in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n have_v there_o declare_v it_o to_o be_v than_o it_o may_v give_v satisfaction_n in_o this_o kind_n that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o these_o time_n of_o great_a iminency_n and_o authority_n for_o there_o i_o find_v two_o several_a writ_n or_o commission_n of_o that_o nature_n the_o one_o authorise_v certain_a person_n to_o survey_v the_o defence_n in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n the_o other_o for_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o terminer_n register_n in_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n surround_v ground_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o rivers_n humber_n and_o auckholin_n in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o first_o of_o the_o say_a commission_n be_v set_v down_o verbatim_o in_o fitz._n nat_n breed_v foe_fw-mi 113._o yet_o the_o first_o statute_n which_o appear_v to_o we_o 113._o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 113._o in_o print_n wherein_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v set_v down_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o 6._o henry_n 6._o chapt._n 5._o yet_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o say_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o rigister_n 5._o 6._o h._n 6._o cap._n 5._o and_o fitz._n na_o breed_v be_v in_o their_o form_n long_o before_o henry_n the_o 6._o time_n and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 6._o add_v some_o more_o power_n and_o strength_n thereto_o then_o be_v before_o have_v back_v they_o with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v something_o additional_a in_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v in_o power_n as_o by_o both_o the_o commission_n compare_v together_o be_v apparent_a i_o do_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o 38._o edw._n 3._o lib._n ass_n plac_fw-la 15._o that_o 15._o 38._o ed._n 3._o lib._n ass_n pl._n 15._o a_o commission_n be_v award_v to_o inquire_v of_o bridge_n and_o of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o these_o law_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o 10._o report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n of_o sewer_n may_v grant_v commission_n for_o the_o survey_v and_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v the_o book_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o his_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n have_v in_o report_v sir_n john_n davies_n report_v his_o first_o case_n set_v the_o first_o statute_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v in_o time_n the_o 9_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o first_o volumn_n of_o of_o statute_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a that_o be_v extant_a in_o our_o 3._o 9_o h._n 3._o law_n by_o all_o which_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o law_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o government_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o time_n as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o be_v and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o herein_o confirm_v for_o that_o in_o the_o ancient_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n aforesaid_a there_o be_v these_o word_n that_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la regiae_fw-la ad_fw-la providendum_fw-la salvationi_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la circumquaque_fw-la fuit_fw-la astrictus_fw-la wherein_o it_o be_v hereby_o make_v plain_a that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o tenure_n and_o prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n be_v bind_v to_o see_v and_o foresee_v the_o safety_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o so_o this_o law_n be_v a_o prerogative_n law_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o all_o prerogative_n be_v without_o limitation_n of_o time_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o all_o or_o any_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 6._o be_v so_o improvident_a as_o to_o want_v these_o law_n without_o the_o which_o the_o realm_n can_v not_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o that_o unmerciful_a enemy_n the_o sea_n wherein_o i_o do_v conclude_v that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n the_o title_n of_o this_o statute_n show_v it_o viz_o a_o general_a act_n for_o grant_v commission_n of_o sewer_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o word_n of_o restraint_n other_o than_o these_o where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o although_o expounder_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o make_v the_o title_n their_o text_n either_o for_o the_o body_n or_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o give_v some_o direction_n in_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o but_o to_o make_v the_o title_n to_o be_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o material_a exposition_n of_o the_o law_n may_v lead_v the_o expositor_n many_o time_n into_o error_n for_o in_o stradling_n and_o morgan_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n the_o morgan_n stradling_n and_o morgan_n title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o the_o true_a answer_v for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o body_n do_v extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o receiver_n of_o subject_n but_o there_o the_o judge_n and_o expounder_n of_o that_o law_n go_v with_o the_o title_n in_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 23._o eliz._n the_o title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o politic_a eliz._n 23._o eliz._n constitution_n for_o the_o navy_n and_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o new_a fish_n day_n provide_v which_o no_o man_n will_v have_v look_v for_o under_o such_o a_o title_n and_o lucian_n a_o ancient_a greek_a poet_n compile_v a_o book_n and_o in_o the_o frontispiece_n thereof_o entitle_v the_o same_o a_o book_n of_o true_a report_n where_o look_v into_o it_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n true_a therein_o so_o it_o appear_v though_o in_o act_n and_o book_n the_o title_n and_o style_n may_v give_v help_n in_o the_o exposition_n and_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o index_n or_o table_n to_o find_v out_o the_o matter_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o rely_v upon_o they_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v or_o refuse_v as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v howsoever_o there_o be_v better_a concord_n betwixt_o the_o title_n and_o the_o body_n of_o my_o statute_n for_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o act_n perform_v as_o much_o as_o the_o title_n promise_v whereby_o the_o inland_a country_n of_o nottingham_n northampton_n huntingdon_n bedford_n and_o the_o like_a may_v have_v the_o use_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o the_o maritine_n country_n of_o lincoln_n york_n cambridge_n norfolk_z suffolk_z kent_z sussex_n hampshire_n devon_n cornwall_n gloucester_n chester_n and_o lancashire_n if_o not_o in_o all_o yet_o in_o part_n as_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o my_o second_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o although_o both_o the_o statute_n of_o 6._o hen._n 8._o and_o the_o register_n and_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n make_v all_o of_o they_o mention_n in_o those_o commission_n of_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o of_o no_o other_o county_n yet_o doubtless_o the_o lawmaker_n and_o judge_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o expositor_n do_v intend_v then_o and_o do_v extend_v they_o to_o all_o the_o part_n and_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o first_o original_a and_o the_o chief_a use_n of_o these_o law_n be_v in_o the_o say_v maritine_n country_n which_o stand_v in_o most_o need_v thereof_o and_o especial_o lincolnshire_n where_o be_v the_o huge_a great_a and_o vast_a fen_n and_o marsh_n but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o may_v serve_v general_o for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o have_v bound_v they_o so_o herein_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o necessary_a use_n of_o it_o from_o the_o title_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o statute_n where_o the_o word_n be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o be_v that_o the_o king_n nothing_o earthly_a so_o high_o weigh_v as_o the_o advance_v the_o common_a profit_n wealth_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n be_v of_o all_o other_o think_v to_o be_v most_o necessary_a and_o of_o great_a consequence_n when_o the_o king_n prefer_v the_o same_o before_o any_o earthly_a thing_n and_o the_o king_n care_v herein_o become_v his_o royal_a person_n very_o worthy_o because_o by_o this_o statute_n safety_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o realm_n and_o wealth_n and_o profit_n to_o the_o people_n thereof_o great_a and_o better_a fruit_n then_o which_o no_o humane_a law_n can_v produce_v and_o the_o chief_a execution_n of_o this_o law_n be_v most_o apt_o
title_n to_o land_n by_o action_n condition_n or_o entry_n or_o he_o which_o have_v a_o contingent_a use_n shall_v not_o be_v tax_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n nor_o be_v the_o bargainee_n of_o land_n before_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v sessable_a by_o this_o law_n neither_o be_v one_o who_o have_v the_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n to_o a_o church_n as_o patron_n or_o he_o which_o be_v founder_n for_o his_o foundership_n taxable_a within_o this_o statute_n yet_o they_o be_v tenement_n the_o large_a word_n of_o charge_n within_o this_o law_n but_o the_o law_n intend_v the_o immediate_a possession_n of_o such_o tenement_n which_o be_v proficuous_a and_o not_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v tenement_n in_o law_n and_o which_o be_v but_o conveyance_n and_o their_o fruit_n be_v ceremony_n without_o substance_n this_o law_n set_v down_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o which_o one_o be_v chargeable_a viz._n he_o which_o have_v land_n tenement_n rent_n commons_o of_o pasture_n profit_n of_o fish_v or_o other_o commodity_n and_o such_o as_o have_v safety_n profit_n defence_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o charge_n recite_v by_o this_o law_n this_o word_n land_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n for_o it_o reach_v to_o house_n arable_a pasture_n meadow_n mill_n tofts_n and_o to_o all_o other_o edifice_n moor_n marish_n wood_n wood_n ground_n for_o all_o these_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o substance_n et_fw-fr omne_fw-la solo_fw-la cedet_fw-la and_o the_o several_a increase_v thereof_o be_v but_o quality_n the_o word_n tenement_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o land_n for_o it_o contain_v all_o which_o the_o word_n land_n do_v and_o all_o thing_n else_o which_o lie_v in_o tenure_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o labour_n lose_v to_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o particular_n thereof_o lord_n and_o tenant_n if_o there_o be_v lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o yearly_a rend_a service_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v rate_v as_o well_o for_o his_o rent_n as_o the_o tenant_n for_o his_o land_n to_o annual_a repair_n as_o well_o as_o to_o accidental_a by_o reason_n of_o these_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n rend_v tenure_n or_o profit_n here_o be_v full_a word_n to_o charge_v the_o lord_n for_o his_o rent_n and_o so_o rend_a charge_n and_o rend_v seck_fw-mi shall_v be_v subject_a to_o sess_v in_o this_o kind_n for_o otherwise_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v undo_v thereby_o in_o regard_n the_o rent_n go_v and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n may_v amount_v to_o as_o much_o almost_o as_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v but_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v so_o small_a as_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o gather_n then_o in_o discretion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v spare_v they_o for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la also_o whether_o the_o remainder_n man_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v rate_v and_o tax_v or_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n be_v a_o apt_a question_n for_o this_o place_n and_o therein_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o be_v dry_a and_o fruitless_a remainder_n and_o reversion_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v sess_v to_o the_o repair_v but_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n in_o possession_n shall_v be_v sole_o charge_v for_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n will_v cut_v off_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n by_o a_o recovery_n then_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v drown_v his_o estate_n by_o a_o overflow_n lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o for_o life_n and_o those_o in_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n then_o between_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o often_o case_n i_o have_v therefore_o take_v the_o more_o pain_n to_o resolve_v the_o same_o first_o the_o lessee_n be_v in_o the_o present_a possession_n and_o so_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o ordinary_a charge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v jeffray_v case_n jeffray_v case_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 5_o report_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v resolve_v that_o where_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o church_n there_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o the_o lessor_n though_o he_o have_v a_o yearly_a rent_n reserve_v for_o in_o point_n of_o the_o rent_n this_o case_n and_o that_o will_v differ_v by_o reason_n rent_n be_v express_o within_o this_o law_n but_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o a_o lessee_n where_o no_o rent_n be_v reserve_v in_o 17_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 6_o a_o ten_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o 4._o 17_o ed._n 4._o king_n by_o parliament_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n there_o take_v if_o the_o parliament_n have_v give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n the_o case_n of_o the_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n in_o reason_n resemble_v this_o case_n for_o the_o case_n be_v proxy_n case_n of_o proxy_n there_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o meath_z in_o ireland_n have_v a_o proxy_n of_o fifteen_o shilling_n payable_a out_o of_o the_o commandry_n of_o kells_n than_o parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o st._n john_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o after_o the_o say_a bishop_n grant_v the_o say_v proxy_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o after_o q._n elizabeth_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o commandry_n to_o dr._n forth_o reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n without_o mention_v the_o proxy_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o doctor_n forth_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a proxy_n with_o all_o the_o arrearage_n thereof_o which_o do_v incur_v in_o his_o time_n and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o rend_a charge_n the_o lessee_n be_v chargeable_a and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n and_o the_o composition_n money_n due_a therefore_o so_o that_o these_o case_n sway_v strong_o against_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a charge_n upon_o he_o and_o to_o exempt_v the_o lessor_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v here_o distinguish_v and_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o annual_a repair_n in_o ordinary_a thing_n and_o extraordinary_a repair_n for_o to_o furnish_v the_o defence_n with_o petty_a reparation_n they_o shall_v be_v lay_v only_o upon_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n but_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n bank_n or_o goat_n or_o sewer_n be_v to_o be_v build_v new_a and_o erect_v or_o if_o the_o ancient_a defence_n be_v decay_v in_o the_o main_a timber_n or_o in_o the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o here_o as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o charge_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a charge_n but_o do_v reach_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o inheritance_n as_o for_o petty_a reparation_n they_o be_v by_o intendment_n to_o continue_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v spend_v during_o the_o term_n and_o lease_n but_o these_o new_a defence_n be_v apparent_o do_v to_o save_v the_o inheritance_n and_o this_o difference_n hold_v good_a correspondency_n with_o other_o case_n in_o our_o law_n as_o in_o 49_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 1._o and_o 3_o eliz._n in_o dyer_n fol._n 198._o and_o in_o dier_n 49_o ed._n 3._o 3_o eliz._n dier_n that_o book_n again_o fol._n 134._o and_o in_o divers_a other_o book_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o house_n in_o lease_n decay_v in_o the_o groundsel_n post_n or_o balk_v in_o the_o great_a timber_n in_o direct_a wear_n by_o tract_n of_o time_n and_o not_o in_o default_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o lessee_n may_v take_v and_o cut_v up_o timber_n grow_v on_o the_o ground_n lease_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v at_o charge_n of_o workmanship_n for_o the_o repair_n be_v in_o matter_n of_o right_n and_o do_v the_o lessee_n good_a during_o his_o lease_n and_o the_o lessor_n after_o the_o expiration_n thereof_o and_o because_o these_o great_a repair_v extend_v to_o both_o their_o good_n therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v contributory_a thereto_o but_o if_o a_o house_n be_v decay_v in_o splint_v thack_n wall_v or_o in_o such_o
again_o to_o their_o successor_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n nevil_n in_o plo._n com._n a_o office_n of_o a_o parker_n be_v grant_v to_o two_o and_o a_o annuity_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o the_o annuity_n may_v not_o be_v sever_v from_o the_o office_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o manor_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n be_v at_o the_o first_o lay_v thereto_o or_o give_v therewithal_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o officer_n in_o his_o place_n by_o the_o founder_n and_o so_o may_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o without_o his_o consent_n and_o touch_v the_o intail_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n it_o be_v hold_v in_o mancel_v case_n in_o the_o comment_n of_o mr._n plowden_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o bailiff_n or_o receiver_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v be_v entail_v so_o a_o use_n and_o a_o copyhold_n because_o these_o concern_v and_o depend_v upon_o land_n but_o the_o office_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o hawk_n or_o the_o mastership_n of_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o de_fw-la donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la nor_o a_o annuity_n which_o charge_v the_o person_n yet_o all_o these_o may_v be_v give_v or_o grant_v within_o these_o entail_v limitation_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v no_o intail_v within_o that_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n can_v of_o itself_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n but_o have_v a_o manor_n belong_v to_o it_o make_v the_o question_n of_o more_o moment_n for_o as_o the_o office_n dese_fw-fr be_v not_o intailable_a so_o the_o land_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi may_v be_v entail_v but_o land_n in_o our_o case_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a but_o the_o accessary_a &_o accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_n and_o therefore_o see_v the_o land_n follow_v the_o office_n as_o the_o shadow_n do_v the_o body_n and_o pass_v out_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n by_o the_o ceremony_n belong_v to_o the_o office_n and_o not_o by_o the_o ceremony_n by_o which_o land_n be_v transfer_v and_o pass_v i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v it_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v such_o as_o the_o office_n of_o itself_o may_v bear_v which_o can_v not_o be_v entail_v yet_o because_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o forester_n with_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v in_o tail_n in_o 1_o h._n 7._o aforesaid_a with_o a_o remainder_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o thereof_o over_o in_o fee_n i_o be_o therefore_o conclude_v to_o make_v any_o further_a question_n of_o it_o and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o as_o i_o find_v it_o and_o do_v pass_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o other_o point_n second_o point_n the_o second_o common_a law_n point_n be_v whether_o this_o gift_n in_o my_o case_n be_v a_o frank-mariage_n or_o another_o entail_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o book_n that_o there_o be_v five_o thing_n incident_a to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank-mariage_n viz._n first_o it_o must_v be_v to_o or_o with_o a_o cousin_n within_o the_o four_o degree_n second_o the_o word_n frank-mariage_n must_v be_v literal_o express_v three_o the_o reversion_n must_v be_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n in_o the_o donor_n and_o then_o there_o be_v two_o other_o thing_n follow_v as_o consequent_n four_o acquital_n of_o payment_n of_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o five_o warranty_n to_o secure_v the_o estate_n and_o the_o want_n of_o these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o in_o the_o creation_n do_v destroy_v that_o estate_n in_o the_o conception_n here_o seem_v to_o be_v two_o impediment_n in_o my_o case_n to_o hinder_v this_o gift_n to_o take_v root_n as_o a_o frank_n marriage_n it_o be_v make_v abnepti_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cousin_n in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o the_o last_o in_o those_o gift_n whereby_o the_o gift_n that_o way_n can_v have_v his_o full_a operation_n for_o that_o the_o first_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n be_v out_o of_o the_o former_a privilege_n but_o in_o regard_n i_o take_v it_o that_o a_o frank_n marriage_n do_v more_o respect_n his_o original_a creation_n in_o incepto_fw-la than_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o the_o heir_n in_o svo_fw-la progressu_fw-la i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v no_o impediment_n to_o hinder_v this_o from_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n but_o here_o the_o word_n in_o the_o gift_n precede_v the_o word_n frank_a marriage_n do_v differ_v much_o from_o it_o for_o by_o the_o special_a limitation_n the_o heir_n female_n shall_v inherit_v with_o the_o heir_n male_n simul_n &_o semel_fw-la as_o heir_n in_o common_a but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o frank_n marriage_n heir_n males_n shall_v first_o inherit_v single_a and_o for_o want_v of_o they_o then_o the_o female_n i_o do_v agree_v the_o law_n that_o in_o case_n where_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n may_v in_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o word_n and_o limitation_n of_o art_n contain_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o gift_n shall_v be_v take_v a_o frank_a marriage_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 2_o h._n 3._o it._n suff_v fitz._n mordanc_n plac_fw-la 52._o where_o land_n be_v give_v 3._o 2_o h._n 3._o in_o frank_n marriage_n to_o r._n s._n cum_fw-la alicia_n sorore_fw-la le_fw-fr donor_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la dictae_fw-la aliciae_fw-la &_o puerorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la the_o land_n shall_v revert_v to_o the_o donor_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n and_o the_o word_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la be_v hold_v of_o no_o validity_n neither_o will_v the_o word_n of_o reservandum_fw-la redendum_fw-la tenendum_fw-la or_o warrantizandum_fw-la though_o they_o vary_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o frank_n marriage_n yet_o they_o shall_v not_o destroy_v the_o same_o as_o a_o habendum_fw-la may_v do_v which_o be_v the_o word_n who_o proper_a place_n be_v to_o create_v the_o estate_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o thing_n come_v therein_o which_o be_v repugnant_a thereunto_o the_o same_o will_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o case_n in_o 45_o edward_n the_o 3._o title_n tail_n 14_o and_o 31._o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o i._n s._n in_o frank_n marriage_n with_o b._n the_o daughter_n 3._o 45_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o donor_n habendum_fw-la to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o fee_n simple_a and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v where_o land_n be_v grant_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o frank_a marriage_n be_v defeat_v by_o the_o opinion_n in_o br._n case_n and_o so_o in_o my_o case_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reconciliation_n between_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n in_o my_o case_n and_o the_o word_n frank_n marriage_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o gift_n be_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n according_a to_o the_o special_a limitation_n and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n three_o point_n whether_o the_o bastard_n shall_v inherit_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o three_o common_a law_n question_n for_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o a_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n because_o adultery_n and_o fornication_n which_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o every_o bastard_n be_v opposite_a to_o marriage_n and_o in_o breach_n of_o that_o powerful_a link_n and_o knot_n of_o matrimony_n which_o be_v a_o ordinance_n derive_v from_o the_o divine_a power_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o therefore_o see_v marriage_n be_v the_o material_a consideration_n of_o such_o a_o gift_n bastardy_n the_o opposite_a can_v never_o be_v out_o of_o the_o consideration_n come_v within_o the_o privilege_n to_o inherit_v this_o estate_n so_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o i._o and_o s._n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v their_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o this_o gift_n because_o he_o be_v not_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v but_o if_o the_o word_n lawful_o have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o limitation_n than_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o a_o bastard_n may_v inherit_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n as_o to_o a_o fee_n simple_a conditional_a which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v at_o the_o common_a law_n see_v a_o estate_n tail_n may_v be_v make_v before_o marriage_n as_o expect_v to_o be_v confirm_v thereby_o and_o so_o a_o bastard_n bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v by_o the_o consummation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n make_v capable_a to_o inherit_v to_o they_o if_o his_o possession_n continue_v without_o disturbance_n to_o his_o death_n yet_o in_o blow_n com._n
discretion_n omit_v many_o other_o because_o i_o have_v rather_o trust_v to_o the_o worst_a certain_a law_n then_o to_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o the_o uncertain_a discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n according_a to_o the_o old_a say_n quoad_fw-la fieri_fw-la possit_fw-la quà m_fw-la plurima_fw-la legibus_fw-la ipsis_fw-la definiantur_fw-la ret._n aristotle_n ret._n quam_fw-la paucissima_fw-la vero_fw-la judicis_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la relinquantur_fw-la and_o herein_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v make_v good_a my_o word_n in_o this_o that_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o my_o argument_n that_o the_o say_v new_a bank_n and_o new_a river_n may_v well_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o by_o their_o good_a discretion_n and_o so_o may_v the_o say_v old_a sewer_n be_v repair_v and_o therefore_o these_o be_v end_v i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o rest_n remain_v my_o former_a labour_n have_v be_v to_o expound_v and_o declare_v what_o defence_n as_o well_o against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n as_o against_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v and_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o also_o new_o erect_v by_o the_o tenor_n and_o power_n of_o these_o law_n so_o that_o now_o it_o come_v very_o apt_o to_o be_v handle_v for_o what_o cause_n consideration_n and_o matter_n one_o shall_v or_o may_v be_v tie_v to_o the_o repair_n and_o keep_v thereof_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v these_o nine_o several_a way_n 1._o by_o frontage_n 2._o by_o ownership_n 3._o by_o prescription_n 4._o by_o custom_n 5._o by_o tenure_n 6._o by_o covenant_n 7._o per_fw-la usum_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o a_o township_n 9_o by_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o suppose_v i_o shall_v produce_v sufficient_a warrant_n and_o authority_n for_o to_o maintain_v all_o these_o distinction_n wherein_o i_o be_o desirous_a that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o who_o learning_n and_o instruction_n i_o have_v take_v these_o pain_n will_v apply_v themselves_o to_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o service_n herein_o careful_o and_o advise_o and_o like_a to_o skilful_a physician_n will_v apply_v fit_v medicine_n to_o the_o cure_n of_o every_o disease_n else_o shall_v they_o oftentimes_o opprimere_fw-la insontes_fw-la &_o dimittere_fw-la reos_fw-la but_o if_o they_o will_v serious_o cast_v their_o eye_n upon_o these_o ensue_a case_n they_o will_v be_v very_o helpful_a to_o they_o in_o their_o proceed_n frontage_n frontage_n be_v where_o the_o ground_n of_o any_o man_n do_v join_v with_o the_o brow_n or_o front_n thereof_o to_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o great_a or_o royal_a stream_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o royal_a river_n the_o property_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o ground_n adjoin_v be_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n who_o land_n do_v but_o and_o bind_v thereon_o but_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o royal_a river_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o former_o in_o my_o tractate_n of_o river_n may_v appear_v but_o in_o case_n of_o petty_a and_o mean_a river_n and_o stream_n the_o soil_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bank_n thereof_o do_v appertain_v to_o they_o who_o ground_n adjoyn_v thereto_o so_o that_o frontage_n and_o ownership_n in_o base_a inferior_a river_n do_v not_o differ_v but_o in_o great_a stream_n and_o the_o sea_n they_o do_v vary_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o it_o seem_v that_o the_o frontager_n be_v bind_v to_o 10._o 37_o assiz_n pl._n 10._o the_o repair_v and_o in_o 8_o h._n 7._o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v to_o a_o highway_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o by_o 7._o 8_o h._n 7._o these_o case_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n touch_v repair_v of_o the_o high_a stream_n and_o the_o highway_n in_o my_o opinion_n ownership_n the_o ownership_n of_o a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrrant_v to_o impose_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o upon_o he_o without_o be_v tie_v thereto_o by_o prescription_n as_o appear_v in_o 8_o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o it_o stand_v with_o 7._o 8_o h._n 7._o reason_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o own_o and_o the_o consideration_n be_v also_o move_v for_o that_o his_o ground_n which_o lie_v near_a the_o water_n be_v soon_o subject_a to_o drown_v and_o if_o any_o increase_n be_v upon_o the_o small_a river_n it_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n prescription_n and_o custom_n prescription_n and_o custom_n be_v much_o of_o one_o quality_n for_o in_o both_o of_o they_o the_o efficient_a matter_n be_v use_n to_o repair_v and_o the_o law_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o many_o of_o our_o book_n prescription_n do_v not_o bind_v or_o tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o thing_n unless_o it_o be_v ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o in_o this_o it_o do_v differ_v from_o custom_n for_o if_o it_o be_v present_v that_o a._n b._n and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n use_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n this_o presentment_n be_v void_a and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o party_n pro_fw-la ut_fw-la constat_fw-la in_o 21_o e._n 4._o 38._o 3._o 21_o ed._n 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o 19_o h._n 7._o 45_o e._n 3._o 7_o h._n 4._o 31._o 19_o h._n 7._o kelwey_n fol._n 52._o and_o 45_o e._n 3._o but_o body_n politic_a or_o coprorate_a may_v be_v by_o custom_n bind_v to_o repair_n without_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o presentment_n or_o indictment_n that_o they_o be_v to_o do_v the_o same_o ratione_fw-la talis_fw-la messuagii_fw-la terrae_fw-la aut_fw-la tenementi_fw-la and_o to_o that_o purpose_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 21_o e._n 4._o 38_o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitzherb_n title_n bar._n plac_n 103._o for_o 3._o 21._o e._n 4._o 44_o e._n 3._o there_o a_o prior_n be_v present_v that_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v use_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n which_o be_v in_o decay_n and_o this_o presentment_n though_o it_o charge_v no_o land_n be_v good_a and_o in_o 19_o hen._n 7._o aforesaid_a it_o be_v 7._o 19_o h._n 7._o say_v that_o one_o may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n ratione_fw-la resiantiae_fw-la but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o take_v but_o that_o he_o be_v charge_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o house_n he_o dwell_v in_o for_o resiantia_fw-la import_v so_o much_o also_o if_o a_o man_n and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v voluntary_o make_v a_o defence_n for_o a_o long_a season_n this_o will_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n thereto_o though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o in_o fee-simple_n for_o descend_v charge_n will_v not_o bind_v the_o heir_n unless_o he_o descend_v have_v asset_n as_o a_o equal_a consideration_n to_o bind_v he_o thereto_o neither_o will_v descend_a asset_n of_o land_n bind_v a_o heir_n in_o this_o case_n unless_o the_o land_n itself_o be_v real_o tie_v and_o charge_v tenure_n a_o man_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o law_n and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o book_n case_n of_o 11_o h._n 7._o fol._n 12._o be_v full_a in_o the_o point_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o a_o man_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n or_o if_o since_o that_o statute_n one_o have_v make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n to_o hold_v the_o same_o by_o repair_v a_o bridge_n the_o say_a feoffee_n and_o donee_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o say_a tenure_n to_o repair_v the_o say_a 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o bridge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 12_o h._n 7._o 18._o and_o 8._o 24_o h._n 8._o 24_o h._n br._n case_n fel._n 9_o and_o in_o porter_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n case_n porter_n case_n first_o report_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o repair_v way_n bridge_n calceys_n or_o such_o like_a this_o do_v bind_v the_o owner_n of_o those_o land_n to_o do_v those_o repair_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 12_o h._n 4._o fol._n 7._o the_o prior_n of_o st._n mark_v in_o bristol_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o common_a sewer_n and_o this_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v this_o point_n covenant_n so_o likewise_o a_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o his_o covenant_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n and_o he_o may_v bind_v himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o do_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o this_o covenant_n will_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n after_o his_o death_n unless_o there_o be_v leave_v asset_n in_o fee_n simple_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o say_a
seem_v most_o convenient_a these_o word_n literal_o take_v afford_v the_o construction_n to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n i_o find_v by_o many_o ancient_a book_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n that_o taxation_n and_o charge_n have_v be_v general_o lay_v upon_o township_n and_o hundred_o in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n as_o in_o the_o 37_o lib._n assize_n plac_n 10._o four_o several_a township_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o repair_v of_o a_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n thereon_o with_o boat_n and_o in_o 38_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o a_o township_n be_v there_o charge_v with_o assiz_o 37_o &_o 38._o assiz_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o bridge_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 15._o quod_fw-la nulla_fw-la villa_n nec_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la distringatur_fw-la facere_fw-la pontes_fw-la nisi_fw-la qui_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la facere_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la so_o that_o if_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la a_o township_n have_v use_v to_o repair_v bridge_n it_o be_v tie_v thereunto_o by_o the_o employ_v construction_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o cap._n 5._o give_v authority_n to_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o charge_v a_o county_n hundred_o or_o town_n with_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n if_o no_o certain_a person_n be_v special_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_n thereof_o and_o many_o time_n in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o book_n of_o our_o law_n we_o shall_v find_v township_n and_o hundred_o charge_v general_o as_o in_o doctor_n and_o student_n fol._n 74._o a_o township_n be_v amerce_v and_o by_o the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a statute_n of_o winchester_n a_o township_n shall_v be_v amerce_v for_o the_o escape_n of_o a_o robber_n by_o the_o highway_n and_o 3_o ed._n 3._o title_n corone_n in_o fitz._n pl._n 293._o a_o township_n be_v amerce_v for_o the_o escape_n of_o a_o murderer_n and_o in_o 11_o h._n 4._o 2._o brook_z 94._o a_o town_n be_v sess_v for_o the_o expense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o may_v be_v levy_v on_o any_o person_n good_n of_o the_o town_n and_o this_o be_v for_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o person_n and_o for_o the_o infiniteness_n of_o the_o number_n of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v say_v in_o richard_n godfrey_n case_n but_o it_o may_v hap_n be_v object_v on_o the_o other_o part_n that_o if_o a_o town_n or_o hundred_o may_v be_v joint_o tax_v than_o it_o may_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o man_v good_n which_o have_v no_o ground_n subject_a to_o the_o charge_n and_o which_o can_v reap_v nor_o take_v any_o hurt_n thereby_o may_v come_v to_o be_v distrain_v for_o the_o whole_a tax_n rate_n or_o sess_v of_o the_o town_n and_o another_o man_n which_o have_v great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n there_o subject_a to_o danger_n may_v escape_v free_a and_o therefore_o such_o exposition_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o say_a law_n be_v not_o within_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_v of_o equality_n and_o another_o objection_n may_v also_o be_v make_v that_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o a_o express_a statute_n or_o custom_n a_o assess_v rate_n or_o tax_v may_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o hundred_o as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o the_o 22_o h._n 8._o and_o other_o former_o mention_v but_o such_o exposition_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o of_o sewer_n i_o do_v confess_v that_o if_o these_o two_o objection_n can_v not_o be_v answer_v i_o shall_v change_v my_o opinion_n it_o be_v true_a that_o if_o a_o tax_n or_o sess_v have_v be_v set_v upon_o a_o hundred_o by_o the_o say_a stature_n of_o winchester_n for_o the_o escape_n of_o a_o robber_n and_o that_o charge_n have_v be_v levy_v upon_o one_o man_n good_n of_o the_o town_n as_o it_o may_v have_v be_v he_o have_v have_v no_o remedy_n to_o cause_v his_o fellow_n townsman_n to_o be_v contributer_n to_o he_o to_o bear_v equal_a share_n with_o he_o and_o so_o if_o the_o party_n rob_v have_v recover_v by_o action_n against_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o good_n of_o one_o in_o the_o hundred_o have_v be_v take_v in_o execution_n he_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o get_v contribution_n and_o yet_o that_o law_n carry_v that_o defect_n with_o it_o three_o hundred_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o till_o in_o the_o 27_o year_n of_o queen_n eliz._n cap._n 13._o wherein_o order_n be_v take_v that_o if_o some_o one_o or_o few_o man_n good_n be_v take_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o recovery_n in_o a_o action_n take_v against_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o party_n rob_v he_o or_o they_o shall_v have_v contribution_n which_o before_o that_o statute_n of_o 27_o of_o elizabeth_n can_v not_o be_v have_v but_o to_o give_v answer_n to_o the_o two_o objection_n first_o if_o in_o our_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n a_o township_n shall_v be_v tax_v yet_o this_o tax_n can_v not_o be_v take_v or_o levy_v but_o only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v ground_n within_o the_o charge_n which_o have_v good_a by_o the_o repair_n or_o may_v have_v hurt_v by_o the_o neglect_n thereof_o for_o in_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 35._o it_o be_v say_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v in_o the_o tax_n and_o the_o collector_n do_v distrain_v the_o good_n of_o a_o man_n of_o the_o town_n who_o be_v not_o chargeable_a thereto_o that_o party_n may_v have_v and_o take_v his_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o distrainer_n and_o collector_n for_o that_o he_o at_o his_o peril_n must_v look_v well_o to_o it_o that_o he_o who_o good_n be_v take_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o charge_n so_o in_o our_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n if_o the_o good_n of_o one_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o tax_n or_o assess_v impose_v be_v take_v he_o may_v have_v his_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o distrainer_n and_o shall_v recover_v his_o damage_n thereby_o so_o this_o salve_n cure_v one_o of_o the_o say_a malady_n but_o then_o the_o case_n go_v further_a that_o if_o the_o good_n of_o one_o man_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a sesse_n of_o the_o town_n and_o he_o be_v such_o a_o person_n as_o in_o truth_n be_v chargeable_a thereunto_o he_o can_v have_v no_o action_n against_o the_o distrainer_n for_o take_v his_o cattle_n for_o he_o be_v such_o a_o person_n as_o can_v excuse_v himself_o but_o that_o he_o be_v chargeable_a this_o indeed_o draw_v the_o case_n to_o a_o desperate_a issue_n for_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o great_a a_o mischief_n as_o ever_o the_o statute_n of_o winchester_n do_v ever_o suffer_v which_o be_v remedy_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 27_o eliz._n but_o our_o case_n have_v not_o such_o a_o cure_n provide_v therefore_o it_o put_v i_o to_o the_o old_a adage_n of_o law_n better_o it_o be_v to_o suffer_v a_o mischief_n to_o one_o or_o more_o particular_a person_n then_o to_o permit_v a_o inconvenience_n to_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n which_o concern_v a_o multitude_n but_o yet_o i_o shall_v give_v this_o objection_n a_o better_a answer_n i_o hope_v then_o with_o a_o old_a adage_n for_o in_o our_o case_n the_o party_n who_o good_n be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a town_n be_v not_o without_o a_o fit_a and_o convenient_a remedy_n for_o when_o his_o good_n be_v take_v and_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o pay_v the_o who_o sessment_n of_o the_o town_n he_o may_v make_v his_o complaint_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o may_v give_v in_o the_o particular_a name_n of_o every_o townsman_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o each_o man_n estate_n which_o be_v charge_v thereto_o or_o the_o true_a value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o may_v crave_v of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o make_v they_o all_o to_o contribute_v every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o portion_n of_o land_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v a_o proportionable_a rate_n upon_o every_o of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o his_o ground_n by_o way_n of_o contribution_n and_o may_v award_v process_n to_o force_n and_o compel_v they_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a party_n whereby_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o party_n so_o distrain_v have_v a_o direct_a remedy_n to_o come_v by_o his_o loss_n in_o doctor_n and_o student_n a_o whole_a town_n be_v amerce_v and_o they_o meet_v together_o by_o common_a consent_n and_o assess_v and_o rate_v every_o man_n equal_o according_a to_o his_o ability_n and_o allow_v of_o as_o a_o good_a cause_n but_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v if_o they_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o every_o man_n estate_n rate_n in_o the_o primary_n and_o original_a
in_o their_o convocation_n house_n a_o council_n mere_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o then_o be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n of_o which_o house_n also_o they_o be_v a_o member_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n see_v tithe_n be_v so_o sacred_a a_o duty_n that_o a_o layman_n can_v not_o have_v any_o help_n for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v exempt_a from_o temporal_a and_o profane_a use_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v rate_v or_o tax_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o tithe_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o temporal_a or_o layman_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v by_o these_o law_n for_o when_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o hand_n tunc_fw-la res_fw-la spirituales_fw-la fiunt_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o transeunt_fw-la decimae_fw-la in_o catalla_fw-la but_o i_o must_v here_o leave_v these_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o their_o church_n living_n there_o be_v another_o point_n of_o this_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o some_o of_o their_o possession_n as_o to_o their_o gleab_n land_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n and_o their_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n for_o these_o be_v not_o sacred_a as_o tithe_n be_v but_o come_v to_o they_o by_o the_o benevolent_a gift_n of_o layman_n and_o not_o ex_fw-la duo_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o evangelii_n as_o tithe_n do_v and_o so_o they_o take_v that_o burden_n with_o they_o from_o the_o lay-donor_n which_o after_o may_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o such_o parson_n vicar_n or_o other_o spiritual_a person_n which_o hold_v a_o plough_n land_n in_o culture_n be_v chargeable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o mar._n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n as_o other_o lay_v man_n be_v but_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v ecclesiastical_a officer_n use_v as_o churchwarden_n whereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o that_o statute_n have_v a_o eye_n to_o bring_v ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o and_o so_o for_o their_o house_n and_o ground_n i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v within_o these_o law_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o the_o own_o land_n be_v also_o chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o on_o earth_n within_o his_o dominion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v caput_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o as_o much_o reason_n be_v it_o to_o exempt_v his_o possession_n as_o theris_fw-la if_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n shall_v bear_v any_o such_o sway_n in_o the_o case_n also_o i_o do_v find_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n that_o abbey_n priory_n and_o other_o spiritual_a possession_n have_v be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n banks_n and_o highway_n by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 82_o 83._o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n 3._o 11_o h_n 4._o 44._o e._n 3._o title_n bar._n pl._n 301._o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o by_o a_o very_o express_v and_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n in_o a_o clergy_n man_n hand_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o the_o repair_v of_o bridge_n way_n wall_n or_o sea_n banks_n but_o not_o without_o a_o direct_a affirmative_a custom_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o they_o may_v as_o well_o endure_v a_o charge_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o a_o charge_n in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v sess_v for_o his_o tithe_n by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o of_o this_o law_n a_o copyholder_n here_o be_v also_o a_o copyholder_n tax_v within_o my_o case_n for_o his_o copyhold_n land_n and_o whether_o he_o for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o freehold_a of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v therefore_o be_v another_o question_n a_o copyhold_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yield_v and_o afford_v to_o the_o lord_n seignory_n rent_n fines_n due_a upon_o admittance_n and_o such_o like_a duty_n but_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o real_a and_o visible_a profit_n of_o the_o soil_n &_o therefore_o both_o lord_n &_o copyholder_n receive_v et_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la by_o the_o say_a defence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o full_a in_o this_o point_n of_o sesse_v viz._n to_o inquire_v who_o have_v and_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n or_o loss_n by_o any_o mean_n in_o or_o near_o the_o say_a place_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n hold_v the_o say_a land_n in_o tenure_n though_o not_o in_o culture_n and_o many_o way_n may_v have_v hurt_v and_o damage_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o lord_n shall_v lose_v his_o freehold_n of_o the_o soil_n his_o seignory_n yearly_a rent_n and_o fine_n for_o admittance_n and_o all_o other_o perquesites_n so_o that_o the_o say_v word_n of_o this_o stature_n beat_v main_o upon_o he_o but_o as_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o be_v urge_v against_o he_o so_o there_o be_v matter_n to_o exempt_v he_o from_o this_o charge_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o the_o copyholder_n first_o though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n yet_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o freehold_a thereof_o but_o in_o imagination_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o copyholder_n be_v pernor_n and_o taker_n of_o the_o visible_a and_o substantial_a profit_n second_o the_o charge_n of_o repair_n respect_v the_o possessioner_n in_o presenti_fw-la which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o not_o imaginary_a owner_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v and_o three_o if_o the_o lord_n &_o owner_n shall_v both_o be_v charge_v pro_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la re_fw-la which_o the_o law_n do_v never_o permit_v for_o this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n of_o lord_n and_o commoner_n they_o there_o shall_v be_v charge_v the_o one_o for_o his_o soil_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o common_a for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v the_o immediate_a proprietor_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o have_v the_o present_a and_o real_a occupation_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o the_o commoner_n have_v the_o use_n of_o his_o common_a and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v tax_v to_o these_o repair_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectis_fw-la but_o for_o the_o copyholder_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o he_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n for_o in_o heidons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n case_n hcidons_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o copyholder_n be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v extend_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o nor_o in_o extent_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n and_o de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la for_o if_o they_o shall_v then_o may_v the_o sheriff_n make_v the_o lord_n new_a tenant_n without_o surrender_n and_o admittance_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o life_n and_o essence_n of_o all_o copyhold_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o good_a rule_n put_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o heidon_n that_o be_v that_o where_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n service_n estate_n or_o custom_n there_o copyhold_n may_v well_o be_v within_o those_o statute_n therefore_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n will_v in_o any_o sort_n hurt_n or_o prejudice_v the_o lord_n or_o no_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o law_n tend_v as_o much_o to_o the_o wealth_n and_o welfare_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o any_o can_v do_v and_o in_o rate_v and_o assess_v these_o copyhold_n to_o the_o repair_v of_o bank_n wall_n and_o sewer_n etc._n etc._n it_o alter_v neither_o the_o copyholder_n interest_n nor_o the_o lord_n tenure_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o sort_n prejudice_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o than_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o sesse_v be_v impose_v upon_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o land_n and_o be_v not_o pay_v these_o law_n give_v sale_n of_o land_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o only_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v material_a to_o exempt_v a_o copyholder_n out_o of_o these_o law_n for_o clear_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o decree_v the_o copyhold_n land_n away_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o sesse_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyholder_n though_o he_o be_v not_o within_o
dispose_v of_o they_o four_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o clerk_n proper_a to_o themselves_o to_o register_n their_o law_n five_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v judgement_n in_o effect_n and_o some_o of_o they_o can_v be_v reverse_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o last_o writ_n of_o error_n have_v be_v bring_v to_o reverse_v judgement_n give_v in_o that_o court_n for_o all_o which_o cause_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n of_o record_n although_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v in_o aliquo_fw-la loco_fw-la certo_fw-la so_o be_v the_o king_n bench_n a_o court_n of_o more_o eminency_n than_o this_o but_o ubicunque_fw-la fuerimus_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la and_o for_o express_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n of_o gregory_n case_n in_o the_o 6_o report_n of_o cook_n chief_a justice_n that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n imprisonment_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o high_a consequence_n whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o these_o law_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n for_o any_o thing_n touch_v the_o same_o for_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n seem_v to_o sway_v somewhat_o against_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o freeborn_a subject_n and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o bonham_n case_n 28_o h._n 8._o in_o dyer_n that_o liberty_n be_v a_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n much_o favore_v and_o i_o find_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n that_o the_o judge_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a and_o curious_a in_o not_o extend_v word_n contain_v in_o charter_n to_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n unless_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o point_n and_o therefore_o in_o clerk_n case_n in_o sir_n ed._n cook_n 5_o report_n fol._n 64._o case_n clark_n case_n the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o term_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v at_o st._n alban_n and_o the_o major_a there_o and_o his_o brethren_n do_v assess_v every_o townsman_n towards_o erect_v and_o build_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o make_v a_o order_n that_o he_o which_o shall_v refuse_v to_o assist_v and_o pay_v shall_v be_v imprison_v and_o one_o be_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v bring_v his_o action_n of_o false_a imprisonment_n against_o the_o major_n who_o plead_v in_o effect_n that_o they_o be_v incorporate_a by_o king_n edward_n 6._o and_o have_v power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o their_o alban_n major_a of_o st._n alban_n charter_n to_o make_v ordinance_n by_o reason_n whereof_o they_o make_v the_o say_a order_n and_o so_o justify_v the_o imprisonment_n but_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o the_o major_n for_o that_o by_o the_o say_a charter_n they_o have_v not_o any_o power_n to_o make_v a_o ordinance_n to_o imprison_v a_o man_n body_n for_o that_o be_v against_o the_o grand_a charter_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la imprisonetur_fw-la charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la but_o by_o that_o book_n they_o may_v have_v inflict_v a_o penalty_n and_o have_v distrain_v or_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o it_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n in_o the_o 8._o report_n king_n hen._n 8._o incorporate_v the_o physician_n of_o london_n and_o give_v they_o power_n by_o charter_n to_o examine_v the_o imperites_fw-la &_o to_o find_v out_o the_o defect_n et_fw-la pro_fw-la delictis_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o non_fw-la bene_fw-la exequendo_fw-la faciendo_fw-la &_o utendo_fw-la illos_fw-la per_fw-la punitionem_fw-la eorum_fw-la delinquentium_fw-la per_fw-la fine_n amerciamentum_fw-la &_o imprisonomentum_fw-la corporum_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o i_o find_v their_o charter_n confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o in_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o queen_n do_v award_v a_o commission_n direct_v to_o certain_a commissioner_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o controversy_n betwixt_o scrog_n and_o colshil_n touch_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la and_o that_o if_o scrog_n shall_v refuse_v to_o obey_v to_o make_v answer_n before_o they_o they_o shall_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o last_o commission_n i_o much_o doubt_n of_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n have_v no_o power_n to_o commit_v any_o man_n but_o if_o any_o abuse_n or_o misdemeanour_n be_v commit_v in_o contempt_n or_o derogation_n of_o their_o authority_n they_o may_v make_v certificate_n thereof_o into_o the_o chancery_n and_o refer_v the_o punishment_n thereof_o to_o the_o will_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o lord_n keeper_n for_o the_o time_n be_v in_o godfrey_n case_n in_o the_o 11_o report_n there_o be_v a_o discourse_n what_o case_n godfrey_n case_n court_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o which_o not_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v some_o court_n may_v fine_a but_o not_o imprison_v as_o the_o court_v leet_n and_o sheriff_n turn_v some_o other_o can_v neither_o fine_a nor_o imprison_v as_o court_n baron_n and_o county_n court_v and_o some_o can_v neither_o fine_a imprison_v nor_o amerce_v as_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o some_o may_v imprison_v and_o not_o fine_a as_o chief_a constable_n at_o their_o petty_a session_n for_o a_o affray_n do_v in_o disturbance_n of_o they_o and_o other_o court_n there_o be_v which_o may_v fine_a imprison_v and_o amerce_v as_o the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o court_n nor_o to_o every_o offence_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o court_n of_o record_n but_o be_v authorize_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v word_n in_o the_o commission_n and_o statute_n which_o will_v bear_v this_o construction_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v viz._n and_o all_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v find_v negligent_a gainsay_v or_o rebel_n in_o the_o work_n reparation_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n or_o negligent_a in_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o commissioner_n that_o you_o compel_v they_o by_o distress_n fines_n and_o amerciament_n and_o by_o other_o punishment_n way_n or_o mean_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n be_v strong_a and_o large_a enough_o to_o authorise_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a cause_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o here_o they_o be_v to_o be_v careful_a and_o not_o to_o think_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v fine_a or_o amerce_v in_o any_o case_n because_o the_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o but_o this_o construction_n must_v be_v thereof_o make_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v where_o imprisonment_n be_v due_a and_o fine_a in_o case_n fineable_a and_o amerce_v in_o case_n amerciable_a and_o distrain_v where_o a_o distress_n proper_o lie_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o they_o may_v not_o imprison_v where_o by_o the_o law_n imprisonment_n be_v not_o due_a but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a punnishment_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o its_o proper_a kind_n for_o these_o word_n promiscuous_o put_v together_o must_v be_v order_v by_o a_o just_a and_o legal_a construction_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o i_o have_v know_v the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n general_o and_o promiscuous_o put_v together_o have_v be_v marshal_v according_a to_o their_o distributive_a operation_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o rich._n 3._o which_o be_v that_o all_o feoffment_n gift_n grant_n release_v and_o confirmation_n of_o land_n make_v by_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v be_v good_a yet_o though_o these_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o notwithstanding_o the_o wise_a and_o discreet_a sage_n and_o expositor_n of_o our_o law_n have_v so_o marshal_v the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o make_v construction_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o possession_n may_v make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n may_v grant_v the_o land_n and_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n of_o a_o discontinue_v estate_n may_v release_v or_o confirm_v and_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v general_a howsoever_o reason_n must_v be_v the_o expositor_n that_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o due_a form_n of_o law_n and_o not_o in_o preposterous_a manner_n and_o these_o matter_n be_v thus_o pass_v over_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v myself_o to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v fine_a and_o amerce_v and_o where_o not_o imprisonment_n fine_a and_o amerciament_n fines_n if_o one_o
be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a power_n to_o supercede_v a_o court_n of_o high_a power_n yet_o if_o one_o sue_v a_o replevin_n which_o afterward_o in_o bank_n be_v abate_v and_o a_o return_n of_o the_o cattle_n there_o award_v another_o replevin_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o book_n of_o 34_o h._n 6._o fol._n 37._o and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n cap._n 2._o but_o these_o new_a replevin_n come_v out_o of_o the_o 6._o 34_o h._n 6._o say_a court_n where_o the_o former_a be_v for_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o sheriff_n can_v make_v deliverance_n by_o his_o warrant_n of_o cattle_n contrary_a to_o the_o award_n and_o return_v of_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o a_o retorno_n habendo_fw-la and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n of_o secunda_n deliberatione_n be_v now_o to_o be_v award_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o court_n whence_o the_o retorno_n habendo_fw-la come_n and_o if_o one_o will_v resemble_v this_o case_n with_o other_o authority_n and_o with_o the_o reason_n of_o other_o book_n case_n of_o the_o law_n it_o will_v be_v make_v thereby_o apparent_a that_o the_o high_a court_n may_v take_v or_o remove_v a_o cause_n out_o of_o the_o inferior_a court_n but_o not_o econtra_fw-la neither_o can_v the_o inferior_a court_n supersede_n the_o superior_a for_o if_o one_o be_v implead_v in_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n and_o in_o come_v towards_o london_n he_o be_v arrest_v in_o a_o corporation_n court_n he_o may_v be_v deliver_v thence_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o superior_a court_n to_o the_o which_o he_o be_v attendant_a &_o the_o power_n of_o the_o inferior_a court_n shall_v be_v supercede_v thereby_o as_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v in_o divers_a of_o our_o book_n by_o the_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o one_o person_n be_v in_o the_o privilege_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n court_n can_v not_o just_o be_v imprison_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o inferior_a court_n and_o in_o stringfellows_n case_n in_o 3_o ed._n 6._o dier_n fol._n 67._o the_o good_n of_o one_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o 6._o 3_o ed._n 6._o sheriff_n by_o process_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n for_o a_o subject_a and_o after_o seizure_n and_o before_o delivery_n thereof_o be_v make_v a_o writ_n of_o prerogative_n come_v out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n rehearse_v thereby_o that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v before_o any_o other_o and_o command_v the_o sheriff_n to_o levy_v the_o same_o on_o the_o good_n of_o the_o same_o debtor_n and_o whether_o these_o good_n that_o lay_v under_o the_o power_n of_o a_o process_n in_o one_o court_n may_v be_v take_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o power_n of_o another_o court_n be_v the_o question_n and_o the_o better_a opinion_n therein_o as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v that_o they_o can_v not_o for_o that_o by_o the_o former_a process_n they_o be_v privilege_v from_o all_o other_o jurisdiction_n power_n and_o authority_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o inferior_a degree_n yet_o there_o be_v two_o case_n which_o not_o be_v curious_o look_v into_o make_v show_v as_o if_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o the_o one_o be_v in_o the_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 2._o where_o the_o good_n of_o i._o s._n be_v take_v in_o execution_n by_o the_o sheriff_n by_o a_o fieri_fw-la facias_fw-la which_o come_v out_o of_o 4._o 11_o h._n 4._o the_o king_n court_n of_o westminster_n and_o the_o sheriff_n sell_v they_o to_o i._o d._n and_o there_o be_v a_o replevin_n sue_v in_o that_o case_n but_o no_o deliverance_n make_v of_o the_o cattle_n in_o court_n and_o the_o other_o case_n be_v in_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 28._o good_n be_v take_v by_o a_o levy_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o they_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o bailiff_n &_o there_o be_v also_o a_o replevin_n sue_v but_o no_o deliverance_n make_v of_o the_o cattle_n in_o court_n neither_o will_v the_o court_n order_v the_o defendant_n to_o gage_v deliverance_n so_o that_o by_o these_o two_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v what_o a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v though_o another_o court_n have_v former_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o cattle_n take_v by_o the_o distress_n but_o under_o favour_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v easy_o reconcile_v these_o book_n and_o shall_v make_v it_o to_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v against_o my_o opinion_n former_o deliver_v upon_o this_o diversity_n that_o when_o the_o good_n be_v seize_v or_o take_v by_o process_n and_o remain_v by_o the_o virtue_n thereof_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o of_o his_o bailiff_n during_o that_o time_n no_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o the_o case_n but_o after_o such_o time_n as_o the_o good_n or_o cattle_n be_v sell_v away_o as_o in_o the_o say_v two_o case_n former_o allege_v they_o be_v then_o against_o the_o party_n that_o buy_v they_o or_o any_o other_o a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o the_o case_n for_o after_o the_o sale_n they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o former_a party_n and_o then_o a_o replevin_n may_v well_o take_v hold_v of_o they_o be_v out_o of_o all_o other_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o same_o difference_n i_o take_v in_o this_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n that_o be_v that_o so_o long_o as_o good_n distrain_v by_o warrant_n and_o process_n out_o of_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n remain_v in_o the_o custody_n thereof_o they_o be_v not_o replevisable_v by_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o of_o his_o deputy_n but_o after_o they_o be_v sell_v away_o then_o by_o the_o sale_n thereof_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n and_o then_o the_o sheriff_n may_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o replevin_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v unto_o i_o that_o in_o rook_n case_n a_o replevin_n be_v take_v against_o he_o which_o detain_v the_o distress_n by_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v true_a the_o book_n be_v so_o which_o case_n i_o admit_v and_o that_o the_o replevin_n be_v well_o grant_v there_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o it_o do_v not_o contradict_v my_o say_a opinion_n because_o there_o carter_n be_v assess_v but_o the_o good_n of_o rook_n be_v take_v and_o detain_v for_o the_o sesse_n and_o rook_n do_v sue_v the_o replevin_n which_o he_o may_v well_o do_v because_o against_o he_o or_o his_o good_n there_o be_v not_o any_o law_n of_o sewer_n extant_a or_o in_o force_n neither_o be_v he_o or_o his_o good_n within_o the_o privilege_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o carter_n cattle_n have_v be_v take_v who_o be_v the_o very_a party_n sess_v he_o can_v have_v have_v no_o replevin_n from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o deliver_v his_o cattle_n but_o although_o a_o replevin_n do_v not_o lie_v in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v a_o distress_n of_o sewer_n yet_o out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o those_o case_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 18._o do_v afford_v we_o in_o this_o marsh_n ch_z romney_n marsh_n case_n a_o very_a good_a precedent_n for_o there_o complaint_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o thereby_o that_o whereas_o his_o highness_n have_v appoint_v and_o authorize_v henry_n de_fw-fr bathonia_n to_o be_v his_o justice_n and_o to_o determine_v the_o difference_n depend_v and_o touch_v the_o repair_n of_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o say_a marsh_n he_o have_v ordain_v that_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o 24._o jurator_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la vicecome_v aut_fw-la alius_fw-la balivus_fw-la noster_fw-la intromittat_fw-la in_o districtionibus_fw-la illis_fw-la tu_fw-la tamen_fw-la mean_v the_o sheriff_n of_o kent_n nihilominus_fw-la districtiones_fw-la illas_fw-la propter_fw-la hoc_fw-la factum_fw-la per_fw-la vigint_fw-la quatuor_fw-la juratores_fw-la in_o prejudicio_fw-la considerationis_fw-la eorundem_fw-la reluxasti_fw-la tibi_fw-la igitur_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la districtionibus_fw-la illis_fw-la in_o nullo_n te_fw-la intromittas_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o like_a matter_n be_v there_o also_o so_o determine_v of_o pag._n 7._o by_o the_o which_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o sheriff_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la may_v not_o meddle_v with_o such_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o charter_n pag._n 8._o the_o word_n be_v further_o quod_fw-la siquis_fw-la de_fw-la consideratione_n predict_v '_o districtionis_fw-la se_fw-la injust_a gravat_fw-la '_o sentiret_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la conqueri_fw-la vellet_fw-la ad_fw-la ipsum_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la querelam_fw-la svam_fw-la deferret_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la sva_fw-la justiciam_fw-la fieri_fw-la facere_fw-la reservasset_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o replevin_n lie_v
do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n in_o my_o opinion_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v end_v my_o argument_n touch_v decree_n and_o i_o take_v it_o though_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n be_v entail_v yet_o the_o sale_n thereof_o may_v be_v make_v by_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o now_o only_o remain_v under_o my_o censure_n to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v justice_n in_o refuse_v to_o admit_v of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v tender_v to_o they_o by_o a._n and_o e._n wherein_o may_v come_v just_o into_o our_o consideration_n these_o thing_n viz._n whether_o traverse_n plea_n of_o exemption_n and_o other_o legal_a proceed_n may_v be_v have_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n or_o not_o save_v i_o add_v this_o that_o these_o decree_n of_o sale_n be_v bind_v must_v be_v certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o legal_a proceed_n traverse_n to_o enter_v into_o these_o part_n of_o my_o law_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o begin_v with_o traverse_n and_o to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n whether_o such_o plea_n and_o proceed_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o this_o court_n for_o a_o traverse_n be_v a_o plea_n of_o the_o party_n contain_v matter_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o that_o that_o the_o party_n stand_v accuse_v of_o or_o which_o be_v lay_v to_o his_o charge_n and_o in_o some_o case_n our_o book_n and_o authority_n of_o law_n admit_v the_o party_n to_o a_o traverse_v and_o in_o other_o case_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v deny_v for_o in_o the_o 5_o h._n 7._o fol._n 9_o &_o 45_o ed._n 3._o fol._n &_o 28_o h._n 8._o in_o dier_n fol._n 13._o if_o one_o be_v present_v in_o a_o leet_n court_n for_o a_o blowipe_n or_o any_o other_o personal_a 8._o 5_o h._n 7._o 45_o ed._n 3._o 28_o h._n 8._o wrong_n this_o presentment_n be_v not_o traversable_a but_o the_o party_n be_v without_o remedy_n therein_o though_o the_o presentment_n be_v false_a and_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o untrue_a and_o the_o law_n be_v so_o also_o of_o such_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o a_o sheriff_n turn_v and_o herewithal_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 2_o r._n 3._o 11._o and_o 19_o h._n 8._o 11._o 4._o 2_o r._n 3_o 19_o h._n 8._o 5_o h._n 7._o 8_o ed._n 4._o fitz_n assiz_n plac_fw-la 442._o and_o 8_o ed._n 4._o 5._o and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v deliver_v in_o 5_o h._n 7._o because_o no_o process_n be_v there_o awardable_a against_o the_o party_n to_o call_v he_o to_o answer_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o book_n of_o 5_o h._n 7._o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o presentment_n be_v make_v which_o touch_v a_o man_n freehold_a he_o may_v there_o traverse_v the_o same_o but_o i_o take_v it_o the_o party_n must_v first_o remove_v the_o presentment_n into_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o there_o traverse_v it_o for_o in_o the_o court_n leet_n in_o my_o opinion_n there_o can_v be_v no_o traverse_n take_v or_o try_v no_o more_o where_o the_o presentment_n touch_v freehold_a then_o where_o it_o only_o concern_v a_o personal_a wrong_n therefore_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o 5_o h._n 7._o can_v be_v the_o true_a cause_n wherefore_o in_o personal_a wrong_n the_o presentment_n can_v be_v traverse_v but_o the_o very_a true_a reason_n therein_o be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o because_o these_o petty_a presentment_n be_v of_o such_o petty_a trifle_a matter_n that_o in_o avoidance_n of_o trouble_n the_o law_n esteem_v they_o not_o worthy_a of_o traverse_n and_o trial_n and_o justice_n fairfax_n in_o 5_o h._n 7._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o presentment_n make_v before_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o a_o session_n be_v traversable_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v stanford_n fol._n 183._o and_o in_o other_o court_n of_o law_n there_o oftentimes_o fall_v out_o matter_n which_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o take_v a_o traverse_v unto_o and_o in_o some_o other_o case_n he_o shall_v as_o by_o these_o succeed_a authority_n may_v appear_v in_o the_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 7._o a_o presentment_n be_v take_v before_o green_a and_o ingham_n justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n that_o i._o s._n who_o have_v kill_v a._n have_v good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o eighty_o pound_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o john_n lombard_n and_o upon_o this_o presentment_n a_o scire-facias_a be_v award_v against_o john_n lombard_n to_o show_v cause_n wherefore_o these_o good_n shall_v not_o be_v seize_v to_o the_o king_n use_n john_n lombard_n come_v in_o and_o tender_v a_o plea_n to_o the_o presentment_n that_o these_o good_n be_v not_o the_o felon_n but_o that_o they_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o to_o keep_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o cardinal_n of_o rome_n and_o he_o be_v there_o admit_v to_o this_o plea_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 45_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 26._o express_o yet_o in_o that_o book_n and_o mr._n stanford_n fol._n 185._o it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o it_o be_v present_v before_o a_o coroner_n that_o i._o s._n kill_v a._n b._n and_o flee_v for_o the_o same_o fact_n and_o after_o upon_o his_o trial_n he_o be_v acquit_v yet_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n upon_o the_o fugam_fw-la fecit_fw-la before_o the_o coroner_n and_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o take_v any_o traverse_n to_o the_o say_a presentment_n in_o that_o point_n the_o difference_n in_o which_o two_o case_n be_v this_o in_o my_o opinion_n that_o a_o stranger_n as_o john_n lombard_n be_v in_o the_o the_o first_o case_n shall_v not_o be_v peremptory_o conclude_v for_o it_o be_v no_o reason_n one_o man_v good_n shall_v be_v forfeit_v in_o another_o man_n default_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o answer_n thereunto_o but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n in_o terror_n of_o felon_n though_o he_o be_v acquit_v of_o the_o felony_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o acquit_v of_o the_o fly_a and_o he_o may_v be_v guilty_a notwithstanding_o his_o acquittal_n there_o be_v other_o case_n in_o the_o law_n which_o admit_v no_o traverse_n as_o in_o james_n bag_n case_n cook_n 11._o rep._n case_n james_n bagâ—_n case_n where_o a_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o major_a and_o burgess_n of_o plymouth_n to_o restore_v bag_n to_o his_o alderman_n place_n there_o which_o they_o have_v put_v he_o from_o and_o they_o return_v a_o cause_n sufficient_a to_o bar_v he_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v false_a yet_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o his_o traverse_n therein_o neither_o can_v a_o traverse_n be_v admit_v in_o the_o certificate_n of_o the_o bishop_n wherein_o be_v contain_v that_o i._o a._n parson_n of_o dle_n have_v refuse_v to_o pay_v his_o dime_n to_o the_o king_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o parson_n lose_v his_o benefice_n which_o case_n be_v in_o br._n case_n temp_n he._n 8._o pl._n 332._o 7._o br._n case_n 7_o h._n 4._o 21_o h._n 7._o and_o dier_n fol._n 116._o and_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 4._o and_o 21_o h._n 7._o 8._o and_o many_o other_o book_n be_v that_o no_o averment_n shall_v be_v take_v to_o the_o return_n of_o sheriff_n to_o take_v any_o issue_n thereupon_o and_o in_o dr_n bonham_n case_n upon_o a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la the_o physician_n return_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o imprisonment_n which_o be_v false_a yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o traverse_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o these_o book_n a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n lie_v against_o the_o major_a and_o alderman_n &_o against_o the_o bishop_n for_o their_o certificate_n and_o against_o the_o sheriff_n for_o their_o false_a return_n and_o if_o justification_n be_v make_v by_o they_o they_o may_v be_v traverse_v but_o these_o will_v not_o reduce_v the_o party_n to_o their_o former_a liberty_n viz_o not_o the_o alderman_n to_o his_o place_n nor_o the_o parson_n to_o his_o church_n but_o damage_n in_o those_o case_n be_v only_o recoverable_a these_o case_n i_o have_v put_v as_o reason_n and_o argument_n against_o our_o case_n of_o sewer_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o traverse_v may_v be_v take_v to_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o this_o court_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o a_o session_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n give_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n power_n to_o hear_v &_o to_o determine_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n as_o well_o as_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o party_n and_o a_o traverse_n lie_v of_o a_o presentment_n find_v before_o commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o be_v triable_a before_o they_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 29_o assiz_n pl._n 33._o and_o 12._o lib._n assiz_n 21._o and_o com._n 29_o assiz_n 12_o assiz_n pl._n com._n the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n case_n in_o blow_n com._n fol._n 397._o and_o
disposition_n and_o of_o good_a estate_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o these_o commission_n of_o sewer_n the_o statute_n do_v make_v choice_n of_o four_o honourable_a person_n to_o have_v and_o take_v the_o nomination_n of_o such_o as_o shall_v for_o their_o integrity_n learning_n wealth_n wisdom_n and_o experience_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v put_v into_o this_o commission_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n lord_n treasurer_n and_o the_o two_o lord_n chief_a justice_n for_o the_o time_n be_v have_v by_o this_o statute_n the_o nomination_n of_o our_o commissioner_n but_o as_o these_o great_a person_n of_o honour_n by_o their_o high_a place_n be_v most_o common_o busy_v in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n they_o many_o time_n refer_v these_o matter_n to_o other_o by_o mean_n whereof_o divers_a person_n in_o some_o country_n have_v of_o late_a year_n creep_v into_o commission_n which_o this_o statute_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o which_o do_v not_o only_o want_v knowledge_n and_o experience_n but_o which_o be_v also_o transport_v and_o carry_v away_o with_o selfwill_n and_o serve_v most_o common_o to_o make_v a_o faction_n of_o the_o great_a number_n to_o carry_v away_o business_n when_o the_o grave_a and_o wise_a sort_n be_v force_v be_v overload_v with_o popular_a voice_n to_o give_v way_n to_o run_v into_o contrary_a course_n and_o be_v make_v to_o surcease_v from_o make_v good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o sometime_o be_v as_o it_o be_v force_v to_o agree_v to_o those_o which_o be_v who_o even_o as_o the_o roman_a dictator_n fabius_n have_v join_v to_o he_o the_o froward_a minutius_n be_v by_o the_o violent_a stream_n of_o his_o colleague_n so_o cross_v and_o oversway_v not_o out_o of_o judgement_n but_o selfwill_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o give_v way_n to_o minutius_n frowardness_n though_o it_o tend_v almost_o to_o the_o hazard_n and_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o whole_a roman_a army_n and_o because_o the_o commissioner_n be_v the_o person_n through_o who_o hand_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o these_o law_n must_v pass_v i_o think_v it_o therefore_o very_o convenient_a to_o take_v into_o examination_n this_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o touch_n and_o concern_v they_o and_o i_o intend_v to_o purge_v the_o commission_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o these_o law_n have_v disalow_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n i_o have_v frame_v this_o ensue_a case_n which_o i_o take_v it_o will_v give_v we_o occasion_n to_o call_v they_o all_o into_o question_n and_o to_o sever_v the_o just_a from_o the_o unjust_a the_o sufficient_a from_o the_o unsufficient_a and_o the_o learned_a from_o the_o illiterate_a the_o case_n a._n demise_v to_o b._n and_o c._n land_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o sixty_o pound_n cum_fw-la stauro_fw-la of_o the_o value_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n for_o their_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o d._n a_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n b._n and_o d._n disseise_v c._n of_o the_o land_n and_o take_v the_o stock_n c._n release_v to_o d._n the_o good_n absolute_o and_o the_o land_n upon_o condition_n d._n die_v in_o exile_n e._n his_o son_n and_o heir_n enter_v b._n and_o c._n who_o enter_v for_o the_o condition_n break_v e_o and_o francis_n countess_n dowager_n of_o warwick_n and_o three_o other_o commissioner_n of_o the_o quorum_fw-la of_o sewer_n make_v a_o law_n to_o raise_v a_o be_v erect_v upon_o a_o river_n navigable_a at_o the_o cost_n of_o the_o party_n because_o it_o hinder_v the_o current_n of_o water_n my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o here_o be_v competent_a commissioner_n in_o number_n and_o in_o estate_n which_o make_v this_o law_n and_o that_o this_o law_n be_v well_o decree_v within_o this_o statute_n the_o case_n i_o do_v distribute_v in_o these_o point_n viz._n three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o four_o upon_o this_o statute_n the_o point_n i_o intend_v by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v these_o first_o whether_o the_o sixty_o pound_n stock_n can_v be_v demise_v and_o let_v for_o life_n with_o the_o remainder_n over_o as_o this_o case_n be_v second_o whereas_o b._n and_o c._n be_v two_o joyntenant_n in_o possession_n whether_o one_o of_o the_o joyntenant_n and_o a_o stranger_n can_v so_o disseise_v the_o other_o joyntenant_fw-fr as_o to_o transfer_v thereby_o a_o interest_n and_o estate_n to_o the_o stranger_n three_o because_o the_o release_n depend_v upon_o the_o disseisin_n the_o question_n be_v in_o what_o manner_n it_o do_v inure_v and_o whether_o it_o shall_v expel_v b._n out_o of_o that_o moiety_n because_o it_o be_v make_v to_o the_o stranger_n and_o than_o what_o be_v reduce_v by_o the_o condition_n whether_o a_o possession_n action_n or_o a_o right_n point_n upon_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n exile_v be_v a_o disable_v commissioner_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n and_o whether_o he_o have_v such_o a_o estate_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n as_o will_v satisfy_v this_o law_n second_o whether_o the_o countess_n may_v be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n three_o whether_o a_o joint_a interest_n in_o land_n or_o good_n will_v make_v the_o joyntenant_fw-fr a_o sufficient_a enable_v commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n four_o whether_o the_o be_v as_o this_o case_n be_v be_v race_v down_o or_o not_o and_o hereupon_o i_o intend_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o whole_a division_n touch_v the_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la i_o mean_v it_o not_o for_o a_o point_n in_o this_o case_n whether_o good_n may_v be_v let_v with_o land_n nor_o whether_o a_o stock_n may_v be_v lease_v with_o a_o farm_n because_o i_o find_v the_o book_n of_o 1_o h._n 6._o 1._o and_o many_o other_o full_a in_o the_o point_n that_o they_o may_v and_o although_o by_o the_o take_n of_o they_o back_o again_o by_o the_o lessor_n they_o will_v thereby_o suspend_v no_o rent_n yet_o in_o the_o original_a demise_n they_o may_v be_v a_o cause_n to_o increase_v the_o rent_n but_o my_o point_n herein_o be_v double_a first_o whether_o they_o will_v pass_v in_o remainder_n as_o my_o case_n do_v limit_v they_o second_o whether_o they_o will_v enable_v b._n and_o c._n to_o be_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n allow_v by_o this_o statute_n i_o do_v not_o only_o find_v stock_n let_v with_o farm_n but_o also_o join_v in_o real_a action_n with_o land_n for_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o assize_n the_o word_n be_v quod_fw-la vicecome_v faciat_fw-la tenement_n '_o illud_fw-la reseisiri_fw-la de_fw-la catallis_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la capta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la &_o ipsum_fw-la tenement_n '_o cum_fw-la catallis_fw-la esse_fw-la in_o pace_fw-la usque_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o doubtless_o be_v such_o good_n as_o stock_v the_o ground_n and_o which_o usual_o go_v with_o the_o same_o for_o in_o ancient_a time_n when_o any_o farm_a ground_n they_o usual_o farm_a the_o stock_n thereon_o go_v and_o this_o appear_v by_o ancient_a precedent_n sed_fw-la nunc_fw-la aliud_fw-la tempus_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n of_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la in_o the_o register_n be_v contain_v these_o word_n ostensum_fw-la quare_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la dale_n quod_fw-la c._n prefat_n '_o a._n dimisit_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la qui_fw-la nondum_fw-la preteriit_fw-la intravit_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la a._n ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la inuenta_fw-la caepit_fw-la &_o asportavit_fw-la so_o that_o in_o those_o writ_n of_o assize_n and_o exjectione_n firmae_fw-la the_o one_o to_o recover_v the_o freehold_a the_o other_o the_o leasehold_n we_o find_v good_n which_o go_v with_o the_o manor_n or_o farm_n make_v parcel_n of_o the_o plaint_n and_o i_o take_v it_o damage_n shall_v be_v increase_v therefore_o for_o these_o be_v such_o good_n as_o stock_v the_o farm_n and_o in_o wrotsly_n and_o adam_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n exception_n be_v case_n wrotsley_n and_o adam_n case_n take_v in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n because_o the_o word_n bona_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la be_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o estate_n neither_o in_o presenti_fw-la nor_o in_o remainder_n can_v be_v make_v of_o good_n or_o cattle_n neither_o shall_v they_o go_v with_o the_o land_n in_o point_n of_o estate_n but_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o lessee_n and_o after_o to_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n as_o a_o dependency_n upon_o the_o farm_n and_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v heir-loom_n together_o with_o the_o mansion_n house_n as_o thing_n necessary_a concurrent_a therewithal_o yet_o the_o heir-loom_n have_v no_o descend_v quality_n but_o they_o do_v go_v with_o and_o wait_v upon_o the_o house_n as_o necessary_a instrument_n fit_v to_o be_v use_v therewith_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 37_o h._n 6._o fol._n 30._o that_o the_o book_n call_v the_o grail_n which_o
what_o manner_n repeal_n of_o law_n what_o ground_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o repeal_n of_o law_n how_o far_o the_o power_n of_o commissioner_n extend_v therein_o the_o reader_n conclusion_n of_o all_o his_o labour_n lectura_fw-la prima_fw-la my_o most_o worthy_a fellow_n and_o companion_n of_o this_o noble_a and_o renown_a society_n the_o hourglass_n of_o my_o puisne_n time_n be_v run_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o your_o reader_n place_n wherein_o i_o must_v hazard_v to_o your_o censure_n the_o fortune_n of_o my_o inability_n these_o twenty_o and_o six_o year_n complete_a i_o have_v have_v continuance_n here_o and_o in_o that_o time_n i_o have_v only_o take_v the_o measure_n and_o length_n of_o your_o hall_n and_o herein_o i_o acknowledge_v grayes-inn_n to_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o my_o best_a fortune_n and_o yourselves_o the_o best_a companion_n of_o my_o forepast_a and_o present_a life_n i_o make_v a_o question_n when_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n to_o read_v whether_o i_o shall_v turn_v therefrom_o or_o not_o be_v then_o trouble_v about_o two_o thing_n charge_v and_o care_n both_o which_o i_o put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n wherein_o i_o think_v charge_v weigh_v heavy_a and_o solid_a for_o ibi_fw-la ponebantur_fw-la solidi_fw-la care_v notwithstanding_o have_v his_o equal_a weight_n with_o the_o other_o and_o poise_v the_o scale_n even_o yet_o i_o consider_v the_o small_a substance_n i_o have_v get_v come_v by_o my_o profession_n i_o therefore_o take_v myself_o both_o in_o credit_n and_o conscience_n bind_v to_o undertake_v this_o burdensome_a place_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o house_n and_o with_o that_o i_o put_v charge_n and_o care_n in_o one_o scale_n and_o resolution_n in_o the_o other_o which_o scale_v they_o both_o up_o twenty_o year_n likewise_o of_o my_o last_o past_a time_n i_o have_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o my_o profession_n spend_v but_o i_o hope_v little_o consume_v thereof_o in_o which_o time_n i_o launch_v forth_o my_o ship_n in_o profundum_fw-la maris_fw-la for_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o now_o she_o be_v return_v to_o your_o shore_n furnish_v and_o ballist_n with_o merchandise_n of_o several_a estimate_n by_o my_o ship_n i_o mean_v my_o statute_n which_o i_o read_v on_o which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n the_o merchandise_n be_v the_o weighty_a matter_n therein_o contain_v by_o the_o governor_n and_o ruler_n of_o this_o ship_n i_o mean_v the_o grave_n and_o prudent_a commissioner_n who_o be_v put_v in_o charge_n and_o trust_v with_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n by_o the_o mariner_n i_o intend_v the_o officer_n of_o this_o law_n the_o merchant_n place_n i_o reserve_v unto_o myself_o the_o ware_n bring_v home_n be_v of_o divers_a sort_n some_o only_a fit_a for_o the_o imperial_a majesty_n of_o a_o king_n and_o these_o be_v royal_a prerogative_n show_v forth_o their_o splendour_n like_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr louse_n in_o the_o crown_n other_o belong_v to_o high_a nobility_n and_o some_o be_v useful_a for_o the_o homely_a commonalty_n the_o rest_n which_o shall_v remain_v i_o have_v cast_v under_o hatch_n for_o my_o last_o day_n mart_n when_o i_o mean_v to_o make_v chaffer_n on_o they_o all_o but_o though_o i_o seem_v to_o make_v these_o market_n of_o my_o legal_a merchandise_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v to_o set_v such_o rate_n upon_o they_o as_o merchant_n use_v to_o do_v which_o be_v all_o for_o utile_fw-la dulce_fw-la for_o i_o only_o set_v one_o price_n upon_o all_o which_o be_v your_o kind_a acceptance_n marvel_v not_o i_o pray_v you_o at_o these_o my_o sealike_a salutation_n for_o this_o day_n i_o be_o become_v god_n neptune_n orator_n and_o i_o mean_v to_o display_v the_o power_n of_o his_o empire_n for_o my_o statute_n my_o case_n and_o my_o argument_n will_v all_o depend_v upon_o the_o element_n of_o water_n over_o which_o as_o poet_n feign_v neptune_n have_v chief_a predominance_n well_o now_o my_o ship_n be_v at_o shore_n and_o i_o have_v cast_v anchor_n there_o and_o to_o my_o great_a comfort_n i_o see_v many_o chapman_n attend_v the_o market_n and_o therefore_o now_o present_o i_o will_v unlock_v and_o set_v open_v the_o closet_n of_o my_o store_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o fair_a volume_n of_o the_o law_n and_o especial_o in_o that_o law_n make_v and_o enact_v in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o 23._o year_n of_o hen._n the_o 8._o chapt._n 5._o which_o be_v a_o general_a act_n concern_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o cause_n wherefore_o i_o make_v choice_n to_o read_v upon_o this_o law_n be_v five_o in_o number_n viz._n first_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n though_o this_o statute_n bear_v date_n but_o 23._o henry_n 8._o second_o for_o the_o largity_n and_o extent_n thereof_o which_o appear_v in_o the_o stile_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o there_o term_v a_o general_a act_n for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n three_o for_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o which_o continual_a practice_n and_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o four_o i_o have_v have_v a_o more_o desire_n to_o read_v upon_o these_o law_n because_o never_o any_o reader_n do_v heretofore_o undertake_v the_o same_o and_o upon_o perusal_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o upon_o due_a consideration_n take_v of_o other_o i_o think_v i_o can_v not_o make_v my_o choice_n of_o a_o more_o fit_v and_o more_o necessary_a law_n nor_o more_o profitable_a for_o my_o native_a country_n of_o lincolnshire_n and_o other_o maritine_n place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n than_o this_o be_v and_o five_o his_o majesty_n general_a care_n which_o these_o law_n require_v at_o his_o hand_n and_o his_o special_a care_n by_o the_o which_o his_o highness_n of_o late_o have_v take_v these_o law_n into_o his_o gracious_a and_o provident_a protection_n and_o upon_o due_a consideration_n take_v of_o all_o these_o case_n i_o resolve_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o exposition_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v perpetual_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 3._o edward_n 6._o cap._n 8._o and_o to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o three_o first_o cause_n i_o be_o of_o law_n antiquity_n of_o these_o law_n opinion_n for_o the_o reason_n and_o authority_n ensue_v that_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v and_o be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o have_v tell_v over_o as_o much_o time_n and_o as_o many_o year_n as_o any_o other_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v do_v for_o as_o mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o cambden_n cambden_n britannia_n say_v quod_fw-la insula_fw-la britannia_fw-la avida_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la omni_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la se_fw-la projecit_fw-la therefore_o this_o realm_n adjoin_v on_o every_o side_n upon_o the_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v safe_a without_o those_o provident_a law_n make_v and_o use_v for_o the_o defence_n thereof_o and_o although_o it_o be_v say_v in_o scripture_n that_o almighty_a god_n judah_n in_o manasses_n prayer_n king_n of_o judah_n have_v bind_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o word_n of_o his_o commandment_n and_o have_v shut_v up_o the_o deep_a and_o seal_v it_o with_o his_o terrible_a and_o glorious_a name_n yet_o god_n who_o bestow_v wisdom_n on_o man_n it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n he_o shall_v provident_o use_v it_o over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n not_o give_v way_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v remiss_a or_o presumptuous_a in_o any_o thing_n which_o by_o his_o foresight_n or_o judgement_n may_v be_v prevent_v help_v and_o relieve_v it_o be_v true_a that_o at_o the_o flood_n cum_fw-la cateracta_fw-la coeli_fw-la fuerint_fw-la 7._o genesis_n cap._n 7._o operta_fw-la when_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v by_o god_n determinate_a will_v set_v open_a and_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v suum_fw-la excedere_fw-la modum_fw-la no_o power_n of_o man_n hand_n can_v stay_v the_o swallow_a and_o devour_a surge_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o water_n yet_o then_o notwithstanding_o have_v god_n appoint_v that_o his_o servant_n noah_n and_o his_o child_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o he_o appoint_v shall_v be_v preserve_v by_o the_o ark_n which_o be_v a_o work_n of_o their_o own_o hand_n therefore_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v appoint_v man_n to_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o necessary_a defence_n and_o safety_n of_o himself_o and_o of_o his_o country_n and_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n most_o of_o which_o have_v receive_v their_o primam_fw-la essentiam_fw-la from_o the_o divine_a law_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o have_v fetch_v their_o pedigree_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o principio_fw-la bene_fw-la so_o predominant_a in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o they_o have_v never_o be_v want_v at_o any_o time_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o register_n be_v so_o ancient_a a_o book_n as_o sir_n edward_n cook_n
the_o sea_n he_o grant_v to_o he_o bona_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la deperdita_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la emergentia_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la which_o be_v profit_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la ergo_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o the_o eleven_o chapt._n de_fw-la prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v declare_v quod_fw-la rex_fw-la habebit_fw-la wreccum_fw-la maris_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o 11._o prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la cap._n 11._o balenas_n &_o sturgiones_n captos_fw-la in_o mari_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n before_o ever_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o king_n be_v and_o be_v rhe_n most_o excellent_a creature_n within_o his_o realm_n so_o the_o most_o excellent_a thing_n which_o land_n and_o sea_n afford_v be_v appropriate_a unto_o he_o and_o this_o statute_n also_o prove_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o the_o profit_n therein_o and_o thereon_o arise_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o temporal_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n constable_n in_o the_o five_o report_n of_o sir_n e._n cook_n it_o be_v say_v that_o flotsan_n jetsan_n and_o lagan_n be_v good_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n on_o or_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n grant_v they_o to_o the_o admiral_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 18._o edward_n 3_o let_v the_o sea_n be_v open_a to_o all_o 8._o stat_n 18._o e._n 3._o 28._o h._n 8._o stranger_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o h._n 8._o chapt._n 15._o if_o any_o treason_n murder_n or_o other_o felony_n be_v do_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n the_o offender_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o such_o county_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v by_o commission_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o same_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la duodecem_fw-la which_o be_v by_o jury_n and_o the_o statute_n 31._o h._n 6._o chapt._n 4._o there_o be_v a_o restraint_n 6._o 31._o h._n 6._o that_o no_o subject_n do_v attach_v any_o stranger_n in_o amity_n within_o this_o realm_n on_o the_o sea_n here_o the_o statute_n law_n be_v in_o force_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n but_o these_o seem_v to_o tie_v the_o person_n only_o davies_n sir_n john_n davies_n and_o in_o the_o irish_a report_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o king_n proper_a inheritance_n and_o mr._n bracton_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 12._o in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr acquirendo_fw-la 12._o bracton_n l._n 2._o ch._n 12._o rexum_fw-la dominio_fw-la set_v forth_o a_o prescription_n in_o these_o word_n quod_fw-la i._n s._n &_o antecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la quiet_n '_o de_fw-fr theolonio_n &_o aliis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la and_o many_o time_n in_o that_o chapter_n he_o reiterate_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a proof_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n govern_v there_o by_o his_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o prescription_n be_v a_o main_a and_o material_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o like_a be_v allege_v in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n by_o way_n of_o custom_n in_o the_o citizen_n as_o of_o bristol_n to_o have_v flotsan_n on_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o high_a water_n and_o the_o low_a water_n mark_n so_o i_o take_v it_o i_o have_v prove_v the_o king_n full_a lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v it_o by_o ancient_a book_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n and_o by_o charter_n statute_n custom_n and_o prescription_n that_o the_o government_n therein_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n one_o case_n and_o one_o statute_n seem_v to_o sway_v to_o the_o contrary_a case_n lacy_n case_n and_o that_o be_v lacy_n case_n where_o one_o be_v strike_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o die_v on_o the_o land_n that_o the_o common_a law_n can_v not_o try_v this_o murder_n it_o be_v true_a because_o that_o trial_n be_v to_o be_v by_o jury_n which_o must_v come_v out_o of_o a_o proper_a county_n which_o can_v not_o in_o this_o case_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o within_o county_n ground_n and_o so_o no_o jury_n can_v be_v summon_v there_o and_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n rule_v on_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n imperial_a as_o by_o the_o roll_n of_o oleron_n and_o other_o but_o that_o oleron_n le_fw-fr roll_n de_fw-fr oleron_n be_v only_o in_o the_o particular_a case_n of_o ship_n and_o for_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n but_o the_o king_n have_v neither_o the_o property_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o the_o real_a and_o personal_a profit_n there_o arise_v but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o book_n 15._o and_o 16._o eliz._n in_o dyer_n where_o the_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n pertain_v to_o the_o queen_n which_o must_v dyer_n 15._o 16._o eliz._n dyer_n needs_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o no_o law_n give_v the_o king_n any_o soil_n but_o only_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n so_o this_o be_v sufficient_a proof_n for_o the_o real_a profit_n and_o for_o the_o personal_a profit_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o other_o case_n aforesaid_a make_v it_o manifest_a and_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v in_o 1._o r._n 2._o chapt._n which_o restrain_v admiralty_n 1_o r._n 2._o rast_n admiralty_n the_o admiral_n that_o he_o do_v not_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o on_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o intent_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v rather_o limit_v the_o admiral_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v extend_v his_o jurisdiction_n than_o any_o way_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o realm_n wherein_o my_o conclusion_n herein_o be_v that_o my_o statute_n have_v his_o extent_n within_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o my_o say_a statute_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o statute_n law_n be_v in_o full_a power_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o by_o the_o case_n and_o statute_n mention_v former_o do_v appear_v of_o island_n because_o in_o my_o case_n in_o matter_n though_o not_o in_o express_a insulis_fw-la de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la word_n there_o be_v a_o island_n therefore_o it_o come_v now_o fit_o in_o turn_n to_o declare_v who_o the_o same_o be_v in_o ownership_n and_o what_o law_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o and_o first_o of_o the_o definition_n thereof_o justinian_n in_o suis_fw-la institutionibus_fw-la say_v that_o insule_n difinitio_fw-la insule_n insula_fw-la est_fw-la locus_fw-la undique_fw-la circumdatus_fw-la aquis_fw-la pag._n 153._o and_o with_o this_o agree_v britton_n in_o his_o title_n of_o purchase_n england_n of_o anglia_fw-it anglia_fw-it itself_o be_v not_o insula_n because_o it_o be_v not_o undique_fw-la circumdatus_fw-la aquis_fw-la but_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v one_o entire_a island_n and_o the_o most_o scotia_n scotia_n famous_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n england_n take_v it_o per_fw-la se_fw-la est_fw-la peninsula_fw-la that_o be_v penè_fw-la insula_fw-la almost_o a_o island_n for_o on_o all_o part_n it_o peninsula_n peninsula_n join_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o towards_o some_o part_n of_o scotland_n gernsey_n and_o jernsey_n be_v island_n on_o the_o sea_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o resolution_n in_o calvin_n case_n 7._o report_n that_o they_o be_v jernsey_n gernsey_n jernsey_n not_o within_o the_o realm_n nor_o govern_v by_o these_o law_n because_o the_o king_n have_v they_o by_o his_o title_n of_o france_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v in_o time_n past_o a_o petty_a kingdom_n and_o have_v a_o king_n but_o he_o be_v only_o as_o a_o viceroy_n and_o under_o the_o man._n man._n king_n of_o england_n as_o by_o a_o record_n where_o artold_v king_n of_o man_n make_v suit_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v into_o england_n but_o whether_o man_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n or_o not_o seem_v to_o be_v put_v without_o question_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n case_n of_o calvin_n and_o by_o kelwayes_o report_v 11._o h._n 8._o that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o there_o a_o office_n find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n by_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o
chancery_n r._n 11._o h._n 8._o kelwayes_o r._n of_o england_n be_v avoid_v because_o as_o the_o say_a book_n do_v affirm_v man_n be_v not_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o these_o book_n that_o be_v no_o necessary_a cause_n to_o avoid_v that_o office_n for_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o say_a office_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n be_v void_a quia_fw-la in_o man_n breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la currebat_fw-la and_o so_o in_o the_o county_n of_o palatine_a of_o chester_n breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la 161._o tamen_fw-la committatus_fw-la cestriae_fw-la est_fw-la infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la be_v cambden_n cambden_n of_o opinion_n that_o man_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o therein_o he_o have_v these_o word_n that_o man_n be_v a_o island_n situate_a in_o the_o midway_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la utrique_fw-la terrarum_fw-la applicari_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la debuerat_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la non_fw-la ambigebatur_fw-la demum_fw-la in_o hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la lie_fw-la ista_fw-la quievit_fw-la quoniam_fw-la advectos_fw-la perculi_fw-la causa_fw-la venemoso_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la vermis_n admisit_fw-la ergo_fw-la eam_fw-la britannis_fw-la applicandum_fw-la censura_fw-la communis_fw-la dictavit_fw-la by_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n or_o at_o the_o least_o a_o member_n thereof_o but_o i_o do_v take_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n original_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o england_n and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o hampshire_n and_o be_v wight_n wight_n as_o it_o be_v divorce_v from_o the_o continent_n as_o be_v cecily_n from_o italy_n the_o one_o as_o poet_n feign_v be_v part_v from_o the_o continent_n or_o main_a land_n by_o a_o earthquake_n the_o other_o as_o be_v imagine_v by_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n insula_fw-la vectis_fw-la inquit_fw-la cambdenus_n in_fw-la suis_fw-la insultis_fw-la britannicis_n fol._n 707._o est_fw-la pars_fw-la commitatus_fw-la 707._o cambden_n 707._o hamtoniae_fw-la &_o à _fw-la continente_fw-la britanniae_fw-la avulsa_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la cohaesisse_fw-la uvidebatur_fw-la for_o many_o do_v imagine_v that_o it_o be_v tear_v from_o the_o main_a land_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n as_o of_o late_a year_n parcel_n of_o the_o spurnhead_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o before_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o continent_n be_v tear_v therefrom_o by_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v now_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o island_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o remain_v parcel_n of_o yorkshire_n and_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o the_o island_n call_v silly_a situate_a many_o other_o ancient_a island_n there_o be_v which_o be_v in_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v parcel_n of_o this_o realm_n 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ownership_n and_o property_n the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o new_a island_n rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n although_o it_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o it_o be_v neither_o within_o county_n parish_n nor_o town_n of_o this_o realm_n till_o the_o king_n by_o his_o edict_n or_o proclamation_n have_v so_o declare_v it_o there_o may_v be_v island_n also_o within_o the_o land_n compass_v about_o with_o fresh_a river_n as_o the_o isle_n of_o axholm_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o sheppey_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n and_z divers_z other_o but_o mr._n bracton_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr acquirende_n rerum_fw-la 2._o bracton_n libre_fw-la 1._o cap._n 2._o dominio_fw-la do_v very_o well_o deliver_v the_o law_n concern_v his_o new_a island_n which_o arise_v in_o great_a river_n his_o word_n be_v these_o habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la locum_fw-la eadem_fw-la species_n accessionis_fw-la insula_fw-la nata_fw-la in_o flumine_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la medeam_fw-la partem_fw-la teneat_fw-la communis_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la ab_fw-la utraque_fw-la parte_fw-la fluminis_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la praedia_fw-la possident_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la latitudinis_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la fundi_fw-la que_fw-la latitudo_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la sit_fw-la que_fw-la si_fw-la alteri_fw-la parti_fw-la proximior_fw-la sit_fw-la eorum_fw-la est_fw-la tanta_fw-la qui_fw-la abea_fw-la parte_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la praedia_fw-la possident_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la insula_fw-la in_o mari_n nata_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la raro_fw-la accidit_fw-la occupantis_fw-la fit_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la credas_fw-la proprium_fw-la alicujus_fw-la agrum_fw-la informam_fw-la insulae_fw-la redact_n insulam_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la ecce_fw-la flumen_fw-la dividatur_fw-la in_o superiori_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o circuit_n agrum_fw-la alicujus_fw-la &_o demum_fw-la infra_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la casu_fw-la ejus_fw-la erit_fw-la agre_z cujus_fw-la prius_fw-la fuerat_fw-la cavendum_fw-la quoque_fw-la erit_fw-la in_o metienda_fw-la vicinitate_fw-la insularum_fw-la quia_fw-la potest_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la de_fw-la facili_fw-la decipi_fw-la ponatur_fw-la igitur_fw-la punctus_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la inter_fw-la utrumque_fw-la agrum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la hoc_fw-la si_fw-la insula_fw-la citra_fw-la punctum_fw-la sit_fw-la vel_fw-la huius_fw-la tant_fw-fr '_o vel_fw-la illius_fw-la tant_fw-fr '_o erit_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o citra_fw-la punctum_fw-la &_o in_fw-la ipso_fw-la puncto_fw-la &_o ultra_fw-la tunc_fw-la proindiviso_fw-la communis_fw-la erit_fw-la ut_fw-la tantam_fw-la mihi_fw-la de_fw-la ipso_fw-la insula_fw-la cedat_fw-la qua_fw-la continentur_fw-la in_o medietate_fw-la puncti_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la agrum_fw-la meum_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la insula_fw-la rotunda_fw-la 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ireland_n calais_n guienne_n bulloign_n ireland_n guienne_n bulloign_n and_o the_o like_a and_o although_o ireland_n be_v under_o the_o obeisance_n of_o the_o king_n yet_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o there_o in_o force_n till_o the_o king_n so_o declare_v the_o same_o and_o although_o wales_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 1._o be_v within_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o