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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10716	A path-vvay to military practise Containinge offices, lawes, disciplines and orders to be obserued in an army, with sundry stratagems very beneficiall for young gentlemen, or any other that is desirous to haue knowledge in martiall exercises. Whereunto is annexed a kalender of the imbattelinge of men: newlie written by Barnabe Rich souldiour, seruaunt to the right honorable Sir Christopher Hatton Knight. Perused and allowed.	Rich, Barnabe, 1540?-1617.	1587 (1587)	STC 20995; ESTC S115957	39,416	89

of souldiours who as they are little prouided for in the time of peace so they are as smally cared for in the season of warre and this is not a little to bee meruailed at that when any occasion of seruice dooth happen some bee appointed for Captaines as knowes not how to place 100. men in good order of araye vnlesse it be peraduenture to marche them 3 or 5. in a rancke as they vse to fetch home a may pole VVee doo finde in the holy scriptures and that in seuerall places both in the bookes of Moyses in the booke of Iosua and others where they haue vsed not litle regard aswell in the chosing of their Captaines leaders and conductors as also in prescribing lawes and disciplines of warre which sometimes were appointed by the almighty God him selfe Phillip King of Macedonia did meruaile why the Athenians did euerye yeere choose newe Generalles and Captaines of the wars when he him selfe had found but one good namely Permenyo Alexander admitted none to the roome of a Captaine vnder the age of 60. But in England wee neuer number his yeeres we neither consider his knowledg we little regard his worthines we lesse esteeme his experience wee scarce examine his honestye Our Captaines are appointed more for fauour then for knowledge more for feendshippe then for experience more for opinion then for desert God graunt wee neuer come to make triall of the seruice of suche Captaines as I haue seene some if wee should there were great feare of vnhappy successe And this is to bee lamented amongst vs that wee can bee so prouident in matters of no importaunce and such causes where in our owne safeties dooth especially consist wee eyther neglect them altogether or else performe them with little care and lesse foresight If the matter were well examined we should finde that the safety both of Prince state country subiects and altogether consisted in the worthines of the Captaine and to this most fitly agreed the saying of that noble souldiour Sir VVylliam Drury who many times woulde vse these wordes The want of a horsse shooe nayle may bee the losse of the shooe the losse of the shooe the spoile of the horsse the spoyle of the horsse the losse of the man the losse of a man the ouerthrowe of an army the ouerthrowe of an army the losse of a Princes crowne If small thinges thus by degrees may conclude suche great preiudice in the wynding vppe as it can not bee denayde what successe is to be looked for where captaines and leaders are so vtterly ignoraunt that many of them knowes not when it is time to charge nere when it were good to retire and as Socrates saith the boldenes of the ignoraunt ingendreth manye euilles and Agesilaus affyrmeth the lacke of experyence breedeth the lacke of corage And as histories make mencion more feeldes haue beene loste for wante of gouernement then for want of strength To giue a braue charge is a thing proper to euery ordinarie souldiour but to make a good retreat in time in order therin consisteth the skill of the Captaine The vnexpert Captaine and the vnlearned phisition doo buy their experience at to deere a rate for it is still purchased with the price of mens liues The place of a Captaine is honourable and ought not to bee giuen but to men of experience of valiaunce and of vertue and yet I haue heard tell where they haue beene made marchandyse of and bought and solde for money but I dare not say that I haue knowen it my selfe for paraduenture I should offend But I hope souldiours shall not bee still illegitimate they shall be esteemed accordinge to desert The Deuine for tellinge a learned discourse in a Pulpette is rewarded with a Bishopricke and but accordinge as hee is worthy the Lawyer for makinge a good Plea at the Barre is brought to the Benche and it is doone wyth consideration The Souldiour that watches that wardes that trauelles that toyles that makes hys bodye a defence for Cannon shotte and feareth no perrylles for the looue of hys Countrye I trust will be better considered of God hath wonderfully blessed vs with sweete and quiet peace but let vs not be secure as though we had it by patten we haue enemies abroade if they had oportunitie but take heede of papistes here at home they are more to be feared then hee that was borne in Spayne Haue they not made sundry profers to stirre vp seditious tumultes nay what doo they leaue vnattempted to disturbe this happye gouernement But would you haue some speciall markes howe you may knowe them then listen and by these meanes you may easely smell them out You shall haue them inquiring of newes spreading of rumours lying forging counterfeiting and dissembling what action hath there beene so honouraly performed sithe that noble Earle of Leicester vndertooke these lowe country seruices whych hath not beene defaced heere at home by our slaundering Papistes VVhat good newes hath there come ouer which they haue not paraphrased what enterprise so iustly attempted which they haue not eclipsed or what exployt so brauely accomplished which they haue not methamorphised Such is the deuotion of our religious Catholiques that they straine no curtesie to forge lyes to practise treasons to commit murthers to stirre vppe rebellions nay what outrage is there so mischeeuous which they wil not enter into to doo their holy father seruice These be their workes meritorious which so many times they boast of and by this ladder they thinke to clime vp to heauen gates where saint Peter standes watching ready to let them in O how many vngodly practises haue they intended against our most gratious princesse how are they continually busied in conspiring against her but that almighty God who first planted her to their subuersion hath not fayled still to protect her no doubt to their confusion VVere not the furie that ouerruleth them more then extreame they could not be such enemies to their owne discretion but that they might well discerne it is Gods blessing that so mightely defendeth her against the Popes cursing and although his holines hath taken great paines in sending foorth his Iesuits his Seminaries and other his ministers from time to time with so many conspiracies and such seuerall practises against her maiesty yet at their departure when they come to craue his fatherlye benediction God be thanked he blesseth them al to the gallowes And although that accidentes are many times sufficient to serue their turne either to confirme eyther to confound religion according to the euent I wonder they cannot aswell condemne a Papist in his ill successe that is sent ouer with so many hallowed bulles as they will doo a protestante for the least misfortune that may befal him but if this light were sufficient for men to iudge cullours by who more blessed then our gratious Elizabeth who so happily hath raigned ouer vs this 28. yeeres how mightily hath God preserued her from the conspiracies of

Gallies and to other places of like slauery And those Captaines that hath made triall of such Souldiours would gladly be ridde of his charge to be eased of his trouble The first thinge therefore that is to be respected in a Souldiour is the honesty of his minde which beeing lincked with religion there is no doubt but that Souldiour will be brought both to the feare of God to the obedience of his Captaine and to the obseruaunce of discipline The Romaines who for theyr martiall obseruation were most renowned the rather to kéepe Souldiours vnder awe and discipline they adioyned to theyr owne lawes and ordinaunces the authority of God and vsed with great ceremonie to make them sweare to keepe the disciplines of warre The Grecians in like manner their souldiours being armed and brought to the Church receiued this oathe I will not doo any thinge vnworthy the sacred and holy wars neither wil I abandō or forsake my band Captaine to whom I am appointed I will fight for the right of the Church and safety of the State I will not make my Countrey to be in worse case then it is but I will make it better then I founde it I will euer frame my selfe reuerently to obey those lawes also that the State shall hereafter by common assent inacte or sette downe that if any one shall chaunge the lawes or not obay them I will not suffer him to my power much lesse will I allowe in so dooing but I will be a sure defender of right aswell by my selfe alone as when I am with others and I wil euer more honor the religion of my Countrey To these my sayings I call the Gods to witnesse These and such other like cathes the antiquitie administred to their Souldiours to nourishe obedience for besides valiaunce a souldiour must be adorned with these special vertues which are silence obedience and truth a good souldiour must haue speciall regard to the kéeping of his furniture cleane seruiceable in stéede of dicing drincking swearing let him vse running wrasteling leaping or such other like exercises of agility let him kéepe his owne quarter and not depart without the licence of his officer a Souldiour thus disposed may cōfort him selfe with hope of aduauncemēt ¶ Of Disciplines AS these considerations in the choosing of Captaines officers and souldiours haue euer béene especiallie regarded amongst the most renowned and best experienced warriours so an army béeing thus chosen the lyke respect must be had in the appointing of lawes disciplines and orders the which the Generall by aduise of his counsaile is discréetly to set downe and to haue them openly published by sound of Trumpet that the whole Campe may take notyce therof and béeing thus proclaimed he must vse as great seuerity to haue thē maintained for what wil it auaile the making of good lawes where there is no care had to sée them surely kept We doo finde in the holy scriptures and that in many places aswell in the booke of Moses as the booke of Iosua where lawes and disciplines of warre were many times appointed by the almighty God him selfe and that he would not suffer disobedience to escape vnpunished it is euident by Corah Dathan and Abiram that were swallowed vp in the earth for mutinie But the Romanes who aboue the rest did most excéede for their martiall prescriptiones so they were as seuere in punishing the offences of suche as shoulde infringe and breake theyr lawes of armes They punished with death him that lacked in the watch he that forsooke the place that was giuen him to fight in he that caryed any thinge hidde out of the Campe if any man should say he had doone some worthy thinge in fight and had not doone it he that for feare had cast away his weapon and when it happened that the whole Legion had committed the like faulte their names were taken and put together in a bagge and euery tenth man as they were drawne were executed When Marcus Cato after a token giuen had loosed from the coast of his enemies where he had laine a certaine space and sawe one of his Souldiours lefte on the shore crying calling and beckoning to be taken in hée cast about with his whole Nauie to the shore againe and commaunded the same Souldiour to bee taken and straight put to death willinge rather to make him an example to the rest then that he should be slaine by his enemies with reproch and infamie The Romanes punished nothing with more seueritie then those actions that were either attempted against commaundement or enterprised against reason but as they punished those victories that were attained by lewde hardines so misfortune deminished not his reputation that attempted with discretion neyther attributing cowardlines to ill successe nor valiaunce to good fortune for the euent of such enterprises commendes not the execution neither is it the successe that makes vs perfect wise but to attempt with reason and iudgement confirmes wee séeme to haue wisdome Papirius Cursor being Dictatour required that Fabius Rutilius should first be beaten with roddes and then bée beheaded because he fought without his commaūdement notwithstanding he had the conquest neither would he forgiue the punishment for the contention or entercession and request of the Souldiours neither per suing him to Rome whether he fledde would he there remit this dreafull sentence till Fabius him selfe with his father fel both on their knées and that also the whole Senate and people made intercession for him This were a harde world for some hare brainde Captaines that are ready to choppe vpon euery chaunce like a gudgion that is readie to bite at euery baite neuer fearinge the hooke till she be hanged by the lippes Manlius Torquatus caused his sonnes head to be stricken of because he had forsaken his place and went to fight with an enemie that had challenged him and stue him And Salust dooth report that there were more souldiours put to death amongst the Romanes for setting vpō theyr enemies before they had licence then for running out of the fielde before they had fought And as the Romanes were thus precise in maintaininge theyr discyplines seuerely so their Campe in those daies was a Schoole of honour Iustice Obedience duety and loyaltie where nowe a denne of deceipte trechery theiuery iniurie and all manner of impiety ¶ Heereafter followeth sundry Stratagemes and many good instructions practised by the antiquity and necessary for diuers purposes ❧ What is to be respected before you enter Battel THe most renowned Emperour Augustus gaue these instructions for Captaines as followeth that although a Prince were mighty yet if he were wise hee would neuer giue battel vnlesse there were more apparant profit in the victory then losse if the enemie should ouercome And the most approoued Captaines helde this opinion that it were not good to bringe theyr men to fight except they had aduauntage or else brought to it by constraint The aduaūtage groweth by the Scituation of the

THe master Gunner béeing an officer depending of the maister of the Ordenaunce I will therefore in this place set downe his charge he ought not onely in him selfe to be exactly perfect in his Péece but also make trial of the rest that be vnder him that he may be assured they be able to discharge theyr places he must be lyke assured that they bée still attendaunt in theyr place of charge and to haue all things in readinesse to take oportunities He should practise them to beate such places vsuallie traded by the enemie that he may the better know his marke when he shall sée occasion which is very beneficiall to such as are beséeged and defending of some passage may much annoie a Campe. His wantes of poulder shotte ladels sponges rammers and other like necessaries concerninge his arte are to be supplied from the maister of the Ordenaunce ¶ The Trench master TH Trench master is likewise appendaunt to the maister of the ordenaunce for the intrenching of a Campe it is commonly staked out aswel the curtines ringes as flankers his greatest care must be so to conuey his trenches eyther before a Towne or Fort that shall be beséeged that the enemy doo not flanke them for that the castinge and conueying of Trenches orderly dooth concerne great safetie to so many as shall haue occasion to passe to and fro ¶ The Munster master IN making of Musters this Officer is to suruey euer Souldiour whether Horse man or Footeman not onely of the ability of the person but also of the sufficiency of his furniture aswell Horse Armour Weapon and altogether and eyther to passe or defaut them as he shall finde reasonable cause and to make certificate accordingly to the Treasuror that he may stop suche defautes of theyr pay The Munster maister is to make out warrantes by his booke for so many as be in paye from the fyrst of his enterie forth on from time to time vnder his hand which béeing signed by the Generall is sufficient to the Treasuror ¶ The Scoute master THe Scoute maister euery euening vpon the soun ding of the Marshalles Trumpet to the watche must receiue by assignement from the General or Liefetenaunt of the Horsemen a sufficient number to scoute the which by him selfe must be directed into crosse wayes and other places of perrill in euerie quarter of the Campe he must exhorte them still to silence and to haue regard to looke about them and not to forsake theyr places appointed till discouerers be put foorth in the morning to the fielde Hee is in the morning by lyke assignement at the discharginge of the watche to receiue a competent number of men to discouer the which he must likewise appoynt to places of most conuenience for the purpose in like manner when the Campe dooth marche he must bée styll scouring afore to sée the coast be cléere ¶ The Forrage master THe Forrage master is likewise to receiue from the Liefetenaunt of the Horse an able companie of Horsemen for the guarde of forragers and such as shall fetche in necessaries the which vpon the sounde of a Trumpet must altogether goe forwarde not suffering them nor any other to straggle out of his companie further then he is able to rescue them and if they be farre from the Ca●up● not to suffer any to departe home warde till they be all prouided and then as they came foorth so to returne all againe togeather ¶ The Carriage master THe Carriage master in lyke manner is aswell to haue a Cornet of Horsemen from the Liefetenaunt of the Horse for his guard as also loose shot from the Colonell Generall or else to marche with all his baggage betwéene the troopes of footemen for his more suretie ¶ Of a Colonell THe place of a Colonell is of honourable reputation and therefore besides experience he should be a man of credite and good countenaunce and as that most noble Gentleman Sir William Russell a Parragon of Armes at this day is many times accustomed to say that he which wanteth liberalitie is possessed with all the vices in the world so that Colonell that hath not a bountifull minde and a francke disposition to lende reléefe to a poore distressed Souldiour especially of his owne retinue and regiment is vnworthy to haue the comaunding of men and not fitte to haue gouernement nor beare office in a Campe. In places where Souldiours are not leuied by the Princes Commission the generall is to make choyce of his Collonels men both sufficient in countenaunce and credyt for the leuying of such companies as the Generall shall commit to his charge then receiuing his commission with imprest the Colonell in like case is to make choyse of his Captaines impresting euery of them lykewise for the raisinge of theyr seuerall companies But in England vpon occasion of seruice Souldiours are euer leuied by the Princes commission where if such consideration were had in the choosinge of them as there ought it were the more safety for the seruice better for the Captaine and much more beneficiall for the Souldiour considering his furniture is allowed him by the Countrie which other wise is cut of from his pay if hée be not able to furnish him selfe The Colonell hath the commaunding of all such Captaines vnder his owne regyment to directe vpon any occasion of seruice as hée shall sée good A Colonell may haue his Liefetenaunt Colonell his Sarieant Maior his Prouost and his Quarter master within his owne regyment A Colonell may correcte misdemeanours of his Captaines he may call a Marshall Courte of his owne officers for the punishing of offences or for the administring of Justice ¶ Of a Captaine THe place of a Captaine is not lightly to be considered of vpon his skill and knowledge consisteth the safety or losse of many mens liues but especially seruice standing nowe as it dooth most commonly in skirmidges where the Captaine most ordenarily is not holpen but with the aduauntage of his own experience In the olde time many yéeres agoe when armyes many times vsed to appoint the fielde where their whole forces were brought to incounter the weakenes of a Captaine might the better be borne with all when theyr were so manye superiour officers to dyrect hym and yet in those dayes they vsed circumspection in nothing more then in choosing of theyr Captaines but seruice standing as it dooth at this instant ouer it was then wee ought to haue thrée times more regarde then they had and yet we vse tenne times lesse then they did And I wonder howe so many insufficient men dare oppose them selues to vndertake a matter of so great importaunce whose inexperience besides by cyrcumstaunce that it concerneth the losse of a countrie so in it consisteth the hazard of many mens liues if it were more but his owne the matter were the lesse for hee may value of that as him selfe shall sée good but remorse of conscience should touch him to consider of his Countrimen when his want