greek_n call_v sciographie_n or_o stenography_n four_o and_o last_o geographie_n be_v distinguish_v from_o chorographie_n in_o that_o the_o former_a consider_v chief_o the_o quantity_n measure_n figure_n site_n &_o proportion_n of_o place_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n one_o of_o the_o other_o as_o of_o the_o heaven_n require_v necessary_a help_n of_o the_o science_n mathematical_a chief_o of_o arithmetic_n geometry_n and_o astronomy_n without_o which_o a_o geographer_n will_v show_v himself_o everywhere_a lame_a &_o impotent_a be_v not_o able_a to_o wade_v through_o the_o least_o part_n of_o his_o profession_n whereas_o a_o man_n altogether_o unpractised_a in_o those_o faculty_n may_v obtain_v a_o competent_a knowledge_n in_o chorography_n as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n some_o altogether_o ignorant_a in_o the_o mathematics_n who_o can_v to_o some_o content_n of_o their_o hearer_n topographical_o and_o historical_o discourse_v of_o country_n as_o they_o have_v read_v of_o in_o book_n or_o observe_v in_o their_o travail_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o difference_n assign_v by_o ptolemy_n i_o see_v no_o great_a reason_n why_o chorography_n shall_v not_o be_v refer_v to_o geography_n as_o a_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o object_n on_o which_o he_o have_v ground_v his_o distinction_n differ_v only_o as_o a_o general_a and_o a_o special_a which_o be_v not_o opposite_a but_o subordinate_a as_o the_o logician_n use_v to_o speak_v cânnot_v make_v two_o distinct_a science_n but_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o at_o least_o the_o difference_n thus_o assign_v will_v not_o be_v essential_a but_o accidental_a wherefore_o my_o scope_n in_o this_o treatise_n shall_v be_v to_o join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o the_o same_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o my_o art_n and_o leisure_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o descend_v to_o particular_n which_o be_v in_o chorographie_n almost_o infinite_a will_v not_o all_o seem_v alike_o necessary_a in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o universal_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o name_n of_o geography_n thus_o distinguish_v we_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o science_n which_o teach_v the_o measure_n and_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n it_o be_v proper_o term_v a_o science_n because_o it_o propose_v to_o itself_o no_o other_o end_n but_o knowledge_n whereas_o those_o faculty_n be_v common_o term_v art_n which_o be_v not_o content_v with_o a_o bare_a knowledge_n or_o speculation_n but_o be_v direct_v to_o some_o far_a work_n or_o action_n but_o here_o a_o doubt_n seem_v to_o arise_v whether_o this_o science_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v physical_a or_o mathematical_a we_o answer_v that_o in_o a_o science_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o the_o matter_n or_o object_n whereabout_o it_o be_v conversant_a second_o the_o manner_n of_o handle_v and_o explication_n for_o the_o former_a no_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o object_n in_o geographie_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n physical_a consist_v of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v compose_v but_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o explication_n it_o be_v not_o pure_a but_o mix_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n mathematical_a in_o the_o second_o rather_o historical_a whence_o the_o whole_a science_n may_v be_v alike_o term_v mathematical_a &_o historical_a not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o we_o have_v say_v to_o be_v physical_a but_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o explication_n for_o the_o object_n of_o geographie_n as_o we_o have_v intimate_v be_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v consider_v 3_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o as_o it_o be_v a_o element_n out_o of_o which_o mix_a body_n be_v in_o part_n compound_v in_o which_o sense_n it_o appertain_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n who_o office_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o natural_a body_n their_o principle_n and_o propriety_n second_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o heavenly_a motion_n and_o so_o it_o be_v undertake_v by_o astronomer_n three_o according_a to_o its_o spherical_a superficies_n as_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v measure_v or_o describe_v in_o which_o manner_n it_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o geography_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n one_o of_o another_o as_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o restriction_n although_o agree_v well_o to_o some_o part_n of_o it_o will_v hardly_o square_v with_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o many_o thing_n herein_o be_v handle_v beside_o the_o earth_n natural_a site_n or_o position_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v teach_v for_o which_o cause_n we_o have_v rather_o define_v the_o subject_n of_o geography_n to_o be_v the_o earth_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v and_o describe_v as_o want_v one_o word_n to_o express_v the_o whole_a manner_n of_o consideration_n 2_o geographie_n consist_v of_o 2_o part_n the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a the_o spherical_a part_n be_v that_o which_o teach_v the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n the_o common_a and_o receive_a division_n of_o this_o science_n among_o geographer_n be_v into_o the_o general_n or_o universal_a part_n and_o the_o special_a which_o division_n i_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v strengthen_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o ancient_a and_o approve_a author_n yet_o seem_v it_o more_o apt_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o historical_a part_n then_o to_o the_o whole_a science_n as_o we_o shall_v after_o make_v apparent_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o division_n of_o it_o into_o spherical_a &_o topical_a part_n seem_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o reason_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o science_n be_v propose_v to_o we_o under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o mathematical_a lineament_n and_o circle_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v imagine_v to_o consist_v out_o of_o which_o we_o collect_v the_o figure_n quantity_n site_n and_o due_a proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o part_n second_o of_o the_o place_n historical_o note_v and_o design_v out_o unto_o we_o by_o certain_a name_n mark_n and_o character_n the_o former_a receive_v great_a light_n from_o astronomy_n whence_o some_o have_v call_v it_o the_o astronomical_a part_n the_o late_a from_o philosophy_n and_o historical_a observation_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v a_o mix_a science_n take_v part_n of_o diverse_a faculty_n 3_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v a_o globous_a or_o round_a body_n comprehend_v within_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o wateâ—_n some_o have_v nice_o distinguish_v betwixt_o a_o sphere_n &_o a_o orb_n that_o a_o sphere_n be_v a_o round_a massy_a body_n contain_v in_o one_o surface_n which_o be_v convexe_n or_o outward_a as_o a_o bowl_n the_o other_o concave_n or_o hollow_a in_o manner_n of_o a_o eggshell_n empty_v but_o this_o distinction_n seem_v too_o curious_a as_o savour_v to_o much_o of_o scholastical_a subtlety_n because_o the_o name_n of_o orb_n and_o sphere_n be_v many_o time_n promiscuous_o use_v without_o difference_n among_o good_a writer_n this_o sphere_n which_o we_o make_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o science_n we_o call_v terrestrial_a not_o because_o it_o consist_v mere_o of_o earth_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v but_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o composition_n whence_o by_o a_o tropical_a kind_n of_o speech_n the_o whole_a globe_n may_v be_v call_v terrestrial_a 4_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v be_v either_o primary_n or_o secundary_a the_o primary_n consist_v in_o such_o affection_n as_o primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o geographical_a affection_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o simple_o and_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o eomparative_o as_o they_o be_v confer_v and_o compare_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n such_o as_o be_v the_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n may_v be_v consider_v either_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o comparative_o as_o they_o concur_v to_o the_o longitude_n latitude_n distance_n or_o such_o like_a accident_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o comparison_n of_o one_o circle_n with_o another_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n primary_o consider_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a be_v the_o true_a globe_n in_o itself_o without_o image_n or_o representation_n 6_o herein_o again_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o principle_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n second_o the_o accident_n and_o propriety_n the_o principle_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v compose_v be_v two_o viz_o matter_n and_o form_n 7_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o substance_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v make_v viz_o earth_n and_o water_n my_o
experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n or_o such_o like_a measure_n how_o many_o author_n of_o great_a name_n and_o estimation_n have_v differ_v among_o themselves_o every_o man_n may_v inform_v himself_o out_o of_o this_o table_n here_o insert_v these_o difference_n we_o find_v diverse_o relate_v but_o of_o all_o other_o which_o author_n have_v set_v forth_o  _fw-fr author_n furlong_n mile_n  _fw-fr strabo_n and_o hipparchus_n 252000_o 31500_o  _fw-fr eratosthenes_n 250000_o 31250_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n contain_v according_a to_o possidonius_fw-la &_o the_o ancient_a arabian_n 240000_o 30000_o ptolemy_n 180000_o 22500_o  _fw-fr the_o late_a arabian_n 204000_o 25500_o  _fw-fr italian_n and_o german_n 172800_o 21600_o i_o prefer_v the_o judgement_n of_o mr_n robert_n hues_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o common_a tradition_n but_o industrious_o by_o himself_o derive_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_n by_o diligent_a search_n and_o examination_n as_o by_o one_o who_o judgement_n be_v arm_v as_o well_o with_o skill_n in_o the_o language_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o antiquity_n scorn_v to_o be_v injure_v by_o translation_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o difference_n be_v a_o matter_n which_o have_v stagger_v curious_a searcher_n into_o antiquity_n more_o than_o the_o former_a every_o opinion_n be_v support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o such_o renown_a author_n may_v challenge_v a_o pitch_n above_o the_o measure_n of_o my_o decision_n only_o i_o may_v not_o be_v think_v over_o presumptuous_a to_o conjecture_v where_o i_o can_v define_v especial_o have_v so_o good_a a_o guide_n as_o my_o forename_a author_n to_o tread_v out_o the_o way_n before_o i_o wherefore_o suppose_v as_o a_o ground_n these_o author_n so_o much_o differ_v about_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v in_o some_o sort_n lead_v by_o reason_n the_o difference_n must_v needs_o arise_v out_o of_o one_o of_o these_o cause_n either_o the_o error_n or_o negligence_n of_o the_o observer_n in_o trust_v too_o much_o to_o other_o relation_n without_o any_o far_a search_n or_o else_o the_o defect_n in_o the_o mathematical_a ground_n out_o of_o which_o they_o derive_v their_o demonstration_n or_o the_o diversity_n of_o measure_n use_v in_o this_o work_n or_o final_o from_o the_o misapplication_n of_o these_o measure_n to_o the_o distance_n whence_o may_v arise_v some_o error_n out_o of_o the_o experimental_a measure_n of_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v doubt_v whether_o aristotle_n define_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v 400000_o furlong_n be_v not_o deceive_v by_o relation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o avouch_v it_o from_o the_o mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n who_o authority_n and_o credit_n for_o aught_o we_o know_v deserve_v as_o well_o to_o be_v forget_v as_o their_o name_n but_o this_o answer_n may_v seem_v too_o sharp_a in_o the_o other_o for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v they_o register_v for_o master_n in_o their_o science_n and_o such_o as_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v cozen_v by_o other_o imposture_n neither_o can_v we_o imagine_v the_o second_o to_o be_v any_o cause_n of_o their_o error_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n because_o the_o way_n these_o mathematician_n use_v in_o find_v out_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o writer_n of_o good_a credit_n commend_v to_o posterity_n as_o warrantable_o ground_v on_o certain_a demonstration_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o we_o have_v show_v before_o which_o admit_v of_o no_o parallogisme_n in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o ought_v to_o examine_v whether_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n concern_v this_o matter_n proceed_v from_o diversity_n of_o the_o measure_n which_o be_v use_v in_o this_o work_n nonnius_n and_o pâ—â—ceruâ—_n will_v needs_o persuade_v that_o the_o furlong_n whereby_o they_o measure_v the_o earth_n be_v not_o the_o same_o maurolycus_n and_o xilander_n talk_v of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o pace_n maurolycus_n labour_v to_o reconcile_v both_o but_o without_o effect_n first_o whereas_o they_o will_v have_v diverse_a kâ—nde_n of_o pace_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o can_v learn_v that_o the_o grecian_n ever_o measure_v their_o furlong_n by_o pace_n but_o either_o by_o foot_n or_o faddome_n a_o fathom_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o hand_n together_o with_o the_o breast_n betwixt_o contain_v six_o foot_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o measure_v well_o know_v unto_o our_o mariner_n in_o sound_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o measure_n notwithstanding_o be_v by_o many_o translate_v a_o pace_n by_o what_o reason_n let_v any_o man_n judge_v xilander_n in_o translate_n strabo_n render_v it_o a_o ell_n second_o for_o a_o furlong_n it_o contain_v according_a to_o herodoiuâ—_n a_o ancient_a grecian_a writer_n 600_o foot_n which_o be_v also_o testify_v by_o suidas_n be_v much_o late_a a_o furlong_n contain_v 100_o faddome_n every_o fathom_n four_o cubit_n a_o cubit_n according_a to_o heron_n a_o foot_n and_o half_a or_o 24_o digit_n now_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o furlong_n it_o be_v true_a that_o censorinus_n make_v three_o kind_n for_o either_o it_o be_v call_v the_o italian_a consist_v of_o 625_o foot_n which_o be_v of_o most_o regard_n in_o measure_v the_o earth_n or_o the_o olympian_a of_o 600_o foot_n or_o the_o pythian_a contain_v 1000_o foot_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v this_o latter_a we_o shall_v find_v by_o serious_a consideration_n that_o the_o italian_a and_o olympian_a furlong_n differ_v only_o in_o name_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o same_o for_o the_o italian_a contain_v 625_o roman_a foot_n according_a to_o pliny_n in_o his_o second_o book_n be_v squall_v to_o the_o olympian_a have_v 600_o grecian_a foot_n for_o a_o foot_n with_o the_o grecian_n exceed_v the_o roman_a foot_n by_o a_o twenty_o four_o part_n as_o much_o as_o be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o 600_o and_o 625._o hence_o we_o see_v how_o little_a certainty_n can_v be_v expect_v of_o such_o as_o go_v about_o to_o reconcile_v these_o opinion_n out_o of_o the_o various_a use_n and_o acception_n of_o the_o measure_n the_o most_o probable_a assertion_n than_o be_v that_o the_o error_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n mention_v by_o the_o foresay_a author_n be_v not_o by_o themselves_o exact_o measure_v but_o take_v up_o upon_o trust_n on_o the_o relation_n of_o traveller_n wherein_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v mistake_v for_o instance_n we_o will_v take_v eratosthenes_n and_o possidonius_fw-la as_o of_o great_a credit_n who_o be_v notwithstanding_o tax_v for_o many_o error_n in_o their_o experimental_a observation_n whereas_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o ptolemy_n ground_v his_o opinion_n on_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n exact_o measure_v as_o be_v witness_v by_o his_o designation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v discover_v and_o know_v eratosthenes_n for_o mistake_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o distance_n be_v much_o tax_v by_o hyparchus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o strabo_n for_o betwixt_o alexandria_n and_o carthage_n he_o reckon_v above_o 13_o thousand_o furlong_n whereas_o by_o a_o more_o diligent_a enquiry_n there_o be_v find_v to_o be_v but_o 9_o thousand_o likewise_o possidoniuâ—_n be_v know_v to_o be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o make_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n to_o be_v 5000_o furlong_n whereas_o out_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o mariner_n some_o have_v make_v it_o 4000_o some_o 5000_o as_o it_o be_v witness_v by_o eratosthenes_n in_o strabo_n who_o notwithstanding_o say_v that_o he_o find_v by_o instrument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o 3750_o and_o strabo_n wouâ—d_v have_v it_o somewhat_o less_o as_o 2640._o maurolycus_n go_v about_o to_o defend_v possidonius_fw-la against_o ptolemy_n bring_v nothing_o but_o frivolous_a reason_n unworthy_a so_o good_a a_o author_n out_o of_o all_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v our_o former_a corollary_n will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o the_o experimental_a mistake_n in_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n where_o they_o trust_v to_o other_o man_n relation_n rather_o than_o their_o own_o knowledge_n 6_o the_o diameter_n be_v a_o right_a line_n pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o and_o measure_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o the_o invention_n of_o which_o depend_v on_o these_o rule_n 1_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n to_o the_o diameter_n wherefore_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n multiply_v by_o 7_o and_o divide_v by_o 22_o will_v produce_v the_o diameter_n the_o exact_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o
the_o earth_n be_v either_o internal_a or_o external_a 3_o the_o internal_a i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a 4_o the_o common_a be_v in_o number_n three_o 1_o the_o magnitude_n or_o extent_n of_o a_o country_n 2_o the_o bound_n 3_o the_o quality_n the_o magnitude_n comprehend_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o any_o region_n some_o man_n may_v imagine_v that_o i_o make_v a_o needless_a repetition_n of_o these_o propriety_n for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o our_o spherical_a part_n but_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o there_o handle_v no_o other_o matter_n but_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o whole_a globous_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o my_o intent_n here_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o such_o propriety_n as_o particular_o design_n out_o a_o special_a place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o 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in_o devon_n have_v in_o latitude_n about_o 50_o degree_n the_o northermost_a point_n situate_v near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ardurnus_fw-la in_o the_o farthermost_a part_n of_o scotland_n have_v in_o latitude_n about_o 60_o degree_n to_o omit_v minute_n the_o lesser_a of_o these_o latitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a the_o residue_n will_v be_v 10_o degree_n which_o be_v imagine_v in_o the_o meridian_n which_o be_v a_o great_a circle_n be_v to_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o so_o convert_v into_o mile_n which_o will_v be_v 600_o the_o length_n of_o britain_n from_o south_n to_o north._n 2_o if_o the_o place_n who_o magnitude_n we_o inquire_v be_v under_o the_o equatour_n the_o southern_a latitude_n add_v to_o the_o northern_a will_v show_v the_o breadth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n to_o illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o example_n we_o will_v take_v the_o whole_a continent_n of_o africa_n who_o southern_a latitude_n about_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n we_o â—â—all_v find_v to_o be_v near_o thirty_o degree_n the_o most_o northern_a latitude_n about_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n very_o near_o the_o same_o rate_n these_o two_o sum_n add_v together_o will_v amount_v to_o 60_o degree_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o a_o degree_n in_o a_o great_a circle_n because_o we_o suppose_v it_o here_o to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n we_o shall_v have_v 3600_o mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o africa_n from_o south_n to_o north._n 4_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o region_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n admit_v of_o two_o case_n for_o either_o the_o country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v without_o the_o first_o meridian_n or_o under_o it_o both_o which_o shall_v be_v teach_v in_o these_o rule_n 1_o if_o the_o region_n be_v situate_a without_o the_o first_o meridian_n the_o lesser_a longitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a will_v show_v the_o diameter_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n for_o a_o example_n of_o which_o we_o will_v take_v cape_n de_fw-fr barca_n lie_v over_o against_o s._n thomas_n island_n in_o africa_n under_o the_o equatour_n who_o longitude_n be_v about_o 30_o degree_n and_o melnide_v situate_a near_o the_o equatour_n over_o against_o sinus_n barbaricus_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o africa_n which_o have_v in_o longitude_n 63_o degree_n the_o least_o longitude_n to_o wit_v 30_o be_v subduct_v from_o 63_o there_o will_v remain_v 33_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o a_o great_a circle_n which_o be_v the_o equatour_n or_o a_o parallel_n very_o near_o which_o admit_v no_o sensible_a difference_n we_o multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o there_o will_v arise_v 1980_o italian-mile_n but_o if_o the_o degree_n be_v take_v in_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a parallel_n we_o must_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o table_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o former_a book_n 7_o another_o case_n be_v when_o the_o place_n be_v situate_a under_o the_o first_o meridian_n the_o length_n and_o measure_n of_o such_o a_o region_n be_v find_v out_o by_o this_o rule_n 1_o let_v the_o western_a longitude_n be_v subtract_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a circle_n and_o to_o the_o residue_n add_v the_o eastern_a longitude_n the_o sum_n will_v give_v the_o greatness_n and_o distance_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n for_o a_o instance_n we_o will_v take_v groenland_n suppose_v in_o most_o of_o our_o globe_n and_o map_n to_o be_v a_o island_n which_o be_v set_v down_o direct_o under_o the_o first_o meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o azore_n in_o kaerius_n his_o globe_n it_o have_v assign_v it_o for_o western_a longitude_n about_o 340_o degree_n for_o eastern_a longitude_n about_o 30_o degree_n then_o according_a to_o our_o rule_n 340_o be_v subtract_v from_o 360_o the_o whole_a circle_n there_o will_v remain_v 20_o which_o be_v add_v to_o 30_o the_o eastern_a longitude_n there_o will_v arise_v 50_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 25_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v about_o 65_o there_o will_v be_v produce_v 1250_o italian-mile_n the_o distance_n or_o length_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n part_n of_o groenland_n 8_o hitherto_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o country_n by_o the_o diameter_n the_o other_o way_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o circuit_n which_o manner_n of_o measure_v we_o will_v brief_o censure_v in_o these_o two_o proposition_n 1_o the_o measure_n of_o any_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o be_v very_o deceitful_a and_o full_a of_o error_n it_o have_v be_v a_o common_a custom_n among_o navigatour_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o any_o country_n by_o sail_v round_o about_o it_o which_o kind_n of_o measure_v be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v reject_v for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o new_a discovery_n sometime_o no_o other_o way_n can_v be_v have_v nevertheless_o this_o manner_n of_o measure_v must_v needs_o prove_v very_o uncertain_a for_o diverse_a reason_n 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the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n without_o the_o equatour_n 255_o 3_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 260_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o latitude_n either_o in_o the_o same_o or_o diverse_a kind_n of_o latitude_n 261_o 5_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n by_o the_o square_a root_n 262_o 6_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o the_o table_n of_o sign_n tangent_n and_o secant_v 264_o 7_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n by_o resolution_n of_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n 266_o 8_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n by_o the_o semicircle_n 271_o 9_o of_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o distance_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 273_o to_o my_o book_n parue_v nec_fw-la invideo_fw-la sine_fw-la i_o liber_n ibis_fw-la in_fw-la aulam_fw-la hei_fw-la mihi_fw-la quòd_fw-la domino_fw-la 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many_o mile_n such_o place_n be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o for_o a_o example_n we_o will_v take_v the_o city_n seville_a on_o the_o southmost_a part_n of_o spain_n and_o bilbao_n on_o the_o north-side_n the_o space_n betwixt_o those_o place_n be_v take_v with_o a_o thread_n or_o a_o compass_n and_o apply_v to_o one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n will_v contain_v about_o 6_o degree_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o so_o convert_v into_o italian-mile_n will_v produce_v 360_o and_o so_o many_o mile_n those_o city_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geographie_n the_o second_o book_n contain_v the_o general_a topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n genes_n 1._o vers_fw-la 10._o and_o god_n call_v the_o dry-land_n earth_n and_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o water_n call_v the_o sea_n and_o god_n see_v that_o it_o be_v good_a oxford_z 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he_o scarce_o behold_v to_o year_n and_o to_o challenge_v a_o precedency_n before_o experience_n in_o so_o much_o that_o our_o ancient_a mother_n mark_v out_o with_o all_o the_o character_n of_o age_n and_o decline_a weakness_n cherish_v in_o her_o bosom_n this_o young_a darling_n seem_v to_o resume_v her_o youthful_a habit_n and_o triumph_v over_o time_n and_o ruin_n this_o happiness_n among_o diverse_a other_o vouchsafe_v by_o your_o honour_n to_o the_o place_n for_o who_o good_a opinion_n the_o best_a part_n of_o my_o endeavour_n stand_v engage_v have_v encourage_v my_o hope_n to_o promise_v i_o your_o indulgent_a acceptance_n of_o this_o slender_a piece_n long_o since_o intend_v and_o devote_a as_o myself_o unto_o your_o service_n in_o which_o confidence_n fear_v any_o long_o to_o trespass_n on_o your_o serious_a and_o high_a employment_n indebt_v to_o your_o king_n and_o country_n i_o humble_o rest_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n a_o table_n of_o the_o several_a content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o geography_n according_a to_o the_o special_a theorem_a chap._n i._o of_o topography_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_a habitable_a pag._n 4_o 2_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v suffer_v manifold_a mutation_n and_o change_n as_o well_o in_o name_n as_o nature_n pag._n 6_o 3_o place_n have_v long_o continue_v without_o habitation_n be_v seldom_o so_o healthy_a and_o fit_a for_o dwell_v as_o those_o which_o have_v be_v in_o habit_v 11_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o region_n by_o the_o diameter_n both_o according_a to_o breadth_n and_o length_n 15_o 2_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o 17_o 3_o the_o measure_v of_o a_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n be_v deceitful_a and_o subject_a to_o great_a error_n 17_o 4_o those_o region_n be_v more_o exact_o measure_v which_o partake_v of_o a_o plain_a surface_n 19_o 5_o how_o country_n be_v bound_v 20_o 6_o natural_a bound_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o artificial_a ibid._n 7_o equal_a bound_n contain_v not_o always_o equal_a region_n 21_o 8_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o region_n ibid._n 9_o special_a place_n be_v endow_v with_o special_a temper_n and_o disposition_n 21_o 10_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n as_o variation_n and_o declination_n 26_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o the_o first_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o recognition_n of_o a_o place_n before_o discover_v 27_o 12_o the_o declination_n of_o a_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v be_v find_v yet_o not_o without_o some_o error_n 29_o 13_o of_o the_o external_a adjunct_n of_o the_o air_n belong_v to_o a_o place_n ibid._n 14_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o soil_n 30_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n 34_o 2_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n 38_o 3_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_v general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n 39_o 4_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v the_o masculine_a the_o southern_a the_o feminine_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n 40_o 5_o of_o the_o diverse_a section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o the_o several_a quality_n belong_v to_o they_o 43_o 6_o of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n hemisphere_n 51_o 7_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n be_v happy_a than_o the_o other_o 52_o 8_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n can_v work_v any_o difference_n in_o two_o place_n by_o any_o diversity_n of_o the_o heaven_n 53_o 9_o of_o the_o subdivision_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a hemisphere_n 54_o 10_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o east_n in_o the_o same_o latitude_n be_v better_o than_o those_o place_n towards_o the_o west_n ibid._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o description_n of_o region_n 1_o of_o the_o find_n out_o of_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n by_o some_o dioptricke_a instrument_n at_o two_o or_o more_o station_n 57_o 2_o at_o one_o station_n by_o opticall_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o 59_o 3_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o translation_n of_o region_n into_o the_o chart._n 61_o 4_o to_o set_v down_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n in_o a_o particular_a chart._n 62_o 5_o how_o to_o set_v down_o city_n castle_n mountain_n river_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o chart._n 64_o 6_o of_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n in_o the_o chart._n 65_o 7_o the_o use_n of_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n set_v down_o in_o the_o chart._n ibid._n chap._n v._o of_o hydrography_n and_o the_o absolute_a adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n 1_o although_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v spherical_a yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n 70_o 2_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n 75_o 3_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v 79_o 4_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v thick_a than_o the_o other_o water_n 80_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o 82_o 2_o all_o sâ—aâ—_n do_v not_o ebb_v and_o flow_v alike_o nor_o the_o same_o at_o all_o time_n
expression_n and_o manner_n of_o description_n of_o region_n aswell_o in_o the_o find_n out_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n as_o translation_n of_o place_n former_o find_v out_o into_o the_o globe_n or_o chart._n chap._n 4._o special_a which_o contain_v the_o distinction_n of_o a_o place_n into_o sea_n who_o description_n be_v call_v hydrography_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o internal_a which_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n of_o it_o with_o the_o land_n here_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n chap._n 5._o 2_o the_o motion_n natural_a and_o violent_a chap._n 6._o comparative_a which_o concern_v the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 7._o external_a which_o concern_v sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n chap._n 8._o land_n which_o we_o term_v pedography_n who_o accident_n be_v either_o natural_a which_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a such_o as_o ordinary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a wherein_o we_o have_v no_o respect_n unto_o the_o sea_n here_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n 1_o of_o river_n fountain_n and_o lakeâ—_n chap._n 9_o 2_o of_o mountain_n vallieâ—_n and_o plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n chap._n 10._o comparative_a wherein_o we_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n chap._n 11._o casual_a which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n chap._n 12._o civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o place_n in_o who_o we_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o offspring_n chap._n 13._o disposition_n which_o be_v vary_v either_o accorâ—â—â—â—_n 〈…〉_z 1_o site_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 14._o 2_o soil_n chap._n 15._o geographie_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o topographie_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o former_a treatise_n by_o god_n assistance_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n it_o will_v in_o the_o second_o place_n seem_v convenient_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o topical_a part_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o topical_a part_n teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o topographie_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o second_o part_n be_v discover_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o in_o the_o name_n which_o promise_v a_o description_n of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n himself_o betwixt_o the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o call_v geography_n and_o latter_a topographie_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o our_o former_a book_n here_o only_o we_o will_v note_v this_o one_o distinction_n that_o tâ—â—ograhie_n may_v be_v tâ—ken_v either_o more_o general_o or_o special_o general_o we_o may_v take_v it_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o discover_v unto_o we_o either_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o all_o his_o part_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a and_o principal_a part_n such_o as_o be_v a_o empire_n region_n kingdom_n or_o such_o like_a more_o special_o and_o particular_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o the_o description_n of_o a_o very_a small_a place_n who_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o note_v but_o of_o the_o part_v one_o to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v city_n burrowes_n townes_n castle_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o former_a whereat_o we_o chief_o aim_v can_v well_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o spherical_a part_n that_o latter_a we_o will_v more_o spare_o touch_v be_v a_o infinite_a task_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o descend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o come_v in_o our_o way_n yet_o shall_v we_o not_o altogether_o omit_v or_o neglect_v such_o circumstance_n in_o their_o due_a place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o topographer_n who_o spend_v their_o stock_n in_o the_o description_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n whereof_o this_o our_o age_n have_v produce_v many_o deserve_a high_a commendation_n this_o science_n be_v ancient_o adorn_v by_o homer_n anâ—â—imander_n milesius_n haecataeus_fw-la democritus_n eudoxius_n dicaearchus_n euphorus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o straboes_n first_o book_n to_o which_o afterward_o succeed_v eratosthenes_n polybius_n possidonius_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o which_o part_n require_v little_a or_o small_a knowledge_n in_o the_o science_n mathematical_a but_o challenge_v more_o affinity_n with_o the_o physical_a and_o political_a part_n of_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o popular_a understanding_n then_o the_o former_a and_o may_v without_o it_o afford_v some_o profit_n to_o the_o reader_n 3_o the_o topical_a part_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a the_o general_n be_v that_o which_o handle_v the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n 4_o a_o place_n be_v a_o superficial_a space_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n fit_v for_o habitation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v here_o topographical_o take_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v call_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v or_o superficial_a platform_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v the_o form_n be_v the_o capability_n or_o aptness_n of_o it_o for_o habitation_n both_o which_o concur_v together_o be_v conceive_v to_o make_v a_o place_n such_o as_o we_o here_o topographical_o understand_v for_o here_o we_o understand_v not_o a_o place_n physical_o for_o the_o receptacle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o element_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o natural_a place_n neither_o yet_o geometrical_o for_o a_o plain_a whereon_o a_o line_n or_o figure_n may_v be_v draw_v but_o topographical_o for_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o people_n or_o other_o live_a creature_n may_v inhabit_v this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o reason_n and_o holy_a scripture_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o habitation_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mass_n the_o earth_n be_v invelope_v with_o water_n on_o every_o side_n afford_v no_o place_n for_o dwell_v almighty_a god_n be_v say_v afterward_o to_o have_v separate_v and_o part_v the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n make_v the_o one_o a_o receptacle_n for_o fish_n and_o such_o creature_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o other_o for_o a_o dwell_a place_n for_o mankind_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o breath_n upon_o the_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o provide_v in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n that_o neither_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n can_v well_o want_v the_o sea_n nor_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n want_v the_o land_n the_o one_o appear_v in_o that_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o for_o â—ood_a and_o nourishment_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n consist_v of_o fish_n but_o also_o for_o our_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v better_o effect_v by_o sea_n then_o land-voyage_n the_o latter_a be_v as_o easy_o show_v in_o that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n derive_v not_o only_o their_o composition_n but_o also_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n from_o the_o land_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o we_o be_v moreover_o to_o consider_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n first_o more_o large_o for_o any_o place_n wherein_o a_o creature_n may_v live_v for_o long_a or_o short_a time_n second_o more_o strict_o for_o such_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n whereon_o mankind_n may_v convenient_o reside_v or_o dwell_v the_o former_a comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o also_o the_o water_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v for_o a_o time_n reside_v and_o dwell_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o the_o latter_a betoken_v a_o continuance_n of_o habitation_n be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o land_n which_o sense_n howbeit_o it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n yet_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o use_v the_o former_a understand_v by_o habitation_n not_o only_o a_o place_n of_o convenient_a residence_n but_o any_o other_o whereon_o a_o creature_n for_o a_o time_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_o habitable_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a opinion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o everywhere_o habitable_a namely_o in_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n
it_o will_v ever_o prosper_v 4_o why_o our_o mastiff_n a_o serviceable_a kind_n of_o creature_n against_o the_o molestation_n of_o wolf_n and_o such_o hurtful_a beast_n transport_v into_o france_n shall_v after_o a_o litter_n or_o two_o degenerate_a into_o cur_n and_o prove_v altogether_o unseruiceable_a 5_o why_o with_o we_o in_o england_n some_o place_n produce_v sheep_n of_o great_a stature_n but_o course_n wool_n other_o place_n small_a sheep_n but_o of_o very_o fine_a wool_n which_o be_v natural_o transplant_v will_v in_o a_o generation_n or_o two_o so_o degenerate_a the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o nature_n that_o the_o great_a sheep_n loose_v somewhat_o of_o their_o greatness_n yet_o improve_v their_o fleece_n as_o the_o other_o increase_v their_o stature_n but_o loose_a much_o in_o the_o fineness_n of_o their_o wool_n 6_o why_o many_o place_n at_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n andi_fw-la in_o america_n can_v be_v pass_v over_o without_o extreme_a vomit_v and_o gripe_v even_o unto_o death_n 7_o why_o a_o river_n in_o the_o indies_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o nature_n to_o breed_v a_o great_a long_a worm_n in_o a_o man_n leg_n which_o oftentimes_o prove_v mortal_a unto_o the_o patient_a with_o infinite_a the_o like_a example_n find_v in_o geographer_n concern_v the_o nature_n and_o accident_n of_o fountain_n herb_n tree_n beast_n and_o man_n themselves_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o so_o much_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n what_o wise_a answer_n can_v a_o ingenious_a man_n expect_v then_o silence_n or_o admiration_n for_o to_o make_v recourse_n to_o sympathy_n antipathy_n and_o such_o hide_a quality_n with_o the_o current_n of_o our_o philosopher_n be_v no_o other_o than_o in_o such_o sort_n to_o confess_v our_o own_o ignorance_n as_o if_o notwithstanding_o we_o desire_v to_o be_v account_v learned_a for_o beside_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o term_n wherein_o every_o mountebank_n may_v talk_v down_o a_o judicious_a scholar_n i_o see_v no_o advantage_n betwixt_o a_o clown_n which_o say_v he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n or_o of_o a_o juggle_a scholar_n which_o assign_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o sympathy_n antipathy_n or_o some_o occult_a quality_n i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o countenance_v supine_n blockishness_n or_o to_o cast_v a_o block_n in_o the_o way_n of_o curious_a industry_n the_o former_a disposition_n i_o have_v always_o hate_v and_o the_o latter_a still_o wish_v in_o myself_o and_o admit_v in_o other_o all_o which_o i_o can_v in_o this_o matter_n propose_v to_o a_o curious_a wit_n to_o be_v seek_v must_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o of_o these_o two_o head_n for_o either_o such_o admirable_a effect_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v must_v arise_v from_o some_o formal_a and_o specifical_a virtue_n in_o the_o soil_n or_o from_o some_o extraordinary_a temperament_n make_v of_o a_o rare_a combination_n of_o the_o element_n and_o their_o secondary_a mixture_n as_o of_o herb_n stone_n mineral_n and_o vapour_n arise_v from_o such_o and_o affect_v the_o air_n of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v some_o occasion_n to_o treat_v in_o the_o particular_a adjunct_n of_o place_n yet_o so_o as_o i_o fear_v i_o shall_v neither_o give_v myself_o content_a or_o my_o reader_n any_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n but_o in_o magnis_fw-la voluisse_fw-la sit_v est_fw-la 11_o hitherto_o of_o the_o common_a imbred_a adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n topographical_o take_v next_o we_o will_v speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n these_o be_v in_o number_n two_o viz_o variation_n and_o declination_n we_o have_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n of_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n handle_v diverse_a other_o affection_n grow_v from_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whence_o some_o man_n may_v here_o collect_v this_o repetition_n to_o be_v altogether_o needless_a or_o at_o the_o least_o imperfect_a omit_v many_o other_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o these_o affection_n as_o they_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n another_o thing_n to_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v particular_a propriety_n and_o mark_n of_o particular_a place_n and_o region_n in_o the_o former_a sort_n have_v we_o beside_o the_o variation_n and_o declination_n handle_v many_o other_o affection_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_o consider_v we_o here_o only_o speak_v of_o these_o two_o as_o they_o be_v special_a mark_n and_o propriety_n of_o sqeciall_a place_n which_o it_o behoove_v a_o topographer_n to_o observe_v as_o a_o matter_n worthy_a of_o observation_n in_o the_o description_n of_o any_o place_n the_o use_n shall_v be_v commend_v unto_o we_o in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1._o the_o magnetical_a variation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o the_o first_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o recognition_n of_o a_o place_n heretofore_o discover_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a book_n because_o the_o variation_n seldom_o or_o never_o answer_v proportional_o to_o the_o longitude_n as_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n on_o false_a ground_n have_v surmise_v whence_o no_o true_a consequence_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o variation_n of_o a_o place_n to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v of_o special_a use_n for_o the_o new_a find_v out_o of_o such_o place_n as_o have_v former_o by_o other_o be_v first_o discover_v so_o the_o variation_n be_v first_o by_o they_o diligent_o and_o faithful_o note_v and_o observe_v first_o because_o few_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n can_v exact_o and_o precise_o agree_v in_o the_o selfsame_o variation_n but_o in_o some_o degree_n or_o minute_n will_v be_v find_v to_o vary_v second_o if_o any_o two_o place_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o accord_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o variation_n yet_o compare_v the_o variation_n with_o the_o degree_n of_o declination_n we_o shall_v common_o find_v a_o difference_n for_o as_o much_o as_o place_n agree_v in_o variation_n may_v notwithstanding_o vary_v in_o the_o declination_n three_o if_o two_o place_n shall_v be_v equalise_v in_o both_o as_o we_o can_v deny_v it_o to_o be_v possible_a yet_o the_o compare_v of_o these_o two_o magnetical_a motion_n with_o other_o affection_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o of_o the_o heaven_n will_v give_v at_o least_o a_o probable_a distinction_n of_o which_o case_n it_o be_v not_o hard_o out_o of_o the_o observation_n of_o our_o new_a writer_n and_o navigatour_n to_o give_v particular_a instance_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o find_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n at_o cape_n verde_n to_o be_v just_a 7_o degree_n about_o the_o land_n near_o to_o cape_n verde_n to_o amount_v only_o 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watery_a planet_n work_v on_o the_o water_n their_o proper_a subject_n the_o other_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o bound_n and_o bank_n restrain_v the_o water_n which_o by_o process_n of_o time_n wear_v out_o and_o suffer_v breach_n both_o these_o cause_n sometime_o concur_v together_o cause_n a_o inundation_n which_o assertion_n we_o may_v lawful_o accept_v but_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o almighty_a god_n work_v by_o second_o cause_n nevertheless_o direct_v they_o oftentimes_o to_o supernatural_a and_o extraordinary_a end_n 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o bound_n of_o region_n by_o particular_a inundation_n howsoever_o some_o inundation_n have_v not_o continue_v long_o but_o after_o a_o small_a time_n leâ—t_v the_o earth_n to_o her_o own_o possession_n yet_o other_o have_v be_v of_o such_o violence_n as_o they_o have_v be_v find_v to_o have_v fret_v away_o or_o add_v and_o so_o alter_v the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o place_n which_o beside_o diverse_a example_n 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sea_n have_v be_v observe_v for_o a_o great_a space_n to_o leave_v the_o land_n naked_a as_o verstegan_n conjecture_n of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o belgia_n which_o he_o say_v be_v in_o ancient_a time_n cover_v with_o water_n which_o beside_o many_o other_o argument_n he_o labour_v to_o prove_v out_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o fish-shell_n and_o fish-bone_n find_v everywhere_a far_o under_o ground_n about_o holland_n and_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o which_o be_v dig_v up_o in_o such_o abundance_n and_o from_o such_o depth_n can_v not_o say_v he_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o sea_n which_o cover_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o strew_v it_o with_o fish_n last_o that_o the_o sea_n may_v seem_v as_o well_o to_o get_v as_o lose_v she_o have_v show_v her_o power_n in_o take_v away_o and_o swallow_v up_o some_o region_n and_o city_n which_o before_o be_v extant_a such_o fortune_n have_v pyrrha_n and_o antisâ—a_n about_o meotis_n
thou_o have_v thou_o be_v honour_v by_o my_o sacred_a breath_n amongst_o rude_a arcadian_n thus_o to_o beg_v a_o death_n what_o great_a glory_n can_v thy_o ash_n have_v then_o in_o my_o flowery_a grove_n to_o dig_v thy_o grave_n although_o the_o least_o among_o my_o learned_a son_n thy_o fortune_n tell_v thou_o that_o i_o love_v thou_o once_o and_o so_o do_v still_o although_o my_o hapless_a bays_n teach_v thy_o despair_n to_o spin_v out_o careless_a day_n and_o to_o compose_v thy_o discontent_a head_n to_o slumber_v soft_o on_o the_o muse_n bed_n be_v rule_v by_o i_o my_o poor_a yet_o love_v son_n trust_v not_o their_o smile_n who_o wrong_n have_v thou_o undo_v thy_o fair_a hope_n ground_v on_o thy_o place_n of_o birth_n will_v fly_v in_o atom_n or_o consume_v in_o earth_n before_o within_o that_o hemisphere_n of_o thou_o thy_o devons_a sun_n on_o thou_o shall_v ever_o shine_v then_o trust_v unto_o my_o bounty_n turn_v thy_o sight_n from_o thy_o dark_a confine_n to_o my_o golden_a light_n all_o thy_o endowment_n owe_v to_o my_o womb_n return_v they_o back_o and_o there_o erect_v thy_o tomb_n if_o no_o maecenas_n crown_v thou_o with_o his_o ray_n teach_v thy_o content_n to_o sleep_v out_o quiet_a day_n let_v contemplation_n with_o transpiercing_a eye_n mount_v thou_o a_o pitch_n beyond_o the_o starry_a sky_n and_o there_o present_v thou_o that_o eternal_a glass_n wherein_o the_o greatness_n of_o this_o wondrous_a mass_n shrink_v to_o a_o aâ—ome_n where_o my_o astrolube_n shall_v show_v thou_o star_n beyond_o thy_o paint_a globe_n where_o thou_o aloft_o as_o from_o a_o mountain_n steep_a shall_v see_v the_o great_a man_n like_o ant_n to_o creep_v thy_o day_n shall_v minister_v thou_o choice_a theme_n which_o night_n shall_v render_v in_o delicious_a dream_n and_o thy_o severe_a philosophy_n the_o while_n in_o amorous_a kind_n shall_v court_v thou_o with_o her_o smile_n or_o if_o thy_o nature_n with_o constraint_n descend_v below_o she_o own_o delight_n to_o 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country_n when_o she_o hate_v thou_o this_o strange_a reproof_n of_o a_o indulgent_a mother_n i_o can_v not_o entertain_v without_o passion_n in_o so_o much_o as_o without_o fear_n or_o wit_n i_o adventure_v in_o this_o sort_n to_o answer_v she_o in_o her_o own_o language_n ad_fw-la matrem_fw-la academiam_fw-la 〈…〉_z have_v my_o former_a year_n so_o much_o 〈…〉_z on_o thy_o hate_n or_o these_o my_o tear_n thus_o to_o divorce_v i_o from_o my_o place_n of_o birth_n to_o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o my_o native_a earth_n will_v thou_o expose_v he_o on_o thy_o common_a stage_n to_o strive_v and_o struggle_v in_o a_o iron_n age_n who_o low_a ambition_n never_o learn_v of_o thou_o the_o curious_a art_n of_o thrive_a policy_n thy_o golden_a tongue_n from_o which_o my_o young_a day_n suck_v the_o sweet_a music_n of_o thy_o learned_a lay_n be_v better_o teach_v thy_o office_n then_o my_o fate_n to_o make_v i_o thou_o yet_o most_o unfortunate_a why_o be_v i_o foster_v in_o thy_o learned_a school_n to_o study_v with_o for_o the_o reward_n of_o fool_n that_o while_o i_o sit_v to_o heâ—re_v the_o muse_n sing_v the_o winter_n sudden_o ore-took_a my_o spring_n have_v i_o so_o play_v the_o truant_n with_o my_o hour_n or_o with_o base_a riot_n stain_v thy_o sacred_a bower_n or_o as_o a_o viper_n do_v i_o ever_o strive_v to_o gnaw_v a_o passage_n through_o thy_o womb_n to_o thrive_v to_o pluck_v i_o thus_o from_o devons_a breast_n to_o try_v what_o thou_o can_v do_v when_o as_o thy_o dug_n be_v dry_a when_o my_o short_a thread_n of_o life_n be_v almost_o spin_a thou_o bidd_v i_o rise_v up_o with_o thy_o morning_n sun_n and_o like_o a_o heliotrope_n adore_v the_o east_n when_o my_o care-hastened_n age_n arrive_v at_o west_n can_v i_o encounter_v as_o i_o once_o do_v hope_n the_o god_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o horoscope_n my_o phâ—buâ—_n will_v auspicious_a look_n incline_v on_o my_o hard_a fate_n and_o discontent_n to_o shine_v now_o lodge_v in_o a_o luckless_a house_n reject_v my_o former_a suit_n and_o frown_n with_o sad_a aspect_n have_v i_o be_v bear_v when_o that_o eternal_a hand_n wrap_v the_o infant_n world_n in_o her_o first_o swaddle_a band_n before_o philosophy_n be_v teach_v the_o way_n to_o rock_v the_o cradle_n in_o which_o nature_n lie_v my_o learning_n have_v be_v husbandry_n my_o birth_n have_v owe_v no_o toll_n but_o to_o the_o virgin_n earth_n noâ—_n haâ—_n i_o court_v for_o these_o thiâ—â—y_a year_n thy_o seven_o proud_a minion_n with_o officious_a tear_n to_o live_v have_v be_v my_o industry_n no_o tongue_n have_v tax_v thy_o honour_n guilty_a of_o my_o wrong_n have_v i_o be_v shepherd_n on_o our_o western_a plain_n i_o may_v have_v sing_v among_o those_o happy_a swain_n some_o shepherdess_n hear_v my_o melody_n may_v have_v be_v charm_v kind_a as_o charity_n and_o teach_v i_o those_o sad_a minute_n to_o reprieve_v which_o i_o have_v lose_v in_o study_v how_o to_o thrive_v have_v i_o adueture_v on_o the_o brinish_a foam_n and_o swear_v myself_o a_o stranger_n to_o my_o home_n till_o time_n the_o harvest_n reap_v my_o youth_n do_v owe_v and_o age_n winter_n have_v spend_v all_o her_o snow_n upon_o my_o hair_n what_o worser_o can_v i_o have_v then_o lose_v thy_o frown_n to_o find_v a_o wish_a grave_n the_o scythian_a hew_v from_o caucasus_n will_v ask_v â—efore_o my_o slaughter_n why_o a_o needle_n task_n of_o travail_n i_o shall_v undertake_v to_o see_v their_o country_n bound_n and_o my_o sad_a misery_n but_o hear_v my_o harsh_a bondage_n under_o thou_o will_v thy_o unkindness_n hate_n and_o piâ—ty_n i_o to_o see_v thy_o child_n far_o sever_v from_o thy_o womb_n the_o cannibal_n will_v make_v himself_o my_o tomb_n and_o till_o his_o own_o be_v spend_v preserve_v my_o dust_n in_o his_o dear_a urn_n which_o thou_o have_v slight_o lose_v can_v thou_o neglect_v see_v his_o age_n to_o freeze_v who_o youth_n thou_o dandl'_v on_o indulgent_a knee_n the_o foul_a aspersion_n on_o my_o devon_n throw_v thou_o may_v in_o right_v acknowledge_v for_o thy_o own_o only_a this_o difference_n to_o man_n want_v worth_a they_o sell_v preferment_n and_o thou_o send_v they_o forth_o can_v thou_o be_v bribe_v to_o honour_v with_o a_o kiss_n thy_o guild_a folly_n which_o deserve_v the_o hiss_n if_o thy_o fox_v want_n and_o flattery_n conspire_v to_o sell_v thy_o scarlet_n to_o a_o worthless_a squire_n or_o grace_n with_o minivere_a some_o proselyte_n who_o never_o know_v art_n or_o read_v the_o stagirite_n yet_o shall_v thy_o hand_n be_v frugal_a to_o preserve_v that_o stock_n for_o want_n of_o which_o thy_o son_n may_v starve_v have_v i_o serve_v out_o three_o prenticeship_n yet_o find_v thy_o trade_n inferior_a to_o the_o humble_a mind_n and_o that_o outstrip_v by_o unthrift_n which_o be_v send_v free_a with_o indenture_n ere_o their_o year_n be_v spend_v then_o cease_v you_o sister_n of_o the_o thespian_a spring_n thalia_n burn_v thy_o book_n and_o break_v thy_o string_n and_o mother_n make_v thyself_o a_o second_o tomb_n for_o all_o thy_o offspring_n and_o so_o shut_v thy_o womb_n accuse_v not_o my_o just_a anger_n but_o the_o cause_n nature_n may_v urge_v but_o fury_n scorn_v her_o law_n i_o fawn_v too_o long_o on_o justice_n sith_o that_o fail_v storm_v indignation_n and_o blow_n up_o my_o sail_n ingenious_a choler_n arm_v with_o scorpion_n sting_n which_o whippe_v on_o peasant_n and_o command_v king_n and_o give_v each_o milky_a soul_n a_o pen_n to_o write_v though_o all_o the_o world_n turn_v a_o parasite_n o_o temper_n my_o brain_n thy_o bitterness_n infuse_v descend_v and_o dictate_v to_o my_o angry_a muse._n o_o pardon_v mother_n something_a check_n my_o spleen_n and_o from_o thy_o face_n take_v off_o my_o angry_a teen_n revolt_a nature_n by_o the_o same_o degree_n go_v and_o return_n beg_v
break_v and_o cut_v off_o after_o which_o spain_n and_o italy_n find_v a_o mean_n to_o free_v themselves_o from_o their_o bondage_n likewise_o the_o colony_n of_o the_o celte_v and_o roman_n endeavour_v always_o to_o settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o middle_a region_n and_o never_o venture_v as_o far_o as_o scythia_n northward_o or_o southward_o as_o far_o as_o aethiopia_n whence_o the_o middle_a charge_v with_o intermixture_n of_o both_o extreme_n beget_v a_o great_a diversity_n for_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o out_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o diverse_a kind_n diverse_a form_n and_o nature_n be_v engender_v as_o of_o the_o mule_n leopard_n crocuta_n lycisca_n and_o camelopardus_n which_o be_v mix_v creature_n be_v unlike_o their_o sire_n so_o may_v we_o judge_v of_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o man_n a_o mastiff_n or_o lycisca_n little_a differ_v from_o a_o wolf_n because_o he_o be_v conceive_v of_o a_o wolf_n and_o a_o dog_n so_o that_o a_o wolf_n be_v as_o varro_n note_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o wild_a dog_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o mule_n from_o a_o ass_n and_o a_o horse_n as_o a_o camelopardus_n from_o a_o panthor_n and_o a_o camel_n differ_v very_o much_o so_o that_o if_o people_n very_o near_o in_o nature_n be_v link_v together_o they_o produce_v a_o offspring_n very_o like_o themselves_o but_o if_o two_o very_a unlike_a in_o nature_n as_o a_o ethiopian_a and_o a_o scythian_a shall_v match_v together_o they_o must_v needs_o bring_v forth_o a_o birth_n very_o unlike_a to_o themselves_o like_o a_o personate_a man_n bring_v upon_o the_o stage_n by_o ptolomaeus_n philedephus_fw-la who_o as_o athenaeus_n write_v be_v of_o two_o colour_n on_o one_o side_n white_a on_o the_o other_o black_a 2_o the_o second_o point_n whereby_o the_o disposition_n of_o people_n be_v vary_v be_v education_n education_n be_v the_o exercise_n of_o many_o people_n in_o religion_n or_o moral_a discipline_n among_o all_o external_a cause_n of_o 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