Archaioplutos OR THE RICHES OF Elder ages Proouing by manie good and learned Authours that the auncient Emperors Kings were more rich and magnificent then such as liue in these daies Heereto is annexed the honours of the braue Romaine Souldiours With the seauen Wonders of the Worlde Written in French by Guil. Thelin Lord of Gutmont and Morillonuilliers and truely translated into English Patere aut Abstine AT LONDON Printed by I. C. for Richard Smith and are to be sold at his shop at the West doore of Paules 1592. To the Right Honourable and vertuous Lord Gilbert Lord Talbot the honourable Earle of Shrewesburie Knight of the most noble order of the Garter c. The fulnesse of content in all his heroycall desires I Offer to your Honour the paines of a Noble Frenchman how vnskilfully by me turned into English I leaue to your wonted honourable consideration who beeing enriched with so many singuler perfections will not frowne on the good endeuours of an humble well-willer I haue no meane whereby to excuse my boldnes but onelie this a reuerend and vnfained affection to your honour with forward zeale in duetie to doe anie thing you shall commaund me if this may excuse me it is as much as I desire and which heereafter I wil better imploy my selfe to deserue Your honours humble affectionate An Monday One of the Messengers of her Maiesties Chamber To the courteous Reader IF thys harshe and vnpleasant translation courteous Gentlemen may passe wyth your wonted kind acceptance expect a worke from the Presse very shortly more aunswerable to your humours namely the sweet conceited Historie of Orlando Amoroso Though farre inferiour to that already extant of Orlando Furioso doone by so rare a Scholler of the Muses yet what wants in cunning good wyll shall supply to compleat Orlandos vvhole Historie together A. M. A briefe extract of certain Histories wherin is declared that the Emperours and Kings of elder tymes were more rich and magnificent then such as liue at thys day taken from the Volumes of sundry good Authors The tryumph of Salomons Temple and what the making thereof valued WEE reade in the first Booke of the Chronicles the twentie two chapter that Dauid saide to Salomon My Son comfort thy selfe plucke vp thy hart and be strong dreade not neither be discouraged For according to my pouertie haue I prepared for the house of the Lord such dispence as shall be needfull to make vp the same to wit an hundred thousand Talents of Golde and a thousand thousand Talents of Siluer which is one Million with three thousand Talents of Gold of Ophir of the best choise Thys sum is infinite and not to be numbred An hūdred thousand Talents of gold doe value three-score thousand Millions of Crownes The Million of Talents of siluer valueth sixe hundred Millions of Crownes according to the estimate of Budaeus in hys Booke of Coynes Where speaking of the tryumphes of Caesar he saith that he caused to be brought into the publique Treasurie three-score and fiue thousand Talents of siluer which valued nine and thirty Millions of Crownes He maketh also the like mention where he speaketh of Cyrus King of Persia who tooke Craesus and his treasure amounting to fiue hundred thousand Talents of siluer which value three hundred Millions of Gold It is written in the second Chapter of the third booke of Kings that in the time of Salomon he had so much siluer out of Iudea as there was not any account made thereof The shyps belonging to Salomon king Hyram went by three and three yeerely to Tharsus whence they brought great quantitie of Gold and siluer in so much that as the Text saith there was such store of gold and siluer in Ierusalem as the King esteemed therof no otherwise then of stones the Vessels and all the vtencelles together of the house of Lybanon was of fine Gold Iosephus in his seauenth booke of Antiquities witnesseth that Dauid when he deceassed left greater riches then any other King were he Hebrewe or Gentile which was hydden within his Sepulchre as also in the Coffer or Vessell monumentarie wherin the bones and ashes of the Kinges were wont to be kept so that his treasure was verie hard to be found Likewise in the ninth Booke of the Euangelicall preparation he sayth that hee hath read in Eupolemus an auncient Historian that the King of Tyre and of Phoenicia with many other beside were tributaries to King Dauid from whom hee conquered these Treasures by force of Armes and by the Diuine fore-pointment the place was shewen him where the Temple shoulde be builded But because hee had soyled his hands with blood-shed in warre it was told him that he should not builde the fore-saide Temple Wherefore he prepared so great aboundance as he could of gold siluer brasse stones Tymber of Cipres and Cedar and sent it into the Ile which hee called Urpha situate in the Red-sea which was wonderfully stored with Mines of Gold and from whence was brought an innumerable quantitie After his deceasse Salomon wrote Letters to the King of Egipt named Uafres after this manner Salomon King of Iudea to Vafres his friende King of Egipt perpetuall health Knowe that by the grace of God and from King Dauid my Father this kingdome is discended vnto me he in his life time gaue mee in charge that I should builde a Temple to the Creator of heauen and earth for which cause I haue written to thee that thou wouldest giue me comfort and assistance in this busines Therfore I require thee to send me Maisters of Masons Stone-cutters Carpenters and workmen who may erect for me the said Temple These Letters receiued by the King of Egipt were in this manner answered I sende thee eyght score thousand men such as are expert chiefe in erecting of buildings euen such as thou hast required of me Like Letters wrote Salomon to Suron King of Tyre receiuing like aunswere and like number of Maisters in workes and buildings This History written by Eupolemus an Historian Gentile agreeth in euery part with the holy Scripture as in the fift Chapter of the thirde booke of the Kinges and there is no other difference but onely that concerning Tyre where he calleth the king of Tyre Suron the Scripture nameth hym Hyram Iosephus in the eyght Booke of his Antiquities saith that these two Epistles or Letters of King Salomon and King Hyram were in his tyme intirely sound and perfect both in Tyre and in Iudea Eupolemus passeth further and sayth that all the gold which was imployed about the Temple the Colloms and Vessels of Gold amounted to foure Millions and sixe hundred thousand Crownes The siluer for the nayles and other thinges valued twelue hundred and thirtie two Talents After the work-men were contented they of Egypt sent home into theyr Countrey as also the men of Tyre the sum that was gyuen to each one for his paines was tenne Talents of Gold The dispence of the Temple
according to Budaeus amounted to twentie seauen Millions nine hundred thousande Crownes of the Sunne and twelue hundred thirtie-two Talents of siluer which come to seauen hundred thirty seauen thousande Crownes of the Crowne Yet is not comprised in this sum what was giuen to three-score and ten thousande Labourers of whoÌ„ mention is made in the 5. chapter of the 1. Booke of the Kings nor of 3000. three hundred Maisters that ruled and ouer-sawe the worke nor the charges offraights and carriages nor how much the brasse and yron cost nor what rewarde was giuen to eyght 〈◊〉 thousande men more sent him for handy-crafts men by the King of Egipt Wherfore we may well imagine that Salomons Temple was a worke of wonder and the cost thereon bestowed inestimable It is written in the second booke of the Chronicles the fourth Chapter That all the Vessels Basons Candlesticks Censors Lampes Organes and other musicall instruments of the Temple the Alsar the Ports the Tables and Hindges were of pure gold Wee reade likewise in the first Booke of the Chronicles the nine and twentith chapter that the Princes and Fathers of the linage of Israell also the Captaines of thousands and hundreds offered willingly and gaue for the seruice of the house of God fiue thousands Talents and ten thousand peeces of Golde tenne thousand Talents of siluer eighteene thousande Talents of Brasse and one hundred thousande Talents of yron And they with whom precious stones were found gaue them to the Treasure of the house of the Lord. Salomon caused to be made three hundred Shieldes of fine Golde that is to say couered with Gold framed in fashion of Plates accounting each Plate worth sixe hundred sicles which value two thousand and foure hundred Crownes of the Sunne Three hundred Targets which are little light Shieldes of the purest purified Gold and placed them in the house of Lybanon Eupolemus adioynes heereto a thousande Shieldes of Gold It is written in the tenth Chapter of the third Booke of the Kings that Salomon made a great seate royall of Iuorie and couered it with the best Gold And the seate had sixe steps and the top of the seate was round behind and there were Pommels on either side of the seate And there stoode twelue Lyons on the steppes sixe on a side there was neuer like worke seene in any Kingdome Salomon sacrificed at one time to God two and twentie thousand Oxen and an hundred twentie thousand Sheepe His ordinary expence day by day was thirtie quarters of fine Manchet flower and three-score quarters of other meale ten stalled Oxen and twentie out of the Pastures an hundred sheepe besides Hartes Buckes Wilde-goates and Capons And Salomon had fortie thousande stalles of Horsses for Chariots and as many Heards of Horsses he had likewise twelue thousand Horse-men according as it is written in the thyrd Booke of the Kings the fourth Chapter The riches of Darius QUintus Curtius Plutarch Strabo and other Historians haue supposed written that Alexander the great after his conquest of Darius king of Persia found in the Treasurie of his conquered enemie twenty-nine thousand talents which valued an hundred and eight Millions of Crownes of the Crowne So choysely and deerely did Darius account ofhis pleasure in the night as he lodged in a Chamber betweene two great Hals hys bedde beeing spred foorth very sumptuously and couered with a Vine of Gold in manner of an Arbour enriched with Grapes hanging thereon which were most curious and costly precious stones The richnes of the very pillow of his bed was woorth fiftie thousande Talents which doe amount to thirtie Millions of Crownes When Alexander gained the battaile against him in Cilicia he was then but fiue twenty yeeres old and sent his Lieuetenant Parmeâ—o to the Citty of Damas where Darius had with-drawne a greâ— part of the afore-named Treasure there he found foure hundred and twenty-nine Ladies his Concubines well skild in Musique which hee brought with him into his Hoast for his delight and pastime with sixe and forty workmen that wrought vpoÌ„ flowers making curious Trammels and Chaplets for Ladyes most odoriferous two hundred three-score and seauenteene Cookes twenty Potters that made Pots other necessaries of earth for the daily vse of the Kitchine nine chiefe Maisters of the Paistrie three-score ten sluggerds of one sort and seauenteene of an other whose labour was to mixte the Aromatique wines to blende and temper the sweet delicious licquors and most arteficiall drinkes thorow bagges and such like fit for the purpose forty other work-men that made sweet odours sauours both dry and licquid If then the King of Persia had so much store of delights in warre when he was prepared to a fight so full of hazard danger what may we imagine he had at other times and in what aboundance of pleasures he lyued when he held hys assured quiet in Babilon a Citty exceeding in all superfluities and vices yet florishing abounding plentifully in wondrous wealth Herodotus in the third booke of hys Historie deuided the Realme of Persia into twenty Gouernements or Prouinces the principall was the Kingdom of Lydia wherof the rich Craesus was King that afterwarde was vanquished by Cyrus and brought into captiuitie Plinie speaking of the estate of the Persians in his tyme sayth that the Empire of the Persians which as then was translated to the Parthians contained eyghteene Kingdomes Herodotus in the Booke before named sheweth by iourneyes lodgings that from Sardis beeing in Lydia to Susa which was the chiefe seate and aboad of the Kings was full three Monthes iourney Quintus Curtius sayth that in two Citties of Persia to wit Susa Persepolis Alexander found an hundred three-score ten thousand Talents of siluer in one heape which himselfe tearmed a summe innumerable an hundred thousande Talents valued three-score Millions of Crownes The sayd Darius had one of the fayrest women in the world to hys Wife who was likewise taken with her two daughters ten thousand Talents he woulde haue giuen for to haue them againe and one halfe of hys Countrey which would not be graunted yet Alexander intreated them very honourablie and wythout any reproche Hee neuer afterward sawe his wife and daughters but once and in short while after himselfe was traiterously slaine by Bessus who had the principal charge vnder him The liberalitie of Alexander the great to his men of warre ALexander the great after his conquest and returne out of Asia beeing aduertised that hys Souldiours and men of warre were indebted by hys seruice caused their debts to be payde and bringing money into the midst of hys Campe according to the affirmation of each one how much he owed so much in ready pay was deliuered them the sum amouÌ„ted to sixe Millions of Crownes He was studious of great knowledge hauing euer-more vnder the pillowe of hys bed the poesie of Homer He wrote a Greeke Epistle to Aristotle which is reported by Plutarch
one time to the Temple of the Capitoll sixteene thousand poundes of gold with a great nūber of precious stones and pearles estimated woorth ten hundred and fiftie thousand Sesterriaes which sums amount to three Millions of gold And Budaeus sayth that Augustus imployed in the beautifying of the Cittie of Rome the Empire and things for publique profit beside building of Temples Theaters Pallaces and buildings of magnificent construction four-teene thousand times four-teene hundred thousand Sestertiaes which value thirtie fiue Millions of Crownes In his tyme a Burgesse of Rome named Lentulus Augurius was so high in his grace and fauour as Seneca sayth that he cōmaunded to be giuen him at one time four thousand times Sestertiaes which value ten Millions who seeing himselfe so forwarde in authority would often-times say to the Emperor in reproche as it were that in respect of his seruice he had left the pleasure delight of studying good Letters which hee prized esteemed more then al the pompe of inordinate riches This ingratitude was well punished afterward by Tyberius as writeth Suetonius Tarius Ruffus a man of base condition by good fortune and great industrie got in the seruice of Augustus a thousand times Sestertiaes which amount to two Millions and fiue hundred thousand Crownes Plinie sayth that Augustus to increase the good and honor of such as hee knewe to be well minded people sent them as Gouernours into hys Prouinces giuing them verie honest meanes whereby to make them great Eusebius in his Chronicles saith that after the tryumph at Actium Augustus made the goodly number before the Censors there were found foure Millions an hundred and sixtie thousand Cittizens of Rome And after the natiuitie of our Sauiour Iesus Christ hauing adopted Tyberius and they two beeing Censors the number vvas made when was sound nine Millions three hundred and seauentie thousand Cittizens within the Cittie and Subbarbes In thys time as Iuuenall witnesseth in his ninth Satyre this order was helde in Rome that when the children of the Cittizens were borne within three daies after one shoulde goe to the Temple of Saturne where the Treasure of the Consines was kept there in the Register Court before the Maisters and Keepers of the riches the infants name was enrolled Heereby they knew the age of euery one and what number of infants the Cittizens had nor was he to be reputed or thought a man vntill he came to the age of 17. yeeres The tryumph of Pompey PLutarch speaking of Pompeyes triumphe which was decreed for hym by reason of the victory he had against the two kings Tygranes and Mithridates the one king of Armenia the other of Pontus saith that by the goodly Wagons and Chariots wherein was drawne along thorowe the Cittie the treasure of his spoyles as also the semblances and portratures of the Kings Countries conquered appeared publiquely to euery one of what Nations subiected thys tryumph was ordained In euery Chariot were titles written of great faire Letters whereby they were signified and manifested The Nations ouer whom he tryumphed were these that folow the kingdomes of Pontus and Armenia the Coūtry of Paphlagonia of Cholchos Spayne Albania Syria Cilicia Mesopotamia Phaenicia Palestine Iudea Arabia yet not cōprising his victories on the Sea where he preuailed often and very farre of Hee adioyned to the Romaine Empire a thousand strong places about nine hundred Citties and tooke eyght hundred ships from Pyrats Plinie in the thirty-seauenth booke of hys naturall hystorie reciteth the order magnificence of thys Tryumph which hee saith is reported in the Registers of the Capitall To wit on the day of his natiuitie was hys tryumph when ryding thorowe the Citty hee brought to the publique Treasurie a Checker or table-boorde to play on made of two precious stones beeing foure soote long and three soote broad was neuer found like stones of such greatnesse He had in the order of his tryumphe in one Chariot a goodly booke of mighty and huge volume he had three beddes of golde seruing to make banquets on each one lying after the auncient fashion vessel of gold and precious stones to serue nine cupboordes three statues of Gold of Mars Pallas and Iuno After followed a Mountaine of Golde foure square whereon was Harts Lyons and fruites of all sorts garnished and enuironed round with a Vine of Gold a Chappell in the midst dedicated to the Muses which was made all of Peavles and on the toppe thereof was a very sumptuous Horologe In another Chariot was an Image of Pompey which likewise was made of pearls Plutarch sayth that thys tryumph was deuided into two dayes and yet the tyme would not suffise to make declaration of euerie part thereof Pompey brought to the Treasure in gold siluer and vessell all which came by hys spoyles twentie thousande Talents which value twelue Millions beside that which he gaue to his men of warre of whom he that had least had a thousande and fiue hundred Drachmes Attique which value an hundred and fiftie Crownes The Romaine subsidies after the tryumph of Pompey valued four-score and fiue Millions of Drachmes which make eyght Millions fiue hundred thousand crownes Pompey in the Playes which he made for the people after his seconde Consulship amongst other strange thinges brought into the place called the great circle by the Latines Circus maximus sixe hundred Lyons whereof he had three hundred and fifteene all the Iubilie Therefore not without cause said Cicero in hys Officiis that these were the most magnificent playes that euer were before him And when hee brought these beastes to be seene it was to make them kil one another or to make them fight against men that were condemned to thys punishment Sylla was the first that shewed thys manner of fight to the people beeing of an hundred together yet Pompey brought into the Theater beside these Lyons foure hundred and ten Panthers at one tyme. Augustus shewed four hundred twentie and Caesar foure hundred Lyons Afterwarde by the Emperours and Princes thys kinde of pastime was very much vsed and was called the chasing of wilde beasts for the peoples pleasure The charges that Ptolome was at for the ayde of Pompey BUdaeus writeth that one named Ptolome succoured Pompey in the conquest of Iudea who at his owne proper cost gaue pay to eyght thousande Horsemen and made a feast whereat was present a thousand men sette at the Table euery one hauing his Cuppe of gold and each one changed at euery messe that was serued a Cup of gold of a new and contrary fashion This riches commeth some-what neere to that of Pytheus of Bithinia who gaue to King Darius of Persia a Plane tree of gold with the Vine of golde whereof is stil reserued such fame and memory Afterward he receiued Xerxes sonne to Darius into hys houses with his Armie of Souldiours consisting of eyght hundred thousand men whē he discended into Greece Herodotus in his seauenth booke saith
stand in greatest neede of your ayde and succour Let it then be your pleasure to take from me this charge and commaunde your Officers to make seasure on all and deliuer it into your hande to whom it appertaineth otherwise I shall fall downe vnder this burthenous and oppressing loade For I see the time is come when I ought recall to me my sences the neerest parts of my vnderstanding is not to be troubled with anie contrary thoughts These wordes spake Seneca onely to escape death yet Nero caused him be put to death as of long time hee had practised and sought the occasion to doe it Pallas a seruaunt to Nero in little while after he was at liberty knew himselfe to be worth three thousande times Sestertiaes as saith Cornelius Tacitus which value seauen Millions fiue hundred thousand crownes Suetonius speaking of the great prodigalitie of Nero sayth that the King Tyridates of Armenia came to see him in the Cittie of Rome to whom Nero gaue ordinarilie daie by daie for maintenaunce of his estate eyght hundred thousand Sestertiaes which amount to twenty thousand Crownes of the Crowne and gaue him at his departure thence two Millions fiue hundred thousand Crownes Cornelius Tacitus in the seauenteenth Booke of his Histories saith that during the fourteene yeeres while Nero was Emperour hee spent in vnreasonable gyfts and liberalities two and twentie thousand times Sestertiaes which amount to fiue and fiftie Millions of Crownes Galba the Emperour that succeeded him would haue made recall from such to whom Nero so prodigally had giuen the goods of the Empire and so haue left theÌ„ the teâ—thes but he found that they had spent all and followed their Maister in 〈◊〉 The prodigalitie of Tyberius SUetonius reciteth that Tyberius the successour of Augustus guyded by violent auarice and tyrannie gathered in twenty three yeeres while hee was in the Empyre seauen and twentie thousand times Sestertiaes which summe was asterward spent in one yeere by Calligula his next succeeder The aforesaid summe amounteth to three-score seauen Millions fiue hundred thousand Crownes of the Crowne Seneca in his Booke of Consolation speaking of the Emperor Calligula of his prodigalitie sayth that at one feast or banquet hee caused to be spent and hundred tymes Sestertiaes which value two hundred and fiftie thousand Crownes of the Crowne Of a Ladie called Lollia Paulina PLinie in the ninth Booke of his naturall Historie saith that hee sawe in Rome at a meane banquet a Ladie named Lollia Paulina who somtimes was wife to the Emperour Calligula that had her head her necke her breast and her hands couered with Pearles and Emeraldes knit and curiouslie laced together The least value heereof was iudged woorth foure hundred times Sestertiaes which is a Million of Crownes of the Crowne Of the houses that Calligula and Nero caused to be built about the Cittie of Rome PLinie in his sixe thirty booke saith We haue seene the Cittie of Rome to be enuironed and as it were walled about wyth houses by the two Emperours Calligula and Nero. But albeit theyr houses were full of cost great expence yet the Theater of Scaurus a Romaine Cittizen surmounted the excesse of theyr prodigalitie and yet it was made but for one Moneth onelie no longer then the tyme as the Playes endured This peece of workmanship defaced the magnificence and memorie not onely of the afore-named houses but beside it was found to be more sumptuous as also of farre greater statelines pompe cost then any building whereof memory is left The Scene of the Theater consifted of three Stages whereon were three hundred and three-score Marble pyllers of Africa They that were vnder-neath were also of one peece beeing eyght and thirty foote in height the Scence was crosse-parted with Marble and the Stage in the middest all of Glasse neuer was any thing so much talked of and wondred at The plaine place where the people were appointed was able to containe foure-score thousand persons three thousande Images of Copper did beautifie and adorne the place for Playes For the rest such was the wonderfull riches of apparell Tapistries of Gold Tables and auncient renowmed Pictures as the true report thereof would seeme incredible Suetonius and Plinie speaking of the golden house of Nero which commonlie was called the house of Golde saith that there were within the Galleries three Stages beeing each of them a thousand paces long Also there was a Ponde so great as it seemed to be a Sea enuironed with buildings resembling in euery poynt a goodly Cittie Of the Treasure foundâ— in Tolosa IN the Cittie of Tolosa as Strabo sayth was founde fifteene thousande Talents in golde and siluer beside the vessels which amount to nine Millions of Crownes So likewise reciteth Posidonius and there were founde the hallowed Nets wherewith neuer anie man fished to preuent that the rich Pyllers should not be discouered The Romaines sold the fish of these Nets after they had subiected the Countrey notwithstanding they were dedicated to the Gods the Merchants by this occasioÌ„ found the Gold which therein had beene cast in a mighty masse or heape Cicero in his third Booke of the nature of the Gods sayth that it was decreed by the Senate that punishment should be inflicted on such as had taken away the treasure from the Tolosians Iustin in his two and thirty Booke sayth that it was Cepio a Consul of Rome who had committed this sacriledge and that all they of his companie which shared or had portion in thys Gold dyed very miserably Hee sayth more-ouer that among thys Treasure was found beside an hundred and ten thousand pounds of Gold and fifteene hundred thousand pounds of siluer which is as it were a treble summe to that before named Aulus Gellius in the third booke of hys Uigillia Attica sayth that when any one fell into some notorious or detestable mis-fortune or dyed an euill death they would presently say vnto him Hee tooke parte of the bootie in Tolosa Of the condemnation of Gabinius CIcero sayth in one of his Orations that Gabinius a Cittizen of Rome was condemned in tenne thousande Talents to the Common-wealth which doe amount to the summe of sixe Millions of Crownes Of the Emperour Adrian ADrian the Emperour gaue to to his Legionaries three thousand tymes Sestertiaes which are seauen Millions and fiue hundred thousande Crownes Budaeus sayth that in the life of Adrian is made mention howe hee gaue vnto them tenne Millions of Golde The reuenue of Crassus CRassus a Cittizen of Rome had as his reuenue yeere by yere according to the description of Plinie two hundred and fiftie thousand Crownes The reuenue of the Kingdome of Egipt STrabo a Greeke Authour in the seauenteenth booke of his Cosmographie and discription of the worlde declareth that the reuenue of the Kingdome of Egipt which afterwarde was brought into a Prouince by Augustus valued in the tyme of Ptolome sirnamed the Fluter twelue thousande and fiue
seeme incredible yet the number and conformitie of Histories doe plainely iustifie them The Romaines for these great exployts of Armes graunted them yet other honours preheminences as the power of publique iudgement seating them in the yuorie Chaire called Curialis which was the seat of the Ediles and Pretors as it was permitted to Scipio oftentimes they yeelded to souldiours the greatest authorities according as it was lawfull for the people to doe it beeing a degree of estate subiect to the liberty of the Fathers conscript and of the people It was lawful for the Captaines to erect tryumphal statues and to clothe or deck them as if they had beene Consuls The Senate permitted by manner of reward and congratulation that they might bring to the Temples the Armes spoiles of the enemies vanquished by them in Battaile and these things were named Manubiae that is to say the booties gotten from the enemies The Romaines had another laudable custome which was to giue to the chyldren of such as had been slaine in warre like wages as they gaue their Fathers when they liued and to the old Souldiours which had long time followed seruice they would giue so much good and substantiall lande as they might very wel liue thereon suffering them to dwell in Citties and Prouinces that had beene conquered euen as themselues pleased to like or chuse In this sort the Citty of Ciuill was made by Caesar a Romaine Colonie from which tearme we may easily deriue our french saying of a newe habitation or transmigration of people Cordo◠was also made a Colonie by this meane and infinite other in dyuers Prouinces In breese the Romaines neuer left any good turne vnrewarded and without great priuiledge for which cause was founde amongst them the most valiant men that euer haue beene in any Nation because each one stroue to attaine these degrees onelie by vertue I leaue many other sorts of rewards which the Romaines vsed in case of Armes in that I imagine I haue spoken sufficiently notwithstanding it is a thing certaine that if they haue gone beyond all other Nations in reknowledging remunerating such good actions it cannot likewise be denyed but in learning punishment of disorders they haue doone much more For if any one were not acquainted with honour and vertue yet shame and feare of punishment with-helde him from doing any vile deede were it thorow necessity or in hope of gaine because the paines were so great rigorous against such as did badly For if they lost any honour wherto they had been called or that they had been whipped euen to the blood they were thrust into yrons as they had beene slaues and if they had fled leauing their Captaines in the battaile they were eyther thrust vpon a spyt or otherwise extreamely handled and so according to theyr offence was the punishment inflicted Titus Liuius writeth that a Squadron of Appius Claudius to whom hee had in charge the keeping of a certaine place forsooke it and lost it which he being desirous to punish yet notwithstanding mercifullie it was graunted him to sunder them in tenne to a company afterward Lots were cast and they to whom the chaunce happened were punished with death for safetie of the other Iulius Frontinus sayth that Marcus Antonius dyd the like to a Band of hys which had not defended his Rampiers but suffered the enemies to set them on fire They vsed sundrie other punishments to to their disobedient Souldiours whereof would aske a long tyme to speak wherfore onely I say that as in those times there was no default in honoring rewarding goodnesse so likewise was there no defect in punishing wickednesse Of the seauen Wonders or Meruailes of the World SVch as haue read the auncient Historians Oratours and Poets haue founde mention made in sundrie of their writings of seauē Meruailes or Wonders of the World which were in diuers and contrary places All they that haue written doe agree on sixe but about the seauenth they hold variable opinions and likewise there is difference in placing one before another Notwithstanding I intende first to speake of the walles of Babilon which are placed in number of these Meruailes and that for good cause because the greatnesse of the place and compasse of ground dooth seeme incredible Let vs leaue to speake of the diuersitie of tongues which was there where Nemrod builded the Tower of Babell whereby the Citty first tooke name The walles we now speake of according to the most soundest opinion as of Trogus Pompeus and Iustin in the first Booke of his abridged Hystories was founded by the famous Queene Semiramis Mother to Ninus Diodorus Scicilianus in his third booke Amianus Marcellus in his 23. booke Paulus Orosius in his second booke maintaineth the same with the greatest part of the Authours among the Gentiles yet notwithstanding S. Austine in his first booke of the Cittie of GOD and Iosephus in the sixt booke of his Antiquities say that they were builded by Nemrod being ay ded by his proude and mighty Giants but were it the foundation or reparation which Semiramis did it suffiseth that she was greatly ennobled thereby The plot of this Citty was a plaine on the one side the other passed by the Riuer of Euphrates the draught or figure of thys Cittie was in a Quadrangle the wals maruailous high and wrought with very cunning workmanship the thing it selfe was of stone ioyned with white lyme and Morter which grew in the Quarries of the Country especially in the great Lake of Iudea where sometime stoode Sodome and Gomorha named Asphaltida or Mare mortuum which casteth forth earth like Pitch or Glewe the very strongest that can be found The Historians doe disagree about the height and largenes of the compasse of the wals which might easilie happen by reason of the diuers measures they made Plinie sayth the circuite of the walles was three-score thousand paces so that one of the squares was fifteene miles-long hee saith likewise that they were two hundred foote in height one of which feete exceedeth by three singers the measure of the Romaine foote in thicknesse they were fifty foote of the same measure which in trueth is a thing very admirable Diodorus the Scicilian sayth in his thyrd booke that the walles of this Citty had in compasse three hundred and three-score Stades euerie Stade containing in length sixe-score fiue paces and that they were so broade or large as sixe Chariots might passe thereon along together without the one hindring the other The bridges rocks Towers and Gardens Semiramis caused to be made were to very wonderfull astonishment and it is found written that shee had in daily pay to this worke three hundred thousande men of all the Kingdomes that were subiect to her Quintus Curtius adioyneth heereto eight Stades more in length and an hundred cubits more in height but Paulus Orosius faith in his seconde booke that they were foure-hundred and foure-score Stades long which amount
to their successours for they had rather thus spend it among their people then any of their heyres should be aduantaged by their death inheriting theyr goods and money It is found also written that these Piramides serued for Sepulchers to the Kings and who so will consider the multitude of the Hebrew people that serued in Egypt by whom the Kings caused to be builded Citties and Fortresses they will not bee abashed heereat seeing it is a thing verie certaine that sixe hundred thousand men beside great multitude of women and young children endured the seruitude all which were imployed and serued in these meruaylous workes So then it is no matter of meruaile howe these buildings should be made for it is said that in Turnops Garlike and Scallions to maintaine this number of workmen were spent eighteene hundred Talents which valued the price of each daies worke a Million and four-score thousand Crownes Diodorus sayth that all the cōpasse therof and very farre about there was not so much as one little stone nor apparance that any person had beene there nor signe of any foundation but the Grauell verie small and fine as any salte so that it seemed this Piramides was there set by the hand of God and that it was naturally created the top therof resembling as if it touched heauen If wee set aside the old auncient Bookes yet shall we find witnesses in our owne later tymes for Peter Martyr of Millaine a man learned that was Ambassadour for the Princes Catholique Don Ferdinand and Dame Isabell to the Soldane of Egipt in the yeere one thousande fiue hundred and one made a booke of what he had seene done in his Embassade therein he reciteth as if it were by word of mouth that he sawe these Piramides and agreeth with what the auncient Authours haue written And particulerly he speakes of two which hee had seene that were of incredible height he sayth hee measured the squares of one and found each to be three hundred and fifteene paces and about thirteene hundred in compasse that on euery side there were such huge great stones as each one seemed a building of it selfe He sayth moreouer that certaine of hys company got vp on one of them by great labour and though in long tyme they reached the top saying that on the verie highest of all was one onelie stone so great and broade as thirty men might easily stand vppon it And when they were belowe they said they supposed themselues to haue been in a Clowde they were so high and they seemed to haue lost the light their braynes wheeling about and turning downe-warde Whereby he saith that the number of people is not to be doubted nor yet the expence which is saide to be consumed about these things The fourth wonder of the world THE fourth Miracle was that of Mausolus made by Artemisia wife to the said Mausolus king of Caria a Prouince of Asia the great This Queene according to Aulus Gellius in the tenth booke of his Ati Nox and diuers other Historians so deerely loued her husbande as euerie one sette her downe for a notable example both of loue chastitie The King dying for hys death she vsed teares and extreame complaints other then the custome of womē now is she would make him a Sepulcher conformable to the great loue she bare him such a one it was as it is placed among the seauen Wonders of the world The stone of all this building was of an excellent Marble which had the compasse and circuit of four hundred eleuen foote and twentie fiue cubits in height it had about it sixe and twentie pillers of stone cut with wonderfull cunning It was open on all sides hauing Arches of seauenty-three foote wide and it was made by the handes of the most exquisite work-men that coulde bee found The part toward the East was made and grauen by Scopas the North-side by Briax the South part by Timotheus and the West by Leochares The perfection of this worke was such and the building so faire and sumptuous as is was called Mausolus after the King for whom it was made so that all other Sepulchres that vntil this day haue been builded for the excellent workmanship of this one are likewise called Mausolaea Heerof made mention Plinie in his thirty-fiue booke and fifth Chapter Pomponius Mela in his first booke Herodotus and Strabo in his seauenth booke Aulus Gellius likewise heerof keepes memorie and many other Historians beside It is recorded that Artemisia after the death of her husbande liued continually in teares and pensiuenes and that she dyed before her work was finished hauing drunken in powder the bones of her husbande which shee caused to be burned for this purpose and so made him a Sepulchre of her owne body The fift Wonder of the World LIttle contention needeth about the fift of these Meruailes for that was the Temple of Diana whom the Gentiles thorow follie adored for a Goddesse and builded this Temple in the Citty of Ephesus in Asia in the Prouince of Ionia Plinie in his sixteene booke and thirtie foure Chapter writing of this Temple saith that it contained foure hundred and twentie fiue foote in length and two hundred and twentie in breadth The worke was of such meruailous cunning as it was two hundred and twentie yeeres in perfecting and it was builded in a Lake to preuent the danger of the earth-quaking on the foundation beeing layde harde powder of coales and there-vpon wooll to keepe the place moyst and marshie It had an hundred and twentie seauen Colloms of excellent Marble they beeing each one three-score and tenne foote in height and euery Collome was caused to be made by a seuerall King of Asia thirtie seauen of them was grauen with meruailous cunning skyll they all beeing of most choise Marble The principall Maister of this worke according to Pinie was Dresiphon and after Strabo in his four-teene booke Archiphron notwith-standing this diuersitie of opinion is to be borne withall considering how long time was required about it and therefore it had more then one Maister especially for the trymming by diuers in sundry times Solinus in hys fourteene Chapter and Pomponius Mela in his first booke say that the Amazones builded and dedicated thys Temple Moreouer Solinus saith that when the puissant King Xerxes went to the conquest of Greece and that hee burned all the Temples yet he reserued this onely All Historians doe agree that the Pyllers of this Temple helde vp the plauncher of wood so arteficially wrought as was possible to be doone and that it was couered with Cedar according to Plinie in his sixt booke and 49. chapter the Gates seelings beeing of Cipres Afterward a villaine seeing this sumptuous and admirable building he was desirous to burne it and so hee did when beeing taken for thys offence he confessed he dyd it for no other intent but to leaue a renowne of hymselfe to the world But Ualerius the great and