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book_n find_v great_a time_n 2,975 5 3.1999 3 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A49269 Geodæsia, or, The art of surveying and measuring of land made easie by plain and practical rules, how to survey, protract, cast up, reduce or divide any piece of land whatsoever : with new tables for the ease of the surveyor in reducing the measures of land : moreover, a more facile and sure way of surveying by the chain, than has hitherto been taught : as also, how to lay-out new lands in America, or elsewhere : and how to make a perfect map of a river's mouth or harbour : with several other things never yet publish'd in our language / by John Love ... Love, John, fl. 1688. 1688 (1688) Wing L3191; ESTC R1523 85,385 310

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geodaesia_n or_o the_o art_n of_o survey_v and_o measure_v of_o land_n make_v easie_n show_v by_o plain_a and_o practical_a rule_n how_o to_o survey_v protract_v cast_v up_o reduce_v or_o divide_v any_o piece_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o with_o new_a table_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o surveyor_n in_o reduce_v the_o measure_n of_o land._n moreover_o a_o more_o facile_a and_o sure_a way_n of_o survey_v by_o the_o chain_n than_o have_v hitherto_o be_v teach_v as_o also_o how_o to_o layout_a new_a land_n in_o america_n or_o elsewhere_o and_o how_o to_o make_v a_o perfect_a map_n of_o a_o river_n mouth_n or_o harbour_n with_o several_a other_o thing_n never_o yet_o publish_a in_o our_o language_n by_o john_n love_n philomath_n oculus_fw-la mentis_fw-la excoecatus_fw-la &_o defossus_fw-la per_fw-la sola_fw-la mathematica_fw-la studia_fw-la instauratur_fw-la &_o excitatur_fw-la ut_fw-la res_fw-la ipsas_fw-la cernere_fw-la queat_fw-la &_o a_o rerum_fw-la nudis_fw-la simulackris_fw-la ad_fw-la 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upon_o paper_n the_o forego_n work_n make_v first_o a_o square_a figure_n who_o side_n may_v be_v 12_o chain_n as_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4._o then_o consider_v you_o go_v with_o the_o sun_n take_v 1_o 2_o for_o the_o first_o line_n and_o take_v from_o your_o scale_n 1_o chain_n 50_o link_n set_v it_o upon_o the_o line_n from_o 1_o to_o 7_o at_o 7_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a as_o 7_o 6_o make_v it_o according_a to_o your_o field-book_n 5_o chain_n 40_o link_n long_o also_o for_o the_o second_o off-set_a upon_o the_o same_o line_n take_v from_o your_o scale_n of_o equal_a part_n 8_o chain_n 30_o link_n which_o set_v upon_o the_o line_n from_o 1_o to_o 8_o and_z upon_z 8_o make_v the_o perpendicular-line_n 8_o b_o 6_o chain_n in_o length_n for_o the_o off-sets_a of_o the_o second_o line_n take_v 3_o chain_n 50_o link_n from_o the_o scale_n and_o set_v it_o from_o 2_o to_o 9_o at_o 9_o make_v a_o perpendicular-line_n 6_o chain_n long_o viz._n 9_o c_o also_o for_o the_o second_o off-set_a of_o the_o same_o line_n take_v 10_o chain_n 70_o link_n and_o set_v it_o from_o 2_o to_o 10_o at_o 10_o make_v the_o perpendicular_a 10_o d_o 5_o chain_n 50_o link_n in_o length_n for_o the_o off-sets_a of_o the_o three_o line_n take_v from_o your_o scale_n 10_o chain_n and_o set_v it_o from_o 3_o to_o 11_o and_o at_o 11_o make_v the_o perpendicular_a 11_o e_z 5_o chain_n 30_o link_n long_o for_o the_o off-sets_a of_o the_o four_o line_n take_v from_o your_o scale_n 4_o chain_n 30_o link_n and_o set_v it_o from_o 4_o to_o 12_o and_o at_o 12_o make_v the_o perpendicular_a 12_o f_o 4_o chain_n 40_o link_n long_o also_o take_v 6_o chain_n 70_o link_n and_o let_v it_o from_o 4_o to_o 13_o and_o at_o 13_o make_v the_o perpendicular_a 13_o g_z 1_o chain_n 50_o link_n long_o last_o take_v 10_o chain_n 80_o link_n and_o set_v it_o from_o 4_o to_o 1_o and_o at_o i_o make_v the_o perpendicular_a 1_o 5_o 2_o chain_n 20_o link_n long_o then_o have_v you_o no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o through_o the_o end_n of_o these_o perpendicular_o to_o draw_v the_o bounding-line_n remember_v to_o make_v angle_n where_o the_o field-book_n mention_n angle_n and_o where_o it_o mention_n side-line_n there_o to_o continue_v such_o side-line_n till_o they_o meet_v in_o a_o angle_n although_o i_o mention_v a_o square_a yet_o you_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o that_o figure_n for_o you_o may_v with_o the_o same_o success_n use_v a_o parallelogram_n triangle_n or_o any_o other_o figure_n nor_o be_v you_o bind_v to_o take_v
how_o to_o cast_v up_o the_o content_n of_o any_o plot_n of_o land_n how_o to_o lay_v out_o new_a land_n how_o to_o survey_v a_o manor_n county_n or_o country_n also_o how_o to_o reduce_v divide_v land_n cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la the_o twelve_o chapter_n consist_v whole_o of_o trigonometry_n the_o thirteen_o chapter_n be_v of_o height_n and_o distance_n include_v among_o other_o thing_n how_o to_o make_v a_o map_n of_o a_o river_n or_o harbour_n also_o how_o to_o convey_v water_n from_o a_o springhead_n to_o any_o appoint_a place_n or_o the_o like_a last_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o book_n i_o have_v a_o table_n of_o northing_n or_o sothe_v ea_v or_o westing_n or_o if_o you_o please_v to_o call_v it_o so_o a_o table_n of_o difference_n of_o latitude_n and_o departure_n from_o the_o meridian_n with_o direction_n for_o the_o use_v thereof_o also_o a_o table_n of_o sines_n and_o tangent_n and_o a_o table_n of_o logarithm_n i_o have_v take_v example_n from_o mr._n holwell_n to_o make_v the_o table_n of_o sines_n and_o tangent_n but_o to_o every_o five_o minute_n that_o be_v nigh_o enough_o in_o all_o sense_n and_o reason_n for_o the_o surveyor_n use_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n with_o the_o best_a instrument_n that_o be_v ever_o yet_o make_v can_v take_v a_o angle_n in_o the_o field_n nigh_o if_o so_o nigh_o as_o to_o five_o minute_n all_o which_o i_o commend_v to_o the_o ingenious_a reader_n wish_v he_o may_v find_v benefit_n thereby_o and_o desire_v his_o favourable_a reception_n thereof_o according_o i_o conclude_v reader_n your_o humble_a servant_n j._n l._n advertisement_n such_o person_n as_o have_v occasion_n for_o the_o instrument_n mention_v in_o this_o book_n or_o any_o other_o mathematical_a instrument_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v furnish_v with_o the_o same_o at_o reasonable_a rate_n by_o john_n worgan_n instrument-maker_n at_o his_o shop_n under_o the_o dial_n of_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleestreet_n london_n the_o content_n chap._n i._n of_o arithmetic_n in_o general_a page_n 1_o how_o to_o extract_n the_o square-root_n by_o vulgar_a arithmetic_n page_n 2_o how_o to_o extract_n the_o square-root_n by_o the_o logarithm_n page_n 7_o chap._n ii_o geometrical_a definition_n show_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o point_n page_n 9_o a_o line_n ibid._n a_o angle_n ibid._n a_o perpendicular_a page_n 10_o a_o triangle_n page_n 11_o a_o square_a page_n 12_o a_o parallelogram_n ibid._n a_o rhombus_fw-la and_o rhomboide_v ibid._n a_o trapezia_n ibid._n a_o irregular_a figure_n page_n 13_o a_o regular_a polygon_n as_o pentagon_n hexagon_n etc._n etc._n page_n 14_o a_o circle_n with_o what_o thereto_o belong_v ibid._n a_o superficies_n page_n 15_o parallel-line_n page_n 16_o diagonal-line_n ibid._n chap._n iii_o geometrical_a problem_n 1._o how_o to_o make_v a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o another_o two_o way_n page_n 17_o 2._o how_o to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a upon_o the_o end_n of_o a_o line_n two_o way_n page_n 18_o 3._o how_o from_o a_o point_n assign_v to_o let_v fall_v a_o perpendicular_a upon_o a_o line_n give_v page_n 20_o 4._o how_o to_o divide_v a_o line_n into_o any_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n page_n 21_o 5._o how_o to_o make_v a_o angle_n equal_a to_o any_o other_o angle_n give_v page_n 22_o 6._o how_o to_o make_v line_n parallel_v to_o each_o other_o page_n 23_o 7._o how_o to_o make_v a_o line_n parallel_n to_o another_o line_n which_o must_v also_o pass_v through_o a_o point_n assign_v page_n 24_o 8._o three_o line_n be_v give_v how_o to_o make_v thereof_o a_o triangle_n ibid._n 9_o how_o to_o make_v a_o triangle_n equal_a to_o a_o triangle_n give_v page_n 25_o 10._o how_o to_o make_v a_o square_a figure_n page_n 26_o 11._o how_o to_o make_v a_o long_a square_n or_o parallelogram_n ibid._n 12._o how_o to_o make_v a_o rhomub_n or_o rhomboide_v page_n 27_o 13._o to_o make_v regular_a polygon_n as_o pentagon_n hexagon_n heptagon_n etc._n etc._n page_n 28_o 14._o three_o point_n be_v give_v how_o to_o make_v a_o circle_n who_o circumference_n shall_v pass_v through_o the_o three_o give_v point_n page_n 32_o 15._o how_o to_o make_v a_o ellipsis_n or_o oval_a several_a way_n page_n 33_o 16._o how_o to_o divide_v a_o give_v line_n into_o two_o part_n which_o shall_v be_v in_o such_o proportion_n to_o each_o other_o as_o two_o give_v line_n page_n 36_o 17._o three_o line_n be_v give_v to_o find_v a_o four_o in_o proportion_n to_o they_o page_n 37_o chap._n iv_o of_o measure_n in_o general_n i._o of_o long_a measure_n show_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o measure_n land_n be_v survey_v and_o also_o how_o to_o reduce_v one_o sort_n of_o long_a measure_n into_o another_o page_n 39_o a_o general_n table_n of_o long_a measure_n ibid._n a_o table_n show_v how_o many_o foot_n and_o part_n of_o a_o foot_n also_o how_o many_o perch_n and_o part_n of_o a_o perch_n be_v contain_v in_o any_o number_n of_o chain_n and_o link_n from_o one_o link_n to_o a_o hundred_o chain_n page_n 41_o a_o table_n show_v how_o many_o chain_n link_n and_o part_n of_o a_o link_n also_o how_o many_o perch_n and_o part_n of_o a_o perch_n be_v contain_v in_o any_o number_n of_o foot_n from_o 1_o foot_n to_o 10000_o page_n 44_o ii_o of_o square_a measure_n show_v what_o it_o be_v and_o how_o to_o reduce_v one_o sort_n into_o another_o page_n 46_o a_o general_n table_n of_o square_a measure_n page_n 47_o a_o table_n show_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o a_o acre_n in_o perch_n foot_n and_o part_n of_o a_o foot_n page_n 49_o a_o table_n to_o turn_v perch_n into_o acre_n rood_n and_o perch_v page_n 53_o chap._n v._o of_o instrument_n and_o their_o use_n of_o the_o chain_n page_n 54_o of_o instrument_n for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o angle_n in_o the_o field_n page_n 56_o to_o take_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o angle_n in_o the_o field_n by_o plain_a table_n page_n 57_o to_o take_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o angle_n in_o the_o field_n by_o semicircle_n page_n 58_o to_o take_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o angle_n in_o the_o field_n by_o circumferentor_n etc._n etc._n several_a way_n ibid._n of_o the_o field-book_n page_n 61_o of_o the_o scale_n with_o several_a use_v thereof_o and_o how_o to_o make_v a_o line_n of_o chord_n page_n 62_o etc._n etc._n of_o the_o protractor_n page_n 68_o chap._n vi_o how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o a_o field_n at_o one_o station_n in_o any_o place_n thereof_o from_o whence_o you_o may_v see_v all_o the_o angle_n by_o the_o semicircle_n and_o to_o protract_v the_o same_o page_n 71_o how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o the_o same_o field_n at_o one_o station_n by_o the_o plain_a table_n page_n 74_o how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o the_o same_o field_n at_o one_o station_n by_o the_o semicircle_n either_o with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o limb_n both_o together_o or_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o needle_n only_o ibid._n how_o by_o the_o semicircle_n to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o a_o field_n at_o one_o station_n in_o any_o angle_n thereof_o from_o whence_o the_o other_o angle_n may_v be_v see_v and_o to_o protract_v the_o same_o page_n 76_o how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o a_o field_n at_o two_o station_n provide_v from_o either_o station_n you_o may_v see_v every_o angle_n and_o measure_v only_o the_o stationary_a distance_n also_o to_o protract_v the_o same_o page_n 79_o 82_o etc._n etc._n how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o a_o field_n at_o two_o station_n when_o the_o field_n be_v so_o irregular_a that_o from_o one_o station_n you_o can_v see_v all_o the_o angel_n page_n 83_o how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o a_o field_n at_o one_o station_n in_o a_o angle_n so_o that_o from_o that_o angle_n you_o may_v see_v all_o the_o other_o angles_n by_o measure_v round_o about_o the_o say_a field_n page_n 86_o how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o the_o forego_n field_n by_o measure_v one_o line_n only_o and_o take_v observation_n at_o every_o angle_n page_n 88_o how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o a_o large_a field_n or_o wood_n by_o measure_v round_o the_o same_o and_o take_v observation_n at_o every_o angle_n by_o the_o semicircle_n page_n 90_o when_o you_o have_v survey_v after_o this_o manner_n how_o to_o know_v before_o you_o go_v out_o of_o the_o field_n whether_o you_o have_v wrought_v true_a or_o not_o page_n 94_o direction_n how_o to_o measure_v parallel_n to_o a_o hedge_n when_o you_o can_v go_v in_o the_o hedge_n itself_o and_o also_o in_o such_o case_n how_o to_o take_v your_o angel_n page_n 95_o how_o to_o take_v the_o plot_n of_o a_o field_n or_o wood_n by_o observe_v near_o every_o angle_n and_o measure_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o mark_v of_o observation_n by_o take_v in_o every_o line_n two_o
example_n 1599_o square_a chain_n and_o 55_o square_a link_n how_o many_o acre_n rood_n and_o perch_n  _fw-fr acres_n 159955_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o answer_v 159_o acre_n 3_o rood_n 32_o 8_o 8_o 10._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rood_v 3620_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 40_o  _fw-fr perch_v 24800_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o to_o any_o number_n of_o acre_n give_v you_o add_v a_o cypher_n they_o will_v be_v turn_v into_o chain_n thus_o 99_o acre_n be_v 990_o chain_n 100_o acre_n 1000_o chain_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o as_o if_o you_o have_v multiply_v the_o acre_n by_o 10._o and_o if_o you_o will_v turn_v square_a chain_n into_o square_a link_n add_v four_o cipher_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chain_n so_o will_v 990_o chain_n be_v 9900000_o link_n 1000_o chain_n 10000000_o link_n all_o one_o as_o if_o you_o have_v multiply_v 990_o by_o 10000_o the_o number_n of_o square_a link_n contain_v in_o one_o chain_n and_o now_o whereas_o in_o cast_v up_o the_o content_a of_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n measure_v by_o mr._n gunter_n chain_n viz._n multiply_a chain_n and_o link_n by_o chain_n and_o link_n the_o product_n will_v be_v square_a link_n you_o must_v therefore_o from_o that_o product_n cut_v off_o five_o figure_n to_o find_v the_o acre_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o you_o divide_v the_o product_n by_o 100000_o the_o number_n of_o square_a link_n contain_v in_o one_o acre_n then_o multiply_v the_o five_o figure_n cut_v off_o by_o 4_o and_o from_o that_o product_n cut_v off_o five_o figure_n you_o will_v have_v the_o rood_n last_o multiply_v by_o 40_o and_o take_v away_o as_o before_o 5_o figure_n the_o rest_n be_v perch_n example_n admit_v a_o parallelogram_n or_o long_o square_a to_o be_v one_o way_n 5_o chain_n 55_o link_n and_o the_o other_o way_n 4_o chain_n 35_o link_n i_o demand_v the_o content_a in_o acre_n rood_n and_o perch_n  _fw-fr multiplicand_n 555_o  _fw-fr multiplicator_n 435_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2775_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1665_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2220_o answer_n 2_o acre_n acre_n 241425_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o 1_o rood_n rood_v 165700_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 40_o 26_o perch_n perch_v 2628000_o and_o 28_o 28_o 100_o part_n of_o a_o perch_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr last_o because_o some_o man_n choose_v rather_o to_o cast_v up_o the_o content_a of_o land_n in_o perch_n i_o will_v here_o brief_o show_v you_o how_o it_o be_v do_v which_o be_v only_o by_o divide_v by_o 160_o the_o number_n of_o square_n perch_v contain_v in_o one_o acre_n the_o number_n of_o perch_n give_v example_n admit_v a_o parallelogram_n to_o be_v in_o length_n 55_o perch_n and_o in_o breadth_n 45_o perch_n these_o two_o multiply_v together_o make_v 2475_o perch_n which_o to_o turn_v into_o acre_n divide_v by_o 160_o the_o quotient_n be_v 15_o acre_n and_o 75_o perch_n remain_v which_o to_o turn_v into_o rood_n divide_v by_o 40_o the_o quotient_n be_v 1_o rood_n and_o 35_o perch_n remain_v so_o much_o be_v the_o content_a of_o such_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n viz._n 15_o acre_n 1_o rood_n and_o 35_o perch_n here_o follow_v a_o table_n to_o turn_v perch_n into_o acre_n rood_n and_o perch_n perch_v acres_n rood_v perch_n 40_o 0_o 1_o 00_o 50_o 0_o 1_o 10_o 60_o 0_o 1_o 20_o 70_o 0_o 1_o 30_o 80_o 0_o 2_o 00_o 90_o 0_o 2_o 10_o 100_o 0_o 2_o 20_o 200_o 1_o 1_o 00_o 300_o 1_o 3_o 20_o 400_o 2_o 2_o 00_o 500_o 3_o 0_o 20_o 600_o 3_o 3_o 00_o 700_o 4_o 1_o 20_o 800_o 5_o 0_o 00_o 900_o 5_o 2_o 20_o 1000_o 6_o 1_o 00_o 2000_o 12_o 2_o 00_o 3000_o 18_o 3_o 00_o 4000_o 25_o 0_o 00_o 5000_o 31_o 1_o 00_o 6000_o 37_o 2_o 00_o 7000_o 43_o 3_o 00_o 8000_o 50_o 0_o 00_o 9000_o 56_o 1_o 00_o 10000_o 62_o 2_o 00_o 20000_o 125_o 0_o 00_o 30000_o 187_o 2_o 00_o 40000_o 250_o 0_o 00_o 50000_o 312_o 2_o 00_o 60000_o 375_o 0_o 00_o 70000_o 437_o 2_o 00_o 80000_o 500_o 0_o 00_o 90000_o 562_o 2_o 00_o 100000_o 625_o 0_o 00_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n in_o 2475_o perch_n how_o many_o acre_n rood_n and_o perch_n perch_n acres_n rood_n perch_n 2000_o 12_o 2_o 00_o 400_o 2_o 2_o 00_o 70_o 0_o 1_o 30_o to_o which_o add_v the_o odd_a 5_o perch_n 0_o 0_o 05_o answer_n 15_o 1_o 35_o chap._n v._o of_o instrument_n and_o their_o use_n and_o first_o of_o the_o chain_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o chain_n as_o mr._n rathborne_n of_o two_o perch_n long_o other_o of_o one_o perch_n long_o some_o have_v have_v they_o 100_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n among_o surveyor_n as_o be_v indeed_o the_o best_a be_v mr._n gunter_n which_o be_v 4_o pole_n long_o contain_v 100_o link_n each_o link_n be_v 7_o 92_o 92_o 100_o inch_n the_o description_n of_o which_o chain_n and_o how_o to_o reduce_v it_o into_o any_o other_o measure_n you_o have_v at_o large_a in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n of_o measure_n in_o this_o place_n i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o some_o few_o direction_n for_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o measure_v line_n take_v care_n that_o they_o which_o carry_v the_o chain_n deviate_v not_o from_o a_o straight_a line_n which_o you_o may_v do_v by_o stand_v at_o your_o instrument_n and_o look_v through_o the_o sight_n if_o you_o see_v they_o between_o you_o and_o the_o mark_v observe_v they_o be_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n otherwise_o not_o but_o without_o all_o this_o trouble_n they_o may_v carry_v the_o chain_n true_a enough_o if_o he_o that_o follow_v the_o chain_n always_o cause_v he_o that_o go_v before_o to_o be_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n between_o himself_o and_o the_o place_n they_o be_v go_v to_o so_o as_o that_o the_o foreman_n may_v always_o cover_v the_o mark_n from_o he_o that_o go_v behind_o if_o they_o swerve_v from_o the_o line_n they_o will_v make_v it_o long_o than_o real_o it_o be_v a_o straight_a line_n be_v the_o near_a distance_n that_o can_v be_v between_o any_o two_o place_n besure_n that_o they_o which_o carry_v the_o chain_n mistake_v not_o a_o chain_n either_o over_o or_o under_o in_o their_o account_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v the_o error_n will_v be_v very_o considerable_a as_o suppose_v you_o be_v 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degree_n upon_o the_o limb_n be_v cut_v by_o the_o index_n which_o let_v be_v 45_o so_o much_o be_v the_o angle_n bac_n how_o to_o take_v the_o same_o angle_n by_o the_o circumferentor_n place_v your_o instrument_n as_o before_o at_o a_o with_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n towards_o you_o direct_v your_o sight_n to_o the_o mark_n at_o b_o and_o see_v what_o degree_n be_v then_o cut_v by_o the_o south_n end_v of_o the_o needle_n which_o let_v be_v 55_o do_v the_o same_o to_o the_o mark_n at_o c_o and_o let_v the_o south_n end_v of_o the_o needle_n there_o cut_v 100_o subtract_v the_o lesser_a out_o of_o the_o great_a the_o remainder_n be_v 45_o the_o angle_n require_v if_o the_o remainder_n have_v be_v more_o than_o 180_o degree_n you_o must_v then_o have_v substract_v it_o out_o of_o 360_o the_o last_o remainder_n will_v have_v be_v the_o angle_n desire_v this_o last_o instrument_n depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o needle_n for_o take_v of_o angles_n which_o often_o prove_v erroneous_a the_o needle_n yearly_a of_o itself_o vary_v from_o the_o true_a north_n if_o there_o be_v no_o iron_n mine_n in_o the_o earth_n or_o other_o accident_n to_o draw_v it_o aside_o which_o in_o mountainous_a land_n be_v often_o find_v it_o be_v therefore_o the_o best_a way_n for_o the_o surveyor_n where_o he_o possible_o can_v to_o take_v his_o angle_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o needle_n as_o be_v before_o show_v by_o the_o semicircle_n but_o in_o all_o land_n it_o can_v be_v do_v but_o we_o must_v sometime_o make_v use_n of_o the_o needle_n without_o exceed_v great_a trouble_n as_o in_o the_o thick_a wood_n of_o jamaica_n carolina_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v good_a therefore_o to_o have_v such_o a_o instrument_n with_o which_o a_o angle_n in_o the_o field_n may_v be_v take_v either_o with_o or_o without_o the_o needle_n as_o be_v the_o semicircle_n than_o which_o i_o know_v no_o better_a instrument_n for_o the_o surveyor_n use_v yet_o make_v public_a therefore_o as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v you_o how_o by_o the_o semicircle_n to_o take_v a_o angle_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o needle_n i_o shall_v here_o direct_v you_o how_o with_o the_o semicircle_n to_o take_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o angle_n in_o the_o field_n by_o the_o needle_n screw_v fast_o the_o instrument_n the_o north_n end_v of_o the_o needle_n hang_v direct_o over_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n in_o the_o chard_n turn_v the_o index_n about_o till_o through_o the_o sight_n you_o espy_v the_o mark_n at_o b_o and_o note_v what_o degree_n the_o index_n cut_v which_o let_v be_v 40_o move_v again_o the_o index_n to_o the_o mark_n at_o c_o and_o note_v the_o degree_n cut_v viz._n 85._o subtract_v the_o less_o from_o the_o great_a remain_v 45_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o angle_n or_o thus_o turn_v the_o whole_a instrument_n till_o through_o the_o fix_a sight_n you_o espy_v the_o mark_n at_o b_o then_o see_v what_o degree_n upon_o the_o chard_n be_v cut_v by_o the_o needle_n which_o for_o example_n be_v 315_o turn_v also_o the_o instrument_n till_o through_o the_o same_o sight_n you_o espy_v c_o and_o note_v the_o degree_n upon_o the_o chard_n then_o cut_v by_o the_o needle_n which_o let_v be_v 270_o subtract_v the_o less_o from_o the_o great_a as_o before_o in_o work_v by_o the_o circumferentor_n remain_v 45_o for_o the_o angle_n mark_v if_o you_o turn_v the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n towards_o the_o mark_n you_o must_v look_v at_o the_o norh_fw-mi end_n of_o the_o needle_n for_o your_o degree_n beside_o the_o division_n of_o the_o chard_n of_o the_o semicircle_n into_o 360_o equal_a part_n or_o degree_n it_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o four_o quadrant_n each_o contain_n 90_o degree_n begin_v at_o the_o north_n and_o south_n point_n and_o proceed_v both_o way_n till_o they_o end_v in_o 90_o degree_n at_o the_o east_n and_o west_n point_n which_o point_n be_v mark_v contrary_a viz._n east_n with_o a_o w._n and_o west_n with_o a_o e_o because_o when_o you_o turn_v your_o instrument_n to_o the_o eastward_o the_o end_n of_o the_o needle_n will_v hang_v upon_o the_o west_n side_n etc._n etc._n if_o by_o this_o way_n of_o division_n of_o the_o chard_n you_o will_v take_v the_o aforesaid_a angle_n direct_v the_o instrument_n so_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n from_o you_o till_o through_o the_o fix_a sight_n you_o espy_v the_o mark_n at_o b_o then_o see_v what_o degree_n be_v cut_v by_o the_o north_n end_v of_o the_o needle_n which_o let_v be_v ne_fw-fr 44_o next_o direct_v the_o instrument_n to_o c_o and_o the_o north_n end_v of_o the_o needle_n will_v cut_v ne_fw-fr 89_o subtract_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o there_o will_v remain_v 45_o for_o the_o angle_n but_o if_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n the_o needle_n have_v hang_v over_o ne_fw-fr 55_o and_o at_o the_o second_o see_fw-la 80_o then_o take_v 55_o from_o 90_o remain_v 35_o take_v 80_o from_o 90_o remain_v 10_o which_o add_v to_o 35_o make_v 45_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o angle_n moreover_o if_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n the_o north_n end_v of_o the_o needle_n have_v point_v to_o nw_n 22_o and_o at_o the_o second_o ne_fw-fr 23_o these_o two_o must_v have_v be_v add_v together_o and_o they_o will_v have_v make_v 45_o the_o angle_n as_o before_o mark_v if_o you_o have_v turn_v the_o south_n part_n of_o your_o instrument_n to_o the_o mark_n than_o you_o must_v have_v have_v respect_n to_o the_o south_n end_v of_o your_o needle_n although_o i_o have_v be_v so_o long_o show_v you_o how_o to_o take_v a_o angle_n by_o the_o needle_n yet_o when_o we_o come_v to_o survey_v land_n by_o the_o needle_n as_o you_o shall_v see_v by_o and_o by_o we_o
e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n n._n s._n n._n s._n 62_o deg._n 61_o deg._n 60_o deg._n distance_n 31_o deg._n distance_n 32_o deg._n distance_n 33_o deg._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n 1_o .9_o .5_o 1_o .8_o .5_o 1_o .8_o .5_o 2_o 1.7_o 1.0_o 2_o 1.7_o 1.1_o 2_o 1.7_o 1.1_o 3_o 2.6_o 1.5_o 3_o 2.5_o 1.6_o 3_o 2.5_o 1.6_o 4_o 3.5_o 2.1_o 4_o 3.4_o 2.1_o 4_o 3.4_o 2.2_o 5_o 4.3_o 2.6_o 5_o 4.2_o 2.6_o 5_o 4.2_o 2.7_o 6_o 5.1_o 3.1_o 6_o 5.1_o 3.2_o 6_o 5.0_o 3.3_o 7_o 6.0_o 3.6_o 7_o 5.9_o 3.7_o 7_o 5.9_o 3.8_o 8_o 6.9_o 4.1_o 8_o 6.3_o 4.2_o 8_o 6.7_o 4.4_o 9_o 7.7_o 4.6_o 9_o 7.6_o 4.8_o 9_o 7.6_o 4.9_o 10_o 8.6_o 5.1_o 10_o 8.5_o 5.3_o 10_o 8.4_o 5.4_o 20_o 17.1_o 10.3_o 20_o 17.0_o 10.6_o 20_o 16.8_o 10.9_o 30_o 25.7_o 15.4_o 30_o 25.4_o 15.9_o 30_o 25.2_o 16.3_o 40_o 34.3_o 20.6_o 40_o 33.9_o 21.2_o 40_o 33.5_o 21.8_o 50_o 42.9_o 25.7_o 50_o 42.4_o 26.5_o 50_o 41.9_o 27.2_o 60_o 51.4_o 30.9_o 60_o 50.9_o 31.8_o 60_o 50.3_o 32.7_o 70_o 60.0_o 36.0_o 70_o 59.4_o 37.1_o 70_o 58.7_o 38.1_o 80_o 68.6_o 41.2_o 80_o 67.8_o 42.4_o 80_o 67.1_o 43.6_o 90_o 77.1_o 46.3_o 90_o 76.3_o 47.7_o 90_o 75.5_o 49.0_o 100_o 85.7_o 51.5_o 100_o 84.8_o 53.0_o 100_o 83.9_o 54.5_o dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n 59_o deg._n 58_o deg._n 57_o deg._n distance_n 34_o deg._n distance_n 35_o deg._n distance_n 36_o deg._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n 1_o .8_o .6_o 1_o .8_o .6_o 1_o .8_o .6_o 2_o 1.7_o 1.1_o 2_o 1.7_o 1.1_o 2_o 1.6_o 1.2_o 3_o 2.5_o 2.7_o 3_o 2.5_o 1.7_o 3_o 2.4_o 1.8_o 4_o 3.3_o 2.2_o 4_o 3.3_o 2.3_o 4_o 3.2_o 2.3_o 5_o 4.1_o 2.8_o 5_o 4.1_o 2.9_o 5_o 4.0_o 2.9_o 6_o 5.0_o 3.4_o 6_o 4.9_o 3.4_o 6_o 4.8_o 3.5_o 7_o 5.8_o 3.9_o 7_o 5.7_o 4.0_o 7_o 5.7_o 4.1_o 8_o 6.6_o 4.5_o 8_o 6.6_o 4.6_o 8_o 6.5_o 4.7_o 9_o 7.5_o 5.0_o 9_o 7.4_o 5.2_o 9_o 7.2_o 5.3_o 10_o 8.3_o 5.6_o 10_o 8.2_o 5.7_o 10_o 8.1_o 5.9_o 20_o 16.6_o 11.2_o 20_o 16.4_o 11.5_o 20_o 16.2_o 11.8_o 30_o 24.9_o 16.8_o 30_o 24.6_o 17.2_o 30_o 24.3_o 17.6_o 40_o 33.2_o 22.4_o 40_o 32.8_o 22.9_o 40_o 32.4_o 23.5_o 50_o 41.4_o 28.0_o 50_o 41.0_o 28.7_o 50_o 40.4_o 29.4_o 60_o 49.7_o 33.5_o 60_o 49.1_o 34.4_o 60_o 48.5_o 35.3_o 70_o 58.0_o 39.1_o 70_o 57.3_o 40.2_o 70_o 56.6_o 41.1_o 80_o 66.3_o 44.7_o 80_o 65.5_o 45.9_o 80_o 64.7_o 47.0_o 90_o 74.6_o 50.3_o 90_o 73.7_o 51.6_o 90_o 72.8_o 52.9_o 100_o 82.9_o 55.9_o 100_o 81.9_o 57.4_o 100_o 80.9_o 58.8_o dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n 56_o deg._n 55_o deg._n 54_o deg._n distance_n 37_o deg._n distance_n 38_o deg._n distance_n 39_o deg._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n 1_o .8_o .6_o 1_o .8_o .6_o 1_o .8_o .6_o 2_o 1.6_o 1.2_o 2_o 1.6_o 1.2_o 2_o 1.6_o 1.3_o 3_o 2.4_o 1.8_o 3_o 2.4_o 1.8_o 3_o 2.3_o 1.9_o 4_o 3.2_o 2.4_o 4_o 3.1_o 2.5_o 4_o 3.1_o 2.5_o 5_o 4.0_o 3.0_o 5_o 3.9_o 3.1_o 5_o 3.9_o 3.1_o 6_o 4.8_o 3.6_o 6_o 4.7_o 3.7_o 6_o 4.7_o 3.8_o 7_o 5.6_o 4.2_o 7_o 5.5_o 4.3_o 7_o 5.4_o 4.4_o 8_o 6.4_o 4.8_o 8_o 6.3_o 4.9_o 8_o 6.2_o 5.0_o 9_o 7.2_o 5.4_o 9_o 7.1_o 5.5_o 9_o 7.0_o 5.7_o 10_o 8.0_o 6.0_o 10_o 7.9_o 6.2_o 10_o 7.8_o 6.3_o 20_o 16.0_o 12.0_o 20_o 15.8_o 12.3_o 20_o 15.5_o 12.6_o 30_o 24.0_o 18.0_o 30_o 23.6_o 18.5_o 30_o 23.3_o 18.9_o 40_o 31.9_o 24.1_o 40_o 31.5_o 24.6_o 40_o 31.1_o 25.2_o 50_o 39.9_o 30.1_o 50_o 39.4_o 30.8_o 50_o 38.8_o 31.5_o 60_o 47.9_o 36.1_o 60_o 47.3_o 36.9_o 60_o 46.6_o 37.8_o 70_o 55.9_o 42.1_o 70_o 55.2_o 43.1_o 70_o 54.4_o 44.0_o 80_o 63.9_o 48.1_o 80_o 63.3_o 49.0_o 80_o 62.2_o 50.3_o 90_o 71.9_o 54.2_o 90_o 70.9_o 55.4_o 90_o 69.9_o 56.6_o 100_o 79.9_o 60.2_o 100_o 78.8_o 61.6_o 100_o 77.7_o 62.9_o dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n 53_o deg._n 52_o deg._n 51_o deg._n distance_n 40_o deg._n distance_n 41_o deg._n distance_n 42_o deg._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n 1_o .8_o .6_o 1_o .8_o .7_o 1_o .7_o .7_o 2_o 1.5_o 1.3_o 2_o 1.5_o 1.3_o 2_o 1.5_o 1.3_o 3_o 2.3_o 1.9_o 3_o 2.3_o 2.0_o 3_o 2.2_o 2.0_o 4_o 3.1_o 2.6_o 4_o 3.0_o 2.6_o 4_o 3.0_o 2.7_o 5_o 3.3_o 3.2_o 5_o 3.8_o 3.3_o 5_o 3.7_o 3.3_o 6_o 4.6_o 3.8_o 6_o 4.5_o 3.9_o 6_o 4.4_o 4.0_o 7_o 5.4_o 4.5_o 7_o 5.3_o 4.6_o 7_o 5.2_o 4.7_o 8_o 6.1_o 5.1_o 8_o 6.0_o 5.2_o 8_o 5.9_o 5.3_o 9_o 6.9_o 5.8_o 9_o 6.8_o 5.9_o 9_o 6.7_o 6.0_o 10_o 7.7_o 6.4_o 10_o 7.5_o 6.6_o 10_o 7.4_o 6.7_o 20_o 15.3_o 12.9_o 20_o 15.1_o 13.1_o 20_o 14.9_o 13.4_o 30_o 23.0_o 19.3_o 30_o 22.6_o 19.7_o 30_o 22.3_o 20.1_o 40_o 30.6_o 25.7_o 40_o 30.2_o 26.2_o 40_o 29.7_o 26.8_o 50_o 38.3_o 32.1_o 50_o 37.7_o 32.8_o 50_o 37.2_o 33.5_o 60_o 46.0_o 38.6_o 60_o 45.3_o 39.4_o 60_o 44.6_o 40.1_o 70_o 53.6_o 45.0_o 70_o 52.8_o 45.9_o 70_o 52.0_o 46.8_o 80_o 61.3_o 51.4_o 80_o 60.4_o 52.5_o 80_o 59.4_o 53.5_o 90_o 68.9_o 57.9_o 90_o 67.9_o 59.0_o 90_o 66.9_o 60.2_o 100_o 76.6_o 64.3_o 100_o 75.5_o 65.6_o 100_o 74.3_o 66.9_o dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n 50_o deg._n 49_o deg._n 48_o deg._n distance_n 43_o deg._n distance_n 44_o deg._n distance_n 45_o deg._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n n._n s._n e._n w._n 1_o .7_o .7_o 1_o .7_o .7_o 1_o .7_o .7_o 2_o 1.5_o 1.4_o 2_o 1.4_o 1.4_o 2_o 1.4_o 1.4_o 3_o 2.2_o 2.0_o 3_o 2.2_o 2.1_o 3_o 2.1_o 2.1_o 4_o 2.9_o 2.7_o 4_o 2.9_o 2.8_o 4_o 2.8_o 2.8_o 5_o 3.6_o 3.4_o 5_o 3.6_o 3.5_o 5_o 3.5_o 3.5_o 6_o 4.4_o 4.1_o 6_o 4.3_o 4.2_o 6_o 4.2_o 4.2_o 7_o 5.1_o 4.8_o 7_o 5.0_o 4.9_o 7_o 4.9_o 4.9_o 8_o 5.8_o 5.4_o 8_o 5.8_o 5.6_o 8_o 5.6_o 5.6_o 9_o 6.6_o 6.1_o 9_o 6.5_o 6.2_o 9_o 6.4_o 6.4_o 10_o 7.3_o 6.8_o 10_o 7.2_o 6.9_o 10_o 7.1_o 7.1_o 20_o 14.6_o 13.6_o 20_o 14.4_o 13.9_o 20_o 14.1_o 14.1_o 30_o 21.9_o 20.5_o 30_o 21.6_o 20.8_o 30_o 21.2_o 21.2_o 40_o 29.2_o 27.3_o 40_o 28.8_o 27.8_o 40_o 28.3_o 28.3_o 50_o 36.6_o 34.1_o 50_o 36.0_o 34.7_o 50_o 35.3_o 35.3_o 60_o 43.9_o 40.9_o 60_o 43.2_o 41.7_o 60_o 42.4_o 42.4_o 70_o 51.2_o 47.7_o 70_o 50.3_o 48.6_o 70_o 49.5_o 49.5_o 80_o 58.5_o 54.6_o 80_o 57.5_o 55.6_o 80_o 56.6_o 56.6_o 90_o 65.8_o 61.4_o 90_o 64.7_o 62.5_o 90_o 63.6_o 63.6_o 100_o 73.1_o 68.2_o 100_o 71.9_o 69.5_o 100_o 70.7_o 70.7_o dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n dist_n e._n w._n n._n s._n 47_o deg._n 46_o deg._n 45_o deg._n the_o use_n of_o the_o foregoing_a table_n i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o in_o the_o 6_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n teach_v you_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n however_o because_o it_o be_v make_v somewhat_o different_a from_o such_o of_o this_o kind_a as_o have_v be_v make_v by_o other_o i_o will_v brief_o byan_a example_n or_o two_o explain_v it_o to_o you_o admit_v in_o survey_v a_o wood_n or_o the_o like_a you_o run_v a_o line_n n._n e._n 40_o degree_n 10_o chain_n or_o in_o plain_a term_n a_o line_n 10_o chain_n in_o length_n that_o make_v a_o angle_n with_o the_o meridian_n of_o 40_o degree_n to_o the_o eastward_o and_o you_o will_v put_v down_o in_o your_o field-book_n the_o northing_n and_o ea_v of_o this_o line_n under_o their_o proper_a title_n n._n and_o e._n according_a to_o mr._n norwood_n way_n of_o survey_v teach_v in_o the_o 6_o chapter_n first_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o table_n find_v 40_o degree_n then_o in_o the_o column_n of_o distance_n seek_v for_o 10_o chain_n which_o have_v you_o will_v find_v to_o stand_v right_a against_o it_o under_o the_o title_n n._n 7._o 7_o for_o the_o northing_n which_o be_v 7_o chain_n 7_o 7_o 10_o of_o a_o chain_n and_o for_o the_o ea_n under_o the_o title_n e._n 6._o 4_o which_o be_v 6_o chain_n 4_o 4_o 10_o of_o a_o chain_n as_o nigh_o as_o may_v be_v express_v in_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o chain_n but_o if_o you_o will_v know_v to_o one_o link_n add_v a_o 0_o to_o the_o distance_n so_o will_v 10_o be_v 100_o which_o seek_v for_o in_o the_o same_o page_n of_o the_o table_n and_o right_a against_o it_o you_o will_v find_v under_o title_n n._n 76._o 6_o or_o 7_o chain_n 66_o link_n for_o your_o northing_n and_o under_o title_n e_z 64._o 3_o or_o 6_o chain_n 43_o link_n