seven_o be_v compose_v of_o tortoise-shell_n and_o have_v for_o their_o first_o founder_n the_o emperor_n yoo_z the_o eight_o be_v show_v in_o small_a bird_n and_o parrot_n the_o nine_o in_o herb_n and_o bird_n the_o ten_o be_v of_o co_n invent_v only_o for_o a_o token_n of_o remembrance_n the_o eleven_o be_v of_o star_n the_o twelve_o of_o several_a other_o letter_n serve_v for_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n to_o the_o thirteen_o belong_v the_o letter_n you_o can_v chi_fw-mi cien_fw-fr tao_n the_o character_n of_o the_o fourteen_o sort_n be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o rest_n mirth_n knowledge_n darkness_n and_o clearness_n the_o fifteen_o sort_n be_v of_o fish_n the_o sixteen_o sort_n be_v not_o yet_o know_v to_o we_o in_o europe_n nor_o indeed_o to_o any_o beside_o themselves_o and_o not_o to_o all_o they_o neither_o the_o seventeen_o sort_n be_v use_v in_o seal_v up_o of_o letter_n and_o write_v of_o superscription_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v more_o clear_o understand_v the_o matter_n i_o will_v set_v down_o some_o of_o the_o old_a character_n with_o those_o now_o in_o use_n as_o for_o example_n the_o character_n number_v with_o the_o figure_n 1._o signify_v with_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n at_o present_a as_o the_o number_n 2._o do_v express_v the_o sun_n be_v demonstrate_v former_o by_o a_o round_a circle_n or_o ring_n with_o a_o speck_n in_o the_o middle_n as_o the_o number_n 3._o declare_v but_o now_o it_o be_v express_v as_o in_o number_n 4._o a_o dragon_n be_v former_o depict_v with_o the_o figure_n as_o be_v express_v in_o number_n 5._o but_o now_o as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o figure_n number_n 6._o a_o sceptre_n with_o one_o eye_n as_o be_v express_v in_o number_n 7._o signify_v former_o the_o king_n name_n but_o now_o it_o be_v show_v with_o the_o figure_n as_o in_o number_n 8._o a_o bird_n hen_n or_o cock_n be_v former_o express_v in_o full_a shape_n and_o posture_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o number_n 9_o and_o 11._o but_o at_o present_a those_o creature_n be_v describe_v as_o in_o number_n 10._o and_o 12._o but_o the_o chineses_n at_o present_a use_n no_o more_o such_o character_n to_o express_v the_o form_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o only_o some_o certain_a line_n and_o mark_n which_o however_o different_a in_o form_n in_o some_o sort_n obscure_o resemble_v the_o character_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o thing_n for_o a_o clear_a demonstration_n of_o the_o character_n in_o use_n at_o present_a among_o the_o chinese_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v one_o of_o the_o figure_n mark_v with_o the_o letter_n m._n out_o of_o nine_o several_a line_n or_o mark_v the_o chinese_n character_n of_o these_o time_n be_v compose_v so_o that_o by_o add_v or_o omit_v of_o one_o line_n or_o mark_n another_o signification_n proper_o arise_v for_o example_n a_o straight_a line_n as_o by_o the_o figure_n a_o upon_o the_o left_a side_n of_o this_o print_n signify_v one_o or_o the_o first_o with_o a_o line_n draw_v through_o it_o as_o at_z b_o denote_v ten_o and_o with_o a_o line_n underneath_o it_o as_o at_o c_o it_o signify_v earth_n with_o another_o put_v over_o the_o downright_a line_n as_o the_o figure_n d_o it_o speak_v king_n with_o a_o point_n on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o by_o the_o figure_n e_o it_o signify_v a_o pearl_n but_o such_o a_o point_n on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o at_o figure_n f_o signify_v to_o live_v last_o with_o a_o point_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o it_o as_o at_o figure_n g_o it_o signify_v lord_n now_o though_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n use_v several_a character_n in_o their_o language_n yet_o in_o speak_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n in_o they_o all_o their_o word_n sound_v alike_o notwithstanding_o the_o difference_n of_o form_n and_o signification_n in_o write_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v no_o language_n which_o have_v so_o many_o double-meaning_a word_n as_o the_o chinese_n be_v only_o distinguish_v by_o some_o sound_n or_o expression_n in_o use_n among_o themselves_o out_o of_o the_o double_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n there_o arise_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n for_o no_o person_n can_v transcribe_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o that_o language_n which_o be_v read_v unto_o he_o nor_o can_v any_o book_n be_v understand_v by_o hear_v another_o read_v it_o because_o the_o double_a meaning_n and_o various_a sound_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o ear_n and_o be_v only_o to_o be_v know_v by_o the_o sight_n or_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v understand_v so_o that_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o common_a discourse_n that_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o put_v their_o mind_n in_o write_v else_o one_o can_v understand_v the_o other_o what_o he_o mean_v though_o he_o speak_v very_o clear_a and_o plain_a this_o double_a meaning_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n take_v away_o by_o five_o several_a sound_n now_o in_o use_n which_o yet_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v distinguish_v so_o that_o many_o time_n very_o great_a mistake_n happen_v between_o those_o that_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o these_o sound_n from_o the_o very_a cradle_n a_o italian_a tell_v a_o chinese_n that_o in_o europe_n there_o be_v ship_n to_o be_v see_v as_o big_a as_o mountain_n he_o give_v the_o word_n wherewith_o he_o will_v have_v denote_v a_o ship_n the_o same_o sound_n that_o express_v a_o tile_n upon_o the_o house_n the_o chinese_n take_v it_o according_a to_o the_o sound_n seem_v to_o admire_v very_o much_o his_o say_v and_o at_o length_n begin_v to_o laugh_v at_o he_o as_o though_o he_o have_v tell_v they_o incredible_a thing_n ask_v he_o withal_o to_o what_o use_n they_o put_v a_o tile_n of_o such_o bigness_n and_o say_n that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v a_o very_a large_a oven_n that_o can_v bake_v such_o a_o tile_n by_o which_o appear_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v and_o withal_o how_o infinite_o troublesome_a it_o be_v both_o to_o stranger_n and_o native_n to_o learn_v these_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o pronunciation_n or_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o the_o jesuit_n therefore_o who_o be_v send_v to_o propagate_v the_o gospel_n in_o china_n have_v find_v out_o five_o point_n of_o five_o mark_n which_o they_o put_v over_o every_o word_n and_o thereby_o know_v
how_o to_o express_v the_o highness_n or_o lowness_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o mark_n must_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v write_v in_o our_o letter_n and_o mark_v with_o these_o mark_n be_v several_o pronounce_v and_o then_o they_o intend_v several_a thing_n as_o for_o example_n a_o with_o this_o mark_n over_o it_o signify_v god_n and_o with_o this_o mark_n over_o it_o yá_n a_o wall_n and_o yà _fw-la with_o this_o mark_n signify_v dumbness_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o help_n the_o chinese_n language_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v learn_v and_o understand_v as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o double_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o because_o that_o in_o this_o language_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a number_n of_o letter_n but_o every_o business_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n must_v be_v express_v by_o a_o particular_a character_n which_o give_v not_o only_o a_o infinite_a trouble_n to_o those_o that_o will_v learn_v it_o but_o cause_v a_o vast_a expense_n of_o time_n take_v up_o ten_o or_o twenty_o year_n before_o a_o man_n can_v attain_v to_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v and_o write_v this_o mysterious_a language_n wherein_o the_o native_n themselves_z know_v far_o better_a how_o to_o express_v their_o mind_n in_o writing_n than_o by_o speak_v but_o in_o regard_n i_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o character_n and_o write_n of_o the_o chinese_n i_o will_v add_v in_o a_o few_o word_n in_o what_o manner_n they_o place_v they_o and_o herein_o they_o quite_o differ_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o europe_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o nation_n hereof_o peter_n jarcius_fw-la thus_o in_o his_o treasury_n of_o indian_a thing_n the_o chinese_n say_v he_o do_v not_o write_v from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n as_o the_o european_n nor_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a as_o the_o hebrean_o but_o they_o begin_v from_o the_o right_a side_n above_o and_o write_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o they_o put_v the_o one_o character_n under_o the_o other_o and_o not_o one_o after_o another_o as_o we_o in_o europe_n and_o when_o the_o line_n be_v full_a from_o top_n to_o bottom_n than_o they_o begin_v again_o at_o the_o top_n of_o another_o line_n and_o by_o degree_n go_v down_o again_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o indeed_o which_o be_v worth_a observation_n in_o this_o particular_a the_o chinese_n differ_v from_o all_o other_o who_o absolute_o write_v after_o another_o manner_n for_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o know_a world_n but_o four_o several_a way_n of_o write_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o place_v the_o letter_n the_o first_o be_v from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a side_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v write_v the_o book_n of_o the_o hebrean_o chaldean_n syrian_n arabian_n and_o egyptian_n the_o second_o be_v from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_a side_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o greek_a and_o latin_a book_n be_v write_v and_o so_o write_v at_o present_a all_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o write_v be_v in_o the_o greek_a call_v bustrophedon_n which_o signify_v to_o plough_n with_o ox_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v be_v do_v just_a as_o the_o ox_n make_v furrow_n with_o the_o blow_n namely_o to_o begin_v the_o second_o line_n where_o the_o first_o end_v this_o way_n of_o write_v as_o pausanius_n relate_v be_v use_v by_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o so_o as_o be_v report_v be_v write_v the_o law_n of_o solon_n the_o four_o and_o last_o way_n of_o write_v be_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o chineses_n use_n and_o some_o of_o the_o savage_a indian_n but_o although_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v whereby_o each_o thing_n be_v express_v by_o a_o particular_a character_n be_v very_o burdensome_a to_o the_o memory_n yet_o it_o be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o people_n who_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o language_n from_o each_o other_o for_o hereby_o they_o be_v able_a to_o read_v the_o book_n and_o letter_n of_o each_o other_o if_o they_o use_v common_a character_n in_o write_v though_o the_o one_o do_v in_o no_o wise_n understand_v the_o other_o in_o speak_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v that_o those_o of_o japan_n corea_n couchen-china_n use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o book_n though_o they_o differ_v so_o very_a much_o in_o the_o pronunciation_n that_o one_o can_v understand_v a_o word_n the_o other_o say_v yet_o they_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o most_o indifferent_a reader_n no_o otherwise_o skilled_a than_o in_o the_o vulgar_a idiom_n of_o his_o mother-tongue_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o of_o wonder_n that_o although_o the_o several_a native_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n differ_v infinite_o each_o from_o other_o in_o their_o several_a dialect_n so_o that_o their_o vary_v of_o language_n make_v they_o seem_v as_o stranger_n among_o themselves_o their_o tongue_n be_v useless_a member_n to_o their_o intelect_a yet_o in_o their_o book_n one_o general_n character_n be_v use_v so_o that_o the_o same_o be_v equal_o intelligible_a throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a confusion_n of_o language_n in_o the_o several_a province_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v there_o be_v yet_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n another_o common_a tongue_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v quinhoa_n which_o signify_v the_o court_n or_o mandorin_n chinese_n and_o this_o at_o first_o take_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o magistrate_n or_o mandorin_n reside_v in_o the_o respective_a province_n whereto_o they_o be_v send_v with_o a_o superintendent_n authority_n for_o come_v thither_o as_o stranger_n and_o esteem_v it_o below_o their_o greatness_n to_o be_v necessitate_v to_o learn_v any_o other_o tongue_n this_o courtly_a mandorin_n language_n be_v introduce_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n wherein_o not_o only_o all_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o law_n be_v dispatch_v but_o likewise_o all_o person_n of_o rank_n or_o quality_n use_v the_o same_o so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o common_a and_o as_o much_o in_o use_n with_o they_o as_o latin_a in_o europe_n or_o lingua_n franca_n among_o the_o turk_n and_o this_o be_v the_o language_n that_o stranger_n merchant_n and_o other_o learn_v when_o they_o come_v into_o those_o part_n this_o court-speech_n though_o it_o exceed_v all_o the_o other_o for_o number_n of_o letter_n yet_o it_o consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o 362_o word_n so_o that_o the_o shortness_n or_o conciseness_n of_o this_o courtly_a or_o more_o modish_a manner_n of_o speak_v make_v it_o flow_v so_o pleasant_o from_o the_o tongue_n that_o it_o pass_v for_o sweet_a elocution_n almost_o all_o other_o language_n yet_o know_v as_o for_o example_n when_o we_o will_v express_v the_o manner_n of_o take_v a_o thing_n either_o with_o the_o whole_a hand_n or_o with_o one_o or_o two_o finger_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o add_v the_o word_n take_v but_o the_o chinese_n do_v express_v the_o same_o quite_o otherwise_o for_o each_o substantive_n as_o a_o cup_n or_o pot_n signify_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v as_o likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o do_v it_o thus_o nien_z signify_v to_o take_v with_o two_o finger_n tzo_n with_o one_o and_o chua_n with_o the_o whole_a hand_n the_o same_o be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o word_n stand_v we_o say_v to_o stand_v in_o the_o house_n to_o stand_v eat_v to_o stand_v sleep_v but_o they_o have_v a_o word_n which_o denote_v the_o infinitive_n verb_n to_o stand_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o stand_v so_o likewise_o when_o we_o will_v express_v the_o leg_n of_o a_o man_n or_o of_o a_o bird_n we_o always_o add_v the_o same_o word_n leg_n but_o the_o chineses_n express_v it_o all_o in_o one_o for_o kio_n be_v a_o man_n leg_n chua_n a_o bird_n and_o thy_o the_o foot_n of_o any_o creature_n among_o all_o the_o several_a noble_a art_n and_o science_n wherewith_o the_o european_n be_v ennoble_v the_o chineses_n have_v only_o some_o insight_n into_o that_o of_o philosophy_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a thing_n be_v much_o more_o obscure_v among_o they_o by_o several_a interpose_a error_n than_o any_o way_n enlighten_v the_o great_a philosopher_n of_o all_o that_o nation_n be_v one_o confutius_n bear_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o one_o year_n before_o christ_n incarnation_n and_o live_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o above_o seventy_o year_n that_o not_o only_o by_o example_n but_o also_o by_o his_o write_n and_o conversation_n he_o stir_v up_o all_o other_o to_o imitate_v he_o in_o a_o virtuous_a and_o orderly_a course_n of_o life_n whereby_o he_o gain_v so_o great_a a_o esteem_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o believe_v
he_o to_o have_v far_o exceed_v in_o virtue_n learning_n and_o integrity_n all_o other_o mortal_n that_o ever_o live_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o certain_o if_o his_o work_n which_o be_v extant_a in_o chinese_n book_n be_v mind_v with_o a_o due_a regard_n man_n must_v acknowledge_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o virtue_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o chineses_n have_v to_o this_o day_n so_o great_a a_o opinion_n of_o his_o name_n that_o whatsoever_o he_o have_v write_v be_v never_o call_v in_o question_n but_o by_o all_o maintain_v for_o good_a have_v gain_v to_o itself_o the_o authority_n of_o ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la in_o the_o school_n and_o not_o only_o the_o learned_a but_o the_o king_n also_o have_v ever_o since_o his_o death_n perpetuate_v his_o memory_n and_o record_v his_o name_n in_o their_o annal_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o learning_n they_o receive_v from_o he_o and_o such_o of_o his_o posterity_n as_o yet_o remain_v be_v to_o this_o day_n high_o respect_v by_o all_o and_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n have_v ennoble_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o family_n with_o great_a title_n of_o honour_n and_o exempt_v they_o from_o pay_v any_o public_a tax_n or_o imposition_n nor_o do_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o chinese_n end_n here_o for_o they_o be_v great_a proficient_n in_o the_o art_n of_o astrology_n and_o in_o several_a other_o art_n and_o science_n as_o also_o heretofore_o in_o that_o of_o arithmetic_n in_o the_o understanding_n whereof_o they_o have_v of_o late_a year_n much_o decay_v insomuch_o that_o now_o the_o shopkeeper_n use_v board_n to_z tell_v upon_o which_o be_v full_a of_o holes_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o ready_a at_o it_o that_o with_o a_o peg_n they_o know_v how_o to_o cast_v up_o a_o account_n with_o as_o much_o method_n and_o expedition_n as_o the_o most_o skilful_a european_a with_o counter_n in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n star_n and_o constellation_n therein_o they_o differ_v very_o much_o from_o we_o of_o europe_n have_v add_v to_o their_o number_n more_o than_o be_v know_v to_o the_o most_o critical_a of_o our_o modern_a astronomer_n the_o stargazer_n be_v chief_o employ_v in_o prognosticate_a the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n eclipse_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o various_a course_n of_o the_o planetary_a motion_n but_o herein_o they_o be_v like_o themselves_o and_o brethren_n in_o the_o same_o art_n full_a of_o error_n and_o mistake_v as_o also_o in_o their_o astrological_a observation_n calculate_v of_o nativity_n horary_a question_n or_o the_o like_a concern_v good_a or_o bad_a fortune_n in_o their_o life_n as_o well_o as_o present_a success_n in_o their_o emergent_a occasion_n together_o with_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o barrenness_n of_o the_o ensue_a year_n for_o they_o take_v it_o as_o a_o main_a article_n of_o their_o belief_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o happen_v here_o upon_o earth_n depend_v upon_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o star_n and_o be_v direct_v and_o order_v by_o the_o various_a signature_n of_o their_o several_a configuration_n of_o this_o fortune-telling_n part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o astrology_n trigautius_n the_o jesuit_n give_v this_o follow_a account_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n the_o present_a emperor_n of_o china_n have_v strict_o forbid_v this_o kind_n of_o learning_n to_o all_o but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_n by_o inheritance_n or_o be_v otherwise_o appoint_v and_o choose_v thereunto_o and_o this_o prohibition_n at_o first_o spring_v from_o fear_n lest_o any_o have_v obtain_v to_o the_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o that_o art_n shall_v by_o pretence_n thereof_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o erect_v any_o novelty_n in_o the_o empire_n yet_o that_o the_o art_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o same_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v utter_o lose_v or_o neglect_v the_o say_a emperor_n maintain_v several_a stargazer_n at_o a_o very_a great_a charge_n for_o his_o own_o use_n and_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n namely_o the_o celubden_n who_o live_v within_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o the_o imperial_a magistrate_n who_o live_v without_o both_o these_o have_v at_o present_a at_o peking_n two_o bench_n the_o one_o entitle_v the_o bench_n of_o the_o chinese_n which_o be_v employ_v about_o make_v of_o almanac_n and_o prognostication_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n eclipse_n the_o other_o be_v of_o the_o saracener_n who_o study_n tend_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o be_v methodise_v according_a to_o the_o ground_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o western_a astrology_n after_o a_o time_n the_o judgement_n of_o both_o these_o bench_n be_v compare_v together_o and_o any_o difference_n or_o mistake_n of_o either_o or_o both_o be_v then_o rectify_v both_o these_o society_n have_v a_o convenient_a mansion_n provide_v for_o they_o upon_o a_o very_a high_a hill_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o view_v the_o star_n and_o raise_v observation_n from_o the_o same_o several_a old_a astrological_a instrument_n make_v of_o copper_n or_o brass_n be_v keep_v in_o this_o place_n every_o night_n one_o of_o the_o profession_n remain_v here_o to_o observe_v whether_o any_o new_a star_n appear_v in_o the_o firmament_n which_o might_n foretell_v some_o novelty_n and_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n happen_v he_o immediate_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o society_n and_o they_o communicate_v the_o same_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o consult_v with_o he_o what_o it_o may_v portend_v and_o how_o relate_v to_o good_a or_o evil_n and_o this_o be_v the_o office_n or_o duty_n of_o the_o astrologer_n at_o peking_n as_o to_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n they_o be_v very_o expert_a therein_o and_o their_o rule_n of_o art_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o those_o of_o our_o european_a physician_n for_o first_o they_o feel_v the_o pulse_n like_o they_o and_o be_v very_o skilful_a in_o discover_v by_o the_o same_o the_o inward_a distemper_n of_o the_o body_n in_o each_o hand_n they_o take_v notice_n of_o six_o distinct_a beat_n of_o the_o same_o namely_o three_o high_a and_o three_o low_a which_o as_o they_o conceive_v have_v some_o secret_a coherence_n with_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o that_o of_o the_o first_o to_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o second_o to_o the_o liver_n of_o the_o the_o three_o to_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o four_o to_o the_o spleen_n of_o the_o five_o to_o the_o reins_o etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o may_v with_o the_o great_a certainty_n of_o judgement_n deliver_v their_o opinion_n they_o be_v at_o least_o half_a a_o hour_n in_o feel_v the_o pulse_n of_o the_o sick_a person_n when_o by_o the_o pulse_n they_o have_v find_v out_o the_o distemper_n then_o in_o order_n to_o the_o cure_n of_o the_o patient_n they_o apply_v and_o make_v use_n of_o several_a simple_n and_o root_n to_o say_v the_o truth_n they_o be_v general_o very_o well_o experience_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o several_a virtue_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o herb_n grow_v among_o they_o and_o this_o be_v observable_a that_o there_o be_v no_o school_n in_o all_o china_n for_o the_o learning_n of_o physic_n but_o every_o master_n of_o family_n teach_v his_o servant_n and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o although_o in_o both_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n and_o nank_v the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n of_o physic_n be_v not_o grant_v but_o after_o examination_n yet_o this_o degree_n when_o obtain_v do_v advance_v neither_o the_o honour_n or_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o few_o or_o none_o study_v physic_n but_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n because_o the_o very_a profession_n thereof_o which_o be_v so_o honourable_a in_o other_o place_n be_v there_o be_v no_o esteem_n nor_o add_v the_o least_o reputation_n to_o he_o that_o gain_v it_o but_o it_o be_v quite_o otherwise_o with_o such_o as_o study_v philosophy_n for_o whosoever_o have_v attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n thereof_o be_v by_o they_o account_v to_o have_v arrive_v at_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o humane_a happiness_n attainable_a in_o this_o world_n the_o abovementioned_a confutius_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o chinese_n philosopher_n have_v collect_v into_o order_n all_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o that_o kind_n and_o contract_v they_o into_o four_o great_a book_n to_o which_o he_o add_v a_o five_o of_o his_o own_o in_o which_o volume_n be_v teach_v rule_v oeconomical_a and_o political_a as_o well_o the_o way_n to_o live_v as_o to_o govern_v well_o as_o also_o the_o ancient_a example_n manner_n offering_n and_o several_a poem_n of_o ancient_a author_n but_o beside_o these_o five_o there_o be_v another_o great_a volume_n write_v by_o some_o of_o the_o disciple_n of_o confutius_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n and_o call_v the_o four_o book_n the_o last_o volume_n thus_o subdivide_v
picture_n while_o these_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a stand_n on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o coffin_n in_o their_o white_a mourn_v with_o great_a modesty_n and_o shed_v tear_n plentiful_o behind_o it_o sit_v the_o mother_n with_o the_o daughter_n and_o other_o of_o the_o relation_n in_o mourn_v also_o but_o they_o be_v so_o reserve_v in_o their_o manner_n of_o lamentation_n that_o they_o have_v a_o curtain_n draw_v before_o they_o that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o be_v see_v in_o the_o hall_n stand_v two_o trumpeter_n and_o at_o the_o great_a gate_n of_o the_o court_n within_o two_o drummer_n over_o the_o gate_n hang_v upon_o a_o board_n a_o long_a scroll_n of_o paper_n even_o to_o the_o ground_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v read_v who_o it_o be_v that_o be_v decease_v and_o what_o he_o have_v do_v in_o his_o life-time_n for_o the_o service_n and_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n it_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o child_n keep_v their_o body_n three_o or_o four_o year_n unbury_v in_o their_o house_n in_o all_o which_o time_n they_o be_v never_o offend_v with_o any_o scent_n proceed_v from_o the_o same_o the_o reason_n whereof_o may_v be_v their_o extraordinary_a skill_n in_o embalm_v and_o close_v the_o crevice_n of_o the_o coffin_n and_o so_o long_o as_o they_o keep_v they_o thus_o aboveground_o they_o set_v before_o they_o meat_n and_o drink_v daily_a as_o if_o they_o be_v live_v during_o all_o which_o time_n the_o son_n take_v not_o their_o place_n but_o sit_v upon_o a_o long_a bench_n cover_v with_o white_a and_o as_o a_o further_a testimony_n of_o their_o obedient_a sorrow_n they_o sleep_v not_o upon_o bed_n but_o upon_o matrass_n of_o straw_n spread_v upon_o the_o floor_n near_o the_o cousin_n abstain_v likewise_o all_o that_o while_n from_o flesh_n or_o any_o compound_n meat_n or_o drink_v wine_n or_o use_v any_o bath_n and_o that_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o forbear_v to_o accompany_v with_o their_o wife_n in_o any_o way_n of_o natural_a affection_n and_o this_o for_o the_o generality_n be_v voluntary_a but_o what_o follow_v be_v forbid_v to_o wit_n they_o may_v not_o go_v to_o any_o public_a invitation_n abroad_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o street_n for_o so_o many_o month_n but_o if_o their_o occasion_n be_v such_o as_o call_v they_o out_o of_o door_n they_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o close_a chair_n cover_v over_o with_o mourn_v although_o former_o to_o the_o commendation_n of_o the_o country_n these_o thing_n be_v perform_v yet_o in_o this_o present_a age_n few_o or_o none_o be_v find_v among_o they_o that_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o ceremony_n upon_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o funeral_n all_o the_o friend_n meet_v who_o be_v invite_v by_o another_o book_n to_o accompany_v the_o corpse_n of_o their_o friend_n to_o his_o grave_n the_o solemnity_n be_v order_v and_o perform_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o roman-catholic_n make_v their_o procession_n at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n several_a image_n of_o man_n woman_n elephant_n tiger_n lion_n and_o such_o like_a beast_n make_v all_o of_o paper_n and_o paint_v with_o several_a colour_n be_v carry_v before_o the_o coffin_n and_o at_o last_o burn_v at_o the_o grave_a among_o who_o also_o go_v some_o that_o carry_v incense_n in_o large_a copper_n vessel_n and_o wax_v torch_n burn_v the_o priest_n and_o other_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o idol-temple_n follow_v after_o these_o with_o drum_n and_o pipe_n after_o who_o next_o in_o place_n be_v the_o coffin_n most_o curious_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v bear_v up_o by_o at_o least_o forty_o or_o fifty_o person_n all_o very_a rich_o habit_v behind_o the_o coffin_n come_v the_o son_n on_o foot_n but_o seem_v to_o support_v themselves_o with_o stick_n in_o their_o hand_n as_o if_o grief_n and_o sorrow_n have_v bring_v they_o into_o a_o weak_a condition_n then_o follow_v the_o woman_n in_o close_a chair_n cover_v with_o white_a so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v see_v if_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o father_n die_v when_o their_o son_n be_v from_o home_n the_o funeral_n be_v defer_v till_o their_o return_n and_o notice_n thereof_o send_v they_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o receive_v they_o immediate_o put_v on_o mourn_v upon_o the_o very_a place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o then_o hasten_v home_n with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n to_o perform_v the_o ceremony_n in_o order_n as_o we_o have_v relate_v but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o a_o son_n be_v oblige_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o law_n though_o he_o be_v in_o the_o high_a office_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o of_o the_o colaos_n to_o return_v home_o and_o there_o to_o mourn_v for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o entire_a year_n in_o which_o time_n he_o be_v total_o forbid_v to_o return_v to_o his_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o mourn_v for_o parent_n and_o 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marble_n sometime_o of_o other_o stone_n contain_v in_o a_o portion_n of_o ground_n according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o person_n and_o common_o wall_v about_o within_o who_o circumference_n some_o make_v several_a little_a room_n which_o together_o with_o the_o say_a wall_n be_v surround_v with_o artificial_a grove_n of_o cypress-tree_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o grave_n lie_v a_o large_a stone_n rare_o adorn_v with_o curious_a image_n engrave_v round_o about_o it_o and_o upon_o its_o surface_n be_v engrave_v the_o famous_a action_n of_o the_o decease_a they_o who_o wealth_n raise_v they_o to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o humane_a felicity_n and_o enlarge_n their_o pleasure_n beyond_o the_o limit_n of_o a_o satisfaction_n in_o this_o life_n such_o as_o the_o gelubden_n bestow_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n upon_o their_o tomb_n build_v they_o little_a inferior_a to_o palace_n with_o several_a apartment_n within_o and_o triumphal_a arch_n stand_v before_o they_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v several_a of_o these_o famous_a sepulchral_v monument_n near_o to_o the_o city_n tame_v be_v a_o very_a noble_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n in_o this_o kind_n build_v by_o the_o emperor_n cavus_fw-la about_o 4000_o year_n since_o as_o they_o report_v so_o likewise_o near_o to_o the_o city_n cinon_n upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v build_v very_o sumptuous_a tomb_n as_o well_o of_o king_n as_o of_o other_o great_a lord_n i_o myself_o see_v some_o of_o these_o sepulcher_n very_o artificial_o build_v upon_o some_o solitary_a hill_n which_o be_v not_o the_o product_n of_o nature_n but_o to_o make_v the_o work_n the_o more_o stupendous_a and_o considerable_a be_v cast_v up_o with_o the_o spade_n and_o raise_v to_o almost_o a_o incredible_a height_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o wall_n be_v a_o gate_n through_o which_o we_o enter_v into_o the_o sepulchre_n to_o which_o belong_v common_o three_o such_o door_n and_o ascend_v by_o easy_a step_n up_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v plaster_v on_o the_o inside_n and_o have_v bench_n about_o it_o at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o survive_a friend_n come_v and_o visit_v these_o grave_n bring_v store_n of_o provision_n with_o they_o and_o then_o express_v their_o sorrow_n afresh_o shed_v tear_n and_o use_v other_o lamentation_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o dear_a friend_n nay_o some_o of_o they_o do_v with_o such_o reality_n of_o grief_n and_o affection_n oftentimes_o take_v it_o to_o heart_n that_o they_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v draw_v thence_o but_o desire_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o dead_a without_o the_o city_n of_o nank_v heretofore_o the_o court_n and_o imperial_a chamber_n of_o the_o ancient_a prince_n but_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o wall_n grow_v a_o very_a
this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o house_n in_o china_n and_o japan_n glitter_v and_o shine_v so_o bright_a that_o they_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o such_o as_o behold_v they_o this_o paint_n also_o lay_v a_o shine_a colour_n upon_o wood_n which_o be_v so_o beautiful_a and_o last_a that_o they_o use_v few_o or_o no_o table-cloth_n at_o their_o meal_n for_o if_o they_o spill_v any_o grease_n or_o other_o liquor_n upon_o the_o table_n it_o be_v easy_o rub_v off_o with_o a_o little_a fair_a water_n without_o loss_n or_o damage_n of_o colour_n chap._n xv._n of_o root_n herb_n flower_n reed_n tree_n and_o fruit_n the_o vast_a and_o large_a territory_n of_o this_o empire_n which_o reach_v not_o only_o very_o far_o from_o east_n to_o west_n but_o also_o from_o south_n to_o north_n occasion_v that_o in_o no_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o fruit_n be_v produce_v the_o true_a and_o natural_a cause_n whereof_o be_v the_o several_a temper_n of_o the_o air_n which_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v grant_v in_o so_o immense_a territory_n it_o be_v by_o experience_n know_v that_o some_o grow_v best_a under_o a_o hot_a climate_n other_o under_o a_o cold_a and_o some_o under_o a_o well_o temper_a air_n all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o country_n the_o learned_a among_o themselves_o have_v describe_v at_o large_a in_o their_o book_n what_o each_o province_n do_v produce_v by_o the_o view_n whereof_o and_o other_o particular_a relation_n this_o may_v be_v affirm_v for_o truth_n in_o general_a that_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n as_o well_o as_o for_o delight_n be_v to_o be_v have_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n without_o be_v behold_v to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o much_o i_o dare_v from_o my_o own_o knowledge_n affirm_v that_o whatever_o be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o europe_n be_v likewise_o find_v in_o china_n and_o if_o in_o truth_n there_o want_v any_o thing_n nature_n have_v supply_v that_o 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yellow_a of_o colour_n and_o sweetish_a of_o taste_n but_o be_v chew_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v mingle_v with_o a_o little_a bitterness_n it_o be_v a_o great_a enlivener_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o a_o man_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o hot_a and_o strong_a constitution_n endanger_v their_o life_n by_o use_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o strengthen_n nature_n and_o quality_n whereas_o person_n weak_a and_o feeble_a through_o sickness_n or_o otherwise_o find_v great_a advantage_n in_o the_o use_n thereof_o for_o such_o be_v the_o sovereign_a virtue_n of_o this_o root_n that_o it_o have_v recover_v some_o that_o be_v bring_v to_o death_n door_n for_o which_o its_o most_o rare_a quality_n it_o be_v become_v of_o so_o great_a price_n that_o it_o be_v common_o sell_v for_o thrice_o its_o weight_n in_o silver_n in_o queicheu_o near_o to_o lipe_v grow_v the_o best_a root_n of_o china_n there_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o true_a and_o counterfeit_a yet_o both_o natural_a the_o true_a grow_v near_o to_o this_o city_n and_o in_o other_o place_n the_o counterfeit_a or_o to_o speak_v more_o proper_o the_o wild_a root_n and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v bring_v general_o into_o europe_n it_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n within_o but_o neither_o so_o big_a nor_o of_o so_o great_a virtue_n as_o the_o true_a which_o grow_v and_o increase_v under_o ground_n almost_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o potato_n in_o india_n and_o especial_o in_o old_a pinetree_n wood_n from_o whence_o they_o say_v this_o root_n proceed_v first_o of_o all_o from_o the_o gum_n or_o juice_n of_o the_o pinetree_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o ground_n take_v root_n and_o bring_v forth_o a_o herb_n which_o by_o degree_n spread_v itself_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o grow_v under_o ground_n with_o knotty_a root_n in_o shape_n bigness_n and_o colour_n not_o unlike_a to_o the_o indian_a coco-nut_n but_o thin_a and_o soft_a which_o they_o use_v in_o several_a medicine_n this_o root_n be_v first_o know_v in_o europe_n in_o the_o year_n 1535._o when_o the_o chineses_n bring_v the_o same_o to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o city_n of_o goa_n in_o india_n and_o although_o the_o like_a root_n may_v grow_v in_o other_o part_n of_o india_n as_o also_o in_o the_o west-indies_n yet_o be_v it_o much_o inferior_a in_o goodness_n to_o that_o of_o the_o east_n the_o best_a whereof_o be_v tasteless_a heavy_a sound_a and_o firm_a this_o root_n have_v a_o particular_a virtue_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o garcias_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o the_o spanish_a pox_n and_o be_v sovereign_a against_o the_o itch_n tremble_n ache_n gout_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v also_o very_o good_a for_o a_o weak_a stomach_n headache_n the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n proceed_v from_o cold._n here_o grow_v also_o great_a store_n of_o ginger_n in_o this_o country_n so_o pure_o and_o with_o such_o celerity_n as_o exceed_v all_o in_o other_o country_n though_o it_o be_v true_a in_o several_a other_o part_n there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o ginger_n to_o be_v have_v as_o at_o bengala_n and_o upon_o the_o island_n molucco_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n bring_v into_o europe_n of_o this_o root_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n male_a and_o female_a which_o last_o be_v small_a of_o leaf_n and_o root_n than_o the_o first_o the_o leave_n be_v very_a like_o those_o of_o reed_n so_o that_o whosoever_o never_o see_v any_o ginger_n grow_v will_v take_v they_o to_o be_v reed_n the_o leave_n of_o the_o male_a sort_n through_o which_o run_v some_o great_a sinew_n or_o vein_n rise_v not_o much_o high_a than_o three_o foot_n above_o ground_n the_o root_n be_v of_o several_a weight_n and_o bigness_n whereof_o some_o have_v the_o length_n of_o four_o span_n full_a of_o knot_n and_o shoot_v not_o deep_a into_o the_o ground_n but_o like_o reed_n grow_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n when_o the_o leave_n be_v wither_v which_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n when_o they_o take_v they_o up_o they_o break_v off_o a_o piece_n and_o fling_v it_o into_o the_o ground_n again_o for_o a_o increase_n the_o root_n fresh_a take_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o abound_a moisture_n be_v not_o so_o hot_a of_o taste_n as_o the_o dry_a which_o be_v lay_v a_o little_a into_o the_o sun_n to_o harden_v thus_o prepare_v they_o fling_v mold_n or_o clay_n upon_o they_o to_o prevent_v they_o from_o be_v worm-eaten_a which_o this_o root_n be_v very_o subject_a to_o it_o increase_v very_o fast_o as_o do_v all_o other_o spice_n which_o grow_v in_o such_o place_n as_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n and_o though_o the_o chineses_n and_o other_o plant_v ginger_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o herb_n yet_o however_o it_o grow_v also_o wild_a but_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o goodness_n of_o that_o which_o be_v cultivate_v when_o they_o intend_v to_o prepare_v this_o commodity_n for_o sale_n they_o first_o pare_v it_o and_o then_o put_v it_o immediate_o into_o pickle_n or_o vinegar_n for_o a_o hour_n or_o two_o afterward_o they_o take_v it_o out_o and_o lay_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v for_o the_o like_a space_n then_o they_o take_v it_o again_o into_o the_o house_n put_v it_o up_o into_o a_o dry_a place_n and_o there_o let_v it_o lie_v till_o all_o the_o moisture_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o do_v they_o put_v it_o into_o pickle_n with_o good_a store_n of_o sugar_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o order_v make_v it_o pleasant_a to_o the_o palate_n and_o abate_v much_o of_o its_o heat_n and_o this_o be_v general_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o greenginger_n which_o as_o a_o salad_n be_v use_v by_o the_o chinese_n among_o other_o herb_n it_o be_v very_o sovereign_a for_o several_a distemper_n as_o pain_n in_o the_o
stranger_n and_o to_o negotiate_v their_o business_n for_o they_o yet_o we_o resolve_v not_o to_o be_v discourage_v but_o rather_o take_v the_o great_a magnanimity_n and_o trust_v in_o almighty_a god_n who_o sometime_o permit_v difficulty_n to_o appear_v insupportable_a by_o humane_a strength_n that_o we_o may_v ascribe_v our_o happy_a success_n to_o he_o alone_o and_o return_v he_o all_o praise_n and_o thanks_o who_o bring_v all_o our_o work_n to_o pass_v with_o erect_a spirit_n therefore_o and_o our_o heart_n advance_v we_o accost_v a_o famous_a chinese_n who_o be_v likewise_o precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o hospitality_n for_o now_o all_o their_o court_n have_v double_a chief_n and_o precedent_n in_o they_o the_o one_o a_o tartar_n and_o the_o other_o a_o chinese_n earnest_o request_v his_o favourable_a assistance_n in_o this_o business_n for_o know_v his_o authority_n in_o his_o favour_n lie_v our_o great_a hope_n and_o he_o be_v ever_o a_o most_o friendly_a person_n to_o we_o as_o he_o have_v be_v to_o the_o father_n our_o predecessor_n and_o one_o that_o have_v a_o good_a opinion_n of_o our_o book_n and_o science_n to_o who_o we_o present_v a_o book_n write_v in_o chinese_n character_n a_o mirror_n or_o theatre_n of_o their_o part_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o i_o show_v he_o a_o description_n of_o the_o island_n adjacent_a to_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n and_o among_o they_o a_o geographical_a map_n of_o the_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la which_o they_o vulgar_o call_v tywan_n and_o so_o take_v occasion_n to_o report_v those_o mischief_n that_o have_v befall_v that_o isle_n since_o the_o hollander_n invade_v and_o to_o declare_v the_o imminent_a danger_n impend_v not_o only_a over_o that_o province_n of_o fokien_n but_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o such_o a_o enemy_n particular_o that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o hollander_n remain_v upon_o the_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la neither_o civencheu_o nor_o cincheu_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n can_v ever_o be_v secure_a or_o flourish_v but_o will_v be_v in_o perpetual_a hazard_n of_o decay_n this_o mandorin_n be_v wonderful_o please_v with_o the_o book_n and_o promise_v i_o to_o show_v it_o to_o the_o council_n that_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v about_o the_o hollander_n and_o withal_o he_o add_v this_o word_n of_o consolation_n that_o these_o hollander_n shall_v never_o accomplish_v and_o bring_v to_o pass_v their_o design_n here_o although_o i_o well_o know_v they_o have_v bribe_v the_o king_n of_o canton_n and_o many_o other_o great_a officer_n about_o the_o court_n for_o i_o will_v never_o suffer_v they_o to_o enter_v into_o china_n or_o to_o be_v allow_v any_o commerce_n with_o it_o and_o as_o he_o promise_v so_o he_o likewise_o perform_v with_o other_o chineses_n of_o his_o party_n withstand_v the_o tartar_n and_o anon_o produce_v the_o book_n to_o they_o whereunto_o they_o all_o give_v great_a estimation_n and_o credit_n because_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n at_o length_n from_o the_o cognizance_n that_o all_o great_a man_n take_v of_o the_o hollander_n and_o the_o fame_n that_o be_v spread_v of_o they_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o tartar_n shut_v they_o up_o and_o not_o only_o deny_v they_o liberty_n to_o sell_v any_o thing_n or_o to_o buy_v any_o necessary_n for_o themselves_o but_o also_o prohibit_v they_o to_o receive_v those_o entertainment_n whereunto_o some_o of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o canton's_n intimate_a friend_n have_v invite_v they_o nor_o will_v they_o suffer_v any_o man_n so_o much_o as_o to_o sit_v down_o at_o their_o door_n whence_o the_o dutch_a despair_v of_o any_o good_a issue_n of_o their_o negotiation_n plain_o disow_v their_o pretence_n of_o seek_v any_o commerce_n here_o and_o pretend_v their_o business_n to_o be_v only_o a_o congratulation_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o new_a conquest_n which_o have_v now_o perform_v with_o their_o most_o hearty_a wish_n for_o the_o continuance_n and_o increase_n of_o his_o posterity_n they_o desire_v his_o majesty_n leave_n to_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n and_o country_n hitherto_o whatever_o father_n lodowick_n balion_n and_o myself_o have_v do_v to_o defeat_v the_o hollander_n if_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o our_o wish_n it_o be_v according_a to_o our_o power_n and_o by_o divine_a assistance_n it_o prove_v sufficient_a in_o our_o lay_n open_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o alienate_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o chinese_n from_o they_o and_o of_o many_o tartar_n too_o who_o before_o stand_v at_o the_o most_o but_o in_o a_o neutrality_n and_o to_o the_o strike_v some_o terror_n in_o those_o who_o have_v be_v corrupt_v by_o their_o bribe_n i_o say_v that_o by_o divine_a assistance_n it_o prove_v sufficient_a for_o without_o that_o it_o have_v be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o have_v advance_v one_o step_n in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o well_o for_o the_o vast_a gift_n and_o present_n whereby_o they_o have_v gain_v upon_o man_n who_o they_o have_v find_v capable_a of_o further_a their_o design_n as_o for_o the_o contrary_a penury_n on_o our_o side_n which_o lose_v we_o many_o advantage_n that_o we_o can_v otherwise_o have_v take_v for_o at_o peking_n as_o at_o old_a rome_n all_o thing_n be_v buy_v and_o sold._n we_o go_v often_o to_o the_o old_a church_n to_o confer_v with_o father_n john_n adam_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o to_o animate_v he_o to_o acquaint_v the_o emperor_n with_o it_o for_o he_o have_v frequent_a access_n to_o the_o emperor_n ear_n i_o say_v to_o animate_v he_o not_o that_o he_o want_v either_o courage_n or_o good_a will_n but_o because_o as_o i_o have_v former_o write_v unto_o your_o lordship_n all_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n be_v entire_o act_v in_o the_o tribunal_n from_o whence_o alone_o the_o emperor_n be_v to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o empire_n whereto_o he_o common_o conform_v himself_o yea_o sometime_o if_o he_o will_v he_o can_v alter_v the_o determination_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n who_o be_v become_v the_o supreme_a legislator_n of_o that_o empire_n when_o homebred_a and_o domestic_a business_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o question_n and_o whereof_o the_o emperor_n have_v any_o knowledge_n though_o it_o be_v but_o small_a they_o common_o make_v their_o address_n to_o his_o majesty_n about_o it_o but_o of_o foreign_a business_n he_o have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o till_o they_o have_v finish_v it_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o thing_n of_o little_a danger_n to_o move_v the_o emperor_n in_o lest_o they_o who_o favour_v the_o hollander_n may_v be_v provoke_v to_o plead_v that_o what_o father_n john_n and_o we_o do_v proceed_v mere_o from_o envy_n and_o covetousness_n to_o defame_v the_o hollander_n because_o we_o will_v engross_v the_o trade_n of_o canton_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o portuguese_a exclude_v all_o other_o nation_n who_o probable_o may_v be_v more_o advantageous_a to_o this_o empire_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o father_n adam_n do_v adventure_v to_o speak_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v always_o high_o please_v to_o favour_v he_o and_o now_o to_o entertain_v his_o motion_n and_o for_o his_o sake_n to_o incline_v to_o our_o party_n and_o it_o please_v god_n so_o to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o gainsayer_n that_o none_o dare_v open_a after_o your_o lordship_n owe_v much_o to_o father_n john_n valleat_n who_o although_o he_o can_v not_o negotiate_v with_o any_o abroad_o out_o of_o the_o palace_n as_o he_o wish_v be_v yet_o very_o behoveful_a in_o his_o constant_a solicitation_n of_o father_n john_n adam_n exhort_v he_o to_o improve_v his_o interest_n in_o the_o emperor_n about_o our_o business_n and_o suggest_v many_o reason_n to_o he_o of_o its_o feasibleness_n and_o what_o he_o do_v herein_o we_o have_v extract_v out_o of_o a_o epistle_n from_o he_o to_o father_n visidore_n as_o follow_v the_o twelve_o of_o this_o present_a february_n i_o be_v with_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v please_v according_a to_o his_o wont_a to_o honour_v i_o with_o familiar_a discourse_n among_o other_o subject_n he_o fall_v upon_o the_o hollander_n which_o give_v i_o occasion_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o their_o proper_a colour_n and_o particular_o to_o admonish_v the_o emperor_n of_o that_o great_a lie_n wherewith_o they_o have_v arm_v themselves_o upon_o their_o come_n hither_o in_o the_o poud_a boast_n of_o their_o large_a dominion_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v legal_a and_o ancient_a owner_n of_o great_a territory_n when_o they_o the_o truth_n be_v be_v but_o violent_a possessor_n of_o a_o small_a part_n of_o a_o country_n which_o they_o at_o first_o have_v traitorous_o usurp_v and_o since_o rebellious_o defend_v from_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o thereupon_o become_v vagabond_n upon_o the_o sea_n there_o
stone_n itself_o to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n in_o the_o chinesian_a idiom_n as_o it_o be_v sculp_v in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 782._o that_o from_o this_o most_o ancient_a testimony_n every_o one_o may_v conjecture_v how_o true_a the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o catholic_n be_v see_v the_o same_o be_v preach_v in_o a_o opposite_a quarter_n of_o the_o world_n among_o the_o chinese_n anno_fw-la 636._o of_o our_o saviour_n that_o be_v about_o a_o thousand_o year_n since_o the_o chinesian_a original_a of_o the_o stone_n be_v now_o conserve_v in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o roman_a college_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n and_o another_o copy_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o profession_n i_o myself_o also_o obtain_v from_o the_o most_o grave_a chinese_n doctor_n and_o master_n at_o the_o very_a time_n that_o the_o monument_n be_v find_v a_o book_n print_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n in_o which_o the_o write_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v most_o true_o and_o exact_o express_v according_a to_o the_o true_a original_a they_o advise_v the_o chineses_n in_o the_o large_a preface_n adjoin_v to_o the_o book_n that_o at_o length_n they_o will_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o great_a occident_n for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n and_o discover_v whether_o they_o preach_v the_o same_o law_n among_o the_o chinese_n which_o their_o ancestor_n with_o so_o many_o emperor_n embrace_v a_o thousand_o century_n ago_o and_o which_o the_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n exhibit_v in_o the_o book_n print_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n before_o the_o stone_n be_v find_v now_o it_o only_o remain_v that_o i_o shall_v declare_v how_o this_o marble_n table_n be_v detect_v when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n francis_n xavier_n the_o venerable_a father_n matthew_n riccius_fw-la and_o other_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n have_v introduce_v the_o gospel_n of_o christ_n into_o the_o more_o inland_a part_n of_o china_n and_o have_v erect_v residence_n and_o church_n in_o some_o province_n and_o therefore_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o holy_a faith_n have_v make_v no_o small_a progress_n in_o that_o of_o xensi_fw-la anno_fw-la 1625._o one_o of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o same_o society_n invite_v by_o doctor_n philip_n have_v baptise_a twenty_o person_n in_o his_o native_a country_n of_o sanyven_v he_o go_v with_o the_o same_o doctor_n to_o see_v a_o stone_n which_o they_o have_v find_v some_o month_n before_o in_o the_o village_n chenche_fw-mi near_o the_o metropolis_n siganfu_n whilst_o they_o be_v cast_v up_o the_o rubbish_n for_o the_o build_n of_o a_o wall_n this_o father_n write_v which_o other_o father_n who_o have_v fix_v their_o abide_v and_o erect_v a_o church_n in_o siganfu_n with_o the_o christian_n and_o heathen_n also_o affirm_v that_o a_o stone_n be_v find_v five_o hand_n broad_a one_o thick_a and_o nine_o long_a the_o top_n whereof_o make_v like_o a_o oblong_a pyramid_n of_o two_o hand_n and_o one_o broad_a on_o the_o vertex_fw-la the_o cross_n be_v engrave_v above_o the_o cloud_n that_o with_o its_o branch_n seem_v to_o imitate_v the_o flowerdeluce_n beside_o the_o chinesian_a inscription_n on_o the_o left_a side_n and_o beneath_o there_o appear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o syrian_a priest_n and_o also_o other_o chinesian_a name_n of_o the_o same_o priest_n under-written_a it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o chineses_n to_o have_v many_o name_n whence_o also_o the_o christian_n at_o this_o day_n retain_v both_o the_o name_n of_o the_o saint_n they_o receive_v in_o baptism_n and_o another_o chinese_n name_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n be_v certify_v of_o the_o find_n of_o this_o monument_n command_v a_o elegant_a composition_n to_o be_v make_v in_o praise_n of_o it_o and_o to_o be_v engrave_v on_o such_o another_o like_a marble_n stone_n cause_v both_o of_o they_o to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o fane_n or_o temple_n of_o the_o bonzi_n that_o be_v call_v tan_n su_n a_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o metropolis_n siganfu_n as_o a_o perpetual_a remembrance_n of_o the_o same_o many_o other_o footstep_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n preach_v to_o the_o chineses_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o follow_a year_n which_o god_n seem_v not_o willing_a to_o have_v manifest_v but_o only_o at_o that_o very_a time_n in_o which_o the_o preach_a of_o the_o same_o faith_n arrive_v among_o the_o chinese_n by_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n that_o so_o both_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testimony_n may_v affect_v the_o identity_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n may_v be_v render_v perspicuous_a and_o manifest_a unto_o all_o the_o like_a image_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n be_v see_v in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n in_o the_o year_n 1630._o in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n also_o a_o miraculous_a light_n shine_v forth_o anno_fw-la 1635._o which_o be_v behold_v by_o the_o gentile_n and_o also_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o fokien_n and_o in_o the_o city_n cyvencheu_o 1643._o cross_n be_v find_v yea_o the_o venerable_a father_n martin_n riccius_fw-la when_o first_o he_o come_v into_o china_n find_v xe_n tsu_fw-fr kiao_n to_o be_v a_o name_n signify_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cross_n by_o which_o the_o christian_n ancient_o that_o be_v disciple_n of_o that_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cross_n be_v name_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o that_o be_v christian_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n when_o the_o tartar_n about_o three_o hundred_o year_n past_o first_o invade_v china_n and_o that_o they_o live_v there_o mix_v with_o saracen_n jew_n nestorian_n and_o gentile_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n who_o travel_v unto_o catay_n which_o be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o we_o now_o call_v china_n and_o now_o whether_o st._n thomas_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n first_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o chinese_n be_v not_o yet_o certain_o know_v father_n nicholas_n trigautius_n collect_v from_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o the_o christian_n of_o the_o church_n of_o malabar_n in_o the_o archbishopric_a of_o cranganor_n or_o de_fw-fr serra_fw-la which_o be_v term_v the_o christian_n of_o st._n thomas_n that_o in_o that_o place_n as_o also_o in_o meliapor_n which_o former_o be_v call_v calamina_n and_o now_o by_o the_o portuguese_n san_n thome_n the_o holy_a apostle_n preach_v by_o reason_n that_o out_o of_o their_o gaza_n or_o treasury_n in_o the_o office_n of_o st._n thomas_n be_v recite_v or_o rehearse_v that_o by_o st._n thomas_n the_o chinese_n and_o ethiopian_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o truth_n by_o st._n thomas_n the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n take_v its_o flight_n and_o ascend_v to_o the_o chinese_n and_o in_o the_o antiphono_fw-la the_o ethiopian_n indian_n chineses_n and_o persian_n in_o commemoration_n of_o st._n thomas_n offer_v up_o adoration_n unto_o his_o holy_a name_n also_o in_o a_o ancient_a synodical_a canon_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o great_a province_n viz._n those_o other_o metropolitan_o of_o china_n india_n and_o pase_n do_v send_v their_o letter_n of_o consent_n add_v withal_o that_o he_o that_o govern_v the_o church_n de_fw-fr serra_fw-la at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o portuguese_a subscribe_v himself_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o india_n and_o china_n but_o in_o truth_n thing_n be_v more_o narrow_o consider_v from_o those_o circumstance_n and_o footstep_n which_o begin_v to_o be_v manifest_a after_o the_o time_n of_o father_n trigautius_n we_o can_v certain_o conclude_v that_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n preach_v the_o gospel_n himself_o among_o the_o chinese_n for_o although_o these_o footstep_n of_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n here_o find_v do_v evident_o show_v that_o the_o christian_a belief_n have_v be_v in_o china_n yet_o notwithstanding_o those_o very_a path_n or_o tract_n do_v demonstrate_v china_n that_o the_o faith_n have_v its_o entrance_n into_o china_n when_o the_o family_n of_o heuhan_n rule_v over_o three_o kingdom_n which_o be_v now_o unite_v in_o nank_v the_o three_o province_n of_o the_o empire_n viz._n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o river_n for_o antron-cross_n seem_v by_o its_o inscription_n to_o have_v be_v fix_v according_a to_o the_o chinesian_a computation_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 239._o which_o cross_n weigh_v about_o three_o thousand_o weight_n whence_o the_o faith_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o same_o be_v certain_o evince_v to_o have_v come_v among_o the_o southern_a chineses_n about_o a_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifteen_o year_n ago_o but_o in_o some_o year_n follow_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v extinguish_v it_o be_v again_o renew_v by_o priest_n out_o of_o tacyu_n
great_a hazard_n of_o robber_n who_o have_v shun_v at_o length_n he_o come_v to_o ciarciunor_n and_o after_o ten_o day_n pass_v through_o sarpanil_n a_o desert_a place_n he_o come_v to_o the_o province_n sarcil_n over_o a_o very_a high_a mountain_n and_o that_o in_o twenty_o day_n travel_v after_o two_o day_n more_o he_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n cetialath_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o snow_n many_o perish_a by_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o cold._n have_v travel_v six_o day_n through_o the_o snow_n he_o come_v to_o tamgheran_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n and_o after_o fifteen_o day_n to_o jaconich_n and_o after_o five_o to_o hiarcham_n the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o cascar_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o region_n of_o cabul_n the_o whole_a region_n be_v follower_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n and_o hence_o from_o hiarcham_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o expedition_n by_o caravan_n into_o cathay_n and_o the_o negotiation_n of_o those_o that_o certain_o know_v they_o shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o kingdom_n whole_o consist_v as_o it_o be_v in_o fragment_n of_o precious_a jaspar_n which_o be_v find_v in_o great_a plenty_n in_o cathay_n that_o be_v in_o china_n and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o river_n cotan_n not_o far_o from_o the_o regal_a city_n by_o fisherman_n like_v unto_o thick_a flint_n the_o other_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n be_v cleave_v into_o stony_a plate_n almost_o two_o ell_n long_o this_o mountain_n cansangui_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o imperial_a city_n twenty_o day_n journey_n and_o it_o be_v call_v the_o stony_a mountain_n note_v vulgar_o in_o geographical_a map_n hence_o therefore_o benedict_n after_o long_a stay_n again_o begin_v his_o voyage_n first_o he_o arrive_v at_o jolci_n the_o place_n of_o custom_n for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o from_o hence_o in_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o pass_v over_o these_o follow_a place_n hancialix_n alceghet_n hagabathet_fw-la egriar_n mesetelec_n thalec_n horma_n thoantac_n mingieda_n capetalcol_n zilan_n sarognebetal_n cambasco_n aconsersec_n ciacor_n acsu_fw-la acsu_n be_v a_o town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n from_o which_o he_o pass_v by_o a_o laborious_a voyage_n through_o the_o desert_n caracatai_fw-fr that_o be_v black_a cataia_n unto_o oitograch_n gazo_n casciani_n dellai_n saregabadal_n ugan_n and_o at_o last_o he_o arrive_v at_o gruciam_fw-la depart_v hence_o in_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o the_o city_n of_o cialis_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o cascar_n where_o the_o saracen_n return_v in_o the_o caravan_n of_o the_o year_n before_o from_o cathay_n that_o be_v from_o pekin_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o china_n declare_v wonderful_a thing_n unto_o our_o benedict_n concern_v matthew_n riccius_fw-la and_o his_o companion_n and_o here_o our_o father_n wonder_v that_o he_o have_v find_v cathay_n in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o chinese_n from_o hence_o in_o twenty_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o pucia_n a_o town_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n and_o from_o hence_o to_o turpham_n and_o aramuth_n and_o at_o length_n arrive_v at_o camul_n a_o fortify_v city_n from_o camul_fw-la in_o nine_o day_n he_o come_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o china_n which_o he_o have_v so_o long_o desire_v unto_o a_o place_n call_v chaiaicum_fw-la where_o be_v admit_v within_o the_o wall_n by_o one_o day_n journey_n he_o come_v to_o the_o first_o city_n of_o china_n call_v socien_n and_o find_v no_o other_o cathay_n but_o china_n so_o that_o from_o thenceforward_o he_o lay_v aside_o all_o scruple_n of_o the_o proper_a and_o true_a situation_n of_o cathay_n which_o the_o saracen_n often_o confound_v with_o china_n note_v that_o this_o voyage_n be_v take_v or_o begin_v from_o laor_n towards_o the_o north_n when_o he_o may_v have_v come_v to_o his_o journey_n end_v from_o laor_n by_o a_o much_o near_a way_n but_o as_o this_o voyage_n or_o passage_n through_o the_o thebetick_a mountain_n be_v not_o yet_o discover_v so_o that_o also_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o usbeck_n and_o samarcande_v at_o that_o time_n be_v more_o use_v although_o that_o to_o conform_v himself_o unto_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n he_o be_v force_v to_o attempt_v to_o pass_v by_o this_o latter_a though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o out_o of_o the_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a wind_n and_o and_o turn_n and_o also_o on_o every_o hand_n subject_n to_o robber_n the_o territory_n of_o usbec_n be_v extend_v by_o a_o large_a interval_n of_o region_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north_n be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o very_a great_a kingdom_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v samarcande_v famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o tamberlan_n the_o second_o tarphan_n and_o the_o three_o turphan_n all_o of_o they_o infamous_a for_o the_o religion_n of_o mahomet_n the_o inhabitant_n as_o historian_n relate_v of_o the_o scythian_n be_v cruel_a thief_n bloody_a and_o implacable_a enemy_n of_o the_o christian_n so_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v now_o altogether_o unpassable_a for_o the_o christian_n except_o such_o as_o will_v become_v denier_n of_o christ_n and_o profess_v themselves_o follower_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n and_o this_o be_v the_o passage_n from_o usbec_n to_o cathay_n but_o the_o voyage_n undertake_v by_o father_n antonius_n andradas_n a_o portugese_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o thebet_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n first_o pass_v over_o ganges_n from_o laor_n he_o enter_v into_o scrinegar_n and_o ciapharanga_n most_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n and_o from_o these_o have_v pass_v over_o a_o most_o high_a mountain_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o he_o discover_v a_o vast_a lake_n the_o common_a receptacle_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n ganges_n and_o the_o other_o great_a river_n of_o india_n and_o hence_o by_o a_o voyage_n of_o many_o day_n and_o that_o also_o through_o high_a mountain_n he_o arrive_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a region_n redor_n and_o in_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n from_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maranga_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tanchut_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o tartar_n in_o two_o month_n space_n he_o easy_o arrive_v at_o cathay_n that_o be_v china_n sect_n ii_o another_o voyage_n from_o china_n to_o the_o mogor_n perform_v by_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n father_n albert_n dorville_n and_o father_n john_n gruberus_n these_o father_n begin_v their_o voyage_n from_o pequin_n anno_fw-la 1661._o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n from_o whence_o they_o arrive_v at_o siganfu_n and_o from_o hence_o after_o thirty_o day_n stay_v they_o depart_v to_o sin_v or_o siningfu_n in_o almost_o twice_o so_o many_o day_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o saffron_n river_n now_o sin_v or_o siningfu_n be_v a_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n build_v at_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n by_o or_o through_o the_o gate_n of_o which_o be_v the_o first_o entrance_n into_o cathay_n or_o china_n for_o those_o that_o trade_n thither_o from_o india_n and_o where_o also_o they_o be_v force_v to_o stay_v till_o they_o have_v a_o far_a admission_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o king_n the_o city_n be_v place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 36_o degree_n and_o 20_o minute_n from_o sin_v in_o three_o month_n space_n pass_v through_o the_o desert_n of_o kalmack_n in_o tartary_n they_o come_v unto_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lassa_n which_o the_o tartar_n also_o call_v barantola_n the_o desert_n be_v partly_o moutainous_a partly_o level_a and_o overspread_v with_o sand_n and_o dust_n altogether_o sterile_a and_o barren_a unto_o which_o notwithstanding_o nature_n be_v here_o and_o there_o in_o some_o place_n propitious_a by_o afford_v some_o small_a rivulet_n who_o bank_n yield_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o green_a herb_n and_o grass_n but_o as_o this_o desert_n derive_v its_o original_n from_o the_o innermost_a mediterranean_a part_n of_o india_n so_o be_v it_o also_o extend_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n and_o no_o person_n have_v yet_o unto_o this_o day_n be_v find_v who_o have_v discover_v its_o bound_n many_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v extend_v even_o unto_o the_o freeze_a sea_n concern_v which_o i_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a in_o my_o book_n of_o the_o subterranean_a world_n now_o it_o have_v various_a name_n marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n call_v it_o lop_n infamous_a for_o diabolical_a delusion_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o spectres_n or_o evil_a spirit_n that_o usual_o appear_v in_o it_o concern_v which_o notwithstanding_o our_o father_n relate_v nothing_o for_o the_o once_o or_o twice_o appear_v of_o these_o spirit_n do_v not_o prove_v the_o perpetual_a continuance_n of_o their_o
one_o i_o say_v who_o right_o understand_v what_o i_o have_v above_o relate_v concern_v the_o voyage_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n which_o be_v at_o large_a handle_v by_o osorius_n bishop_n of_o sylva_n who_o have_v elegant_o compile_v the_o indian_a history_n whence_o from_o these_o region_n even_o now_o declare_v viz._n from_o cabul_n caphurstan_n tibet_n and_o mogul_n he_o may_v easy_o by_o the_o bishop_n his_o successor_n propagate_v the_o sacred_a gospel_n of_o christ_n into_o the_o remote_a province_n and_o kingdom_n to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o tartary_n this_o ortelius_n open_o confirm_v who_o say_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o archon_n situate_v in_o the_o utmost_a angle_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o north_n be_v convert_v unto_o the_o christian_a faith_n by_o st._n thomas_n you_o must_v understand_v it_o of_o of_o his_o successor_n so_o that_o by_o this_o account_n there_o be_v no_o part_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n which_o have_v not_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o 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will_v not_o undertake_v any_o business_n contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o religious_a order_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o bind_v he_o with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o undertake_v this_o function_n and_o to_o add_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o second_o order_n unto_o the_o title_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o celestial_a secret_n in_o which_o office_n he_o have_v be_v employ_v for_o some_o year_n have_v daily_o increase_v his_o diligence_n and_o study_n and_o because_o he_o have_v a_o temple_n or_o church_n near_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n name_v xun_v i_o muen_v in_o which_o according_a to_o the_o rite_n of_o his_o law_n or_o religion_n he_o offer_v sacrifice_n unto_o god_n i_o therefore_o contribute_v some_o assistance_n unto_o he_o for_o the_o building_n and_o adorn_v of_o it_o and_o when_o i_o enter_v that_o temple_n i_o discern_v the_o image_n and_o utensil_n of_o it_o to_o have_v the_o shape_n of_o strange_a thing_n and_o when_o i_o have_v ask_v he_o what_o the_o book_n of_o his_o religion_n which_o i_o find_v on_o the_o table_n contain_v he_o answer_v that_o they_o contain_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n indeed_o although_o i_o have_v first_o apply_v my_o study_n to_o the_o doctrine_n or_o religion_n yao_n xun_fw-fr cheu_n and_o learn_v some_o thing_n out_o of_o their_o book_n come_v cuckoe_n and_o albeit_o i_o have_v read_v somewhat_o in_o the_o book_n foe_n and_o tau_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o can_v remember_v nothing_o contain_v in_o they_o and_o see_v i_o can_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o my_o kingdom_n hitherto_o peruse_v the_o book_n of_o this_o divine_a law_n but_o only_o cursory_o therefore_o i_o can_v pass_v a_o exact_a judgement_n out_o of_o they_o concern_v the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o reflect_v upon_o or_o consider_v father_n john_n adam_n who_o for_o many_o year_n have_v be_v conversant_a with_o the_o chinese_n and_o with_o we_o follow_v this_o law_n and_o preach_v the_o same_o than_o i_o judge_v and_o esteem_v it_o the_o best_a for_o john_n adam_n do_v so_o reverence_v his_o god_n that_o he_o have_v dedicate_v this_o temple_n unto_o he_o with_o so_o great_a modesty_n and_o integrity_n for_o so_o many_o year_n always_o conform_v himself_o in_o the_o same_o method_n of_o this_o law_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o point_n vary_v from_o it_o this_o indeed_o be_v a_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o law_n be_v most_o perfect_a in_o which_o john_n adam_n show_v himself_o of_o most_o approve_a virtue_n and_o fulfil_v that_o exact_o by_o his_o fidelity_n which_o that_o law_n teach_v or_o command_v viz._n to_o serve_v god_n to_o obey_v king_n and_o magistrate_n to_o do_v no_o wrong_n to_o any_o person_n and_o to_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o our_o neighbour_n and_o will_v to_o god_n that_o all_o my_o magistrate_n officer_n and_o subject_n will_v imitate_v this_o his_o method_n in_o serve_v of_o god_n and_o keep_v of_o this_o 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chinese_n now_o on_o what_o occasion_n the_o tartar_n grant_v this_o privilege_n be_v relate_v before_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a what_o affection_n so_o great_a a_o monarch_n have_v for_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o how_o much_o he_o endeavour_v the_o promotion_n and_o promulgation_n thereof_o even_o to_o the_o embrace_v of_o it_o himself_o confess_v the_o only_a obstacle_n of_o his_o conversion_n be_v polygamy_n which_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n to_o the_o custom_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o heathen_a prince_n make_v they_o boggle_v at_o first_o and_o then_o fly_v from_o that_o true_a faith_n they_o be_v ready_a to_o receive_v to_o the_o perdition_n of_o their_o soul_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n from_o this_o most_o ardent_a propensity_n of_o the_o emperor_n unto_o our_o religion_n religion_n immediate_o there_o succeed_v a_o great_a conversion_n of_o the_o lady_n of_o honour_n the_o eunuch_n and_o mandorin_n the_o christian_a law_n be_v spread_v abroad_o in_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n there_o be_v gather_v into_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o church_n almost_o eighty_o thousand_o convert_v but_o all_o this_o flourish_a and_o bloom_a spring_n be_v blast_v in_o the_o bud_n by_o the_o sudden_a death_n of_o the_o emperor_n he_o not_o obtain_v that_o eternal_a salvation_n which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o other_o and_o although_o oftentimes_o he_o request_v the_o ghostly_a assistance_n of_o father_n adam_n yet_o by_o the_o craft_n and_o subtlety_n of_o the_o lamas_n and_o bonzii_n who_o stand_v before_o the_o emperor_n in_o the_o last_o conflict_n of_o life_n and_o death_n it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o all_o address_n to_o he_o be_v obstruct_v till_o it_o be_v too_o late_o for_o be_v frustrate_a of_o his_o hope_n who_o he_o think_v alive_a he_o to_o his_o incredible_a sorrow_n find_v dead_a now_o when_o his_o funeral_n rite_n be_v perform_v a_o pile_n be_v make_v of_o precious_a wood_n the_o treasure_n of_o so_o wealthy_a a_o prince_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o flame_n with_o the_o dead_a corpse_n which_o put_v a_o end_n to_o his_o imperial_a magnificence_n and_o grandeur_n the_o son_n of_o this_o decease_a emperor_n be_v a_o youth_n of_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n who_o as_o he_o be_v under_o the_o discipline_n and_o tuition_n of_o father_n adam_n be_v whole_o commit_v unto_o his_o care_n by_o the_o emperor_n so_o he_o deve_v not_o himself_o of_o that_o innate_a affection_n which_o he_o have_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o our_o religious_a father_n now_o how_o much_o the_o christian_n concern_v be_v augment_v under_o these_o emperor_n in_o respect_n of_o former_a time_n be_v evident_o show_v by_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o new_a erect_v and_o consecrate_a church_n at_o peking_n which_o as_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o conclusion_n the_o inscription_n of_o the_o church_n of_o peking_n belong_v to_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n after_o the_o faith_n introduce_v by_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n jesus_n and_o after_o the_o same_o be_v again_o and_o that_o more_o large_o propagate_v by_o the_o syrian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n tamburlaine_n the_o same_o be_v again_o the_o three_o time_n divulge_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o regency_n of_o the_o emperor_n mim_n by_o the_o conduct_n of_o st._n francis_n xavier_n and_o father_n matthew_n riccius_fw-la of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n both_o by_o preach_v and_o book_n publish_v in_o the_o chinesian_a tongue_n perform_v with_o great_a study_n and_o labour_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o the_o nation_n not_o altogether_o with_o equal_a success_n the_o empire_n be_v now_o devolve_v unto_o the_o tartar_n the_o same_o society_n for_o a_o conclusion_n of_o their_o labour_n in_o restore_v the_o calendar_n call_v the_o xi_o of_o hien_n lie_v have_v public_o place_v and_o dedicate_v this_o temple_n to_o the_o most_o high_a god_n at_o peking_n the_o royal_a city_n and_o palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n anno_fw-la 1650._o and_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o xun_n chi._n father_n john_n adam_n schall_n of_o zell_n a_o german_a professor_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n and_o author_n of_o the_o forementioned_a calendar_n out_o of_o the_o labour_n of_o his_o hand_n bequeathe_v this_o temple_n and_o his_o patience_n unto_o posterity_n p._n matthaeus_n riccius_n macerat_fw-la of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n the_o first_o propagator_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o the_o kingdo_n of_o cluna_n lie_v paulus_n great_a colaus_n of_o the_o chinese_n propagator_n of_o y_fw-fr christian_n lâ—w._n p._n adam_n schaliger_n a_o german_a mandarin_n of_o y_z first_o order_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o correction_n of_o the_o chinese_n
589939_o 5084015_o 1929057_o 4770_o 3544850_o 420000_o 3._o the_o kingdom_n of_o xensi_fw-la 831051_o 3934176_o 2812119_o 9218_o 1514749_o  _fw-fr 4._o xantung_v have_v six_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o ninety_o two_o other_o subject_n to_o they_o 770555_o 6759675_o 2414477_o 54990_o 3824290_o  _fw-fr 5._o the_o province_n of_o honan_n have_v eight_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o a_o hundred_o other_o subject_n to_o they_o 589296_o 5106270_o 6106960_o 9959_o 2288744_o  _fw-fr 6._o the_o province_n of_o sucheu_fw-la 464129_o 2204170_o 2167559_o 6339_o  _fw-fr 149177_o 7._o huquang_n have_v fifteen_o metropolitan_a city_n 531686_o 4833590_o 1616600_o 17977_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 8._o kiangsi_n have_v thirteen_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o sixty_o two_o other_o under_o they_o 1363629_o 6549800_o 5995034_o 11516_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 9_o nank_v or_o quiang_n have_v fourteen_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o under_o they_o a_o hundred_o other_o 1969116_o 9967429_o 2510299_o 28452_o 5804217_o 5808217_o 10._o chekiang_n have_v eleven_o great_a city_n and_o sixty_o two_o other_o subject_n unto_o they_o it_o abound_v in_o silk_n 1242135_o 4525470_o 883115_o 2574_o 8704491_o 44476â—_n 11._o fokien_fw-mi have_v eight_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o unto_o they_o forty_o eight_o other_o 509200_o 1802677_o 1017772_o 600_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12._o quantung_v vulgar_o canton_n have_v ten_o metropolitan_a city_n unto_o which_o be_v subject_a seventy_o three_o 483360_o 1978022_o 1017772_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 37380_o 13._o quangsi_n have_v twelve_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o subject_a to_o these_o above_o a_o hundred_o other_o 186719_o 1054760_o 431359_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 14._o queicheu_o have_v eight_z metropolitan_a city_n and_o to_o these_o ten_o other_o be_v subject_a 45305_o 231365_o 47658_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 56965_o 15._o junnan_n have_v twelve_o metropolitan_n and_o underthem_fw-mi eighty_o four_o city_n 132958_o 1433110_o 1400568_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr chap._n iii_o of_o the_o city_n of_o china_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n father_n martinius_n samedus_n trigautius_n and_o gruberus_n eye-witness_n relate_v that_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n be_v so_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n the_o town_n and_o village_n so_o contiguous_a that_o do_v the_o wall_n reach_v the_o south_n sea_n it_o may_v deserve_o be_v term_v but_o one_o city_n but_o there_o be_v metropolitan_n and_o chief_a city_n of_o province_n to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o and_o of_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a rank_n a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o sixty_o two_o all_o fortify_v with_o wall_n work_n and_o trench_n beside_o there_o be_v castle_n corporation-town_n village_n and_o grange_n without_o number_n the_o city_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v build_v foursquare_a their_o house_n general_o be_v wood_n and_o not_o above_o one_o story_n poor_a and_o rude_a without_o but_o within_o very_o splendid_a each_o house_n be_v bind_v to_o affix_v a_o shield_n upon_o the_o door_n 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physician_n by_o tradition_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o admirable_a knowledge_n of_o the_o palsy_n by_o which_o with_o incredible_a industry_n they_o find_v out_o the_o most_o latent_fw-la cause_n of_o disease_n and_o then_o apply_v for_o cure_v their_o proper_a remedy_n but_o in_o the_o art_n anvil_v out_o by_o modern_a curiosity_n as_o architecture_n sculpture_n and_o weave_v if_o you_o except_o the_o knowledge_n of_o proportion_n and_o the_o optic_n they_o come_v not_o behind_o the_o european_n for_o their_o other_o acquirement_n see_v what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n and_o he_o that_o desire_v more_o full_a information_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o abovecited_a author_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o china_n and_o the_o stupendous_a prodigy_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o they_o although_o in_o this_o empire_n mountain_n be_v so_o numerous_a yet_o the_o great_a be_v the_o continual_a theme_n and_o argument_n of_o their_o study_n for_o what_o our_o astrologer_n perform_v by_o the_o celestial_a house_n they_o make_v out_o by_o the_o terrestrial_a hill_n but_o among_o their_o many_o inquiry_n by_o terrene_a calculation_n after_o their_o good_a and_o bad_a fortune_n there_o be_v nothing_o they_o more_o labour_n in_o than_o the_o business_n of_o their_o sepulture_n about_o which_o they_o spare_v no_o cost_n or_o pain_n not_o only_o observe_v with_o no_o small_a scrutiny_n the_o summit_n top_n and_o superficies_n but_o also_o make_v subtle_a inspection_n into_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o mountain_n to_o find_v a_o fortunate_a spot_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o fancy_v to_o resemble_v the_o head_n tail_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o dragon_n which_o do_v they_o joyful_o conclude_v they_o have_v find_v a_o place_n in_o which_o the_o person_n inter_v shall_v be_v happy_a and_o his_o posterity_n successful_a which_o opinion_n i_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v inculcate_v by_o some_o grave_a philosopher_n to_o advance_v a_o filial_a piety_n to_o the_o decease_a parent_n and_o more_o special_a care_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o funeral_n now_o the_o mountain_n of_o china_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n encompass_v with_o great_a village_n pleasant_a for_o most_o beautiful_a sepulchral_v monument_n chase_n and_o grove_n and_o a_o wave_a sea_n of_o rice_n make_v they_o like_o a_o plain_n which_o when_o groves_n and_o wood_n do_v smile_v with_o their_o summer_n attire_n render_v a_o most_o pleasant_a prospect_n the_o chapel_n place_v on_o they_o excel_v for_o magnitude_n and_o splendour_n there_o be_v also_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o priest_n but_o yet_o in_o the_o thick_a and_o overgrow_a wood_n live_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n not_o yet_o subject_v to_o the_o chinese_n many_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o these_o mountain_n which_o if_o true_a may_v be_v deserve_o account_v among_o the_o miracle_n of_o nature_n some_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o immense_a height_n have_v a_o perpetual_a serenity_n on_o their_o top_n other_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o continual_a dark_a mantle_n of_o ambient_fw-la thick_a mist_n there_o be_v some_o which_o triumph_v only_o with_o wholesome_a plant_n exile_v all_o venomous_a weed_n in_o the_o mountain_n queyu_n both_o small_a and_o great_a stone_n be_v find_v in_o a_o cubical_a or_o foursquare_a figure_n which_o be_v also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o calabria_n of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o our_o book_n of_o the_o subterranean_a world_n the_o mountain_n paoki_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o cock_n who_o on_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o storm_n send_v forth_o such_o murmur_n and_o roar_n as_o may_v be_v hear_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o northern_a reigon_n say_v that_o such_o monstrous_a sound_v happen_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o botnick_n sea_n that_o be_v also_o worthy_a of_o admiration_n which_o the_o chinesian_a oreoscopists_n 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seven_o top_n configure_v the_o seven_o star_n in_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n but_o the_o
into_o 10_o digit_n where_o of_o 9_o be_v equivalent_a to_o our_o geometrical_a foot_n some_z special_a remark_n take_v out_o of_o athanasius_n kircher_n antiquity_n of_o china_n part_n vi_o of_o the_o hieroglyphical_a character_n of_o the_o chinese_n there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbarous_a but_o they_o have_v some_o way_n to_o manifest_v their_o conception_n one_o to_o another_o but_o above_o other_o the_o chineses_n have_v the_o most_o significant_a character_n the_o first_o inventor_n of_o which_o be_v fohi_n about_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n as_o their_o record_n say_v who_o form_v divers_a figure_n draw_v from_o animal_n bird_n reptile_n fish_n herbage_n plant_n tree_n and_o abundance_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o numerous_a variety_n of_o the_o product_n of_o nature_n and_o her_o several_a resemblance_n such_o and_o so_o infinite_a be_v their_o character_n which_o though_o the_o modern_a chineses_n teach_v by_o experience_n 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of_o the_o tongue_n though_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o indefatigable_a patience_n and_o though_o the_o same_o word_n have_v one_o signification_n in_o the_o mandorin_n language_n and_o a_o contrary_a in_o japan_n and_o other_o place_n yet_o know_v this_o one_o speech_n and_o character_n you_o may_v travel_v not_o only_o through_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o the_o adjacent_a kingdom_n those_o that_o be_v earnest_a to_o make_v further_a scrutiny_n in_o quest_n of_o all_o these_o wonderful_a relation_n may_v resort_v to_o the_o author_n himself_o and_o to_o those_o in_o his_o quotation_n for_o this_o we_o think_v a_o sufficient_a appendix_n to_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n the_o one_o seem_v the_o better_a to_o illustrate_v the_o other_o many_o of_o the_o same_o concern_v be_v handle_v in_o both_o finis_fw-la the_o severe_a law_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o division_n of_o the_o globe_n asia_n divide_v the_o name_n of_o china_n china_n whence_o so_o name_v the_o division_n of_o 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discovery_n of_o the_o syro-chinesian_a monument_n by_o who_o first_o make_v public_a martin_n atlas_n pag._n 44._o at_o what_o time_n the_o christian_a faith_n enter_v into_o china_n the_o creaticâ—â—_n of_o all_o thing_n the_o fall_n of_o adam_n the_o incarnation_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n the_o description_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o judea_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n geographer_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o law_n of_o christ_n the_o building_n of_o church_n presbyter_n john_n where_o he_o inhabit_v belor_n a_o most_o high_a mountain_n why_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o aloyssine_n be_v call_v presbyter_n john_n the_o king_n of_o barantola_n adore_v as_o a_o god_n where_o presbyter_n john_n reside_v 〈…〉_z the_o dâ—scription_n of_o hancheu_fw-la or_o quâ—nsai_n the_o voyage_n of_o benedict_n go_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o cathay_n a_o description_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o china_n the_o habit_n of_o thâ—_n tartar_n of_o kalmack_n the_o ridiculous_a worship_n of_o the_o great_a lama_n the_o high_a mountain_n langur_n the_o voyage_n of_o father_n amatus_fw-la chesaud_n the_o voyage_n of_o m._n paulus_n venetus_n the_o time_n of_o mahomet_n come_v into_o the_o world_n the_o great_a cham_n convert_v to_o christianity_n the_o letter_n of_o haolon_n to_o the_o k._n of_o france_n the_o present_n of_o st._n lewis_n king_n of_o france_n to_o the_o gâ—â—at_a cham._n the_o various_a change_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n in_o china_n the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o nobility_n of_o china_n receive_v the_o law_n of_o christ._n the_o emperor_n vumly_n when_o he_o have_v slay_v his_o wife_n and_o daughter_n hang_v himself_o many_o noble_a chinese_n convert_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n the_o inscription_n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n the_o original_n of_o the_o chinesian_a astronomy_n our_o father_n appoint_v to_o correct_v the_o calendar_n by_o the_o emperor_n edict_n the_o error_n of_o the_o chinese_n in_o geography_n the_o emperor_n habit_n the_o three_o sect_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o first_o sect._n the_o second_o sect._n the_o three_o sect._n