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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11334	Opiologia: or, A treatise concerning the nature, properties, true preparation and safe vse and administration of opium For the comfort and ease of all such persons as are inwardly afflicted with any extreame griefe, or languishing paine, especially such as depriue the body of all naturall rest, and can be cured by no other meanes or medicine whatsoeuer. Dedicated to the illustrious, high and mighty lords, the estates generall of the vnited prouinces in the Netherlands. By Angelus Sala Vincentinus Venitus. And done into English, and something inlarged by Tho. Bretnor. M. M.	Sala, Angelus, 1576-1637.; Bretnor, Thomas, fl. 1607-1618, tr., ed.	1618 (1618)	STC 21594; ESTC S101645	41,817	118

But the contrary hath often fallen out and still doth for want of such a Medicine in whose stead there can be found no parrallel as experience doth plainely declare which ought to moue and stirre vp euery Physition which neither knowes how to procure nor vse the same to acquit himselfe so much the more carefully of his charge before God and his neighbour for there is no reason particular opinion nor any disputation ought to preuaile against charitie by meanes whereof the whole vniuerse doth stand and continue and whereupon all good Arts and Sciences are founded so that wee halt in our dutie when we neglect to search out and procure such things as are wholesome good and comfortable to sicke people albeit they were inuented and found out by Pagans or Christians ancient or moderne Gallen or Paracelsus or any other Author whose opiniō we hold for Oracles we cānot render ourselues excusable before God the very searcher of the heart and thoughts for experience being the great fundamentall booke of Physitions which is daily read vnto vs by the light of nature we should continually indeuour our selues not only to vnderstand but obserue also her mo●ions and directions considering that as Paracelsus saith all the meanes and remedies which naturally cure sicknesses are thetrue Canons and rules of Physick which I would ●aue to be construed with all conuenient exception attributing vnto reason that which ●s agreeable and vnto Authors the honour ●ue vnto them Certaine Cautions and aduertisements for the better and more safe vse of Laudanum WE may all vnderstand that there is nothing in the world be it neuer so good it for medicine wherein good iudgement ●nd discretion for its safe exhibition is not to ●e required which indeed is the chiefest rea●on that mooueth mee to giue further Cau●on and aduertisement concerning the vse 〈◊〉 Laudanum 1 First although in the former passages i● hath bin decreed that ●his Medicine should be vsed with di●ers Vehicles in euery disease yet there may happen some particular occurrence that in one or other the distilled waters and Syrrups aforesaid may not bee conueniently taken as well in r●spect of their qualities smels and tast as other particular p●op●rties antipathizing the sicke Patient whereof wee haue seene diuers examples as some that cannot indure the smell or tast of roses others of Quinces some louing sweet things others not able to indure them to some distilled waters are pleasant to others they cause vomit and other accidents so that the Physition ought to looke vnto all these things and because such occasions may often fall out it is best to administer Laudanum in Wine Beere Chicken-broath or some other Vehicle agreeable as well to the Patients nature as his disease whereunto great regard must be had 2 You must not giue Laudanum twice in one day vnlesse in great extremitie of paines for once will suffice nor you ought not to exceed ordinarily the weight of three or foure grains at a time yet vnto a person of strong constitution a man may giue from foure to ●ix I● is best administred at night two houres afte● supper as aforesaid vnlesse great occasion fall out otherwise for then any time of the day must serue according to the old saying necess●●ie hath no law 3 You must also haue great regard that the body bee free from superfluous excrements which must be procured with some conuenient Laxatiue Medicine molli●●ing Clifter or Suppositorie but in leane and megre bodies and such as feed very little and such as are slender full of heate and destitute of necessary humiditie and radica●l moysture hauing withall their veines full of blood with such you must deale very warily for they haue more need then a man would thinke to haue their heate cooled and humected rather then by purging the body where no excrements are to dry the same more and more for by diminishing the humours heat must needs increase and so will the bodie pine and consume away to nothing 4 To Asthmaticall people whose Brests Lungs and other Organes are stuffed with Viscous and clammy flegme you must take heed of giuing any Laudanum for in such cases you must vse Medicines to dissolue and clense away the said matter which Laudanum cannot do being a medicine of a corroborating and indifferent thickning nature 5 Laudanum is not good or conuenient for Hydropical persons which for the abundance of water conteined in them haue much adoe to breath and dare not sleepe in their beds for feare of suffocation yet after the watrie matter is euacuated the Liuer and other parts vnstopped with conuenient medicines and deliuer●d from the foresaid Symptomes then a man may be bold to giue them Laudanum to Roborate the bowels defend the body from subtill Des●uxions and finish the whole cure 6 Finally Laudaunum is not conuenient for them whose stomack is full of grosse humours which should bee euacuated with vomitory or Cathariticke medicines nor for those which haue the Small-pocks which Symptomes should bee taken away with appropriat remedies In briefe no man ought to vndertake the cure of any disease with Laudanum which hath need of mitigation or helpe either by Vomitories Cathartickes Diaphoretickes Diuretickes Alexitaries Vulneraries Phlebotomie Diet or any other appropriat remedie And contrariwise it is idle to goe about to cure any disease with an other medicine which of necessity must be cured with Laudanum for euerie medicinall rule and euerie Section of medicines haue vnder them their proper maladies for whose cure they are especially appropriated yet notwithstanding wee are constrained many times vpon occasion to mixe one thing with another not only in regard that two or three diseases do often iump together in one body but also for the varietie of Symptomes and effects that one only diseases may sometimes produce so that one while one Medicine another while another may be found to be most conuenient and agreeable And this is the reason why I propose not Laudanum for a vniuersall Medicine CHAP. X. Confuting three erronious obiections which may be proposed against the vse of Laudanum SOme 8. yeares since ●being in consultatiō with certain Physitions about a man which was troubled with a fluxe of the belly a month together at that time together with the same had a continuall Feuer was depriued of naturall rest and mightily tormented with belly-ach so that notwithstanding the vse of a great number of medicines yet he was become exceeding weake and feeble vpon which occasion when it came to my turne to s●eake I proposed Laudanum for an excellent medicine in that case but they vtterly disl●king the same came vpon me with these three obiections following which notwithstanding were not able to renverse or ouerthrow my opinion To preuent therefore a mischiefe which may happen to some sicke persons for want of Laudanum being denied the vse thereof vpon so slight reasons I thought good for conclusion of this Treatise to set downe their obiections and my refutation

causeth all paines to cease of what nature or qualitie soeuer as aforesaid Secondly putting the case that Opium were the coldest thing in the world yet that small Dose which we commonly vse to giue at a time cannot exceed the great frigiditie of those things afore-named in their larger Doses Were it not a great absurditie to beleeue that one graine or two of Opium were colder then a dragme of Allome prepared or crude or one scruple of the Magisterie of Lead or an ounce of the water of the Sperm● of frogges or two ounces of the water of Nymphaa or as an ounce or two of Quick-siluer which some haue vsed to giue against the wormes and other maladies all which passe through the bodie as cold as any ice and manifestly coole the mouth and other conduits where they passe which one small Dose of Opium cannot doe but rather contrarily heateth both mouth and stomacke whence you may gather that these reasons and the like are meere palliatiue and stuperficiall arguments and fine gloses to entertaine long chat rather then to proue any coldnesse in Opium Now touching the Symptomes which Opium causeth being inordinately taken Experience her selfe teacheth vs that Aqua-vitae which is of a hot and subtill essence being too abundantly ingurged causeth semblable effects for many being drunke with Aqua-vitae haue dyed seased as it were with Stupiditie priuation of sense Trembling Lethargie and indeed ended their liues in such manner as if they had swallowed to much Opium and became benummed and stiffe as if they had died in the very yee and snow Wine it selfe also causeth diuers Symptomes of Opium in them which abuse it as wee may plainely see by the lamentable examples vsed in diuers parts of the Papacie where they commonly make those people drunke which are condemned to any violent death of whom some goe singing and some rayling thereunto and others as dull and senselesse as bruit beasts none of them hauing any vnderstanding or memorie of their iminent slaughter and which is worse haue no true feeling of their sinnes nor solide iudgement or discretion to recommend themselues to the mercie of their Creator Wine as all Authors affirme and Experience her selfe declareth being abused doth cause in processe of time Phrensie Madnesse Rage Furie Stupiditie Lethargie Palsi● and other dangerous diseases euen as Opium doth and is notwithstanding an hot liquor as all the world knoweth Wee may then conclude that Opium maketh not the Turkes fierce and couragious in warre nor maketh the diseased to sleepe nor appeaseth all inward griefes of the bodie because of its cold qualitie or by reason of its heate although it manifestly appeare to be hot but in regard of his operations which doubtlesse proceedeth from a specificall and hidden proprietie wherewith it is indowed euen as wee see in deiectorie Physicke which purgeth neither by reason of any heate or coldnesse therein but rather by a certaine specificall qualitie as is sayd Now as purgatiue Medicines rightly vsed doe not onely euacuate Natures excrements and bring the bodie to an excellent temprature but being abused doe mightily offend and bring dissolution to the same euen so Opium well administred endoweth the bodie with singular benefits but abused and vntemperatly giuen worketh the contrary whence it followeth that in the vsage of either of them it behoueth the Physiti●n to be ruled by reason and experience walking in a good conscience and practising his Art in the best manner to Gods glorie and his Patients comfort CHAP. IIII. Wherein is shewed the Counsell and aduise of Theophrastus Paracelsus concerning Medicines Narcoticall or Anodynes and in particular that of Opium HAuing generally declared the opinion of ancient Physitions concerning the nature vertue and vse of Opium and the controuersies which are among moderne Physitions touching the qualitie thereof it is not amisse to see now what Theophrastus Paracelsus that great searcher and diuer into nature saith in this behalfe This Author hath generally the vsage of Anodyne Medicines in such high esteeme and reuerence that hee recommendeth them vnto his disciples as a principall pillor of the whole bodie of Physicke assuring them that they are the most important remedies of all others to cure the bodies of men of the most grieuous diseases they are subiect vnto In the seuenteenth booke of his Archidoxes and Chap. De Specifice anodyno hee saith thus that we should speake with great reuerence and regard of the Anodyne or Specificall appeasor we are moued by diuers reasons for in particular wee haue met with some diseases for cure whereof finding no helpe or reliese among our best secrets the Specificall Anody●● not without great admiration accomplished our desire and this fell not out casually o● without reason seeing it is the nature of Anodynes to extinguish diseases euen ●● water quencheth fire And in his first booke of Naturall things and Chapter D● Sulphure F●brionato speaking generally in praise of those things which naturally prouoke sleepe and are Anodynes hee saith what greater secret would a Physition desire to possesse then that which can cause all paines to cease and extinguish all internall heate hauing this doth not his skill passe that of Appollo Machaon or Podalyrius Let a man consider a little this sentence and marke with good iudgement the subiect thereof and hee shall finde no iesting matter of it In his Commentarie vpon the second Aphorisme of the second Section of Hippocrates vb● somnus delirium c. Paracelsus speaking in the end of that exposition concerning the benefit of wholesome sleepe saith that sleepe is such a great secret in Physicke that being spoken without disgrace of other things ●ee would gladly haue any man tell him wh●re he can in all the world find such a reme●ie which can ma●ifest such sodaine and ●ctiue ease and reliefe to the health of mans ●odie as it doth Hence you may perceiue why these Ano●ynes of what kind socuer ought to bee so well regarded esteemed and made accompt of among all Physitions for seeing sleepe ●s a Medicine farre surpassing all gemmes ●ewels in the world hee that knowes how to ●pply this Somniferous secret conueniently ●nd in good season ought to be held in great ●ccompt and estimation among diseased people That Theophrastus doth also commend the vsage of Opium among his Anodynes and Somniferous Medicines it may easily appeare in the forenamed Chapter De Specifico Anod wherein hee proposeth Opium onely without addition of other Somniferous things to make that composition which he calleth his Anodynum Specificum and attributeth vnto it this excellent proprietie saying that it causeth not the whole body of man to sleepe but the diseases onely In his booke De Morbis amentium where he writeth of those that be Mad Lunaticke Phrantick Epilepticke c. hee putteth the quintessence of Opium in the ranke before Aurum Potabile Argentum Potabile the Magisterie of Pearles and all other pretious Medicines which bee ordained for these maladies Here some enuious

siue fluxus sanguinis in quacunque corporis parte fuerint contra omnes defluxiones fluores ventris dysentericos Hepaticos lientericos similes ad adducendam grat●m tranquillitat●m in febribus ardentissimis in quibus ipsis rationis sensus laeditur in phrenesim aeger plerumque delabitur After this he describeth an other whereunto hee adioyneth Henbane and almost an hundred Bezoardick and cordiall things which whosoeuer is curious and desireth to know may finde them written in his sayd booke for I am vnwilling to set then downe in this place in regard they require a long and tedious kinde of preparation and this may serue insteed of all The third Laudanum is that of Oswaldus Crollius according to his description in his Basilica Chymica BEfore Crollius describeth his Laudanum he commendeth the vsage of all Anodynes generally in this manner Multi sunt morbi qui absque Anodynis sanari non possuns Ergo in omnium morborum curationibus vbi dolorum comites vigiliae viriumque resolutiones adfuerint Anodyna intrinseca appropriata possunt administrari vt ablatis symptomatum ipsis radieibus pernitiosorum cruciatibus amica quies naturae roddatur Afterwards setting downe the composition of his Laudanum which hee calleth Laudanum paracelsi he describeth it thus ℞ Opij Theb. ℥ iij. suc Hyoscyam deb tempore collect in ☉ prius inspissat ℥ j. ss Spec. Diamb. Diamosch fideliter dispensatorum ana ℥ ij ss mumiuae transmarinae select ℥ ss Salis Perlarum Corallorum ana ʒ iij. liquor succini albi per Alcohol vin● extract Oss. de Cord. Cervi ana ʒ j. lap Bezoad vnicorn animalis vel miner ana ʒ j. Mosch Ambr. ana ℈ j. In defectu auri potab nullis corrosiuis coniq●inati addantur oleorum anisi carvi aurant nuc myr caryoph cinamo succ ana gut 12. Fi. ex his S. A. chym massa seu extranctum ● quo ad necessarios vsus possint pillulae eff orman And proceeding forward he noteth certaine obseruations concerning the Antepreparation of Opium and Hyosciamus and other circumstances as also in particular the manner and way of their composition the Dose hereof according to the Author is from two graines to foure and touching its vertues shal be declared hereafter The fourth Laudanum is the Authors Nepenthes Aurea ℞ Essens Opij per spir aceti cardiaci extract ʒ iiij tincturae croci more Quercetani extract ʒ ij Lap. Bexoard Regij seu auri puriss mor● Spagirorum purpurizat in veram medicina● cardiacam redact ℈ ij resinae lig Aloes Ambr. gris opt ana ℈ j. Let these things be well incorporated together in a small glasse vessell and afterward keepe the composition very close But because all these Medicines are both very costly and curious to compound and perhaps of no greater efficacie then some others which I make and participate to my friends I haue made bould for the good of my country to set downe two the one whereof was communicated to mee at a second hand from the learned and eminent Physition Io. Hartmannus of Marpurge in Germanie and the other by the no lesse worthy and my much respected friend Maister D r. Bonham of London which are as followeth Laudanum siue philonium nostrum ℞ Opij cum spir vini extract ℥ vj. cui adde seq tincturam vz. ℞ croci ℥ j. cinamo nuc myrist garyoph mac torment zedoar bistort ●na ʒ ij ss galang angel zz ana ʒ ij florum cord ●n● ● i. pulver omnia s●bt cum aq Cinamomi q. s. F● extract m●sce cum supradict opio tunc adde Oss. de cord cervi corall alb rub praepar succin a●b coru vnicor lap Bezo●r lig aloes solut ●erlarum ana ℈ ij santal alb cit ana ℈ j. fol auri pul ℈ ss ter lem verae gr Xiiij. amb gris gr X. mosch gr viij omnia opt pulver sub●il●ss cribrat in fi●e adde ol anisi gut Xij. ol nuc myrist gut viij ol cinamo gut vj. Dosis a. gr iij. ad v. cum corn vnicor lap Bezoar ana gra ij cons. ros rub ℈ j. cum itur cubitum Laudanum p●aestantisse D. Bohami ℞ Opij Theb. laminatum conscissi poste● exiccati ℥ i ss gum hyosc. ℥ iij. sem hyosc. alb ℥ j. mummiae ℈ j. garioph Cinamo ā ℥ ij rad leuistic cal arom gallan ʒʒ ana ℥ j. castor pip nig carpesiorum croci sinceri ana ℥ ss labdan belzoin ana ʒ ij pul pul ponantur omnia in vitro angusti orificij cun● spir vini opt q.s. ita vt quatuor digitos superemineat ac bene claudatur ter quaterue in die agitando dum tincturam nigram obtineat deinde tinctura effundatur nou● spiritus addantur donec tota virtus sit educta tum in B.M. fiat euaeporatio S. A. dum ad extracti consistentiam peruenerit fiatque Laudanum approbatum tutissium Vsus huius est In saeuis dolorum implacabilium paroxysmis vt pote colicis podagricis arthriticis pleuriticis stomachicis Nephriticis Item in vigilijs destuxionibus haemorrhagijs dysenterijs in expugnabilibus praesertim in vomitu pestilenti phrenitide summum arcanum Cautio Puellis tamen senibus quibus etiam vires vel magnitudine morbi v●l doloris saeuitia prostratae sunt non confert Quod si pulsus strenuns satis vehemens appareat siue periculo vti possis Extractio gum hyosc. ℞ cort rad hyosc. in mense Mart. vel septemb circa plenilunium collect exiccentur in vmbra postea purgentur contundantur opt in vase vitreo cum q. s. vini alb arctiss includantur tum in B. M. coq per horas 12. vel amplius rubicundam inuenes tincturam quam exprimes è rad fortiter dein omnem hunc liquorem per filtrum transactum euaporato super carbones viuos donec tinctura remanet instar mellus c. Aduertisments 1 My meaning is that Opium should bee first freed and quit from his sulphurous Malignity by meanes of its exsicration aforesayd and afterwards digested for the space of a moneth in distilled Vinegar wherein good stoare of white Saunders Balme Red-roses roses and Cinamon haue beene infused and lastly brought vnto the consistence of liquid Pitch or somewhat thicker 2 For Bezoar-Regall I meane fine Gold reduced into the forme of powder by the Phylosophers dissoluing balsame and so brought vnto such a true reall comfortable and Bezoardick Medicine that one graine thereof shall farre exceed six or eight graines of the best orientall Bezoar which if need be is very demonstrable 3 That the Saffron being pure and neate be infused after Quercetans-maner in Limon-water and so the tincture drawne let the water bee euapored with an easie and gentle fire lest the more excellent and subtill spirit of the Saffron flie away 4 To conclude I put no Magistery or tincture of Pearle Pretious-stones Corall nor of any other Cordiall things