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book_n find_v great_a time_n 2,975 5 3.1999 3 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A59232 The method to science by J.S. Sergeant, John, 1622-1707. 1696 (1696) Wing S2579; ESTC R18009 222,011 463

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principle_n of_o his_o cogito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la and_o triumph_n mighty_o with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o his_o have_v find_v it_o against_o which_o procedure_n wave_v here_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o it_o book_n 2._o lesle_n 4._o i_o have_v divers_a exception_n as_o irrational_a in_o many_o respect_n for_o first_o he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v make_v that_o inference_n or_o have_v find_v that_o first_o principle_n at_o the_o very_a beginning_n when_o he_o make_v his_o first_o doubt_n since_o dubito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la be_v full_a as_o conclusive_a of_o his_o own_o existence_n as_o cogito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la can_v be_v pretend_v to_o be_v nor_o can_v any_o reason_n be_v give_v why_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la dubitans_fw-la do_v not_o include_v in_o it_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la do_v and_o cartesius_n himself_o medit_n 3d._a confess_v the_o same_o express_o to_o
a_o good_a man_n here_o who_o be_v proper_o move_v will_v act_v towards_o one_o that_o petition_n he_o corol._n iu._n hence_o also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n we_o can_v use_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o its_o attribute_n be_v in_o the_o high_a manner_n metaphorical_a and_o improper_a for_o since_o we_o can_v no_o other_o wise_a name_n or_o speak_v of_o a_o thing_n but_o as_o we_o conceive_v it_o and_o all_o our_o conception_n be_v notion_n take_v from_o natural_a object_n and_o only_o say_v of_o they_o with_o propriety_n and_o no_o otherwise_o say_v of_o create_a spirit_n but_o only_o metaphorical_o and_o that_o god_n infinite_a perfection_n do_v far_o more_o excel_v create_v spirit_n than_o those_o spirit_n do_v body_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n we_o can_v make_v use_n of_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o its_o attribute_n be_v in_o the_o high_a manner_n metaphorical_a and_o improper_a as_o may_v be_v far_o show_v in_o metaphysic_n 12._o the_o word_n ens_fw-la as_o apply_v to_o substantial_a and_o accidental_a notion_n be_v of_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o equivocal_a word_n and_o analogical_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o be_v first_o and_o proper_o of_o substance_n and_o secondary_o or_o improper_o of_o accident_n for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v above_o ens_fw-la signify_v capable_a of_o be_v and_o none_o of_o the_o accident_n be_v of_o itself_o capable_a of_o be_v but_o only_o come_v to_o have_v some_o title_n to_o existence_n by_o the_o substance_n from_o who_o be_v they_o have_v entire_o all_o the_o be_v they_o have_v and_o that_o its_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o word_n ens_fw-la must_v be_v analogical_o say_v of_o they_o that_o be_v proper_o of_o substance_n and_o improper_o of_o accident_n 13._o since_o it_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v say_v hitherto_o that_o the_o equivocation_n of_o word_n be_v most_o high_o prejudicial_a to_o science_n it_o be_v one_o necessary_a part_n of_o of_o the_o method_n to_o science_n to_o detect_v the_o snare_n it_o lay_v in_o the_o way_n of_o our_o discourse_n that_o we_o may_v avoid_v they_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v 14._o first_o by_o observe_v the_o explication_n we_o make_v of_o the_o word_n that_o be_v apply_v to_o different_a notion_n that_o so_o we_o may_v know_v which_o be_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o it_o for_o by_o do_v this_o we_o shall_v certain_o find_v that_o the_o less_o proper_a notion_n when_o the_o word_n be_v explicate_v will_v still_o include_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o proper_a one_o and_o bear_v up_o to_o it_o as_o if_o we_o will_v explicate_v the_o word_n strong_a as_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o ale_n or_o wine_n we_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o say_v if_o we_o be_v put_v to_o express_v ourselves_o literal_o and_o tell_v what_o it_o mean_v that_o as_o he_o be_v call_v a_o strong_a man_n who_o be_v able_a to_o overthrow_v his_o enemy_n so_o we_o call_v wine_n or_o beer_n strong_a when_o it_o be_v able_a to_o overpower_v our_o brain_n or_o if_o we_o call_v a_o man_n hard-hearted_a it_o will_v be_v explicate_v thus_o that_o his_o humour_n be_v as_o hard_a and_o inflexible_a consider_v the_o temper_n of_o a_o rational_a creature_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v move_v by_o reason_n as_o hard_a thing_n which_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o bend_v be_v among_o natural_a body_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o sometime_o call_v such_o man_n stonyhearted_n or_o iron-hearted_a in_o both_o which_o we_o see_v that_o strength_n be_v proper_o in_o man_n and_o hardness_n in_o such_o body_n as_o stone_n or_o iron_n and_o improper_o in_o wine_n or_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o word_n pilot_n apply_v to_o a_o governor_n in_o moved_n apply_v to_o god_n in_o healthful_a to_o meat_n or_o urine_n thus_o the_o word_n religious_a honour_n worship_n or_o respect_n be_v first_o and_o proper_o apprehend_v as_o belong_v or_o due_a to_o god_n the_o sole_a end_n and_o author_n of_o all_o religion_n and_o analogical_o or_o improper_o to_o holy_a person_n either_o on_o earth_n or_o in_o heaven_n as_o his_o servant_n and_o to_o sacred_a book_n picture_n and_o church_n as_o either_o cause_v exciting_a increase_v or_o belong_v to_o the_o religious_a honour_n due_a proper_o to_o he_o alone_o whence_o religious_a honour_n give_v to_o any_o other_o thing_n can_v be_v explicate_v but_o in_o reference_n to_o god_n the_o only_a proper_a object_n of_o religion_n which_o therefore_o will_v be_v find_v include_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o that_o religious_a honour_n which_o be_v give_v to_o any_o thing_n else_o and_o yet_o what_o endless_a squabble_n contest_v and_o animosity_n have_v this_o one_o equivocation_n produce_v while_o passionate_a or_o ignorant_a man_n will_v needs_o take_v the_o word_n religious_a when_o speak_v of_o those_o different_a thing_n to_o be_v vnivocal_a which_o be_v most_o clear_o analogical_a 15._o the_o next_o way_n be_v to_o observe_v the_o notion_n any_o way_n connect_v in_o our_o common_a speech_n with_o that_o word_n who_o equivocalness_n we_o doubt_v of_o that_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o cause_n effect_n antecedent_n consequent_n contrary_n its_o superior_a and_o inferior_a notion_n its_o circumstance_n etc._n etc._n for_o if_o some_o or_o any_o of_o these_o do_v not_o agree_v to_o the_o mean_v of_o any_o word_n when_o speak_v of_o more_o thing_n or_o find_v in_o diverse_a context_n than_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a it_o be_v speak_v in_o diverse_a sense_n and_o be_v equivocal_a and_o then_o by_o the_o forego_n rule_n we_o may_v certain_o come_v to_o know_v its_o proper_a signification_n so_o in_o the_o notion_n of_o religious_a honour_n apply_v to_o god_n as_o proper_o due_a to_o he_o and_o adoration_n of_o he_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o which_o be_v a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n of_o he_o to_o be_v our_o creator_n redeemer_n sanctifier_n the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n the_o searcher_n of_o heart_n and_o judge_n of_o all_o our_o action_n etc._n etc._n none_o of_o these_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v connect_v or_o agree_v to_o any_o of_o the_o other_o improper_o call_v object_n of_o religious_a worship_n so_o when_o we_o style_v any_o eminent_a person_n for_o learning_n a_o great_a man_n we_o shall_v easy_o find_v it_o be_v equivocal_a and_o improper_a because_o greatness_n mean_v in_o proper_a speech_n much_o of_o quantity_n and_o have_v that_o common_a head_n for_o its_o genus_fw-la whereas_o a_o very_a little_a man_n in_o quantity_n may_v be_v great_a in_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o mean_v it_o 16._o the_o three_o way_n be_v to_o attend_v to_o what_o true_a science_n or_o faith_n teach_v we_o for_o since_o one_o truth_n can_v contradict_v another_o therefore_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o in_o case_n we_o be_v certain_a that_o what_o the_o writer_n mean_v be_v true_a his_o word_n must_v be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o true_a science_n or_o faith_n hence_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n make_v two_o great_a light_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o science_n that_o other_o star_n be_v incomparable_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n hence_o the_o word_n great_a light_n in_o that_o place_n can_v be_v mean_v of_o great_a in_o itself_o but_o as_o to_o their_o appearance_n to_o we_o but_o care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v that_o we_o have_v true_a science_n of_o the_o thing_n express_v by_o such_o word_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o such_o as_o exceed_v our_o pitch_n of_o knowledge_n 17._o the_o context_n may_v help_v much_o to_o give_v we_o the_o right_a notion_n of_o the_o word_n especial_o when_o the_o literal_a truth_n be_v aim_v at_o axiom_n and_o evident_a principle_n be_v lay_v and_o the_o discourse_n be_v perfect_o connect_v or_o coherent_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o symmetry_n find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a discourse_n forbid_v any_o word_n to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o wrong_a signification_n as_o we_o experience_n in_o mathematics_n and_o other_o close_a discourse_n 18._o the_o intention_n of_o the_o author_n and_o the_o argument_n and_o scope_n of_o the_o book_n avail_n much_o to_o direct_v we_o to_o the_o right_a sense_n of_o those_o word_n in_o it_o which_o be_v most_o material_a and_o significant_a for_o the_o notion_n mean_v by_o such_o word_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o step_n which_o lie_v level_v all_o the_o way_n and_o lead_v to_o the_o end_n at_o which_o the_o author_n aim_v they_o and_o therefore_o can_v easy_o permit_v a_o deviation_n from_o their_o true_a sense_n or_o suffer_v their_o mean_v to_o be_v mistake_v 19_o the_o word_n in_o which_o law_n be_v conceive_v be_v best_a interpret_v by_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o those_o
continue_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o bring_v the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o down_o to_o our_o time_n 25._o practice_n if_o frequent_a and_o obligatory_a to_o be_v continue_v will_v most_o certain_o bring_v down_o the_o tradition_n of_o former_a matter_n of_o fact_n this_o be_v evident_a for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o the_o horrid_a powder_n treason_n shall_v ever_o be_v forget_v if_o the_o anniversary_n of_o they_o have_v a_o continue_v obligation_n of_o celebrate_v such_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o once_o a_o year_n much_o more_o be_v such_o practice_n often_o repeat_v 26._o such_o a_o tradition_n of_o such_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v equal_o certain_a though_o the_o thing_n attest_v have_v happen_v some_o thousand_o of_o year_n ago_o as_o if_o it_o have_v happen_v but_o a_o hundred_o year_n since_o for_o since_o it_o be_v equal_o easy_a for_o the_o succeed_a age_n to_o understand_v the_o attester_n witness_v still_o all_o along_o that_o they_o have_v be_v tell_v it_o as_o it_o be_v to_o understand_v the_o first_o attester_n relate_v they_o have_v see_v it_o their_o testimony_n as_o far_o as_o concern_v their_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v transmit_v have_v equal_a force_n as_o have_v the_o first_o attestation_n and_o since_o the_o will_n of_o the_o intermediate_n attester_n have_v the_o same_o object_n viz._n a_o apparent_a good_a which_o they_o can_v not_o desert_n or_o go_v against_o or_o act_v without_o it_o and_o a_o evident_a impossibility_n can_v not_o be_v a_o apparent_a good_a and_o it_o be_v equal_o act_v for_o a_o evident_a impossibility_n to_o conspire_v to_o say_v they_o have_v such_o a_o thing_n universal_o testify_v to_o they_o by_o their_o forefather_n or_o to_o hope_v to_o gain_v belief_n of_o it_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o attest_v their_o veracity_n in_o attest_v they_o thus_o receive_v it_o be_v no_o less_o assure_v wherefore_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v put_v all_o along_o in_o each_o succeed_a age_n as_o be_v at_o the_o first_o the_o same_o effect_n of_o deliver_v it_o down_o with_o the_o same_o certainty_n must_v still_o be_v continue_v though_o for_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n 27._o no_o dead_a testimony_n or_o history_n have_v any_o authority_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o live_v testimony_n or_o tradition_n for_o since_o falsehood_n may_v be_v write_v or_o print_v as_o well_o as_o truth_n it_o follow_v that_o nothing_o be_v therefore_o of_o any_o authority_n because_o it_o be_v write_v or_o print_v wherefore_o no_o book_n or_o history_n can_v authenticate_v another_o book_n whence_o follow_v that_o if_o it_o have_v any_o authority_n it_o must_v have_v it_o from_o live_a authority_n or_o tradition_n continue_v down_o to_o we_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o world_n from_o the_o time_n that_o author_n write_v or_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n it_o relate_v be_v do_v that_o the_o thing_n it_o relate_v be_v true_a in_o the_o main_a and_o consequent_o that_o the_o book_n that_o relate_v they_o deserve_v credit_n or_o be_v as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v a_o authentic_a history_n for_o example_n have_v a_o romance_n sober_o pen_v and_o curtius_n history_n be_v find_v in_o a_o trunk_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n after_o they_o be_v write_v and_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o former_a age_n have_v be_v perfect_o silent_a concern_v they_o both_o and_o the_o matter_n they_o relate_v we_o must_v either_o have_v take_v both_o of_o they_o for_o a_o romance_n or_o both_o for_o a_o true_a history_n be_v destitute_a of_o any_o light_n to_o make_v the_o least_o difference_n between_o they_o 28._o tradition_n not_o only_o authenticate_v book_n in_o the_o bulk_n but_o it_o give_v moreover_o the_o distinct_a degree_n of_o credibility_n to_o divers_a passage_n in_o the_o same_o book_n already_o authenticated_a in_o gross_a for_o no_o wise_a man_n can_v give_v the_o same_o degree_n of_o credibility_n to_o alexander_n cut_v the_o gordian_a knot_n or_o to_o his_o speak_v such_o and_o such_o word_n to_o hephaestion_n or_o parmenio_n as_o he_o be_v force_v to_o give_v to_o his_o conquest_n of_o asia_n and_o why_o all_o of_o they_o be_v equal_o in_o the_o book_n certain_o because_o the_o latter_a be_v visible_a remarkable_a and_o of_o great_a concern_v to_o innumerable_a attester_n of_o it_o at_o first_o so_o vast_a a_o source_n of_o original_a attester_n do_v consequent_o carry_v down_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o huge_o notorious_a with_o a_o vast_a sway_n whereas_o the_o other_o be_v particular_n of_o small_a concern_v or_o note_v and_o see_v or_o hear_v but_o by_o a_o few_o at_o first_o want_v a_o strong_a tradition_n to_o recommend_v they_o for_o certain_a truth_n whence_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v they_o be_v ground_v and_o write_v upon_o hear-say_n as_o our_o news_n and_o many_o particular_a action_n and_o say_n of_o great_a man_n be_v now_o adays_o which_o oftentimes_o prove_v false_a 29._o hence_o appear_v that_o historical_a faith_n mere_o as_o historical_n that_o be_v in_o passage_n vnabet_v by_o tradition_n be_v not_o absolute_o certain_a but_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v false_a or_o erroneous_a and_o so_o be_v not_o without_o some_o degree_n of_o levity_n to_o be_v absolute_o assent_v to_o though_o we_o can_v general_o with_o prudence_n contradict_v they_o but_o let_v they_o pass_v as_o if_o they_o be_v truth_n till_o some_o good_a occasion_n awaken_v our_o doubt_n of_o they_o the_o reason_n be_v give_v in_o our_o last_o paragraph_n from_o this_o that_o all_o particular_n be_v of_o slight_a credit_n that_o be_v not_o abet_v by_o a_o large_a and_o wellgrounded_n tradition_n 30._o tradition_n thus_o qualify_v as_o be_v abovesaid_a viz._n so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v certain_o experience_v by_o very_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o first_o attester_n that_o they_o be_v of_o great_a or_o universal_a concern_v and_o so_o prompt_v they_o still_o to_o relate_v they_o to_o the_o next_o age_n that_o they_o be_v abet_v by_o some_o obligatory_a practice_n and_o last_o impossible_a to_o gain_v a_o belief_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v and_o thence_o oblige_v the_o attester_n to_o veracity_n such_o a_o tradition_n i_o say_v be_v more_o than_o moral_o that_o be_v absolute_o certain_a to_o omit_v the_o forego_n reason_n which_o have_v evince_v the_o force_n of_o each_o of_o these_o particular_n this_o will_v be_v evident_o see_v or_o rather_o experiential_o feel_v by_o reflect_v on_o our_o own_o interior_a and_o by_o observe_v how_o nature_n work_v in_o mankind_n and_o force_n they_o to_o assent_v firm_o to_o the_o point_n which_o such_o a_o tradition_n recommend_v and_o to_o suspend_v as_o to_o the_o other_o for_o instance_n let_v we_o take_v some_o particular_a that_o be_v only_o moral_o certain_a as_o that_o i_o shall_v not_o die_v this_o night_n or_o that_o when_o i_o walk_v abroad_o a_o tile_n shall_v not_o fall_v from_o a_o house_n and_o kill_v i_o or_o that_o the_o house_n i_o live_v in_o shall_v not_o fall_v down_o and_o crush_v i_o or_o such_o like_a i_o find_v at_o first_o sight_n that_o these_o be_v high_o unlikely_a because_o it_o very_o seldom_o happen_v and_o many_o reason_n may_v occur_v why_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v yet_o if_o i_o severe_o call_v to_o account_v my_o most_o serious_a and_o deliberate_a thought_n to_o find_v any_o absolute_o certain_a reason_n why_o that_o may_v not_o happen_v to_o i_o which_o have_v happen_v to_o other_o i_o shall_v perceive_v that_o i_o can_v find_v none_o such_o whence_o i_o can_v entertain_v some_o degree_n of_o suspense_n whether_o it_o may_v not_o possible_o happen_v to_o i_o or_o no_o which_o restrain_v i_o from_o assent_v absolute_o that_o it_o will_v not_o this_o due_o reflect_v on_o let_v we_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o another_o particular_a to_o be_v scan_v likewise_o by_o our_o most_o strictly-examining_a thought_n viz._n whether_o there_o be_v a_o henry_n the_o 8_o the_o a_o julius_n caesar_n or_o that_o alexander_n conquer_v asia_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o our_o examination_n let_v we_o again_o consult_v our_o thought_n and_o put_v on_o the_o most_o sceptical_a disquisitiveness_n we_o be_v able_a to_o find_v out_o some_o reason_n why_o these_o may_v not_o possible_o be_v false_a as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o may_v and_o in_o despite_n of_o all_o our_o most_o exact_a search_n and_o our_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o put_v ourselves_o upon_o doubt_v of_o these_o say_a particular_n we_o shall_v still_o find_v the_o affirmative_a of_o each_o of_o they_o write_v in_o our_o breast_n in_o such_o indelible_a character_n and_o so_o solid_o imprint_v there_o by_o nature_n i_o say_v by_o nature_n for_o that_o certainty_n be_v not_o acquire_v by_o study_n and_o speculation_n that_o we_o can_v never_o be_v able_a to_o invent_v any_o kind_n of_o