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book_n	find_v	great_a	read_v	2,892	5	5.5522	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A18998	The schoole of horsmanship VVherein is discouered vvhat skill and knowledge is required in a good horseman, practised by perfect experience. And also how to reforme anie restie horse, of what nature and disposition so euer. Briefely touching the knowledge of the breeder, sadler, smith, and the horseleach. With a strange and rare inuention how to make a new kinde of racke, and how to teach a horse to lie vpon his bellie vntill the rider take his backe. By Christ. Clifford, Gent.	Clifford, Christopher.	1585 (1585)	STC 5415; ESTC S105109	130,605	210

taken in hand anie resti● or runawaie iades but that I haue perfectly reformed them whereas if I had offered diuers of them to turne in a furrowe it had béene vnpossible to remedie them nay rather I should haue made them ten times worse I crie you mercie poore horses for that I haue called you iades which is a name more proper to those beasts which do so beastlie misuse you Kingdon Now do I vnderstand howe to make a horse of good disposition to turne readily on both handes by riding him in a ring and changing him from hand to hand within and without the same and as hée is perfect in the large ring to cause him to treade out an other a little lesser and so still as he is perfect in the one to cause him to make an other lesser till I haue brought him to turne in so narrowe roome as is possible the which I must néeds confesse to be the most excellentest waie of all other for that hereby I shall neither hurt my horses mouth nor haue anie néede to pull him about with the one raine wherewith I might make him become weake necked to runne backward or to reare on end yea by turning my horse too short at the first I may not onely disorder him but also vtterly spoile his back loines and mouth and besides I may make him so restie that he will not do anie thing but it remaineth that you shew me how I shall make my ring in a pit or vppon a hilles side to reforme those horses that are strong of bodie lustie and wel able to endure trauaile and those that are hard of mouth and vnnimble of foote and that will leane on the one side in their turning and that are very stubborn and vntractable Clifford The ring which thou must make in a pit or vpon a hilles side differeth nothing in fashion from the other ring but in qualitie there is great difference for that the one in fiue times more painful thā the other bicause in treading the one halfe of this ring you must ride vphill and the other halfe your horse goeth downehill which will make anie horse were he neuer so hard of mouth or vnnimble of foote or subiect to leane on the one side in his turning wonderfully mend his faults by oftentimes pasing him in the same and trotting him and sometimes gallopping him thrée or foure times about on a hand and then stopping him and making him goe backe which being done you must walke him in the selfe ring till he be in breath againe and then giue him his lesson as before so often as shall be agréeable with his strength and to take great héede that alwaies you giue him fiue times as manie turnes vpon his pase as you do either vpon his trot or gallop and when you chaunge handes you must obserue the selfe same order as hath béene before taught in all points and as touching the ring in a pit which is best of all other if the pit be little inough you may make your ring round about vpon the bankes thereof so high as your horse may get good footing but if the pit be bigger than you would haue the ring then may you tread it out vpon one side of the pit and make one part of your ring so high vppon the banke or side of your foresaid pit as your horse can get good holde with his féete and obserue the same order as in the ring vpon the hilles side these two last rings are not onelie sufficient to reforme al the forenamed faults but thou shalt also tenne times sooner haue made thy horse readie in these rings than in the rings vpon plaine ground besides that when thy horse is made he shall be so sure of foote that thou shalt hardly euer haue occasion to ride him on such ground but that vpon his gallop he will kéepe his féete sure without anie danger of falling Kingdon It resteth that you shew m● the rest of the 〈…〉 ing places with the vse thereof according ●● y 〈…〉 pr 〈…〉 made before Clifford I haue shewed thée the best but bicause I haue taken so much paines to teach thée I would now for my credits sake be verie sorie not to make thée a good horsman in respect whereof I will shew thée another kind of managing place not vnproperly inuented and vsed of skilfull riders and also I will shew thée an other fashion riding place which is not amisse to be vsed at sometimes to recreate your horse with change of lessons which riding place I call a double S. which being ioined together is not much vnlike the figure of eight And the place where thou shalt first enter is marked with the figure 1. and where thou shalt beginne to turne thy horse on the right hand marked with the figure 2. and where thou shalt beginne to turne on thy left hand marked with the figure 3. here most plainly to be séene and where thou shalt enter this managing place at the first is marked with the figure 4. and where thou shalt beginne to turne thy horse first vppon the right hand is marked with the figure 5. and where thou shalt cloase thy turne when thou hast ridden a●●ute the halfe circle is marked with the figure 6. and where thou must stop thy horse when he hath managed is marked with this figure 7. And when thou hast made a turne on thy right hand then maist thou ride to the other end and make an other on thy left beginning thy turne at this figure 8. which shal be closed when thou commest to the figure 9. Then maiest thou ride againe through thy managing ●urrow and giue thy horse an other turne on his right hand as at the first thus maiest thou change from hand to hand so often as thou shalt thinke requisite And when thy horse is perfect in managing in these two halfe circles vppon his gallop in such order as hath béene here taught then maiest thou by a little a●●nce acquaint him to beginne to turne about thy halfe circle the other waie so that in processe of time you make him turne perfectly both the one way and the other about the foresaide halfe circle Friend Kingdon thy negligenc● or lacke of remembraunce to demaunde those things in their proper places hath béene cause of some disorder for that the large rings which should haue béene in the beginning of this Booke in the chapter of treading the great ring are here placed out of al order Kingdon It is no matter in what order they be placed in the Booke for the diligent reader that will take paines to reade the whole worke shall here finde a most excellent order to make anie horse readie of what nature or disposition soeuer he be and also howe to reforme anie restife or run awaie horse perfectly Of the Bit and Cauison Kingdon HAuing made mine horse perfectly readie vppon the trench or brake with a mousroll and martingale I would desire you to

Skill most excellent His rare conceits in this his Booke he showes How stubborne Iades reformed ought to be And all diseases which by experience he knowes How them to cure you may both learne and see The Sadler and the Smith of thee may find their skil So in their Art thou dost reforme their ill What honors then to Martiall mindes are due What recompence is made for worthie paines What thankes or gifts do Vertue stil ensue And what rewards both Art and Skill obtaines The same to thee for this thy good desart Both strangers friends and countrie will impart Iohn Tracie Knight The contents of this Booke AL the principall points belonging to a good horsman most plainly taught according to my true experience which I haue wel approoued and tried by the space of 30. years that is to saie of the Breeder the Rider Keeper and the Sadler of the Horseleach and Smith Where in the beginning you shall finde certaine briefe notes necessarie to be obserued of the Breeder In the first Booke you shal find the Art of Riding with a treatise how to vse your hand vpon the bridle and cauison so plainly taught that it is not possible for anie man of reason that is willing to learne this Art but that he may make any horse readie of what nature or disposition soeuer he be and after an easier maner than hath beene heretofore taught by any man The second Booke sheweth to reforme al kinds of restie horses or hard mouthed runawaies both easly and plainely The third Booke intreateth of the Kepers office how to make your stable with a standing rack that there may no dust fall neither on the horses mane nor on his head a most rare inuention Also it teacheth you how to diet your horse both when you trauell and exercise him And how to maister all those horses that will bite their Keepers or leape on them with their forefeet at such time as they leade them in their hands or that the Rider would take their backes The fourth Booke intreateth of the Sadlers office how he should make his saddle and what kinde of saddle is best both for seruice and trauell And also how euerie souldior may carrie both his headpeece and pistoll in such sort as it shall not trouble him any more than if he had nothing at al at his saddle Also it teacheth how to make your headstall to serue in steede of a collar when you trauell anie iourney or that you are in seruice a thing verie necessarie to be learned of al souldiers It teacheth you also ●ow to make your cauison curb diuers other necessarie 〈…〉 tions very needful to be vsed of the Rider The fift Booke teacheth how to cure your horse of so many diseases as I haue in al my life had experience of The sixt and last Booke sheweth howe you should shoo● your horse and how to make that horse that hath euil feet to haue good hoofes in very short space Cliffords experience and opinion of breeding of Coltes and what Stalians and Mares are best to breed vpon and also what ground is best to breed an horse in Of the Stalian THe Stalian woulde be large of bodie for that we sée most commonly the Coltes to followe the Stalian in bignes although they be begotten of little Mares or of Mares a great deale lesse than the Stalian Let him also be of good colour of good courage wel made and aboue all things sée he be sound and well marked and that he be gentle and of an approoued durablenesse in trauel and as touching his colour there is none euill that hath all his outward partes blacke that is to say his legges taile and mane tippes of eares and his mouzel nor none good that hath all his bodie of one colour sa●e th● blacke and white but the blacke is the best of the two 〈…〉 urs last named And aboue al things sée he haue good hoofes that is to say that they be litle and round and hollow for broade footed long footed and narrow héeled iades are nothing worth when they come to seruice or trauel for in seruice the broade foote will neuer kéepe a sh●● long and in trauel they will all be lame But if your m●re haue very good hoofs then the Stalian with euill hoofes shall be more tolerable And as touching his age the yonger and lustier he is the better for I haue séene an horse of foure yéeres of age get so good a colt as an horse that was eight yeares of age I haue also ridd 〈…〉 ●n horse of the Marshall Byrones begotten of a Turkish Stalian that was 24. yéeres of age and I neuer found in all my life a better horse both for trauel and seruice As touching your mares that you mind to bréed vpō the larger they are the better but if you chaunce to haue any yong mares that you mind to breed vpon take héed that you first make them to be ridde and handled the 3. yeare and that you put not them to the horse til they be 4. yeres of age and it shal be good to handle them gently and to let them haue daily erercise in some moderate trauel for if you let them stand long stil you shal greatly weaken their bodies and by sodaine extreme trauelling of them after long rest al fil them ful of diseases so as they shall be verie vnprofitable for a race for it is not possible to bréed sound colts vpō vnsound mares and Stalians Let them also be of good shape colour but the shape is much more to be taken héed of than the colour for that it is much holpen by the Stalian when you would put them to the horse the best way is in my iudgement to let thē run togither at grasse for the space of a month at the least And see that your mares haue no shooes on their hinder féet for feare of hurting your Stalian and let not your Stalian be too fat and he woulde also be trauelled a iourney before you turne him out to the end that he may be wearie so shall he not ouer-heat himself at the first and the best time of the daie to turne him out is in the morning fasting verie early before the heate of the daie afterward when he hath heated himselfe the warmnes of the Sun shal come by means whereof he shall not take any cold if he driue him selfe into any heat it shal be good to cause a boy to folow him vp and downe so as he may not rest till he be throughly colde It shall not be amisse before that you turne your mares and Stalian togither to trie whether they wil stand still or not to the horse by offering them some other nag or stoned iade and if you sée they stand stil thē are they not in horsing yet haue I séene some iades being mad on horsing that would strike the Stalian and yet after they had béene a little wearie would