〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o foenerator_n a_o usurer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profit_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profitable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unprofitable_a unthrifty_a or_o else_o which_o i_o rather_o think_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d villanus_fw-la colonus_n as_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o &_o 21th_o of_o k._n ina_n law_n render_v the_o word_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o with_o ceorliscus_n speak_v of_o in_o that_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o foedus_fw-la aluredi_fw-la &_o guthruni_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o there_o describe_v by_o his_o quality_n to_o be_v oâ—e_o that_o occupy_v etc._n gafolland_n as_o for_o the_o remain_v two_o inland_a utland_n the_o former_a be_v terra_fw-la dominicalis_fw-la land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n in_o the_o owner_n own_o hand_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n design_v in_o mensam_fw-la domini_fw-la whence_o otherwise_o stilâ—d_n in_o succeed_a time_n bord-land_n like_o the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n bona_fw-la ad_fw-la mensâ—m_fw-la and_o in_o this_o respect_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v refer_v to_o bocland_n regular_o of_o like_a property_n the_o latter_a contrariwise_o like_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n be_v land_n let_v out_o and_o in_o opposition_n to_o demesne_n land_n term_v in_o servitio_fw-la or_o tenementâ—lis_n that_o be_v grant_v out_o in_o service_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o tenant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o so_o we_o may_v parallel_v it_o as_o with_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n so_o with_o folcland_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n like_o the_o frenchman_n fief_a sâ—rvant_n i._o terra_fw-la serviens_fw-la in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v retainer_n attendant_n and_o follower_n to_o their_o lord_n suitor_n to_o their_o court_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v in_o the_o term_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n take_v up_o afterward_o of_o 10._o bracton_n folgarii_n concern_v which_o see_v further_a in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n folgare_a &_o folgarii_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n knute_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 19_o beside_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n after_o age_n since_o the_o conquest_n produce_v many_o other_o such_o as_o work-land_n cot-land_n aver-land_n drof-land_n swilling-land_n molland_n ber-land_n smiths-land_n beware_v land_n terra_fw-la susanna_n forland_n bord-land_n and_o such_o like_a of_o each_o of_o which_o for_o some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o inquisitive_a in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o the_o first_o work-land_n be_v land_n of_o a_o servile_a nature_n and_o work-land_n condition_n terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o call_v as_o also_o what_o indeed_o the_o word_n sound_v terra_fw-la operaria_fw-la because_o haply_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o distribution_n of_o it_o into_o parcel_n charge_v with_o servile_a work_n such_o as_o plough_v and_o harrow_n the_o lord_n aâ—able_a ground_n mow_v tass_v and_o carry_v in_o his_o hay_n sow_v weed_n reap_v and_o in_v his_o corn_n make_v and_o mend_v his_o fence_n thatch_v his_o barn_n and_o such_o like_a charge_v i_o say_v with_o servile_a work_n and_o not_o with_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o with_o rent_n yet_o of_o the_o twain_o more_o especial_o with_o work_n and_o therefore_o contradistinct_a and_o opposite_a to_o gavelland_n which_o be_v land_n liable_a to_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o to_o work_n yet_o chief_o to_o rend_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o be_v denominate_v from_o what_o be_v the_o more_o eminent_a service_n arise_v from_o they_o hereof_o some_o footstep_n visible_a in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n the_o second_o cot-land_n that_o belong_v unto_o and_o occupy_v cot-land_n by_o the_o cotarii_fw-la cotsetâ—_n or_o cotmanni_n a_o sort_n of_o base_a tenant_n so_o call_v from_o certain_a cotes_n or_o cottage_n small_a shed_n like_o sheep-cote_n with_o some_o little_a modicum_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n adjoin_v original_o assign_v out_o unto_o they_o in_o respect_n and_o recompense_v of_o their_o undergo_n such_o like_a servile_a work_n or_o base_a service_n for_o their_o lord_n as_o before_z express_v the_o three_o aver-land_n much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o land_n before_o call_v work-land_n come_v of_o the_o french_a ouurer_n to_o work_v or_o labour_n but_o chief_o differ_v from_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o service_n thereof_o consist_v especial_o in_o carriage_n as_o of_o the_o lord_n corn_n into_o the_o barn_n to_o market_n fair_n and_o elsewhere_o or_o of_o his_o domestic_a utensil_n or_o houshold-provision_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o service_n be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n sometime_o by_o horse_n thence_o call_v horse-average_a otherwhile_o by_o foot_n horse-average_a thence_o term_v foot-average_a one_o while_o within_o the_o precinct_n foot-average_a of_o the_o manor_n thence_o name_v in-average_a another_o in-average_a while_n without_o and_o then_o call_v out-average_a the_o out-aveâ—agâ—_a tenant_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o avermannus_n the_o four_o drof-land_n that_o hold_v by_o the_o service_n drof-land_n of_o drive_v as_o well_o of_o distress_n take_v for_o the_o lord_n use_v as_o of_o the_o lord_n cattle_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o to_z and_o from_o market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a more_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n of_o drive_v the_o lord_n hog_n or_o swine_n to_o and_o from_o the_o weald_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o denn_n there_o thence_o call_v of_o old_a drofden_n namely_o from_o the_o drove_n of_o hog_n drofdens_fw-la send_v thither_o and_o there_o feed_v and_o fat_v with_o mast_n or_o pawnage_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v vulgar_o call_v drofmannâ—u_n the_o five_o swilling-land_n that_o let_v out_o or_o occupy_v swilling-land_n by_o swilling_n swollings_n or_o sulling_n that_o be_v plough-land_n come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o plough_n in_o which_o notion_n the_o word_n may_v extend_v to_o all_o arable_a land_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n a_o plough_n be_v able_a to_o master_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n thereafter_o as_o it_o be_v in_o quality_n this_o of_o swilling_n i_o find_v to_o be_v a_o word_n proper_a to_o the_o kentish_a even_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n to_o look_v no_o high_a who_o survey_n common_o call_v domesday-book_n show_v sul_v and_o the_o like_a to_o have_v be_v a_o term_n in_o those_o day_n peculiar_a to_o this_o county_n whereby_o to_o express_v the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n while_o hide_v and_o the_o like_a be_v of_o like_a use_n elsewhere_o to_o this_o head_n may_v be_v refer_v hide-land_n rodland_n yokeland_n akerland_n rodland_n and_o the_o like_a be_v quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o land_n let_v out_o and_o occupy_v by_o the_o hide_n yoke_n acre_n rod_n etc._n etc._n and_o denominate_v according_o the_o six_o mol-land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o upland_n mol-land_n of_o the_o saxon_n call_v dunland_n stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o meadow-land_n mershland_n or_o low-land_n the_o tenant_n whereof_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v call_v molmannus_n the_o word_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v derivable_a from_o the_o latin_a mole_n a_o heap_n of_o which_o see_v further_a in_o the_o surveyor_n dialogue_n hence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n in_o ash_n the_o seat_n and_o patrimony_n aâ—_n this_o day_n and_o from_o good_a antiquity_n of_o the_o harflet_n former_o of_o the_o septvans_n family_n both_o in_o their_o time_n adorn_v with_o knighthood_n call_v molland_n be_v of_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o the_o overlooking_a of_o a_o large_a level_n of_o a_o rich_a mershland_n the_o seven_o ber-land_n that_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o ber-land_n service_n of_o bear_v or_o carry_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n provision_n of_o victual_n or_o the_o like_a in_o their_o remove_n from_o place_n to_o place_n such_o tenant_n be_v thence_o call_v â—ermâ—nnus_fw-la the_o eight_o smiths-land_n that_o in_o respect_n whereof_o smiths-land_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v as_o to_o undergo_v the_o smith_n or_o farrier_n office_n and_o work_n in_o and_o about_o shoe_v his_o lord_n horse_n and_o carriage_n so_o also_o to_o find_v and_o furnish_v he_o with_o material_n of_o iron_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o nine_o wareland_n the_o same_o that_o otherwise_o wareland_n call_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n terra_fw-la warectata_fw-la or_o terrajacens_n ad_fw-la warectam_fw-la that_o be_v land_n lie_v or_o suffer_v to_o lie_v â—allow_a come_v from_o the_o french_a garé_n their_o g_o hear_v as_o in_o many_o other_o word_n be_v turn_v into_o our_o w_n whence_o with_o they_o terre_n garée_v for_o old_a fallow-ground_n the_o ten_o terra_fw-la susanna_n land_n not_o much_o unlike_a terra-susanna_a unto_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a be_v superannuated_a land_n or_o land_n with_o over_o much_o tillage_n
to_o themselves_o a_o quitrent_a as_o it_o be_v in_o signum_fw-la dominii_fw-la that_o be_v they_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o the_o service_n and_o grant_v to_o the_o hospital_n the_o usum_fw-la fructum_fw-la or_o they_o grant_v the_o utile_fw-la dominium_fw-la to_o the_o hospital_n and_o reserve_v the_o directum_fw-la to_o themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o bracton_n and_o 26._o other_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o feodo_fw-la quoad_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o none_o in_o dominico_fw-la refer_v to_o the_o chief_a lord_n and_o of_o another_o in_o feodo_fw-la &_o dominico_fw-la &_o none_o in_o servitio_fw-la relate_v to_o the_o freeholder_n the_o former_a may_v here_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o feoffor_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o feoffee_n in_o this_o deed_n but_o this_o parergon_n and_o now_o to_o wind_v up_o all_o concern_v this_o first_o proposition_n and_o not_o to_o enlarge_v with_o any_o further_a instance_n wherein_o i_o may_v be_v infinite_a for_o assert_v this_o truth_n of_o our_o gavelkynd_n derivation_n gavelkynd_n we_o see_v be_v the_o land_n right_a name_n who_o etymology_n be_v never_o wrest_v to_o gife-eal-cyn_a who_o signification_n of_o censual_a rent_n land_n or_o rent-service_n land_n be_v never_o question_v till_o that_o within_o our_o father_n memory_n one_o and_o all_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o error_n jure_fw-la veluti_fw-la successionis_fw-la transmit_v to_o they_o run_v a_o head_n in_o a_o wrong_n and_o mistake_a derivation_n proposition_n ii_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o partition_n disallow_v then_o gavelkynd_n as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o it_o to_o be_v derivative_a from_o partition_n our_o next_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v if_o on_o the_o contrary_a partition_n owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkynd_n or_o to_o what_o other_o cause_n before_o i_o further_o enter_v into_o which_o research_n or_o offer_v any_o resolution_n to_o the_o quaere_fw-la give_v i_o leave_v to_o preface_n it_o with_o certain_a rule_n ground_n and_o principle_n in_o this_o case_n fit_a to_o be_v premise_v you_o be_v then_o desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o here_o in_o england_n we_o acknowledge_v no_o land_n no_o inheritance_n partible_a twofold_n or_o divisible_a but_o what_o be_v so_o either_o first_o by_o law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o female_n succeed_v for_o lack_v of_o male_n whether_o in_o knight-service_n land_n or_o socage_n which_o in_o this_o point_n differ_v not_o or_o what_o second_o be_v so_o by_o custom_n as_o in_o our_o present_a case_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o such_o like_a no_o parcener_n of_o land_n i_o say_v in_o point_n of_o inheritance_n or_o succession_n but_o either_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o custom_n as_o term_v by_o littleton_n and_o our_o more_o modern_a book_n the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o what_o of_o elder_a time_n in_o bractons_n 418._o language_n be_v call_v 1_o ratione_fw-la personarum_fw-la 2_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v i_o adjoyn_v what_o in_o this_o point_n of_o partition_n be_v deliver_v by_o those_o two_o ancient_a and_o famous_a sage_n of_o our_o law_n glanvill_n and_o bracton_n whereof_o the_o former_a 3._o speak_v thus_o cum_fw-la quis_fw-la ergo_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la habens_fw-la moriatur_fw-la si_fw-la unicum_fw-la filium_fw-la heredem_fw-la habuerit_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la verum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la filius_fw-la ille_fw-la patri_fw-la svo_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la si_fw-mi plures_fw-la reliquerit_fw-la filiâ—s_fw-la tunc_fw-la distinguitur_fw-la utrum_fw-la ille_fw-la fuerit_fw-la mile_n sive_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la tenens_fw-la aut_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n quia_fw-la si_fw-la mile_n fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jus_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la filius_fw-la patri_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o totum_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la fratrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la partem_fw-la inde_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la petere_fw-la potest_fw-la si_fw-mi verò_fw-la fuerit_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la quotquot_fw-la sunt_fw-la per_fw-la part_n aequales_fw-la â—7_n si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it primogenito_fw-la filio_fw-la pro_fw-la dignitâ—te_fw-la aâ—sneciae_fw-la suae_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la satisfaciâ—t_fw-la aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la tunc_fw-la primo_fw-la genitus_fw-la secundum_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la totam_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la secundùm_fw-la autem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la postnatus_fw-la filius_fw-la heres_fw-la est_fw-la item_n si_fw-la filiam_fw-la tantùm_fw-la unam_fw-la reliquerit_fw-la quis_fw-la heredem_fw-la tunc_fw-la id_fw-la obtinet_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la quod_fw-la â—e_n filio_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la sin_n autem_fw-la plures_fw-la filias_fw-la tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la inter_fw-la ipsas_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la sive_fw-la fuerit_fw-la miles_n sive_fw-la sokemannus_n pater_fw-la earum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la primogenitae_fw-la filiae_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it sub_fw-la formâ_fw-la praescriptâ—_n etc._n etc._n thus_o glanvill_n harmonious_o follow_v and_o almost_o verbatim_o of_o 15._o bracton_n who_o word_n on_o this_o argument_n be_v these_o si_fw-mi libre_fw-la sockmannus_n moriatur_fw-la pluribus_fw-la relictis_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la &_o participibus_fw-la si_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la â—it_n &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la haeredes_fw-la quotquot_fw-la erunt_fw-la habeant_fw-la part_n svas_fw-la aequales_fw-la &_o si_fw-la unicum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la messuagium_fw-la illud_fw-la integre_n remaneat_fw-la primogenito_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la alii_fw-la habeant_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la hereditas_fw-la divisa_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la tunc_fw-la tota_fw-la remaneat_fw-la primogenito_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sockagium_fw-la villanum_fw-la tunc_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la loci_fw-la erit_fw-la observanda_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la in_o quibusdam_fw-la partibus_fw-la quod_fw-la postnatus_fw-la praefertur_fw-la primogenito_fw-la &_o è_fw-la contrario_fw-la etc._n etc._n hereunto_o let_v i_o subjoin_v in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n that_o common_a principle_n among_o we_o and_o obvious_a in_o our_o book_n viz._n that_o prescription_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n as_o it_o be_v not_o â—65_n needful_a so_o neither_o be_v it_o good_a the_o reason_n be_v whereof_o i_o pray_v take_v notice_n with_o i_o that_o as_o mr._n lambard_n have_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n be_v general_a spread_v itself_o throughcut_a the_o whole_a shire_n into_o all_o land_n subject_a by_o ancient_a tenure_n unto_o the_o same_o such_o place_n only_o except_v where_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o 5._o edw._n 4._o 8._o and_o 14._o hen._n 4._o 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o common_a law_n in_o kent_n have_v thus_o premise_v i_o shall_v now_o make_v it_o my_o endeavour_n to_o shape_v such_o a_o resolution_n or_o answer_n to_o the_o propound_v quaere_fw-la as_o may_v consist_v with_o these_o principle_n and_o brief_o my_o answer_n here_o be_v negative_a viz._n that_o partition_n do_v not_o owe_v itself_o bare_o to_o gavelkynd_n either_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la by_o reason_n or_o force_v of_o that_o denomination_n or_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la from_o the_o nature_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n that_o property_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkynd_n or_o so_o call_v not_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_a first_o as_o for_o the_o name_n the_o term_n that_o that_o will_v in_o no_o wise_n bear_v it_o be_v i_o conceive_v a_o thing_n sufficient_o clear_v in_o our_o discourse_n upon_o the_o first_o proposition_n wherein_o the_o term_n be_v vindicate_v from_o that_o mistake_a construction_n by_o the_o error_n of_o latter_a time_n obtrude_v on_o it_o nor_o can_v such_o a_o derivation_n any_o way_n consist_v with_o the_o premise_a principle_n partition_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n from_o the_o term_n or_o denomination_n of_o it_o be_v reducible_a to_o none_o of_o the_o there_o assign_a cause_n of_o partition_n as_o inconsistent_a also_o with_o those_o cause_n and_o ground_n of_o partition_n that_o dichotomy_n or_o bipartite_a distinction_n of_o partible_a land_n into_o 1_o that_o by_o law_n and_o 2_o that_o by_o custom_n be_v the_o attribute_v that_o property_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n to_o the_o nature_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o such_o three_o sort_n of_o partible_a land_n to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o book_n if_o it_o be_v reply_v yes_o sure_o for_o objection_n bracton_n be_v express_v for_o a_o partition_n ratione_fw-la reâ—_n vel_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o the_o place_n above_o quote_v that_o especial_o where_o he_o say_v as_o fol._n 374._o a._n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkind_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la such_o indeed_o be_v his_o solution_n word_n and_o withal_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n
part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a do_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n which_o land_n be_v ever_o since_o enjoy_v under_o the_o king_n title_n by_o escheat_n and_o john_n wall_n upon_o a_o trial_n recover_v against_o white_a the_o devisee_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n be_v never_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n and_o so_o it_o be_v agree_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la pasch_fw-mi 37._o el._n in_o c._n b._n in_o halton_n and_o starthop_n case_n upon_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n of_o kent_n &_o it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o resolve_v before_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n that_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n and_o he_o that_o shall_v conclude_v upon_o that_o place_n of_o fitz_n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n that_o all_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n may_v as_o well_o conclude_v that_o all_o land_n in_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o england_n be_v deviseable_a which_o be_v not_o so_o as_o appear_z by_o mr._n littleton_n who_o say_v that_o in_o some_o burrough_n by_o custom_n a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n then_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v they_o by_o word_n without_o writing_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o 34._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 53._o for_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n by_o a_o will_v nuncupative_a so_o may_v he_o likewise_o devise_v his_o land_n deviseable_a by_o custom_n because_o they_o be_v esteem_v but_o tanquam_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mischievous_a thing_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_n in_o kent_n shall_v be_v deviseable_a by_o word_n only_o to_o these_o argument_n and_o objection_n against_o the_o custom_n certain_a answer_n and_o exception_n by_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n have_v be_v frame_v and_o return_v in_o behalf_n thereof_o reducible_a to_o three_o head_n which_o to_o avoid_v all_o just_a suspicion_n of_o partiality_n and_o prejudice_n wherewith_o some_o zealous_a advocate_n and_o contender_n for_o the_o custom_n have_v be_v and_o may_v again_o be_v ready_a to_o asperse_v i_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v together_o with_o such_o answer_n and_o argument_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o other_o side_n in_o further_a and_o full_a refutation_n of_o they_o who_o endeavour_n to_o uphold_v the_o custom_n the_o learned_a counsel_n argument_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o custom_n first_o they_o deny_v the_o old_a book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o fitzh_n mortdancester_n 39_o â—o_o be_v lâ—w._n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o land_n deviseable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o his_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o defendaut_n claim_v by_o some_o other_o title_n but_o if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o land_n be_v by_o custom_n deviseable_a and_o be_v devise_v unto_o he_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bar_n of_o the_o action_n second_o they_o rely_v much_o upon_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la fol._n 198._o which_o say_v that_o a_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v where_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n which_o land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o will_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n whence_o they_o infer_v that_o all_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n three_o they_o cite_v the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o book_n call_v old_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n fol._n 198._o that_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n may_v be_v give_v or_o sell_v without_o the_o lord_n licence_n and_o they_o interpret_v the_o word_n give_v to_o be_v by_o will_n and_o the_o word_n grant_v to_o be_v by_o deed_n the_o reply_n to_o the_o foregoing_a argument_n by_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o custom_n as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n they_o reply_v thus_o first_o they_o maintain_v that_o the_o custom_n alone_o without_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n as_o well_o as_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o bar_n for_o which_o there_o be_v not_o only_o that_o book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o but_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 272._o ubi_fw-la non_fw-la iaceo_fw-la assisa_fw-la mortis_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la among_o his_o plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n have_v before_o treat_v of_o plea_n in_o bar_n to_o it_o cadit_fw-la assisa_n say_v he_o propter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la loci_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la burgis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o 22._o assis_n pl._n 78._o where_o upon_o the_o like_a plea_n the_o writ_n be_v abate_v and_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 196._o i._o who_o authority_n they_o think_v strange_a to_o be_v deny_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o law_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n and_o yet_o so_o strong_o rell_v on_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o custom_n in_o a_o place_n whereto_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o so_o be_v it_o practise_v and_o allow_v in_o itin._n johan_n de_fw-fr stanton_n 6._o edw._n 2._o and_o the_o reason_n give_v by_o the_o book_n why_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o this_o writ_n be_v because_o the_o suggestion_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v be_v true_a that_o the_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o title_n where_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a and_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o die_v seize_v must_v be_v traverse_v and_o though_o the_o tenant_n plead_v the_o feoffment_n of_o the_o ancestor_n or_o other_o matter_n in_o bar_n that_o be_v not_o matter_n of_o estoppell_n to_o the_o heir_n as_o a_o fine_a recovery_n &c_n &c_n yet_o must_v he_o traverse_v the_o die_v seize_v and_o the_o jury_n shall_v be_v summon_v and_o charge_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o ancestor_n thy_fw-mi quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 9_o assis_n pl._n 22._o 27._o hen._n 8._o 12._o brooke_n mortdancestor_n 1._o old_a nat._n brev._n fol._n 117._o and_o diverse_a other_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o opinion_n to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o book_n of_o law_n against_o that_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n mortdancestor_n 39_o until_o the_o 15_o of_o king_n charles_n launder_v and_o brook_n case_n crook_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 405._o obiter_fw-la upon_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o custom_n 2._o admit_v that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o law_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o the_o mortdancestor_n do_v not_o lie_v where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n but_o it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o yet_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n be_v then_o frequent_o bring_v and_o maintain_v of_o land_n in_o kent_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n and_o the_o book_n abovesaid_a 3._o whether_o the_o custom_n alone_o be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n or_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n they_o say_v it_o can_v be_v show_v if_o it_o can_v they_o challenge_v they_o to_o do_v it_o who_o will_v maintain_v the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v ever_o plead_v one_o way_n or_o other_o either_o in_o abatement_n or_o in_o bar_n to_o any_o one_o of_o all_o that_o multitude_n of_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v at_o large_a in_o that_o county_n when_o in_o so_o small_a a_o city_n and_o county_n as_o canterbury_n where_o indeed_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n they_o show_v it_o often_o plead_v to_o writ_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v there_o before_o roger_n de_fw-fr stanton_n and_o other_o justice_n in_o eyre_n second_o to_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 198._o upon_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o question_n spring_v they_o answer_v that_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o that_o book_n no_o less_o than_o the_o grammar_n of_o it_o due_o observe_v be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o write_v of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v there_o where_o land_n in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n not_o that_o all_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v
gavel-reâ—ter_a etc._n etc._n whereof_o also_o i_o shall_v entreat_v further_o by_o and_o by_o be_v it_o then_o last_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o land_n mere_a descent_n in_o this_o kind_n to_o all_o the_o heir_n alike_o suppose_v a_o plurality_n of_o heir_n be_v all_o the_o regard_n those_o ancestor_n of_o we_o have_v to_o sway_v and_o regulate_v their_o judgement_n by_o to_o who_o the_o name_n the_o term_n do_v owe_v its_o first_o original_n be_v that_o in_o probability_n ground_n enough_o to_o satisfy_v they_o of_o the_o congruity_n and_o suitableness_n of_o the_o name_n to_o and_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n name_v as_o name_n we_o know_v shall_v suis_fw-la be_v vix_fw-la credo_fw-la i_o doubt_v it_o for_o my_o part_n in_o brief_a then_o to_o recollect_v what_o have_v be_v say_v 1._o if_o female_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o succession_n as_o well_o as_o male_n where_o the_o male_a issue_n fail_v 2._o if_o collateral_a kindred_n be_v capable_a thereof_o as_o well_o as_o those_o in_o the_o descendent_a line_n where_o such_o heir_n be_v want_v in_o both_o which_o kind_n gavelkynd_n land_n differ_v not_o from_o that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n 3._o if_o corporation_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n 4._o if_o such_o land_n may_v be_v pass_v away_o to_o mere_a stranger_n from_o the_o right_a heir_n 5._o if_o none_o may_v proper_o be_v call_v gavelkynd-land_n where_o a_o accustomable_a partition_n have_v not_o make_v way_n for_o it_o 6._o if_o there_o be_v partible_a land_n elsewhere_o out_o of_o kent_n that_o be_v not_o call_v gavelkynd_n 7._o if_o gavel_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o word_n find_v in_o some_o record_n of_o land_n out_o of_o kent_n and_o of_o other_o in_o kent_n will_v not_o bear_v the_o derivation_n of_o it_o from_o gifeeal_n without_o absurdity_n 8._o and_o last_o if_o name_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v sapient_a name_v then_o be_v gavelkynd_n after_o these_o man_n premise_a derivation_n in_o some_o sort_n a_o very_a scant_a narrow_a and_o partial_a in_o other_o a_o most_o incongruous_a and_o improper_a term_n to_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n by_o sure_o there_o be_v somewhat_o more_o peculiar_a to_o gavelkynd-land_n and_o of_o more_o note_n and_o eminency_n in_o it_o better_a serve_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n than_o this_o derivation_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o intimate_v and_o which_o first_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o imposition_n of_o that_o name_n upon_o it_o which_o lead_v i_o to_o my_o other_o the_o positive_a or_o affirmative_a proposition_n assert_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o term_n and_o show_v whence_o it_o be_v at_o first_o impose_v and_o afterward_o continue_v wherein_o i_o must_v confess_v mr._n lambard_n be_v as_o happy_a signify_v to_o go_v right_a in_o the_o latter_a of_o his_o two_o conjecture_n as_o he_o be_v before_o unlucky_a to_o miss_v of_o the_o right_n in_o his_o former_a yet_o in_o this_o passive_o unhappy_a though_o that_o the_o former_a through_o the_o advantage_n aforementioned_a whole_o take_v and_o be_v accept_v of_o all_o while_o the_o latter_a be_v receive_v and_o embrace_v of_o none_o but_o no_o great_a marvel_n since_o while_o some_o through_o ignorance_n can_v not_o judge_v of_o other_o haply_o for_o company_n will_v not_o question_v so_o plausible_a a_o derivation_n but_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o such_o as_o be_v any_o thing_n verse_v in_o saxon_a monument_n gafol_n be_v a_o word_n very_o obvious_a but_o vary_v sometime_o in_o the_o dialect_n as_o be_v write_v now_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d anon_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o few_o instance_n where_o it_o occurr_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n tribute_n mention_v in_o the_o 17_o of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n verse_n 24_o and_o 25_o as_o also_o in_o the_o 22_o of_o the_o same_o evangelist_n verse_n 17_o &_o 19_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a translation_n of_o the_o gospel_n turn_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o gospel_n at_o the_o 27_o verse_n it_o serve_v to_o express_v what_o there_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a translation_n be_v call_v in_o some_o book_n advantage_n in_o other_o usury_n agreeable_a to_o that_o in_o the_o saxon_a psalter_n psal_n 54._o vers_fw-la 11._o where_o usura_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a in_o the_o marginal_a version_n or_o read_n of_o the_o word_n be_v render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d occur_v in_o the_o first_o of_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o the_o council_n pag._n 194._o be_v of_o that_o learned_a knight_n expound_v to_o we_o by_o redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la pensiones_fw-la as_o it_o be_v again_o in_o his_o latin_a version_n of_o pope_n agatho's_n decretal_a epistle_n pag._n 164._o of_o the_o same_o council_n by_o redditus_fw-la in_o a_o old_a sanction_n of_o king_n edgar_n recite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o aedmerus_fw-la pag._n 153._o what_o be_v there_o in_o the_o latin_a read_n solitus_fw-la census_fw-la in_o the_o interlineary_a saxon_a version_n we_o find_v render_v there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hereunto_o i_o may_v add_v heap_n of_o instance_n take_v from_o the_o saxon_a law_n the_o mare_n clausum_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o but_o i_o forbear_v to_o exspatiate_v and_o to_o be_v short_a gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o doomsday-book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n elsewhere_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v gabellâ—_n abroad_o viz._n vectigal_n portorium_n tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n to_o which_o with_o 529._o mr._n lambard_n and_o 2._o sr._n edw._n coke_n let_v i_o add_v rent_n witness_n beside_o the_o former_a quotation_n what_o occurr_v in_o a_o ancient_a will_n or_o deed_n cant._n of_o one_o athelwird_n the_o donor_n of_o certain_a land_n at_o ickham_n in_o kent_n to_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n of_o man_n redemption_n 958._o where_o you_o may_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d heâ—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o anon_o after_o again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o passage_n under_o favour_n of_o the_o skilful_a in_o that_o language_n i_o shall_v render_v thus_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a after_o his_o day_n or_o death_n eadrith_n if_o he_o live_v shall_v enjoy_v or_o use_n it_o yield_v that_o rent_n which_o be_v impose_v on_o it_o that_o be_v v_o pound_n and_o every_o year_n or_o yearly_o one_o day_n farm_n or_o victual_n unto_o the_o covent_n that_o be_v xl_o measure_n call_v sextary_n of_o ale_n 12._o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a thus_o with_o the_o same_o or_o like_o rend_v that_o herein_o be_v appoint_v let_v i_o add_v what_o in_o another_o like_a record_n both_o for_o time_n and_o place_n occurr_v thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v and_o after_o both_o their_o day_n or_o death_n let_v eadsith_v the_o archbishop_n if_o he_o survive_v they_o have_v or_o take_v these_o land_n or_o else_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o time_n be_v unless_o some_o friend_n of_o they_o by_o or_o with_o the_o arch-bishop_n favour_n may_v continue_v to_o hold_v that_o land_n at_o or_o upon_o the_o accustom_a rent_n ur_fw-la upon_o what_o other_o contract_n or_o condition_n may_v be_v have_v or_o make_v with_o the_o archbishop_n then_o live_v or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v i_o shall_v add_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o from_o the_o grant_n of_o bocking_n a_o know_a place_n in_o essex_n to_o the_o same_o cathedral_n by_o one_o ethelrich_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 997._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v and_o i_o also_o give_v those_o two_o hide_n of_o land_n that_o eadrith_n rent_v or_o hire_v yearly_a for_o half_a a_o pound_n so_o that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v clear_a that_o ponere_fw-la terram_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o hire_v or_o let_v out_o land_v by_o or_o for_o rent_n or_o farm_n and_o by_o consequence_n terra_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la posita_fw-la take_v in_o its_o proper_a and_o genuine_a acception_n be_v land_n hire_v or_o let_v out_o to_o farm_n or_o for_o rent_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o word_n it_o comprehend_v beside_o all_o censual_a or_o tributary_n land_n as_o also_o what_o we_o call_v customary_a land_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o consuetudines_fw-la custom_n denote_v 58._o service_n and_o so_o take_v in_o all_o rent-service_n land_n which_o with_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n who_o call_v the_o
aforesaid_a law_n harp_n upon_o in_o the_o word_n refare_n and_o be_v there_o gloss_a by_o opus_fw-la nithingi_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o word_n wealreaf_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o story_n that_o i_o mean_v of_o the_o siege_n lay_v to_o rochester-castle_n which_o though_o of_o as_o small_a if_o not_o less_o concernment_n than_o the_o other_o here_o in_o question_n can_v find_v many_o chronicler_n to_o record_v it_o and_o must_v this_o need_v escape_v they_o all_o till_o spot_n have_v get_v it_o by_o the_o end_n beside_o observe_v with_o i_o what_o mr._n selden_n there_o and_o mr._n lambard_n before_o he_o both_o note_n his_o commixture_n of_o 3._o a_o falsity_n about_o villeinage_n affirm_v it_o be_v not_o in_o england_n before_o that_o time_n which_o be_v apparent_o false_a by_o choice_n of_o testimony_n both_o from_o our_o law_n and_o other_o saxon_a monument_n so_o obvious_a as_o i_o will_v spare_v to_o repeat_v they_o set_v that_o aside_o until_o i_o have_v dispatch_v the_o main_a matter_n of_o the_o story_n the_o composition_n i_o mean_v between_o the_o conqueror_n and_o the_o man_n of_o kent_n with_o the_o occasion_n of_o it_o which_o as_o it_o want_v the_o warrant_n of_o confirmation_n by_o other_o elder_a historian_n not_o only_o silent_a of_o it_o but_o agree_v in_o assert_v a_o universal_a conquest_n so_o in_o â—lat_a contradiction_n of_o it_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o florentius_n wigorniensis_fw-la and_o roger_n hoveden_n of_o our_o county_n fellow-suffering_a with_o norman_n her_o near_a and_o more_o remote_a neighbour_n of_o sussex_n surrey_n hampshire_n middlesex_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o devastation_n depredation_n and_o other_o misery_n of_o a_o country_n invade_v subdue_v and_o at_o least_o in_o some_o part_n harry_v by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n immediate_o upon_o that_o signal_n victory_n of_o he_o over_o the_o english_a at_o the_o place_n where_o afterward_o he_o found_v that_o abbey_n from_o the_o battle_n there_o fight_v call_v battel-abbey_n in_o sussex_n you_o shall_v have_v my_o author_n own_o word_n interea_fw-la say_v they_o â—_o have_v but_o new_o tell_v the_o story_n of_o that_o fatal_a battle_n comes_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la suthsaxoniam_fw-la cantiam_fw-la suthamtunensem_fw-la provinciam_fw-la suthregiam_fw-la middelsaxoniam_fw-la herefordensem_fw-la provinciam_fw-la devastabat_fw-la &_o villa_n crâ—mare_n hominesque_fw-la interficere_fw-la non_fw-la cessabat_fw-la donec_fw-la ad_fw-la villam_fw-la quae_fw-la beorcham_n nominatur_fw-la veniret_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o this_o let_v i_o add_v a_o passage_n from_o the_o story_n of_o the_o same_o spot_n where_o after_o mention_v make_v of_o a_o annuity_n or_o rent-charge_n give_v to_o his_o abbey_n by_o one_o sulburga_n the_o lady_n of_o brabourne_n about_o the_o year_n 861_o he_o subjoin_v this_o istum_fw-la redditum_fw-la say_v he_o &_o jugum_fw-la terrae_fw-la apud_fw-la horton_n &_o terram_fw-la de_fw-la hengestehell_n juxta_fw-la wivelesburgum_n hugo_n de_fw-fr monford_n abstulit_fw-la cui_fw-la &_o episcopo_fw-la baiocensi_fw-la williâ—lmus_fw-la bastardus_fw-la fere_n omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la cantiae_fw-la contulit_fw-la contradicentibus_fw-la monachis_fw-la sed_fw-la minimè_fw-la praevalentibus_fw-la now_o if_o the_o conqueror_n seize_v almost_o all_o the_o kentish_a land_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o brother_n the_o bishop_n 1070._o of_o bayeux_n and_o hugh_n monfort_n as_o you_o may_v find_v further_o verify_v by_o domesday_n book_n with_o clear_a evidence_n of_o the_o like_a distribution_n general_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n whence_o that_o of_o etc._n inguiphus_n deinceps_fw-la ergo_fw-la comitatus_fw-la &_o baronias_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la &_o praelatias_fw-la totius_fw-la terrae_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la rex_fw-la distribuit_fw-la &_o vix_fw-la aliquem_fw-la anglicum_fw-la ad_fw-la honoris_fw-la statum_fw-la vel_fw-la alicujus_fw-la dominii_fw-la principatum_fw-la ascendere_fw-la permisit_fw-la how_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o kent_n shall_v escape_v or_o speed_v so_o well_o as_o by_o that_o specious_a story_n of_o the_o swanescomb_n encounter_n and_o accord_n the_o monk_n will_v bear_v the_o world_n in_o hand_n truth_n be_v by_o the_o way_n the_o harpy_n of_o those_o rapacious_a time_n the_o conqueror_n kinsman_n and_o countryman_n lay_v about_o they_o notable_o for_o the_o fat_a morsel_n they_o can_v find_v in_o most_o place_n out_o of_o church-land_n 21._o especial_o tempore_fw-la autem_fw-la praedicto_fw-la normannorum_fw-la quo_fw-la dux_n willmus_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la armatis_fw-la copiis_fw-la angliam_fw-la intravit_fw-la vastavit_fw-la penitùs_fw-la &_o subegit_fw-la omne_fw-la in_o praedam_fw-la data_fw-la sunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n quoth_v gervase_n the_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n and_o what_o with_o force_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o flattery_n on_o the_o other_o obtain_v so_o many_o as_o at_o length_n the_o pressure_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o religious_a of_o those_o time_n for_o a_o general_a complaint_n thereof_o unto_o the_o conqueror_n with_o petition_n for_o redress_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o monk_n both_o of_o st._n augustine_n and_o of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n particular_o seem_v to_o join_v in_o the_o remonstrance_n whereupon_o for_o the_o former_a the_o conqueror_n direct_v a_o writ_n brief_a or_o charter_n to_o lanfrank_a the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n for_o redress_n of_o what_o wrong_v in_o that_o kind_n have_v betide_v the_o place_n of_o such_o tenor_n as_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 13._o and_o for_o the_o cathedral_n beside_o a_o particular_a charter_n grant_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o monk_n there_o ut_fw-la praedicti_fw-la monachi_fw-la potestatem_fw-la habeant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la dandi_fw-la &_o tollendi_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la eye_n melius_fw-la visum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quicunque_fw-la have_v teneat_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o show_v a_o general_a write_v of_o he_o to_o archbishop_n lanfrank_a and_o other_o for_o the_o restitution_n and_o reseize_v of_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v take_v from_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n all_o the_o kingdom_n over_o whereof_o it_o seem_v they_o have_v particular_a occasion_n to_o make_v use_n both_o by_o their_o care_n to_o record_v it_o as_o a_o evidence_n much_o concern_v they_o in_o their_o leiger_n as_o also_o by_o the_o record_n they_o likewise_o there_o keep_v of_o the_o plea_n between_o their_o say_a archbishop_n and_o the_o foresay_a odo_n at_o pinenden_n whereof_o from_o the_o record_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rochester_n which_o it_o equal_o concern_v mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n pag._n 19_o have_v give_v we_o a_o copy_n a_o pregnant_a evidence_n for_o our_o present_a purpose_n in_o many_o respect_n this_o last_o name_v charter_n because_o it_o may_v be_v the_o first_o that_o ere_o you_o see_v of_o this_o nature_n in_o print_n and_o may_v conduce_v to_o a_o right_a judgement_n of_o spot_n story_n i_o shall_v advise_o recite_v at_o large_a in_o the_o appendix_n where_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o scriptura_fw-la 14._o but_o no_o long_o to_o digress_v be_v further_o advertise_v good_a reader_n that_o whereas_o by_o spot_n relation_n the_o conqueror_n be_v oppose_v by_o the_o kentish_a man_n in_o his_o march_n through_o west_n kent_n towards_o dover_n and_o after_o composition_n with_o they_o at_o swanescomb_n be_v by_o they_o conduct_v to_o rochester_n and_o put_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o county_n together_o with_o the_o castle_n of_o dover_n the_o very_a truth_n be_v by_o the_o more_o credible_a relation_n of_o 204._o gulielmus_fw-la pictavensis_fw-la a_o writer_n of_o the_o same_o time_n and_o the_o conqueror_n own_o chaplain_n follow_v by_o 502._o ordericus_n vitals_n the_o conqueror_n after_o his_o victory_n near_o hastings_n make_v not_o first_o to_o london_n and_o then_o to_o kent_n but_o after_o feâ—ling_v his_o affair_n about_o hastings_n present_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o dover_n etc._n by_o the_o way_n of_o romney_n where_o have_v avenge_v himself_o of_o the_o savage_a kind_n of_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o slaughter_n of_o certain_a of_o his_o man_n by_o some_o mistake_n land_v at_o that_o place_n of_o pictavensis_n call_v romanaerium_n for_o romaneium_fw-la as_o of_o ordericus_n right_o name_v he_o thence_o advance_v on_o to_o dover_n whither_o though_o a_o numberless_a multitude_n of_o people_n have_v betake_v themselves_o as_o to_o a_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o castle_n inexpugnable_a yet_o dismay_v with_o the_o conqueror_n approach_v the_o place_n with_o all_o readiness_n submit_v to_o he_o who_o after_o eight_o day_n fortification_n of_o it_o march_v from_o thence_o at_o a_o place_n not_o far_o from_o dover_n the_o kentish_a man_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n come_v in_o to_o he_o swear_v he_o â—ealty_n and_o give_v hostage_n for_o performance_n march_v then_o onward_o and_o understand_v where_o stigand_n the_o archbishop_n with_o the_o earl_n edwin_n and_o morcar_n and_o other_o english_a noble_n who_o conspire_v to_o set_v up_o edgar_n etheling_n king_n be_v assemble_v he_o make_v towards_o they_o with_o a_o strong_a power_n and_o sit_v down_o not_o far_o from_o london_n whence_o certain_a company_n issue_v out_o against_o
it_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o grant_v out_o or_o pass_v land_n in_o that_o kind_n carta_n alodii_fw-la ad_fw-la aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la be_v there_o reckon_v and_o rank_v inter_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la regum_fw-la inter_fw-la anglos_n now_o as_o our_o bocland_n do_v not_o present_o expire_v with_o the_o saxon_n its_o first_o author_n upon_o their_o vanquish_a and_o supplant_n by_o the_o norman_n so_o neither_o do_v our_o folcland_n but_o survive_v and_o continue_v after_o the_o conquest_n folcland_n and_o remain_v unto_o this_o day_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a name_n yet_o in_o the_o thing_n and_o substance_n for_o as_o aforetime_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o ceorle_n gebures_n folcmen_n etc._n etc._n as_o afterward_o the_o norman_n their_o villani_n bordmanni_n cotarii_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o what_o the_o former_a hold_v be_v call_v folcland_n gafolland_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v oppose_v to_o bocland_n what_o the_o latter_a villeinage_n and_o in_o some_o sense_n socage_n oppose_v to_o chivalry_n knight-service_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n intend_v by_o that_o rusticana_fw-la servitus_fw-la occur_v rustâ—canâ—_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o walâ—heâ—â—nus_n maminoâ—_n grant_v the_o â—â—thery_a of_o bertrey_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rochester_n quod_fw-la si_fw-la aliquid_fw-la de_fw-fr prâ—dicto_fw-la dominio_fw-la in_o rusticanam_fw-la servitutem_fw-la translatum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o mr._n selden'_v history_n of_o tithe_n cap._n 11._o pag._n 313_o as_o for_o the_o original_n of_o socage_n there_o 1._o be_v that_o refer_v we_o for_o the_o find_n of_o it_o to_o a_o notable_a passage_n in_o gâ—rvasius_n tilburiensis_n his_o book_n entitle_v dialogus_fw-la soâ—ccarii_fw-la who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o hen._n 2._o day_n which_o to_o bring_v the_o reader_n better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o our_o countrymen_n freehold_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n when_o as_o the_o english_a state_n be_v new_o mould_v i_o here_o offer_v to_o his_o view_n post_fw-la conquisitionem_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n after_o the_o conqueror_n conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o deserve_a subversion_n of_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o his_o noble_n survey_v his_o new_a country_n a_o diligent_a inquiry_n be_v make_v who_o they_o be_v which_o take_v part_n in_o the_o war_n agaist_fw-mi the_o king_n have_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n to_o all_o these_o like_v as_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o as_o have_v fall_v in_o the_o war_n all_o hope_n of_o any_o land_n ferm_n possession_n and_o revenue_n rent_n which_o former_o they_o enjoy_v be_v cut_v off_o for_o they_o account_v it_o no_o small_a favour_n to_o escape_v with_o life_n under_o enemy_n but_o those_o who_o when_o summon_v come_v not_o to_o the_o war_n or_o be_v occupy_v in_o household_n or_o other_o necessary_a affair_n be_v absent_a when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o their_o constant_a observance_n serviceablenesse_n they_o have_v ingratiate_v themselves_o with_o their_o lord_n without_o hope_n of_o succession_n their_o child_n only_o and_o that_o but_o at_o the_o lord_n will_v begin_v to_o possess_v afterward_o when_o become_v odious_a to_o their_o lord_n they_o be_v every_o where_o expel_v their_o possession_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o that_o will_v restore_v what_o be_v take_v away_o a_o common_a complaint_n of_o the_o native_n come_v to_o the_o king_n that_o be_v thus_o hate_v of_o all_o and_o bereave_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o foreign_a part_n at_o length_n after_o consultation_n upon_o these_o matter_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o what_o by_o their_o deserve_n and_o upon_o a_o lawful_a agreement_n they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n shall_v be_v their_o own_o by_o inviolable_a right_n but_o they_o shall_v challenge_v nothing_o to_o themselves_o way_n by_o name_n of_o descent_n succession_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o nation_n subdue_a which_o thing_n true_o how_o discreet_o it_o be_v consider_v of_o be_v manifest_a especial_o when_o as_o thus_o by_o all_o mean_n for_o their_o own_o good_a they_o be_v bind_v from_o thenceforth_o to_o apply_v themselves_o by_o constant_a observance_n serviceablenesse_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n favour_n insomuch_o as_o who_o of_o the_o conquer_a people_n possess_v land_n or_o such_o like_a obtain_v they_o not_o as_o seem_v to_o be_v due_a by_o right_n of_o succession_n but_o in_o recompense_n of_o his_o deserve_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n hence_o we_o see_v how_o precarious_o matter_n stand_v with_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o poor_a country_n man_n in_o point_n of_o estate_n in_o those_o day_n and_o with_o what_o observance_n and_o obsequious_a respect_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o carry_v themselves_o towards_o their_o conquer_a disseisor_n to_o purchase_v many_o time_n but_o a_o modicum_fw-la of_o what_o have_v late_o be_v their_o own_o and_o when_o they_o have_v it_o see_v withal_o upon_o what_o kittle_a rotter_a uncertain_a term_n they_o hold_v 38â—_n it_o the_o relation_n come_v from_o a_o very_a good_a hand_n and_o be_v so_o authentic_a as_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v credit_v for_o itself_o but_o if_o any_o man_n expect_v further_a confirmation_n i_o suppose_v it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o bracton_n lib_n 1._o cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o have_v this_o passage_n and_o be_v in_o part_n second_v in_o it_o by_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 8._o fuerunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la say_v he_o in_o conquestu_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la per_fw-la libera_fw-la servitia_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la ejecti_fw-la essent_fw-la postmodum_fw-la reversi_fw-la receperunt_fw-la eadem_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la tenenda_fw-la in_o villenagio_fw-it etc._n etc._n the_o same_o b._n author_n fol._n â—6_n and_o elsewhere_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o sort_n of_o tenant_n ad_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la villanorum_fw-la sockmannorum_fw-la per_fw-la conventionem_fw-la de_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la dominorum_fw-la licet_fw-la hoc_fw-la esset_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la villenagium_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o passage_n if_o not_o totidem_fw-la verbis_fw-la yet_o in_o substance_n often_o repeat_v of_o he_o in_o my_o judgement_n intimate_v thereby_o that_o practice_n of_o the_o tenant_n curry_v favour_n and_o comply_v with_o their_o lord_n whereof_o in_o tilburiensis_n and_o their_o obtain_n thereby_o to_o better_v their_o estate_n and_o by_o degree_n to_o creep_v out_o of_o villeinage_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o socage_n a_o tenure_n thus_o grow_v to_o that_o latitude_n and_o so_o comprehensive_a as_o it_o help_v to_o make_v that_o dichotomy_n into_o which_o all_o the_o kingdom_n land_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o common_a person_n in_o point_n of_o tenure_n be_v resolve_v chivalry_n be_v the_o other_o now_o be_v of_o such_o note_n a_o little_o further_a enquiry_n after_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n to_o clear_v the_o truth_n in_o both_o will_v not_o do_v amiss_o as_o i_o conceive_v in_o this_o discourse_n of_o tenor_n by_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n of_o our_o lawyer_n derive_v derive_v i_o suppose_v and_o first_o suck_v from_o that_o great_a ornament_n of_o their_o profession_n b._n bracton_n the_o term_n be_v say_v to_o come_v to_o use_v the_o author_n own_o word_n à _fw-la socko_n &_o inâ—e_a tenentes_fw-la quitenent_fw-la in_o sockagiâ—_n sockmanni_n dici_fw-la poterant_fw-la â—o_o quod_fw-la deputati_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la videtur_fw-la tantummodò_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o of_o bracton_n be_v strong_o back_v by_o littleton_n in_o his_o book_n of_o tenor_n where_o treat_v of_o socage_n he_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o such_o tenure_n be_v call_v and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o tenure_n in_o socage_n be_v this_o because_o say_v he_o socagium_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la servitium_fw-la socae_fw-la &_o soca_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la caruca_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o soak_v or_o a_o plough_n in_o ancient_a time_n for_o so_o he_o add_v for_o further_a confirmation_n before_o the_o limitation_n of_o time_n of_o memory_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o tenant_n which_o hold_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o socage_n aught_o to_o come_v with_o their_o plough_n every_o of_o the_o say_a tenant_n for_o certain_a day_n in_o the_o year_n to_o plough_v and_o sow_v the_o demesne_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o for_o that_o such_o work_n be_v do_v for_o the_o livelihood_n and_o sustenance_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o be_v quit_v against_o their_o lord_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n etc._n etc._n and_o because_o that_o such_o service_n be_v do_v with_o their_o plough_n this_o tenure_n be_v call_v tenure_n in_o socage_n etc._n etc._n thus_o littleton_n follow_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o common_a lawyer_n and_o other_o since_o not_o without_o a_o kind_n of_o popular_a error_n as_o under_o favour_n i_o conceive_v and_o with_o
find_v that_o socage-service_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v restrain_v it_o be_v ordinary_a with_o tenant_n in_o socage_n to_o do_v service_n extra_fw-la or_o foris_fw-la socam_fw-la as_o to_o ride_v with_o their_o lord_n from_o manor_n to_o manor_n like_o the_o rodknight_n in_o b._n bracton_n to_o carry_v and_o pay_v rend_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o to_o deliver_v he_o corn_n and_o other_o provision_n at_o his_o granary_n or_o elsewhere_o out_o of_o the_o tenant_n proper_a soak_v and_o the_o like_a in_o which_o respect_n also_o with_o what_o incongruity_n be_v pure_a villein_n call_v sokeman_n since_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o soak_v that_o they_o may_v be_v command_v out_o and_o employ_v abroad_o wheresoever_o the_o lord_n shall_v please_v as_o well_o without_o as_o within_o the_o soak_v change_a therefore_o my_o opinion_n as_o to_o that_o derivation_n and_o look_v further_o back_o to_o that_o other_o the_o former_a sense_n of_o soak_v a_o liberty_n privilege_n immunity_n franchise_n etc._n etc._n i_o resolve_v final_o to_o derive_v and_o fetch_v it_o thence_o and_o thus_o i_o make_v it_o good_a among_o other_o sort_n of_o land_n our_o book_n be_v full_a of_o that_o call_v terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la villein-land_n land_n hold_v in_o villeinage_n servile_a land_n such_o namely_o for_o full_a explanation_n of_o it_o as_o that_o hold_v at_o the_o lord_n will_v both_o for_o time_n and_o service_n in_o both_o respect_n uncertain_o for_o time_n it_o be_v in_o the_o lord_n power_n of_o old_a b._n at_o least_o it_o be_v so_o tempestiuè_fw-la or_o intempestiuè_fw-la to_o revoke_v and_o resume_v the_o same_o out_o of_o the_o villein_n hand_n into_o his_o own_o and_o for_o service_n the_o tenant_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a and_o not_o know_v over_o night_n what_o service_n may_v be_v require_v of_o he_o the_o next_o morning_n he_o may_v also_o have_v great_a or_o lesser_a taxation_n lay_v upon_o he_o at_o his_o lord_n will_v nor_o may_v he_o marry_v his_o daughter_n without_o a_o fine_a to_o his_o lord_n for_o his_o leave_n and_o licence_n &_o ita_fw-la semper_fw-la tenebitur_fw-la ad_fw-la incerta_fw-la say_v my_o author_n now_o to_o defend_v land_n against_o the_o lord_n from_o villeinage_n and_o to_o come_v off_o acquit_v of_o this_o servitude_n and_o servile_a condition_n it_o be_v and_o be_v necessary_a of_o the_o tenant_n part_v to_o show_v a_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n by_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a service_n to_o those_o in_o villeinage_n that_o be_v per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la by_o certain_a express_a definite_a service_n and_o as_o otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o his_o tenure_n be_v villeinage_n so_o hereby_o if_o the_o service_n be_v not_o regal_a or_o military_a it_o be_v as_o clear_o socage_n for_o that_o certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la be_v a_o supersedeas_fw-la to_o villeinage_n and_o do_v make_v it_o to_o become_v socage_n proof_n be_v obvious_a to_o this_o purpose_n consult_v we_o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o num_fw-la 9_o as_o also_o â—od_a cap._n num_fw-la 6._o where_o he_o be_v express_v for_o the_o tenant_n acquital_n from_o all_o other_o service_n some_o be_v express_v in_o the_o charter_n make_v he_o by_o his_o lord_n than_o what_o be_v specify_v therein_o alia_fw-la omne_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la quae_fw-la expressa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la tacitè_fw-fr videntur_fw-la esse_fw-la remissa_fw-la and_o satis_fw-la acquietat_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la specialiter_fw-la non_fw-la onerat_fw-la see_v he_o again_o cod_n lib._n cap._n 36._o num_fw-la 8._o at_o these_o word_n cum_fw-la teneatur_fw-la sockmannus_n defendere_fw-la tenementum_fw-la sâ—um_fw-la erga_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la per_fw-la cerium_fw-la redditum_fw-la in_o pecunia_fw-la numerata_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la quid_fw-la tale_n quod_fw-la tantundem_fw-la valeat_fw-la quae_fw-la consistunt_fw-la in_o pondere_fw-la numero_fw-la vel_fw-la mensura_fw-la in_fw-la solido_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o liquido_fw-la sicut_fw-la frumento_fw-la vino_fw-la oleo_fw-la secundùm_fw-la quod_fw-la redditus_fw-la diversimode_fw-fr accipiuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v recourse_n also_o to_o the_o same_o author_n lib._n 4._o tract_n 1_o cap._n 23._o num_fw-la 5._o at_o these_o word_n dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la servitia_fw-la certa_fw-la sunt_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la incerta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la qualecunque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la tenementum_fw-la tunc_fw-la erit_fw-la villenagium_fw-la etc._n etc._n add_v as_o agreeable_a hereunto_o that_o of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o littleton_n sect._n 120._o to_o tenure_n in_o socage_n say_v he_o câ—rta_fw-la servitia_fw-la do_v ever_o belong_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o term_n of_o law_n expound_v socage_n or_o tenure_n in_o socage_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o bracton_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la to_o wit_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1â—_n num_fw-la 9_o say_v that_o to_o hold_v in_o socage_n be_v to_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n land_n or_o tenement_n yield_v to_o he_o a_o certain_a rent_n by_o the_o year_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n you_o see_v it_o prove_v then_o that_o certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la certain_a service_n so_o they_o be_v not_o military_a make_v a_o socage_n tenure_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v obvious_a viz._n that_o by_o such_o tenure_n per_n cert_v servitia_fw-la the_o tenant_n have_v a_o soak_v a_o privilege_n a_o immunity_n a_o quietus_n est_fw-la as_o from_o villeinage_n in_o general_n so_o from_o all_o villain_n military_a or_o other_o service_n than_o those_o by_o contract_n or_o custom_n 184._o charge_v upon_o he_o a_o soak_v i_o say_v whereunto_o â—gium_fw-la be_v add_v signify_v the_o service_n or_o duty_n to_o be_v return_v for_o that_o privilege_n it_o come_v forth_o socagium_fw-la in_o latin_a socage_n in_o english_a as_o by_o put_v man_n to_o soak_v the_o tenant_n be_v signify_v and_o call_v sokeman_n but_o if_o soak_v here_o carry_v with_o it_o such_o a_o objection_n sense_n of_o immunity_n discharge_v privilege_n etc._n etc._n how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v may_n some_o perchance_o demand_v that_o liberum_fw-la be_v often_o find_v to_o accompany_v socagium_fw-la as_o libre_fw-la also_o do_v socmannus_fw-la for_o answer_v i_o conceive_v to_o solution_n distinguish_v free_a socage_n from_o base_a not_o but_o that_o base_a socage_n have_v its_o privilege_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o as_o be_v hold_v by_o service_n set_v and_o certain_a or_o determinate_a but_o in_o regard_n those_o service_n regular_o consist_v in_o servile_a work_n incident_a to_o villeinage_n the_o tenure_n get_v the_o name_n of_o villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o liberum_fw-la socagium_fw-la acquit_v of_o those_o servile_a work_n and_o consist_v quitrent_n in_o denariis_fw-la from_o hence_o also_o such_o a_o soak_v such_o a_o privilege_n it_o be_v that_o the_o villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la in_o the_o king_n demesne_n be_v turn_v of_o 8._o bracton_n and_o other_o by_o villenagium_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la by_o the_o way_n hence_o judge_v whether_o i_o be_o not_o right_a in_o my_o derivation_n of_o socage_n from_o soc_n soak_v etc._n etc._n a_o privilege_n etc._n etc._n when_o here_o you_o see_v villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la of_o bracton_n and_o other_o render_v by_o villenagium_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la i._n e._n privilege_a villeinage_n it_o be_v time_n now_o that_o we_o inquire_v how_o this_o derivation_n will_v suit_v with_o those_o before_o remember_v tenor_n by_o divine_a service_n in_o frankalmoigne_n fee-ferme_a petite_fw-fr sergeanty_n escuage_z certain_z burgage_n and_o the_o like_a whereto_o i_o answer_v very_o well_o for_o as_o they_o be_v all_o through_o a_o tacit_a discharge_v from_o corporal_a service_n in_o warfare_n excuse_v from_o military_a fee_n or_o tenure_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o express_a tenure_n per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la or_o per_fw-la certum_fw-la redditum_fw-la common_a to_o they_o all_o but_o frankalmoigne_n they_o be_v render_v quit_v and_o free_a of_o villeinage_n and_o consequent_o become_v of_o socage_n tenure_n as_o for_o frankalmoigne_n as_o it_o may_v challenge_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o composition_n of_o socage_n from_o soc_n or_o soak_v and_o agium_fw-la to_o wit_n in_o the_o former_a syllable_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a side_n have_v it_o as_o little_a to_o do_v with_o the_o latter_a because_o such_o tenure_n be_v quit_v of_o all_o service_n whatsoever_o as_o well_o spiritual_a unless_o frankalmoigne_n uncertain_a as_o temporal_a but_o because_o as_o it_o have_v not_o to_o do_v with_o military_a service_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n so_o neither_o with_o villeinage_n on_o the_o other_o and_o have_v its_o privilege_n express_v in_o that_o epithet_n of_o libera_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o socage_n as_o in_o some_o sort_n such_o this_o then_o be_v that_o this_o tenure_n per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la that_o make_v tenure_n by_o divine_a service_n of_o no_o relation_n to_o the_o plough_n to_o become_v socage_n this_o make_v also_o fee-ferme_a a_o mere_a censual_a service_n much_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o which_o among_o
matter_n i_o conceive_v of_o the_o case_n i_o will_v ask_v then_o if_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd-land_n be_v partible_fw-fr quatenus_fw-la gavelkynd_n i_o expect_v no_o other_o than_o a_o affirmative_a answer_n if_o so_o and_o admit_v withal_o that_o such_o property_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n owe_v itself_o to_o a_o custom_n accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n yet_o i_o suppose_v it_o shall_v enjoy_v that_o property_n no_o long_o than_o the_o land_n itself_o continue_v to_o be_v gavelkynd_n which_o some_o hold_v it_o be_v not_o be_v once_o return_v and_o come_v back_o again_o into_o the_o lord_n hand_n the_o king_n especial_o be_v lord_n that_o grant_v it_o out_o in_o gavelkynd_n or_o of_o who_o it_o former_o hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n because_o then_o as_o tut_o cessante_fw-la causâ_fw-la sollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la so_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o unity_n of_o possession_n the_o usu_n fructus_fw-la i_o can_v well_o english_a it_o be_v consolidate_v and_o make_v one_o with_o the_o property_n that_o property_n of_o be_v censual_a land_n which_o gavelkynd_n denote_v and_o which_o can_v be_v intend_v of_o any_o land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n and_o not_o in_o service_n cease_v and_o be_v quite_o extinguish_v there_o be_v require_v to_o make_v the_o land_n censual_a a_o censual_a tenant_n one_o that_o hold_v by_o censual_a service_n such_o as_o here_o be_v none_o especial_o in_o the_o king_n case_n when_o once_o the_o land_n be_v come_v home_o again_o reduce_v to_o its_o first_o principle_n and_o reunite_v to_o what_o like_o fief_n be_v oppose_v to_o service-land_n the_o lord_n inland_n or_o demesne-land_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common_a lord_n or_o to_o the_o crown_n 11._o à _fw-la quo_fw-la omne_fw-la feudamoventur_fw-la &_o â—riuntur_fw-la the_o fountain_n whence_o all_o tenor_n be_v derive_v as_o in_o the_o king_n case_n from_o whence_o by_o the_o let_v it_o out_o in_o gavelkynd_n it_o be_v former_o sever_v to_o this_o purpose_n see_v petri_n gregorii_n tholosani_fw-la syntag._n jur._n univer_v lib._n 6._o cap._n 5._o num_fw-la 11._o but_o of_o this_o also_o hitherto_o for_o i_o hasten_v to_o a_o end_n proposition_n v._n whether_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n 32._o and_o 34._o h._n 8._o gavelkynd-land_n in_o kent_n be_v deviseable_a or_o not_o in_o answer_v whereof_o hold_v with_o those_o which_o resolve_v it_o in_o the_o negative_a howbeit_o for_o my_o part_n not_o study_v partium_fw-la but_o veritatis_fw-la amore_fw-la i_o shall_v oppose_v to_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o contrary_a what_o argument_n be_v bring_v against_o they_o and_o their_o opinion_n in_o a_o case_n of_o mr._n hall_n of_o kent_n verbatim_o as_o i_o find_v they_o publish_v in_o print_n which_o here_o follow_v with_o their_o title_n reason_n and_o authority_n to_o prove_v that_o gavelkind-land_n in_o kent_n be_v not_o nor_o be_v ancient_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n first_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n do_v not_o lie_v of_o land_n which_o be_v deviseable_a by_o testament_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o appear_v by_o divers_a book_n as_o namely_o 4._o edw._n 2._o mortdanc_fw-la 39_o 22._o assiz_n 78._o and_o fitz._n nat._n brevium_fw-la 196._o 1._o but_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n fol._n 276._o b._n that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n will_v lie_v of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n quod_fw-la vide_fw-la in_o itinere_fw-la johannis_n de_fw-fr berewicke_n etc._n etc._n anno_fw-la 21._o edw._n 1._o copia_fw-la fol._n 1_o 7_o 22_o 24._o &_o in_o itinere_fw-la h._n de_fw-fr stanton_n anno_fw-la 6._o edw._n 2._o copia_fw-la fol._n 1_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 13._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n do_v not_o lie_v of_o land_n within_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n because_o land_n be_v there_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o dicto_fw-la itinere_fw-la h._n de_fw-fr stanton_n fol._n 3_o 4_o 6._o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v ancient_o part_v of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n use_v to_o devise_v land_n lie_v within_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n and_o to_o prove_v their_o will_n in_o the_o court_n of_o burgmote_a in_o the_o same_o city_n but_o there_o need_v no_o such_o custom_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n have_v be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n also_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a will_n of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n do_v mention_v feoffee_n of_o the_o land_n devise_v etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o register-book_n of_o will_n at_o canterbury_n and_o at_o rochester_n whereby_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o devisor_n be_v cestuy_a que_fw-fr use_n and_o not_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n devise_v and_o although_o some_o will_n of_o land_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n yet_o there_o be_v feoffee_n of_o the_o same_o land_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n thereof_o and_o twenty_o to_o one_o do_v mention_n feoffee_n etc._n etc._n also_o sir_n john_n fineux_n chief_a justice_n de_fw-fr r._n b._n sir_n robert_n read_v chief_a justice_n de_fw-fr c._n b._n and_o sir_n john_n butler_n justice_n etc._n etc._n devise_v their_o land_n in_o kent_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n and_o make_v mention_n of_o feoffee_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v there_o be_v a_o custom_n to_o devise_v no_o question_n they_o have_v take_v of_o it_o etc._n etc._n also_o many_o ancient_a deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o land_n in_o kent_n refer_v to_o will_n sc_n dedi_fw-la concessi_fw-la etc._n etc._n a._n b._n omne_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o tenementa_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la opus_fw-la &_o usum_fw-la perimplendi_fw-la ultimam_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la meam_fw-la etc._n etc._n also_o there_o be_v will_n to_o be_v find_v of_o land_n in_o diverse_a other_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n whereby_o land_n be_v devise_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n and_o no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o feoffee_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o register-book_n of_o the_o prerogative_n court_n and_o in_o diverse_a other_o place_n and_o yet_o without_o doubt_n they_o bad_a feoffee_n seize_v to_o their_o use_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o they_o can_v noâ—_n there_o devise_v the_o same_o also_o the_o house_n and_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la catalla_fw-la sua_fw-la but_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o all_o the_o socage_n land_n in_o kent_n which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v gavelkind_a shall_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o register_n fol._n 244._o there_o be_v fourteen_o several_a writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la and_o none_o of_o they_o make_v mention_n of_o any_o county_n etc._n etc._n nor_o of_o gavelkind_n but_o secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la or_o secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n the_o devisee_n can_v have_v no_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la because_o there_o be_v none_o before_o who_o the_o action_n or_o writ_n shall_v be_v bring_v etc._n etc._n also_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o perambulation_n write_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o custom_n to_o devise_v land_n nor_o the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o old_a mag._n charta_n fol._n 147._o which_o without_o doubt_n they_o will_v not_o have_v omit_v if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o custom_n etc._n etc._n also_o between_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o h._n 8._o of_o uses_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o of_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n there_o be_v very_o few_o will_n make_v of_o land_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o register-book_n before_o mention_v and_o the_o most_o of_o such_o will_n as_o be_v then_o make_v be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n do_v make_v mention_n of_o feoffee_n also_o the_o common_a practice_n ever_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n have_v be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o will_v be_v make_v void_a for_o a_o three_o part_n by_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o part_n of_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n that_o three_o part_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o heir_n and_o the_o devisee_fw-mi shall_v not_o have_v it_o and_o this_o appear_v by_o special_a livery_n in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n prove_v the_o same_o and_o by_o diverse_a witness_n that_o can_v prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v so_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o sanders_n case_n of_o maidstone_n in_o anno_fw-la 9_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la all_o the_o land_n be_v devise_v by_o will_n and_o after_o the_o will_n be_v avoid_v for_o a_o three_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o a_o small_a
he_o he_o with_o 500_o of_o his_o horseman_n soon_o repel_v they_o force_v their_o retreat_n back_o into_o the_o city_n not_o without_o the_o slaughter_n of_o divers_a by_o the_o way_n this_o action_n be_v follow_v with_o the_o fire_n of_o all_o building_n whatsoever_o behither_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n pass_v over_o which_o the_o conqueror_n remove_v to_o wallingford_n whither_o archbishop_n stigand_n and_o other_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n follow_v he_o and_o desert_v young_a edgar_n make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o conqueror_n receive_v he_o as_o their_o sovereign_n who_o example_n the_o londoner_n soon_o follow_v render_v themselves_o also_o to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o as_o the_o kentish_a man_n have_v do_v deliver_v he_o hostage_n such_o both_o for_o number_n and_o quality_n as_o he_o require_v thus_o gulielmus_fw-la pictavensis_fw-la follow_v as_o i_o say_v by_o ordericus_n vitalis_n a_o writer_n of_o as_o it_o be_v the_o same_o time_n by_o which_o relation_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o conqueror_n intend_v for_o kent_n do_v not_o set_v out_o as_o spot_n insinuate_v from_o london_n or_o those_o part_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a ere_o he_o go_v to_o london_n make_v himself_o sure_a of_o kent_n by_o take_v dover_n castle_n the_o lock_n and_o key_n as_o one_o 3._o call_v it_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n and_o from_o thence_o after_o the_o kentish_a man_n voluntary_a submission_n to_o he_o march_v towards_o london_n now_o from_o the_o silent_a pass_v over_o most_o of_o these_o particular_n in_o other_o writer_n of_o and_o about_o this_o author_n time_n all_o save_v only_a ordericus_n vitalis_n let_v none_o call_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o in_o question_n since_o their_o undertake_n be_v for_o compile_v a_o more_o general_a story_n than_o that_o of_o the_o conqueror_n alone_o who_o therefore_o be_v more_o succinct_a and_o summary_n in_o their_o relation_n advise_o by_o their_o own_o confession_n pretermit_v many_o particular_a passage_n ingulphus_n after_o a_o summary_n relation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n act_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o excuse_v his_o brevity_n thus_o summatim_fw-la namque_fw-la ac_fw-la carptim_fw-la victoriosissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la gesta_fw-la narro_fw-la quia_fw-la secum_fw-la sequi_fw-la annuatim_fw-la passimque_fw-la scribere_fw-la gressus_fw-la suos_fw-la non_fw-la sufficio_fw-la whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a this_o author_n pictavensis_n undertake_v only_o the_o act_n and_o life_n of_o the_o conqueror_n who_o chaplain_n he_o be_v sit_v himself_o to_o exspatiate_v in_o all_o memorable_a occurrence_n beside_o which_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v as_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o credit_n both_o of_o our_o author_n and_o his_o relation_n although_o gemeticensis_n a_o writer_n of_o the_o same_o time_n balk_v the_o most_o of_o these_o passage_n yet_o excuse_v himself_o also_o for_o his_o study_a brevity_n he_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o our_o author_n for_o full_a intelligence_n make_v mention_n of_o his_o story_n like_a as_o ordericus_n vitalis_n also_o do_v with_o great_a applause_n in_o these_o word_n â—4â—_n his_o per_fw-la anticipationem_fw-la breviter_fw-la intimatis_fw-la ad_fw-la finem_fw-la gestorum_fw-la willelmi_n regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o ducis_fw-la normannorum_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la fastidio_fw-la lectorum_fw-la compendiosè_fw-la consulentes_fw-la quaedam_fw-la persâ—rinximus_fw-la veniamus_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la verò_fw-la plenius_fw-la illa_fw-la nosse_fw-la desiderat_fw-la librum_fw-la willelmi_n pictavensis_fw-la luxoviorum_fw-la archidiaconi_fw-la eadem_fw-la gesta_fw-la sicut_fw-la copiosè_fw-la ita_fw-la eloquenti_fw-la sermone_fw-la affatim_fw-la continentem_fw-la legate_n of_o who_o ordericus_n vitalis_n sin_n further_o thus_o ipse_fw-la siquidem_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regis_fw-la capellanus_fw-la longo_fw-la tempore_fw-la extitit_fw-la &_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la oculis_fw-la suis_fw-la viderit_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la interfuerit_fw-la longo_fw-la relatu_fw-la vel_fw-la copioso_fw-la indubitanter_fw-la enucleare_fw-la studuit_fw-la thus_o far_o then_o in_o way_n of_o refutation_n of_o spot_n story_n in_o gross_a or_o in_o the_o general_a a_o mere_a monkish_a sigment_n i_o conceive_v politic_o devise_v and_o with_o a_o design_n to_o bring_v a_o perpetual_a obligation_n on_o the_o kentish_a man_n to_o his_o own_o abbey_n as_o owe_v forsooth_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n partly_o to_o a_o quondam_a abbot_n of_o the_o place_n even_o much_o such_o another_o as_o that_o of_o the_o devil_n attempt_v upon_o s._n pancras_n chapel_n to_o overturn_v it_o whereof_o in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o canterbury_n pag._n 61_o smell_v too_o much_o of_o the_o legend_n and_o invent_v doubtless_o for_o the_o great_a glory_n of_o the_o abbey_n now_o descend_v we_o to_o the_o result_n of_o the_o story_n and_o the_o inference_n upon_o that_o meeting_n make_v by_o spot_n and_o archiep._n his_o follower_n which_o in_o short_a be_v that_o hence_o or_o hereupon_o kent_n receive_v her_o pristine_a privilege_n instance_v some_o of_o they_o in_o gavelkynd_n for_o one_o and_o particular_o that_o hence_o as_o former_o kent_n participate_v in_o common_a with_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o that_o point_n have_v no_o villein_n so_o by_o that_o mean_n from_o henceforth_o by_o a_o singular_a privilege_n above_o other_o county_n it_o never_o have_v any_o indeed_o which_o i_o note_v as_o adminicular_a to_o this_o assertion_n among_o the_o article_n by_o which_o the_o auditor_n of_o our_o cathedral_n be_v to_o take_v account_n of_o the_o bailive_n of_o that_o church_n manor_n out_o of_o kent_n record_v in_o a_o old_a lieger_n there_o these_o be_v some_o 1._o de_fw-fr censâ—riis_fw-la nativorum_fw-la quod_fw-la possint_fw-la exire_fw-la tenuram_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la laborandum_fw-la &_o operandum_fw-la extra_fw-la &_o statim_fw-la post_fw-la operaredire_fw-la 2._o de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la nativor_fw-la profiliabus_fw-la suis_fw-la maritandis_fw-la infra_fw-la tenuram_fw-la domini_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la nativor_fw-la postmortem_fw-la patrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la quod_fw-la possint_fw-la habere_fw-la terras_fw-la quas_fw-la pâ—tres_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la tenendas_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la maneriâ—rum_fw-la whereas_o in_o the_o like_a article_n for_o the_o manor_n in_o kent_n not_o one_o of_o these_o occur_v but_o as_o if_o improper_a for_o the_o manor_n of_o that_o county_n all_o be_v quite_o omit_v to_o the_o manifest_a confirmation_n of_o spot_n acquit_v kent_n of_o villein_n and_o villeinage_n true_o i_o confess_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v as_o to_o those_o day_n the_o time_n i_o mean_v when_o those_o article_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n which_o judge_v of_o their_o age_n by_o their_o character_n seem_v to_o be_v about_o edw._n 2._o day_n but_o that_o there_o be_v none_o at_o or_o after_o the_o conquest_n the_o point_n in_o issue_n be_v under_o favour_n a_o assertion_n little_o true_a if_o not_o full_o as_o false_a as_o that_o other_o of_o his_o concern_v the_o composition_n with_o the_o conqueror_n for_o proof_n whereof_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o hubert_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n kent_n in_o king_n john_n time_n his_o acquit_v both_o his_o own_o and_o the_o monk_n possession_n among_o other_o burden_n from_o that_o of_o hubert_n villeinage_n because_o possible_o this_o privilege_n may_v concern_v their_o possession_n elsewhere_o and_o not_o in_o kent_n i_o appeal_v to_o a_o writ_n of_o king_n edw._n 2._o anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la septimo_fw-la to_o the_o assessor_n of_o a_o ten_o and_o fifteen_o in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o spot_n own_o abbey_n st._n augustine_n and_o his_o villein_n whereof_o you_o may_v find_v a_o copy_n in_o the_o appendix_n here_o scripture_n 15._o follow_v with_o another_o of_o a_o very_a rare_a deed_n or_o charter_n of_o about_o h._n 3._o time_n take_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n chartulary_a of_o the_o very_a same_o abbey_n now_o remain_v with_o sir_n thomas_n cotton_n which_o i_o must_v confess_v to_o owe_v to_o the_o courâ—esâ—e_n of_o my_o late_a learned_a friend_n sir_n simonds_n d'ewes_n clear_o show_v villeinage_n to_o have_v obtain_v and_o take_v place_n in_o kent_n and_o even_o in_o our_o gavelkynd_n a_o tenant_n to_o that_o abbey_n of_o certain_a land_n in_o gavelkynd_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o abbot_n there_o for_o the_o same_o express_o as_o for_o villeinage_n and_o covenant_v to_o perform_v as_o much_o service_n to_o his_o lord_n as_o to_o the_o same_o villeinage_n appertein_v as_o by_o the_o deed_n which_o whether_o i_o shall_v more_o value_v for_o itself_o or_o for_o the_o hand_n sake_n that_o reach_v it_o to_o i_o be_v with_o i_o some_o question_n more_o full_o may_v appear_v scripture_n 16._o add_v hereunto_o that_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o cap._n 76._o make_v mention_n of_o villani_n in_o kent_n differentia_fw-la tamen_fw-la weregildi_n multa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o cantia_n villanorum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la so_o that_o chapter_n be_v conclude_v to_o ascend_v yet_o high_o in_o domesday-book_n and_o in_o the_o kentish_a survey_n there_o villani_n frequent_o occur_v by_o which_o if_o after_o the_o common_a opinion_n
of_o modern_a and_o some_o elder_a lawyer_n bondman_n such_o as_o of_o latter_a time_n and_o at_o this_o day_n we_o call_v villein_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v but_o rather_o after_o the_o 169._o mirroir_n cultivers_n the_o fief_a demorant_n en_fw-fr village_n uplande_n car_fw-fr de_fw-fr will_v est_fw-la dit_fw-fr villain_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o fitzherberts_n expression_n base_a tenant_n qui_fw-fr fesoit_fw-fr villain_n service_n mes_fw-fr ne_fw-fr fuit_fw-la pas_fw-fr villain_n i_fw-it e._n a_o base_a tenant_n that_o do_v villain_n service_n but_o nevertheless_o be_v no_o villain_n then_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o all_o doubt_n know_v that_o beside_o villani_n you_o may_v withal_o find_v and_o that_o in_o divers_a several_a manor_n too_o in_o that_o kentish_a survey_n particular_o in_o the_o bishop_n and_o church_n of_o rochester_n manor_n of_o southfleet_n stone_n falkham_n woldham_n trottesclyve_fw-mi snodeland_n halling_n frendâ—bery_n etc._n etc._n express_v mention_n of_o servi_n which_o of_o all_o kent_n hand_n be_v confess_v to_o denote_v man_n of_o servile_a condition_n bondman_n or_o bondslave_n villein_n and_o take_v along_o with_o you_o this_o note_n by_o the_o way_n that_o the_o pretend_a composition_n in_o spot_n by_o which_o he_o will_v have_v kent_n for_o the_o future_a conserve_v in_o her_o immunity_n from_o villeinage_n do_v for_o many_o year_n antedate_v the_o time_n of_o this_o survey_n that_o pretend_v to_o the_o conqueror_n first_o come_v in_o this_o not_o beginning_n at_o the_o soon_o until_o about_o fourteen_o year_n after_o i_o may_v follow_v this_o with_o some_o pregnant_a passage_n to_o this_o purpose_n such_o namely_o as_o that_o in_o the_o old_a cant._n custumal_a of_o ickham_n manor_n in_o east_n kent_n et_fw-la isti_fw-la cotarii_fw-la nusquam_fw-la capient_fw-la auram_fw-la nisi_fw-la apud_fw-la ickham_n vel_fw-la brembling_a such_o second_o as_o that_o in_o a_o like_o ancient_a cant._n custumal_a of_o tenham_n manor_n quaelibet_fw-la coteria_n tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la &_o debet_fw-la metere_fw-la 8_o acras_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la facieâ—t_fw-la quicquit_v serviens_fw-la de_fw-la manerio_fw-la praeceperit_fw-la such_o three_o and_o chief_o as_o that_o in_o the_o cantuar._n will_n of_o one_o sir_n william_n septvans_n knight_n sometime_o owner_n of_o milton_n near_o canterbury_n date_a anno_o 1407_o item_n lego_n adam_n standard_n thomae_fw-la hamonde_fw-fr roberto_n standerde_v roberto_n chirche_n &_o johanni_n richesforde_n seruis_fw-la &_o nativis_fw-la meis_fw-la pro_fw-la bonâ—_n servitio_fw-la mihi_fw-la ab_fw-la eisdem_fw-la facto_fw-la nativi_fw-la plenam_fw-la libertatem_fw-la &_o volo_fw-la quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la eorundem_fw-la habeat_fw-la cartam_fw-la manumissionis_fw-la sigillo_fw-la meo_fw-la signatam_fw-la in_fw-la testimonium_fw-la hujâ—smodi_fw-la meae_fw-la ultimae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la i_o may_v add_v that_o what_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o probability_n of_o spot_n story_n be_v add_v viz._n that_o hereupon_o the_o king_n so_o stomach_v the_o archbishop_n as_o to_o put_v he_o by_o his_o place_n and_o office_n in_o his_o coronation_n have_v no_o support_n or_o warrant_v from_o any_o story_n of_o those_o time_n all_o which_o with_o gervasius_n dorobornensis_n a_o monk_n of_o his_o own_o church_n agree_v in_o the_o yield_n and_o render_v other_o reason_n hereof_o chief_o his_o be_v interdict_v his_o episcopal_a function_n for_o invade_v the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n robert_z the_o archbishop_n be_v yet_o alive_a and_o undeprive_v and_o hold_v it_o and_o winchester_n both_o together_o which_o be_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n four_o year_n before_o wolstane_n the_o elect_a of_o worcester_n refuse_v to_o be_v consecrate_v bishop_n by_o he_o and_o be_v sacred_a by_o aldred_n the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n as_o the_o monk_n of_o worcester_n and_o westminster_n have_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1062._o but_o to_o keep_v to_o our_o villeinage_n which_o apparent_o be_v traceable_a in_o kent_n sithence_o the_o norman_a conquest_n nor_o indeed_o seem_v it_o to_o have_v be_v otherwise_o here_o in_o this_o particular_a oâ—_n bondman_n or_o villein_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n witness_n beside_o the_o mention_n of_o such_o in_o the_o roffen_v saxon_a law_n of_o ethelbert_n lothaire_n and_o eadric_n all_o kentish_a king_n a_o old_a saxon_a tripartite_a deed_n or_o charter_n purport_v a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n which_o because_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o exemplify_v the_o manner_n of_o espousal_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n and_o be_v a_o great_a illustration_n to_o a_o model_n or_o constitution_n of_o that_o nature_n exhibit_v of_o late_a by_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n council_n tom_n 1._o pag._n 425._o and_o mr._n whelock_n in_o his_o late_a edition_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n pag._n 60._o i_o shall_v tender_v it_o to_o common_a perusal_n from_o that_o part_n of_o it_o leave_v and_o lay_v up_o at_o christchurch_n transcribe_v it_o in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 17._o before_o i_o proceed_v have_v make_v mention_n of_o that_o constitution_n touch_v the_o manner_n and_o right_n of_o espousal_n let_v i_o so_o fair_o occasion_v with_o excuse_n for_o the_o digression_n help_v to_o rectify_v the_o edition_n with_o some_o animadversion_n which_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v much_o to_o want_v in_o the_o saxon_a especial_o first_o then_o i_o conceive_v the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n in_o the_o saxon_a copy_n viz._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o belong_v to_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n or_o article_n aught_o to_o be_v take_v thence_o and_o place_v as_o the_o very_a last_o word_n of_o that_o precedent_a article_n and_o so_o we_o be_v to_o read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o according_a to_o the_o latin_a copy_n &_o plegâ—ent_n rather_o â—ide_v jubeant_fw-la hoâ—_n amici_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o the_o next_o or_o second_o article_n i_o conceive_v the_o two_o last_o word_n there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d belong_v to_o the_o next_o the_o three_o article_n which_o consequent_o be_v to_o begin_v theâ—e_n as_o imperfect_a be_v that_o article_n in_o the_o end_n as_o in_o the_o beginning_n want_v to_o perfect_v it_o the_o whole_a first_o line_n of_o the_o next_o the_o four_o article_n viz._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o all_o which_o i_o say_v belong_v to_o the_o precedent_a article_n the_o four_o be_v to_o begin_v at_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o i_o conceive_v not_o well_o turn_v as_o in_o the_o new_a version_n there_o by_o â—i_fw-la quidem_fw-la eveâ—iat_fw-la be_v rather_o under_o favour_n thus_o to_o be_v render_v si_fw-la sic_fw-la conveniat_fw-la and_o thâ—s_v indeed_o run_v the_o old_a version_n in_o the_o precedent_a page_n and_o so_o to_o pass_v by_o some_o intervening_a literal_a mistake_n be_v that_o in_o the_o close_a of_o the_o six_o article_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o satisâ—ationemque_fw-la accipiant_fw-la de_fw-la celebrandis_fw-la â—uptiis_fw-la the_o old_a version_n here_o be_v et_fw-la excipiat_fw-la inde_fw-la plegium_fw-la qui_fw-la jus_o habet_fw-la in_o vadio_fw-la i_o once_o pitch_v upon_o this_o version_n satisdationemque_fw-la inde_fw-la a_o cipiant_n qui_fw-la sponsalia_fw-la ordinaverint_fw-la i._n e._n paranympâ—i_n but_o leave_v that_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n by_o what_o be_v premise_v i_o conceive_v we_o have_v ground_n enough_o to_o conclude_v against_o what_o spot_n singular_o deliver_v touch_v the_o conqueror_n and_o kentish_a man_n meeting_n with_o the_o manner_n product_v and_o result_v of_o it_o and_o consequent_o what_o be_v build_v upon_o it_o our_o county_n retain_v her_o gavelkynd-custome_n and_o privilege_n by_o mean_n thereof_o but_o after_o this_o pull_n down_o with_o one_o hand_n to_o help_v build_v up_o another_o while_n with_o other_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o liberty_n that_o especial_o of_o partition_n the_o more_o eminent_a property_n in_o gavelkynd_n thus_o uncertain_a let_v we_o inquire_v into_o the_o carriage_n of_o affair_n of_o this_o nature_n about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n when_o they_o say_v we_o obtain_v to_o preserve_v and_o continue_v this_o among_o the_o rest_n by_o composition_n with_o the_o conqueror_n while_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v deprive_v oâ—_n it_o i_o say_v deprive_v because_o as_o juâ—_n privatio_fw-la praesupponit_fw-la habitum_fw-la so_o those_o who_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o national_a custom_n first_o induce_v by_o the_o saxon_n and_o by_o they_o traduce_v from_o the_o german_n intend_v by_o taâ—itus_n in_o his_o haeredes_fw-la successoresque_fw-la svi_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o afterward_o incorporate_v into_o our_o law_n by_o 75._o king_n canâ—â—us_n inheritance_n descend_v and_o be_v partible_a after_o the_o nature_n and_o manner_n of_o our_o gavelkynd_n at_o this_o day_n so_o of_o late_a among_o other_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n verb_n gauâ—lâ—â—um_fw-la daniel_n in_o his_o