King of Epirus to undertake the war and had overcome him to it if the Father had not prevented his Son-in-law by the collocation of his daughter to him With these provocations of jealousie and anger it is believed that both of them did incite Pausanias to the commission of so desperare an Act. Sure it is that Olympias had horses ready for Pausanias if it had been his fortune to have escaped and she her self the death of the King being understood when under the pretence of the duty she came in great haste that night to attend his Hearse she did impose on the very same night a Crown of Gold on the head of Pausanias then hanging on the Cross which none but she would have been so bold to have adventured the Son of Philip being alive Some few daies after she caused his body to be taken off from the Cross and burn'd and in the same place she did erect him a Monument and struck such a superstition into the people that she provided that for the honor of his memory here should be yeerly made a parentation to him After this she caused Cleopatra for whose sake she was divorced from Philip having first in her own lap killed her daughter to end her life by hanging and satisfied her revenge by beholding her in that lamentable posture swinging on the Tree Last of all she consecrated that sword with which the King was slain to Apollo under the name of Myrtalis for so Olympias was called when she was a little one All which was done so opnely that it may be seared least the fact committed by her were not approved by others Philip deceased about the seven and fourtieth yeer of his age after he had reigned five and twenty yeers He begat on Larissaea the Danceress Aridaeus who reigned after Alexander He had also many other Sons from divers other marriages it being the custom of Kings to take them into Marriage as many as they pleased but they all dyed some by natural deaths and some by the sword He was a King more studious of the preparations of Arms then Feasts his greatest riches were the utensils of war and yet he was more cunning to get riches then to perserve them which made them alwaies poor though he was alwaies plundering Mercy and Treachery were in him equally beloved No way whatsoever to overcome his Enemies did appear sordid to him In his discourse he was both pleasing and deceitful and one who would alwaies promise more then he would perform he was master of his Arts both in jeast and in earnest He observed his friendships not by faithfulness but by profit To dissemble love in hatred to plant sedition amongst friends and to insinuate himself both with friends and foes was his daily Custome Excellent he was in Eloquence and in the acuteness of a fine flourish in his words full of delicate composures that neither facility was wanting to the ornament nor the ornament of invention to the facility Alexander did succeed him greater then his Father both in vertues and in vices Their way was different in the Conquests they obtained The Son mannaged his wars by apparent valour the Father by deceits The Father joyned his Enemies being surprized the Son being openly overcome The Father more subtle in Counsel the Son more magnificent in minde The Father would commonly dissemble his passions and overcome them The Son inflam'd with rage knew neither how to delay not moderate his revenge Both of them were too greedy of wine but their vices in the excess were different It was the custome of the Father from the Banket to advance against the Enemy to encounter him and unadvisedly to expose himself unto all dangers Alexander was more furious against his own friends then against his Enemies wherefore the battels have oftentimes sent back Philip wounded and his Son hath often come from the Banquet the killer of his Friends This would not reign over his friends the other would usurp and grow upon them Tbe Father did choose rather to be beloved the Son to be feared The love to Learning was equal to them both The Father was more full of Policy the Son of Fidelity The Father more moderate in his speech the Son in his actions for he had alwayes a more ready and a more honest minde to be merciful to those whom he overcame The Father was addicted to thrift but the Son to excess By these Arts the Father layd the foundation for the Conquest of the World and the Son accomplished the glory of the work THE TENTH BOOK OF IVSTINE ARtaxerxes King of the Persians had fifteen Sons by a hundred Concubines but he had onely three begotten in lawful marriage Darius Ariarctos and Occhus Of these against the Lawes of the Persians amongst whom the Kingdom suffered no change but by death Artaxerxes being alive did out of his Fatherly indulgence make Darius King thinking that there was nothing taken from the Father which was conferr'd upon the Son and that he should take a sincerer joy in his paternal Interest if he alive did behold the Ensign of his Majesty in his Son But Darius after these unaccustom'd examples of indulgence took counsel to kill his Father He had been wicked enough if he onely had conceived the parricide in his minde but so much the more wicked that into the society of the villany he took his fifty brothers to be partakers of it Prodigious it was that in so great a number the parricide could not onely be contracted but concealed and that amongst fifty of his children there was not one found whom neither the Majesty of the King nor the reverence of an ancient man nor the indulgence of a Father could recal from so horrible an act What was the name of a Father so vile amongst so great a number of his Sons that he who should be safe even against his Enemies by their defence being circumvented by their Treason should now be safer amongst his Enemies then amongst his own children The cause of the Parricide was far more wicked then the Parricide it self for Cyrus being slain in the brothers war as mention above is made Artaxerxes the King took his Concubine Aspasia into marriage Darius did demand that his Father should give her unto him as he had delivered up his Kingdom who being too indulgent to his children did promise at first that he would do it and not long after repenting himsâ—lâ— and honestly denying what rashly he had promised he made her a Prioress in the Temple of the Sun whereby a perpetual abstinence from all men was religiously imposed on her The young man being much incensed at it did first quarrel with his Father and not long after having made a conspiracy with his brothers whiles he sought to betray his Father being discovered and apprehended with his Associates they expiated with their blood the designed Parricide and did punishment to the Gods the Revengers of paternal Majesty The Wives also
other side his enemies being round and he not contented only to defend his own Dominions desired to make War against the Aetolians and being full of the design Demetrius King of the Illyrians being lately overcome by Paul the Roman Consul did with an humble Petition address himself unto him complaining of the injury of the Romans who were not contented with the bounds of Italy but in an aspiring hope promising to themselves the Empire of all the World did make War upon all Nations Thus they affected the soveraignty of Sicily Sardinia and Spain and greedy after Africa made VVar with the Carthaginians and with Hannibal himself They also he said brought a war upon himself for no other cause but that he was a neighbour unto Italy as if it were a trespass for any King to Reign neer the bounds of their Empire but above all things he was to be an example of Admonition whose Kingdom by how much it was more noble and more neer unto them by so much the Romans would be his more eager Enemies He alledged that he would give a place to him in that Kingdom which the Romans had possessed it being more gracefull to him to see a friend and not an enemy to strive with him in the possession of the Soveraignty VVith this speech he enforced Philip to forbear the Aetolians and to make VVar upon the Romans conceiving the business of the VVar to be the less because he understood that they had been already beaten by Hannibal at the lake of Thrasimen Therefore at the same time that he might not be infested with mutual War he made peace with the Aetolians not that he desired to translate the War into another place but that he would take care for the safety of Greece which he affirmed was never in a greater danger For the Empires of the Carthaginians and of the Romans growing up to a great height in the West to whom the Kingdom of Macedonia was only a delay from being Masters of Greece and Asia they having tryed amongst themselves for the superiority the Conquerour would suddenly invade the East He said he beheld the cloud of that fierce and cruel War arising in Italy and the storms already thundring and lightning from the West which into whatsoever parts of the world the Tempest of the Victory should drive it would pollute all things with a crimson shower of blood Greece indeed he said had oftentimes indured vast motions of the Persians sometimes of the Gauls sometimes of the Macedons but all this would appear no more then a sport if that Army of the Romans which was now in Italy should pour it self into another Land He beheld what cruel and bloody Wars both the Nations of the Romans and Carthaginians amongst themselves did make being equal in the strength of their forces and in the conduct of their Generals which enmity could never be concluded with the destruction of one of the parties only without the ruine of their neighbours It was true indeed that the fierce minds of the Conquerours were less to be feared by the Macedonians then by the Grecians for they were more remote in their situation and more strong in their power to exercise their revenge howsoever he was confident moreover that those who now fought in Italy with so much might would not content themselves with that victory and they ought even in Macedonia to fear the approach of the Conquerors With this pretence the War being ended with the Aetolians Philip minding nothing more then the Wars against the Romans and Carthaginians did weigh with himself the strength of both Armies And the Romans themselves who were deeply engaged in the War with Hannibal were not free from the fear of the Macedons by reason of the ancient valour of the Macedons and the glory of the conquered East yong Philip being industrious prompt to the War withall inflamed with an emulation to tread in the victorious steps of Alexander did strike a new terrour into them Therefore Philip when he found that the Romans were overcome again by the Carthaginians in a second Battel professing himself to be an Enemy openly to the Romans he did begin to build ships to transport his Army into Italy He sent afterwards an Ambassador to Hannibal with Letters to enter into a League with him who being apprehended by the Romans and brought unto the Senate was dismissed without any prejudice not in honour to the King but that being yet but doubtfull they might not make him an undoubted Enemy When it was afterwards declared to the Romans that Philip would pass his forces into Italy they sent Levinus the Praetor with a Fleet well equipaged to hinder him in his passage who when he arrived in Greece he inforced the Aetolians with many promises to undertake a War against Philip. At the same time also Philip did sollicite the Aetolians to make War against the Romans In the mean time the Dardinians began to make spoil on the borders of Macedonia and having taken thence twenty thousand Captives they called back Philip from the Roman War to defend his own Kingdom Whiles these things were thus in action the Praetor Levinus having entred into a League with King Attalus did plunder Greece with which the Cities being dismayed they wearied Philip with their Embasseys desiring aid of him and the Kings of Illyria also with their daily supplications did importune him to perform his promise but aboveall the plundred Macedons desired revenge He being besieged with so great and so many difficulties did deliberate with himself what War he should first undertake and promised unto all that he suddenly would send ayd unto them not that he was able to perform what he promised but that having filled them with hope he might still keep them obliged in the Indentures of their association His first expedition was against the Dardanians who attending to make an advantage of his absence did threaten to fall upon Macedonia with a greater weight of War He made Peace also with the Romans being content that they had deferred the Macedonian War He had a design upon Philopemenes General of the Achaeans who as he had heard did privately sollicite the Romans and the tempers of their associates which being known and avoided he by his authority commanded the Achaeans to depart from his service THE Thirtyeth BOOK OF IVSTINE PHilip being intent on great atchivements in Macedonia the manners of Ptolomy in Aegypt were far different from him for the Kingdom being obtained with the Parricide both of Father and Mother and the slaughter of his Brother being added to the murder of his Parents as if he had done very bravely in it he afterwards delivered up himself to luxury and the whole Country followed the dissolute manners of the King Therefore not only his friends and Lieutenants but all the Army having left off the Arts of War were corrupted with the looseness of the Court and became unarmed by sloth and riot Which
Persian War from Delos unto Athens least it should be a prey to the Lacedemonians But the Lacedemonians were not contented with it for being engaged themselveâ— in the Messenian War they sent to the Pelopenâ—iensians to invade the Athenians whose Forces at that present were but small their Fleet being commanded into Aegypt therefore fighting at Sea they were easily overcome but by the return of their Associates being increased both in ships and men they renewed the War and now the Lacedemonians giving some respite to the Messenians did turn themselves and their arms against the Athenians the Victory was a long time doubtful at last they left off with equal loss and the Lacedemonians being called back to the war again of the Messenians least in the mean time they should leave the Athenians idle they bargain'd with the Thebans to restore unto them the Government of Boeotia which they lost in the times of their troubles with the Persians if they would undertake the War against the Athenians so great was the fury of the Spartans that being envolved in two Wars they refused not to undertake the third if they could get any to assist them who was an enemy to their Enemies Therefore the Athenians against so great tempest of the War did chuse two Captains Pericles a man of approved vertue and Sophocles the writer of Tragedies who having divided their Army did waste the Fields of the Lacedemonians and added many Cities of Achaia to their Government with which misfortunes the Lacedemonians being discoâ—raged did make peace with the Athenians for thirty yeers but their enmities could not endure so tedious a truce therefore in the space of less then fiâ—teen yeers they invaded the borders of Athens and plundred the Countrey in the despite of God and man and that they might not seem to desire a prey rather then an encounter they challenged the Athenians to battel but by the counsel of Periclâ—s the Athenians deferr'd the injury of the loss sustain'd to an apt time of revenge thinking it not good discretion to joyn in battel with the Enemies when without danger they could be revenged of them Certain daies being passed they went aboard their Ships and the Lacedemonians not thinking of it they plunder'd all Sparta and brought away far more then before they lost and in reference to this booty taken the revenge was above the anger This Expedition of Pericles was famous but much more famous was his contempt of his private Patrimony for the Enemies when they made havock of the rest did leave his Fields untouched hoping by that means to pluck upon him either danger by the envie or the infamy of treachery by suspition which Pericles foreseeing did both declare it unto the people and to decline the assault of envie did give away those Fields to the Commonwealth and so where his danger was most sought after he found his greatest safety Not long after there was another battel at Sea in which the Lacedemonians being overcome were put to flight neither did they cease afterward but by various fortune of the War either by Sea or by land they destroyed one another At the last being wearyed by so many calamities they made a peace for fifty yeers which they observed but six for the Articles which they signed in their own names they did break in the persons of their Associates as if they were guilty of less perjurie by bringing ayd to their Confederates then if they had proclaimed open War themselves The War was hence translated into Sicily which before I shall declare some few things are to be first spoken concerning the situation of the Iland THE FOVRTH BOOK OF IVSTINE IT is reported that Sicily by some narrow necks of Land was heretofore joyned to Italy and that it was torn from it as from the greater body by the impetuousness of the upper Sea which is carryed that way with all the weight of its Waves The Earth itself is light brittle and so full of holes flaws that it lies almost all open to the gusts of the winds and there is a natural vertue and faculty in it both for the begetting and the nourishing of fire for it is reported that within it is full of the veins of Pitch and Rozen which is the cause that the wind in the bowels of the Earth wrastling with the fire it often and in several places doth belch forth sometimes fire sometimes vapours and sometimes smoak and from hence through so many Ages the fire of Aetna doth continue and where the winds do work more strong through the spiraments of the Caves heaps of Sands are cast forth The Promontory next to Italy is called Rhegium which according to the Greek doth signifie abrupt Neither is it a wonder that the Antiquity of this place should bee so fabulous in which so many wonderful things do meet together First there is nowhere a more violent Sea and not only with a rapid but a cruel force and terrible not only to the Saylors but Spectators afar off so great also is the combate of the Waves tilting one against another that you may behold some of them as it were turning their backs to dive into the bottom of the Gulph and others in foaming triumph to ride aloft as Conquerours over them you may hear the roar of their rage in the height and the groans again of their fall into the Deeps The perpetual fires of the Hill of Aetna and of the Aeolian Ilands do come so neer that you would think the very fire is nourished by the water for otherwise in so narrow a compass so great a fire could never continue so many Ages if it were not fed by the nutriture of the moysture From hence the Fables did produce Scylla and Charibdis from hence those barkings were heard from hence were those strange shapes of the Monster believed when the Saylers by affrighted with the great noyse and swallows of the whirl-Pools did conceive those Waves did bark which the voraginousness of the devouring Sea did commit and clash together The same cause makes the fire of the Monntain Aetna to be perpetual for this concurse and wrastling of the water doth take down with it into the bottom of the deeps the enforced spirit and there suffocates and keeps it down so long until diffused through the pores of the Earth it kindles the nutriment of the fire The neerness of Italy and of Sicily and the height of their Promontories is so equal that it gives no less admiration to us then it did terror to Antiquity who did believe the Promontories meeting both and uniting themselves into one and by and by again dividing that Ships oftentimes were by them intercepted and comsumed Neither was this invented by the Antients for the delightfulness of the Story but by the fear and wonder of the Saylers for such is the condition of the place to those who at distance do observe it that you would believe it rather to be a Harbour
designed Much about that time Darius the King of the Persians dyed leaving behind him two sons Artaxerxes and Cyrus His Kingdom he bequeathed to Artaxerxes and to Cyrus the Cities of which he was before Lieutenant This Legacy of the Father did seem to Cyrus to be unequal he therefore privily prepared war against his brother which when it was told to Artaxerxes he sent for his brother who pretending innocency did come unto him and was by him bound with chains of gold and had been put to death if his mother had not commanded him to the contrary Cyrus being dismissed did now begin to make war against his brother not covertly but openly not dissemblâ—ngly but professedly and from all places did draw Auxiliaries to him The Lacedemonians being mindful of the assistance he sent them in their war against the Athenians did decree to send help upon him but in such a way as if they did not take notice against whom the war was made that if the occasion so required they might procure unto themselves the favour of Cyrus and if Artaxerxes had overcome they might hope for his Patronage and his pardon because they determined nothing openly against him But in the encounter the chance of the fight having brought both brothers directly opposite one against another Artaxerxes was first wounded by his brother but was delivered from further danger by the swiftness of his horse Cyrus being overpowred by the King's Life guard was slain out-right Artaxerxes being Conqueror enjoyed the Army and the spoils of his brothers war In that battel Cyrus had ten thousand Greeks that came to his assistance who in that part of the field where they stood did overcome and after the death of Cyrus could neither be conquered by the power of so great an Army nor yet taken by treachery but returning in so great a march through so many unconquered Nations and barbarous people they with their valour did secure themselves even unto the confines of their own Countrey THE SIXTH BOOK OF IVSTINE THe Lacedemonians after the common condition of men who the more they have the more they do desire being not content that their strength was doubled by the access of the Athenian power did begin to affect the Government of all Asia The greatest part whereof being under the command of the King of the Persians Dercillides who was chosen general for that war when he found that he was to fight against two of the Lieutenants of Artaxerxes Pharnabasus and Tissafernes who were attended with the powers of formidable Nations he resolved to make a peace with one of them Tissafernes seemed most fit for his design being more remarkable for his industry and more powerful by the Souldiers of the late King Cyrus who being treated with and conditions being agreed upon betwixt them he was dismissed whereupon he was accused by Pharnabasus before the King that he repulsed not the Lacedemonians who had invaded Asia but maintained them at the King's charge and contracted with them to delay the wars as if all the loss of the Empire should not be put upon one score He alledged it to be an unworthy thing that the war should be bought and not carried on with resolution and that the Enemy should be removed with money and not with Arms Tissafernes being estranged from the King by these complaints Pharnabasus did perswade him for the mannaging of the wars at Sea to make Conon the Athenian Admiral in his place who his Countrey being lost by war did led a banished life in Cyprus for the Athenians although they were broken in their fortunes had yet some strength at Sea and if one were to be chosen he alledged that they could not finde amongst them an abler man Having received five hundred talents he was commanded to make Conon Admiral of the Fleet This being known at Lacedemon they by their Ambassadors did desire ayd of Hercimon King of Aegypt for the carrying on of the war at Sea who sent them one hundred ships and six hundred thousand measures of corn and very great ayd was also sent unto them from the rest of their Associates But a worthy Commander was wanting to so great an Army and against so great a Captain Therefore their Associates desiring Agesilaus King of the Lacedemonians to lead forth their Armies it was a long time debated whether they should make him their General or no by reason of the answer of the Oracle of Delphos which denounced a period to their Government when the royal Command halted for Agesilaus was lame of his feet but at last resolving that it were safer that the King then Kingdom should halt they sent Agesilaus with a formâ—dable Army into Asia Two such Captains as these to command in this war could not easily be matched again for they were equal in age valour counsel providence and in the glory of their atchievements and when fortune gave them a parity in all things yet she preserved them unconquered by one another Great was the preparation of both for the war great were the acts which they performed But a sedition of the Souldiers whom the former Lieutenants of the King had defrauded of their pay disturbed Conon the Souldiers demanding their Arrears the more roundly because knowing their duties in the war should be the harder under so great a Captain Conon having a long time wearyed the King in vain with Letters did at the last repair in his own person to him but being denyed either to see him or to speak with him because he would not prostrate himself unto him after the custom of the Persians he treated with him by Messengers and complained that the wars of the most mighty King did suffer through indigence and having an Army equal to the Enemies he was overcome by the want of money in which he did exceed them and was found inferiour in that part of strength in which he was far superiour He desired that the moneys for the war might be trusted into his hand it being dangerous that it should be committed unto many The moneys being received he returned to the Navie and made no delay in the prosecution of the war He acted many things valiantly and many things happily he plundred the Fields he sacked the Cities of his Enemies and as a Tempest did beat down all before him With which proceedings the Lacedemonians being affrighted did determine to call back Agesilaus out of Asia for the defence of his own Countrey In the mean time Lysander being left by Agesilaus to command the Forces at home in his absence being resolved to try the fortune of the war by battel did with great care and industry provide a mighty Navie and Conon being ready to joyn in battel with the Enemy did with great judgement assign unto every ship its station and the emulation of the Souldiers was no less then of the Captains for Conon the Admiral did not so much labour for the Persians as for his Countrey and in their
which they begot their children and in which they were begot themselves Sometimes they lamented their own misfortune that they lived to see that day sometimes the misfortune of their children that they were not born after it Philip in the mean time did remove some of them into the frontier Garrisons and set them before the faces of their Enemies others he did dispose of into the farthest bounds of his Kingdom Some whom he had taken Prisoners in the war he reserved at home to supply his Cities and so out of many Countreys and Nations he constituted one Kingdom and People The affairs of Macedonia being set in order he became master of the Dardanians and other neighbouring places taken by deceit neither did he abstain from those who were most neer unto him for he determined to drive Arymbas out of his Kingdom who was King of Epirus and in the neerest consanguinity obliged to his wife Olympias and for this purpose he sent for Alexander the brother of his wife Olympias a boy of a sweet and lovely countenance to come in his sisters name to Macedonia and with all his art having sollicited him into the hope of his Fathers Kingdom dissembling his lust he enforced him to grant him the unlawful use of his body thinking that he would be more obsequious to him either through this familiarity of unlawful love or through the benefit of the Kingdom therefore when he arrived to the age of twenty yeers he took the Kingdom from Arymbas and gave it unto him being unrighteous in both for that he observed not the rights of consanguinity in him f om whom he took the Kingdom and that he made him his prostitute before he made him a King unto whom he gave it THE NINTH BOOK OF IVSTINE WHen Philip had advanced into Greece sollicited by the plundering of a few Cities and finding by their riches how great was the wealth of them all he intended to make war upon all Greece and thinking that if he could be master of Bizantium a famous Sea-Town iâ— would much conduce to his affairs it being a gallant reserve both by Sea and Land he layd a fiege unto it shutting her Gates against him This City was first builded by Pausanias King of the Sparians and possessed by him for thâ— space of seven yeers Afterwards by the several inclinations of Victory it was sometimes in the power of the Lacedemonians and sometimes of the Athenians which uncertain possession was the cause that neither of them either helping it or owning it as their own she did more constantly maintain her liberty Philip therefore being weary and his stock exhausted with the long delay of the siege made use of Piracy for the purchase of moneys and having taken one hundred and seventy ships he refreshed his Army distracted and languishing through want And that so great a power might not be held in a Leagueâ— before one Town taking with him the most valiant of them he besieâ—ed many Cities of the Châ—â—sonesians and sent for his son Alexander being then eighteen yeers of age to come unto him that he might learn under him the first rudiments of the War He marched also into Scythia to see what plunder he could get there and like a Merchant he maintained one war by the profits of another At that time Matthaeas was King of the Scythians who being oppressed by the war of the I strians did desire the assistance of Philip by the Apollonians promising to adopt him into the succession of the Kingdom of Scythia In the mean time the King of the I strians dying delivered the Scythians both from the fear of the war and the need of assistance Therefore Matthaeas having dismissed the Macedonians commanded them to acquaint Philip that he neither desired his ayd nor did intend his adoption for the Scythians he said did not need the revenge of the Macedonians being better men then themselves neither his Son being alive did he want an 〈◊〉 This being understood Philip sent Ambassadors to Matthaeas desiring of him to lend him some moneys towards the charge of the fiege least through want he should be enforced to forsake the war which the more reâ—dily he said he ought to do because he paid not the souldiers whom he sent unto his ayd who received nothing for their service nor for the charges of their march in the way Matthaeas excusing himself by reason of the unkindness of the heaven the barrenness of the earth that neither inriched the Scythians with Patrimonies nor allowed them sustenance made answer that he had no wealth wherewith to satisfie so great a King and therefore it were more honourable for him to deny him altogether then to contribute but a little to him the Scythians he said were esteemed not by their wealth but by the vertues of their minde by the strength and hardness of their bodies Philip finding himself deâ—ided having raised the fiege before Byzantium did advance against the Scythians who to make them the more secure did send Ambassadors to enform Matthaeas that when he besieged Byzantium he had vowed a Statue to Hercules and that he now came to erect it at the mouth of the River of Ister he therefore desired that coming as a friend to the Scythians he might be allowed a peaceable entrance to perform his religion to his god Matthaeas made answer that if he would perform his vowes he should send the Effigies unto him and promised that it should not onely be erected accordingly as he desired but that it should stand inviolated He sent him word that he could not give way that his Army should enter into his Dominions and if he should erect any Statue the Scythians being unwilling he would pull it down again when he was departed and convert the brass of the Statue into heads for arrows With these passages the minds of both being much exasperated the battel was begun The Scythians excell'd in vertue and valor howsoever they were overcome by the policy of Philip. There were taken twenty thousand women and children and a vast booty of Cattel but of gold and silver nothing at all And although it were before reported it was at this time first of all believed how poor the Scythians were Twenty thousand of their Mares of a brave race were sent into Macedonia for breed But the Triballians did meet with Philip on his return from Scythia they denied to give him passage unless they received part of the prey From hence began the quarrel and by and by the fight in which Philip was so sorely wounded in his thigh that through his body his horse was killed when all conceived him to be slain the booty was all lost therefore the devoted spoyls of the Sythians were to be lamented rather than enjoyed by the Macedons as soon as he began to recover of his wound he brought upon the Athenians his long dissembled war to whose cause the Thebans did joyn themselves fearing least the Athenians being overcome
at once with all the Forces of Darius being afraid before that the wars would be delayed if the Persians should have divided their Army Before the battel did begin both the Armies made a stand and did look on one another The Macedons did wonder at the multitudes of their Enemies at the greatness of their bodies and the beauty of their Armor The Persians were amazed that so many thousand of their Souldiers had so often by so few been overcome The two Kings did ride round abâ—ut their Armies Darius assured his that if the division were made throughout his Army he had ten men in arms to fight against but one of his Enemies Alexander admonished the Macedonians not to be troubled with the multitudes of their Enemies nor with the greatness of their bodies or the novelty of the complexion of their Arms he commanded them onely to remember that this is the third time they fought with them and so consider that they were become never the better men by their so often flying away but carryed alwayes with them the sad remembrance of their former overthrows of so much blood they had lost before in the two other battels He assured them that as Darius did exceed in men so did he in strength He perswaded them to despise that Army shining with gold and silver in which there was more booty then danger the Victory being not to be purchased by the glittering of ornaments but by the edge of the sword After this both Armies were joyned in battel The Macedons in contempt of the Enemy so often overcome did throw themselves upon the swords of the Persians And the Persians desired rather manfully to die then to be overcome seldom more blood in any fight was shed Darius when he saw his Army overthrown would willingly have dyed himself But those who stood next unto him did compel him to flie Some perswading him to break down the Bridge of the River of Cydnus to stop the passage of his Enemies he made answer That he would not so dishonourably provide for his own safety by exposing so many thousands of his Souldiers to the fury of their Enemies and that the same way of flight was to he open to others which lay open to himself Alexander in his own person was alwayes present in the greatest difficulties and where he saw his Enemies on their thickest squadrons to fight most bravely he clapped in upon them and would have all the dangers to be wholy his own and not his Souldiers In this battel hâ— gained unto himself the whole Empire of Asia in the fifth yeer of his reign and so great was his felicity that after this no man durst to rebel and the Persians after the Empire which continued so many yeers did patiently endure the yoak of servitude His Souldiers being rewarded and refreshed so great was the booty that it took up forty daies to receive the full account of it he found hid in the City eleven thousand Talents After this he took Persepolis the chief Seat of the Persian Empire a City renowned for many yeers and full of the spoyls of the World which first appeared at the destruction of it As those things thus passed eight hundred Greeks did come unto him who with dismembred bodâ—es did endure the punishment of their Captivity beseeching him that as he had delivered Greece so he would deliver them also from the cruelty of their Enemies The King having granted them leave to return to their own Country they made choyce to be seated rather in a plantation abroad least in the stead of joy they should present unto their Parents the lamentable and loathed spectacle of themselves In the mean time Darius to purchase favour of the Conqueror was bound by his knismen in golden chains in a Town of the Parthians called Tancas I believe the immortal gods so ordained it that the Empire of the Persians should have its end in their Land who were afterwards to succeed in the Government Alexander pursuing the chase in a full gallop came to the same Town on the next day He there understood that Darius in a close waggon was carryed away by night his Army therefore being commanded to follow he pursued him with onely seven thousand horse and in the way had many and dangerous encounters And having in the chase numbred many miles when he could not receive the least notice of Darius he respited a little to breathe and bait his horses As one of his Souldies did go unto the next spring he found Darius bleeding through many wounds but yet alive whereupon he made use of his Captive to be his Interpreter whom when Darius found by his voyce to be a Persian he said that this brought some comfort to him in his present misfortunes that he should speak to one who understood him and should not in vain breathe forth his last words He desired that it might be represented to Alexander that he dyed much in his debt being obliged to him for many favours having never the happiness to return any he was much to thank him that he deported himself towards his Mother and his children not like an Enemy but a King and was more happy in his Adversary then in his own kindred for the lives of his Mother and his children were given to them he said by his Ennemy but his life was taken away by his kinsmen to whom he had given both life and Kingdoms for which he should receive that recompence which he being a Conqueror should be pleased himself to take All the thankfulness which he being a dying man could return unto him was to beseech the powers above and the powers below and the gods that dispose of Scepters that they would grant him the Empire of all the World For himself he desired to have rather a solemn then a sumptuous Funeral As for what pertained to the Revenger of his death it ought he said to be made Exemplar it being not onely Alexanders but the common cause of all Kings which to neglect would be as dishonourable as it were dangerous for as in one the Example of his justice so in the other the cause of his futuâ—e safety would be declared for the performance of which he gave his right hand the onely pledge of the Faith of a King Having spoken these wordâ— and stretched forth his hands he dyed which when it was reported unto Alexander having beheld him he with tears prosecuted his death so unworthy of that height wherein he lived and commanded that his body should be buried after the manner of their Kings and be carryed to the Tombs of his Predecessors THE TVVELFTH BOOK OF IVSTINE ALexander after this with great Funeral expences did honour those Souldiers whom he lost in the pursute of Darius and divided fifteen thousand Talents amongst their fellows who did accompany him in that Expedition The greatest part of their horses were lost by the excessive heat and those which remained alive made
THE Thirteenth BOOK OF IVSTINE ALexander the Great being deceased in the flower of his Age and the height of his Victories a sad silence there was over all Babylon and over all men The conquered and barbarous Nations would not believe the report who believ'd him to be as immortal as he was invincible They called to minde how often he had been pluckt from sudden death how often his sword being broke and his buckler slipt from his hand he on a sudden presented himself to his Souldiers not onely safe but a Conqueror But as soon as it was believed that he was dead all the barbarous Nations whom not long before he overcame did leave him not as an Enemy but a Father The mother also of Darius who her son being lost yet repented not by the indulgence of the Conqueror that she lived that day although reduced from the height of Majesty into Captivity having heard of the death of Alexander she wilfully ended her own life not that she preferr'd an Enemy above her Son but because she found the piety of a Son in him whom she had fear'd as an Enemy On the other side the Macedons did rejoyce as if they had lost rather an Enemy then a Citizen and a King of so great a Majesty condemning his great severity and the daily dangers of the war To this you may add that the Princes looked after the Soveraignty of command the common Souldiers after the treasure and the heavie and great weight of gold as an unexpected booty those bending their thoughts to the succession of his Kingdom and these to the inheritance of his riches for you are to understand that there was in the treasury one hundred thousand and in the office of the yeerly revenews by tributes three hundred thousand Talents But the friends of Alexander did not undeservedly expect the Kingdom for they were of that vertue and veneration that you would have believ'd every one of them to be a King such a graceful beauty of countenance such a tall streightness of body such a greatness and vigor of strength and wisdom were in them all that they who did not know them would have judged them not to be selected out of one people but out of all the Nations in the Earth For never Macedonia before nor any other Nation did flourish in the production of such famous men whom Philip first of all and after him Alexander did select with so much care that they seemed not so much to be chosen into the society of the war as into the succession of the Kingdom Who would therefore wonder that the world should be conquered by such ministrators when the Army of the Macedons was governed rather by so many Kings then Captains who never had found any equal to them if they had not fallen out amongst themselves and Macedonia in the roome of one should have had many Alexanders if Fortune had not armed them by the emulation of their vertue into their mutual destruction But Alexander being deceas'd they were neither secure nor joyful drawing both their persons and competitions into one place neither were the common Souldiers less sollicitous whose liberty was more dissolute and whose favor more uncertain Their equality did encrease their discord not one of them all so excelling another that any one of them should submit unto him Therefore putting on their Arms they came all unto the Court to form a new State according to the emergency of the present affairs Perdiccas was of judgement that they should attend the Issue of Roxanes womb who being eight Moneths with childe was almost ready to be delivered if she brought forth a Boy that he should be his Successor in the Kingdom Meleager denied that the Counsels ought to be delayed to the doubtful events of the birth of the child neither ought they to attend when Kings should be born unto them when they might make choyce of those who were born already for if they would have a child there was at Pergamus the Son of Alexander begotten on Arsine or if they would rather have a young man there was in the Camp Aridaeus the brother and companion of Alexander and most acceptable to all though not in his own yet in the name and notion of Philip his Father He alledged that Roxane received her original from the Persians neither was it lawful that Kings should be derived to the Macedons from those whose Kingdoms they destroyed and that Alexander himself was against it who dying made no mention of him Ptolomy refused Aridaeus to be King not onely by reason of his Mothers infamy being begot on Larissaea the Danceress but also by reason of his own incapacity least he having the Title onely another should govern the Empire it was therefore better he said to make choyce of those who in regard of their virtue were next unto the King who might govern the Provinces and might command war or peace then to subject themselves to the command of unworthy men under the pretence of a King The opinion of Perdiccas was approved by the consent of all It was therefore agreed upon that they should attend untill Roxane was delivered of her child and if it were a Male that Leonatus Perdiccas Craterus and Antipater should be his Guardians and immediately they every one did take their oaths to perform the office of a Guardian When all the horsemen did the like the foot being offended that they were not assumed into the participation of their Counsels did choose Aridaeus the brother of Alexander to be their King and did provide him with a Guard out of their own Companies and commanded that he should be called Philip after the name of his Father which when it was reporred unto the Horsemen they sent two of the Nobility Attalus and Meleager to pacifie their minds who seeking a new power to themselves by a compliance with the people omitting their legation did accord with them On this the sedition did encrease and it began now to have both head and Counsel The foot being all in arms did break into the Court to destroy their Cavalry which being understood the Horse surprized with fear did abandon the City and having encamped not far from it the Foot themselves were startled at it But the contestation of the Nobility ceased not Attalus did send to kill Perdiccas who was Captain of the other party to whom being armed and out-daring them when the Executioner durst not approach Perdiccas was of so great a resolution that of his own accord he came unto them and admonished them to look back upon the crime which they were about to commit and consider against whom they had taken arms not Persians but Macedons not enemies but Citizens and most of them their nearest kinsmen certainly their fellow Souldiers and companions in the same Tents and dangers it would be a gallant spectacle he said unto their Enemies who would rejoyce in their mutual slaughter by whose arms they were overcome
marriage of Cleopatra sister to Alexander the Great and Wife to Alexander late King of Epirus Olympias her Mother seeming enclined to it But he resolved first to over-reach Antipater under this pretence of affinity he therefore dissembled to desire his daughter in marriage to the end that he might the sooner obtain of him a recruit of young men out of Macedonia which deceit Antipater fore-saw and whiles Perdiccas courted two Ladies at the same time he obtained neither After this there did arise a war betwixt him and Antigonus Craterus and Antipater assisted Antigonus in their own persons and having made a Peace with the Athenians did substitute Polypercon in the Government of Greece and Macedonia The affairs of Perdiccas being in some difficulty he came into Cappadocia and he took into Counsel with him Aridaeus and the Son of Alexander the Great the charge of whom was committed to him to debate there concerning the carrying on of the war It was the opinion of some that the war should be translated into Macedonia the head and original of the Kingdom and where Olympias the Mother of Alexander lived who would bring no small moment to their party besides the favor of the Inhabitants in their respect to the names of Alexander and Philip. Others differed in judgement from it and it was concluded that it was better for the present to begin with Aegypt least whiles they were withdrawn into Macedonia Asia might be seized on by Ptolomy In the mean time Paphlagonia Caria Lycia and Phrygia were added to the Provinces of which Eumenes was Governor It was appointed that they should there attend the coming of Antipater and Craterus Alcetas the brother of Perdiccas and Neoptolemus did joyn themselves with their Armies to the Armies of Perdiccas The charge of the Navie was committed to Clytus Cilicia was taken from Philotas and given to Philoxenus Perdiccas himself with a formidable Army did march into Aegypt And thus the Macedons their Captains being divided into two parties were armed against their own bowels and turning their swords from an hostile war they covered themselves with civil blood after the example of mad men who themselves do tear their own hands and members Ptolomy in Aegypt with wise industry did lay up great riches for with singular moderation of government he attracted the Aegyptians to him and obliged the neighbouring Kings with benefits and all civil respects He also enlarged the bounds of his Empire having possessed himself of the City Cyrene and was now so great that he feared not so much his Enemies as he himself was become terrible to them The City of Cyrene was builded by Aristaeus who being tongue-tyed was called Battus Cyrenus his Father King of the Iland of Thera when he came to the Oracle of Delphos to implore the god to take away the disgrace from his Son who could not speak he received an answer by which his Son Battus was commanded to go to Africa and to build there the City Cyrene which being done he should enjoy the use of his tongue When the answer seem'd like a jeer by reason of the similitude of the Iland Theramenis from which they were commanded to travel so great a journey to build a City in Africa the Oracle was was not obeyed Not long after having their contumaciousness punish'd with a Pestilence they were enforced to be obedient to the Oracle their number being so few that all of them could scarce fill one ship when they came into Africa having driven away the Inhabitants they seated themselves on the Hill Cyra delighted both with the pleasantness of the place and the abundance of the water There Battus their Captain the knots of his tongue being unâ—yed did begin to speak which encouraged them the promises of the god being in some part fulfilled to proceed in the building of the City Having there pitched their Tents they received the opinion of the ancient Fable that Cyrene a Virgin of an excellent beauty being forced from the Hill Pelion to Thessaly by Apollo and brought to the cliffs of the same Hill which they did inhabite being bid by the god did bring forth four Children Nomius Aristaeus Eurocus and Agaeus those who were sent by their Father Hypsaeus King of Thessaly to seek out the Virgin did reside in the same place with her being taken with the pleasure of the place Three of the Boys being grown unto age did return afterwards into Thessaly where they enjoyed their Fathers Kingdom Aristaeus did reign in Arcadia and first delivered unto men the use of Bees and Honey and Milk and Curds and the knowledge of the Solstices and the motion of the Stars Which being understood Battus the name of the Virgin being known by the Oracle did build the City Cyrene Ptolomy being encreased with the strength of this City did make ready for war against the coming of Perdiccas But the hatred contracted by his arrogance did more hurt Perdiccas then all the Forces of his Enemies insomuch that his Companions not enduring him did fly away in Troops unto Antipater Neoptolemus being left for the assistance of Eumenes would not onely fly away but also attempted to betray the Army which when Eumenes perceived he held it necessary to fight with the Traytor and Neoptolemus being overcome did fly unto Antipater and Polypercon did perswade them by continual marches to advance against Eumenes and to fall upon him being proud of the Victory and grown secure by reason of his flight But Eumenes had notice of it and the treacheries were turned against the Traytors who thinking to have assaulted him unsuspecting their advance and unprepared to receive them they were assaulted themselves not thinking of his approach and wearyed withall by their watching and their travels in the night In that fight Polypercon was slain and Neoptolemus fighting hand to hand a long time with Eumenes both of them being wounded was at the last overcome and killed by him Eumenes being Conqueror in two battels did a little support the afflicted parties of his Companions And Perdiccas at last being slain he was saluted as King by the Army of the Enemy with Phython and Illyrius and Alcetas the brother of Perdiccas and war was decreed against them by Antigonus THE Fourteenth BOOK OF IVSTINE EVmenes having understood that Perdiccas was slain and himself adjudged as an Enemy by the Macedoniaens and that war was denounced against him by Antigonus did of his own accord declare it to his Souldiers lest fame should make it greater then it was or affright the minds of the Souldiers with the novelty of the danger and withall that he might take new counsels from their motions if he found that they were animated against him He therefore constantly professed that if these things were a terror unto any of them he would willingly grant him leave to depart By which words he so enflamed the minds of all to adhere unto him that of their own accord they did exhort him to
place of Amilcar who when he made many successful encounters both by Sea and Land did at last on a sudden lose all his Army by the rage of a pestilential Planet Which when it was reported at Carthage the City was so full of sorrow and lamentation as if it had been taken it self The shops and houses were shut up so were the Temples of the gods no publick duties of religion were performed and all Offices intermitted which belonged to the administration of justice They all slocked in throngs to the Haven and asked those few who came out of the ships who escaped the fury of the mortality how their Sons and kinsmen did and when they were assured of their deaths of which before they were uncertain and were in some hopes that the Reports were false they filled all the shoar with their lamentations nothing was heard but sighes and throbs and the sad complaints of the unhappy Parents In the mean time the distressed General Amilco came down out of his own ship raggedly cloathed and in the habit of a servant the multitudes of the mourners pressed round about him to behold him And he amongst the rest lifting up his hands to Heaven sometimes bewailed his own and sometimes the publick fortune sometime he accused the gods who took from them so many Ornaments and Trophies of the war and of the victories which they had given them and had destroyed the victorious Army not by war but pestilence so many Cities being taken and the Enemies so often overcome in the battels both by Sea and Land Howsoever he said he brought some comfort to the Citizens that the Enemies though they might rejoyce yet they could not glory in their calamity for they could neither say that those who were dead were killed or that those who returned were routed by them The booty he said which the Enemy found in their abandoned Tents was not such as they could boast to be the spoyls of a conquered Enemy but such as by the casual deaths of their Masters they had seized upon being poor and transitory things which no body was left to own that in relation to their enemies they departed Conquerors but in the relation to the plagues they departed conquered Howsoever he affirmed that he took nothing more neer unto his heart then that he could not die himself amongst so many most valiant men and was preserved not for any delight which he took in life but onely to be the sport of calamity yet nevertheless having brought the miserable relicks of his Army to Carthage he would follow also himself his deceased Souldiers and would make it apparent to his Country that he did not continue to that day because he had a minde to live but that he would not by his death betray these whom the direful pestilence had spared by leaving them amongst the Armies of their Enemies With this Resolution and complaint having entred the City as he came to the threshold of his own door he dismissed the multitude that followed him with his last Farewel unto them and having locked the door with his sword he put a period to his own life not admitting any not so much as his own Sons to come unto him THE Twentieth BOOK OF IVSTINE THe Carthaginians being driven out of Sicily Dionysius seized upon the command of the whole Iland and thinking so great an Army without action would be prejudicial to his Kingdom he transported his forces into Italy that the Souldiers should be both exercised with continual labor and the bounds of his Kingdom enlarged His first war there was amongst the Grecians who enhabited the next Coasts of the Italian Sea who beings overcome he assaulted all their Neighbors and destined to himself all the Grecians that possessed Italy who at that time enjoyed not onely a part but almost all Italy for many Cities after so great a Tract of Antiquity do to this day demonstrate that they received their original from the Grecians For the people of Tuscany who inhabit the Coast of the lower Sea did come from Lydia And Troy being taken and sacked did send forth the Venetians who are the Inhabitants on the Coasts of the upper Sea under Antenor their Commander Adria also which is washed by the Illyrian Sea is a Greek City which gives a name to the Adriatick and so is Arpos which Troy being overthrown Diomedes builded being brought by shipwrack into that place Pisca also amongst the Ligurians is beholding to the Graecians for her original And amongst the Tuscans Tarquinia derives her beginning from the Thessalians and the Spinambrians and Perusians from the Achaians What shall I speak of the City Cere and the Latine people who seem to be planted by Aeneas And are not the Falicians Japigians Nolans Abelans Plantations from Calcedo in Greece What shall I speak of all the Provinces of Campania What shall I speak of the Brutians Sabinians and the Samnits what of the Tarentins which we have read did come from Lacedaemon and were called Spurii It is recorded that Philoctetes did build the City of the Thurins whose Monument is yet to be seen in that place As also the Arrows of Hercules which were the first ruine of Troy are to be seen in the Temple of Apollo The Metapontins also do shew in the Temple of Minerva those Tools of Iron with which Epeus from whom they are derived did build the Trojan horse by reason of these Inhabitants all that part of Italy is called Graecia major But in the beginning of these Originals the Metapontins with the Sybarits and Crotonians did resolve to drive all the other Grecians out of Italy and having first of all taken by force the City of Syris they killed fifty young men embracing the Image of Minerva and the Priestess her self amongst the Altars of the Goddess having on her the Sacerdotial ornaments Wherefore when they were punished with pestilence and sedition the Crotonians first of all repaired to the Oracle at Delphos for a remedy to whom it was answered That an end to their calamity would ensue if they would pacifie the violated power of Minerva and the ghosts of the slaughtered young men Therefore when they began in the first place to erect the Statue of Minerva and afterwards of the young men according to the just proportion of their bodies the Metapontins having understood the Oracle of the gods did resolve to be as forward in the Religion as they and erected small Images of stone to the young men and pacified the goddess with Manufactures of Wool And thus the Plague was ceased in both places the one striving who should exceed in magnificence and the other in swiftness The Crotonians being recovered to their health were not long quiet But being discontented that in the taking of the City of Syris the Locrensians did send Auxiliaries against them they made war upon them which so troubled the Locrensians that they besought ayd of the Lacedemonians The Lacedemonians being
and as if he had ballanced the loss of Italy and Sicily with the regaining of the Kingdom of Macedonia he did send both for his Son and for his friend which he did leave at Tarentum Antigonus with a few horsemen the Companions of his flight being on a sudden forsaken of all the ornaments of his dignity did repair to Thessalonica to behold the events of his lost Kingdom hiring a mercenary Army of the Gauls to renew the war And being again utterly overthrown by Ptolomy the Son of Pyrrhus and in his flight attended but with seven men he not onely lost all hope of the recovery of his Kingdom but fled into solitary places and made them the best procurers of his safety Pyrrhus being now advanced to so great a height of soveraignty was not content with that which with modesty he durst not aspire unto in his hopes but propounded unto himself the Empire both of Greece and Asia he took a felicity and pride in his wars as in his Soveraignty for no man could resist him whithersoever he turned his power but as he was esteemed invincible in adding Kingdom unto Kingdom so having overcome them and obtained them he quickly lost them being more fortunate to obtain then to preserve having afterwards transported his forces on the other side of Chersonesus he was received by the Embassies of the Athenians Achaians and Messenians And all Greece amazed at the glory of his name and at the wonders of his Atchievements against the Romans and Carthaginians did with a labouring expectation attend his arrival His first war in Greece was against the Lacedemonians where he was opposed more by the valour of the women then the men There he lost his Son Ptolomy and the ablest and the choycest men in his Army For so great a multitude of women did press in throngs upon him for the defence of their Country as he was besieging Sparta that he was enforced to retreat from them being not more valiantly then modesty overcome Moreover it is affirmed that his Son Ptolomy was so able a man of his hands that he took the City of Corcyra being followed onely with threescore men In a battel at Sea there being but seven men with him he leaped out of his boat into the ship of his Enemies and did enforce it to obedience And at the assault of the City of Sparta he gallopped into the middle of the City and was there killed by the concurse of the multitude whose body when it was brought unto his Father it is reported that Pyrrhus said thar he was slain a great while later then he feared or then his rashness did deserve Pyrrhus being beaten back by the Spartans did march to Argos where when he endeavoured to besiege Antigonus shut up in that City he fighting most violently amongst the thickest and the formost was slain with a stone thrown from the Walls his head was brought unto Antigonus who using the victory with gentleness did dismiss his Son Helenus delivered to him with Epirus and gave him leave to depart to his own Kingdom aud delivered him the body of his unburyed Father to be interred in his own Country Amongst all Authors the Fame is constant and clear enough that no King either of that or the former Age was to be compared to Pyrrhus and that not onely amongst Kings but other personages there was seldom any to be found of a more just or a more Religious life So great was his knowledge in Military affairs that although he made war with so great Kings as Lysimachus Demetrius and Antigonus yet he alwayes remained unconquered In the war also of the Illyrians and Sicilians and of the Romanes and Carthaginians he was never inferiour to them and oftentimes a Conqueror who though his Country was but narrow and before ignoble by the Fame of his atchievements and the uprightness of his conversation he did renown it over all the World THE Six and twentieth BOOK OF IVSTINE AFter the death of Pyrrhus there were great motions and tumults of war not onely in Macedonia but in Asia also and in Greece for the Pelopennesians were by treachery betrayed to Antigonus and according to the several inclinations of the Inhabitants partaking either of joy or grief as the several Cities either hoped for ayd from Pyrrhus or were afraid of his power so now they either entred into league with Antigonus or flung themselves upon a war by the mutual hatred amongst themselves In this commotion of the troubled Provinces the City also of Epirus was by tyranny invaded by Aristotimus the Prince by whom when many of the Rulers of the City were slain and more of them driven into banishment the Aetolians desiring of him by their Ambassadors that the Exuls might be permitted to have their wives and children come unto them he at the first denyed it and afterwards as if he had repented of what he had denyed he gave all the Matrons leave to repair unto their banished husbands and appointed a day for their departure They as if they should for ever suffer banishment with their husbands taking with them their richest moveables when they had met at the gate of the City to travel all in one troup they were apprehended and committed to prison and plundred of all their goods the little children being slain in the laps of their Mothers and the Virgins their daughters ravished All men being amazed at this domineering cruelty one of their Rulers Helemat by name an old man and destitute of children and one that feared not the respect of age being not obliged to the respect of pledges having called to his house the most faithul of his friends did exhort them to the revenge of their Country They all debating on a way to conclude the publick with their private danger and desiring a time for deliberation he sending for his servants did command them to lock the doors withall to go unto the Tyrant and desire him to send some of his Guard to apprehend the Conspirators assembled in his house objecting to every one of them that because he could not be the Author of delivering his Country he would be the revenger of it being forsaken by them Hereupon they being surprized with a doubtful danger chusing the more honourable way of the two they conspired to kill the Tyrant and Aristotimus by this meanes was slain in the fifth Moneth af er he had usurped the Tyranny In the mean time Antigonus being oppressed with several wars which he made against King Ptolomy and the Lacedemonians and a new Army of Enemies from Gallograecia having left in his Camp some few Companies to defend it against the other Enemies he marched with his chief power against the Gauls Which being understood the better to prepare themselves to the fight they did offer sacrifices for the good event of the battel And a great slaughter and utter destruction being persaged to them by the entrails of the beasts they desperately turning their
and an enlarger of the Commonwealth for in divers memorable Battels he overthrew the Goths and the Huns who laid wast the Empire and having invaded the Persians he compelled them to seek for peace of him he slew at Aquileia Maximius the Tyrant who had killed Gratian and challenged all France to himself He caused also Victor his Son to be killed whom his Father Maximius had proclaimed Augustus when he was in the years of his Infancy He overcame also Eugenius the Tyrant and Arbogastes ten thousand of their Army being cut in pieces This Eugenius trusting to the forces of Arbogastes after he had slain Valentinian at Vienna called himself Emperor but not long after he lost his life and Empire both togegether Theodosius in body and conditions did much resemble the Emperor Trajan as the writings of the Historians in those dayeâ— and his Picture do declare so tall he waâ— in stature such was the proportion of his limbs such was the colour of his hair the same face unless his cheeks were a little more thin by often plucking out the hair by the roots neither had he so great eyes and I know not whether he had altogether so great a flourish of beauty in his face and such a gracefulness in his gate but I am sure their minds were most alike so that nothing can be said or read in books of the one which may not properly be translated to the other He was gentle merciful and affable to all thought that only in his habit he did differ from other men he was munificent to all but magnificent to the good he loved ordinary wits and admired the great ones provided they were harmless with a great mind he gave great largesses he loved the Citizens and those most known unto him him by private acquaintance enriched them with honours money and other benefits especially those whose good offices to him as towards a Father in the time of his adversity he had approved but for loving of Wine and the desire of triumphs with which Trajan was aspersed he so much detested them that he found Wars but did make none and by a Law did prohibit all wanton meetings and to have Songs at Banquets so much he did contribute to continence and modesty that he did forbid the marriage of Cousin germans as an unlawful thing For learning being compared to those who are absolute he was not extraordinary but wise and prudent he was and very diligent to read men in their manners He would hastily condemn the cruel deeds of the Ancients and those Enemies to publick liberty Cinna Marius and Sylla and he did bear an especial hatred to perfidious and ungrateful persons He would suddenly be angry but he was apt to return to his first temper and after a little pause he would of himself be quickly appeased Sometimes he would propound unto himself the severe precepts out of Livy or what Augustus was taught by him who did read Philosophy unto him that if he were angry at any time before he attempted to revenge the displeasure he should repeat the four and twenty Greek Letters by means whereof the concitation of the spirit which in a moment was raised the minde being otherwise imployed might in a little respite of time be appeased A brave man undoubtedly he was thus to exercise his patience and which is a proof of a singular vertue after the regal power confirmed by years and much more after a civil Victory What shall I speak of his sollicitous care in providing of Corn and to restore out of his own treasure the vast sums of gold silver taken away by force consumed by Tyrants even when bountiful Princes do hardly give unto their Followers the reversion of a few unfruitful fields or of a plundred Farm Neither can those less things be forgotten which being practised within the Court do more attract the eyes and ears of all curious natures to behold them as to reverence the Uncle like the Father to bring up the children either of the dead Brother or Sister as his own to embrace kindred and allyance with the affection of a Parent to make a neat and a merry Feast but not a sumptuous one to frame the discourse to the quality of the persons and observances to Dignities to have a discourse pleasant with gravity a tender Father and a loving Husband He so exercised himself in sports as to be neither thereby engaged or wearied and when he had leisure he refreshed his spirits with walking He governed his bodily health with a good diet And thus in the fiftyeth year of his Age he dyed in peace at Millain leaving in a peaceable condition the two Commonwealths to his two Sons Arcadius and Honorius his body was the same year in which he dyed conveyed to Constantinople and there interred FINIS An Alphabetical TABLE of those things which are most remarkable in this HISTORY THe Abderits forced from their own Country by multitudes of Frogs and Mice to seek new habitations page 237 Aborigines the first Inhabitants of Italy p. 501 The abrogation of the Custome for the sacrifizing of men alive p. 281 Abydus p. 52 The Acarnanians alone ayded not the Graecians against the Trojans p. 364 The Achaians fight with Nabis p. 389 Their combination fidelity and power ibid. Adrian the Emperor p. 555 The Adriatick Sea and why so called p. 287 Adultery most severely punished amongst the Parthians p. 481 Aeacides King of the Molossi p. 232 The greatest part of that Name dying about thirty years of Age p. 202 Their Original from Hercules p. 157 Aegeades from whence so called p. 114 Aegeus King of the Athenians Father of Theseus p. 137 Aegypt fortified at the vast expence of her King p. 26 Aegypt the Granary of the Roman people p. 526 The Aegyptians superstitious p. 17 The fruitfulness and temper of Aegypt p. 24 Aemilius gave Law to the Macedons p. 414 Aeneas came into Italy p. 502 Aeneas dyed in the wars against Mezensius ibid. Aeolus heretofore governed Sicily p. 75 The Aeolian Ilands p. 73 Aetna Hill and the perpetual burning of it p. 74 The Aetolians lost their liberty p. 401 The Africans send back their tribute to the Carthaginians p. 282 The excellent words of Africanus p. 400 His moderation in the receiving of his Son p. 397 398 Agathocles twice a banished man p. 306 Agathocles of a base original become tyrant of Sicily ibid. Agathocles took away all hope of flight by burning the ships p. 313 Agathocles his death p. 322 Agesilaus lame in one foot p. 101 Agis King of the Lacedemonians p. 179 Alcibiades of his own accord goes to banishment to Elis p. 82 Alcibiades his gallant courage wit and personage p. 83 Alcibiades called back from his command to answer for his prophaness p. 81 Alcibiades knew the wife of Agis p. 83 Alcibiades goes again into banishment p. 88 Alcibiades burned alive in his Chamber p. 93 Alexander demands of the Athenians their
at all where or in what manner I shall fall and I shall by this means be delivered from the ignominy of death This if I shall obtain I will disoblige you all of the Oath by which you have so often devoted your selves unto me or if you are ashamed to lay violent hands upon me desiring it give me a sword and permit your General to do that for you without any Oath which you have so often sworn that you would act for your General When he could not obtain it of them he turned his entreaties into curses and in a great passion But you he said O devoted Heads may the gods the Revengers of perjury look down in judgements on you and give unto you such ends as you have given to your Generals It is you who have imbrued your guilty hands in the blood of Perdiccas It is you who attempted the murder of Antipater It is you which is the worst of all who would have killed Alexander himself if it were possible for him to have fallen by a mortal hand having so often tormented him with your seditions I now the last sacrifice of such perfidious wretches do fix these curses and imprecations on you May you live all your lives Vagabonds desolate in Tents and in banishment May your own Arms devour you by which you have destroyed more Captains of your own then of your enemies Being full of passion he commanded his keepers to go before to the Camp of Antigonus The Army followed having betrayed their General he himself a Captive did bring the triumph of himself to the Tents of his Conqueror They delivered all the Trophies all the Palms and Lawrels of King Alexander together with themselves unto the Conqueror and that nothing of the pomp might be wanting their Elephants and the Auxiliaries of the East did follow Much more honourable was this for Antigonus then so many Victories were for Alexander for though Alexander conquered the East Antigonus conquered those by whom the East was overcome Antigonus therefore divided amongst his Army these Conquerors of the World having restored all things to them which he took from them in the former victory After this he did set a Guard upon Eumenes being not admitted to come into his presence in respect of the familiarity of their former friendship In the mean time Eurydice the wife of Aridaeus the King of the Macedons as soon as she heard that Polypercon was returned out of Greece into Macedonia and that Olympias was sens for by him being possessed with a female emulation and abusing the weakness of her Husband whose Offices she challenged to her self she did write to Polypercon in the name of the King to deliver the Arms to Cassander to whom the King had transferred the administration of the Kingdom she sent also Letters to Antigonus to the same effect in Asia by which benefit Cassander being obliged did perform all things which the boldness of the Queen did prompt him to Having marched into Greece he made war there on many Cities by the destruction whereof the Spartans being affrighted as by a fire in a neighbours house distrusting to their arms they did enclose their City with a Wall contrary to the answer of the Oracles and the ancient glory of their Predecessors whose honourable custom alwayes it was to defend it with their arms and not with their Walls So much they degenerated from their Ancestors that when for many yeers the wall of their City was the vertue and the valour of their Citizens they now conceived they could not be safe unless they lay hâ—d under the protection of a Wall Whiles these things were thus mannaged the troubled Estate of Macedonia did call back Cassander out of Greece for Olympias the Mother of Alexander the Great being come from Epirus towards Macedonia Aeacidas the King of the Molossi following her she was forbidden by Eurydice and King Aridaeus to enter into the Confines of that Kingdom which so incensed the Macedons both in the regard of the memory of her Husband the greatness of her Son and the indignity of the act that they all sided with Olympias by whose command both Eurydice and King Aridaeus were both slain having raigned six yeers after the decease of Alexander But Olympias enjoyed not the Kingdom long afterwards for having committed many great slaughters of the Princes after a womanish rather then a manly way she turned the love of her Subjects into hatred Therefore having heard of the approach of Cassander distrusting to the Macedons she fled with Roxane her daughter-in-law and Hercules her grand-child into the City of Pictua In her journey Dardamia the daughter of King Aeacidas and Thessalonice her kinswoman being also famous her self by the name of Philip her Father and many other Ladies of royal blood a gallant rather then a profitable company did attend her When Cassander was informed of it in a swift match he came to Pictua and layd a close siege unto the City Which when it was oppressed with the sword and famine Olympias being no longer able to endure the tediousness of the siege having Articles for her life did deliver her self to the Conqueror But Cassander having called the people to an Assembly to understand what they would have done in relation to Olympias he suborned the Parents and kindred of the noble men whom she had put to death who having put on mourning habits did accuse the cruelty of the woman by whom the Macedons were so much instigated that without any respect to her former Majesty they did decree that she should be put to death being altogether unmindful that by her Son and Husband they not onely enjoyed their lives with safety amongst their neighbours but also became masters of such great wealth as also of the Empire of the world But Olympias when she beheld the armed men to come resolutely towards her being cloathed in royal habiliaments and leaning on her two Maids she did go to meet them The Executioners beholding her were amazed and stood still startled at the Majesty of her presence and the names of so many of their Kings which came at once into their memory At the last they were commanded by Cassander to run her through with a sword she drew not back from the sword nor at the thrust that was made nor gave any shrike like a woman but submitted unto death after the manner of valiant men and for the glory of her antient family insomuch that you might have seen Alexander again in his dying mother Moreover she covered her face with her hair and the neither parts of her body with her garments that nothing unseemly might be discovered After this Cassender did take to wife Thessalonice the daughter of King Aridaeus and sent the Son of Alexander with the Mother to be kept prisoners in the Tower of Amphipolis THE Fifteenth BOOK OF IVSTINE PErdiccas and his brother Alcetas Eumenes and Polypercon and divers Captains of the other party being slain
the contention betwixt the Successors of Alexander the Great did seem to be at an end when on the sudden a new discord did arise betwixt the Conquerors themselves For Ptolomy Cassander Lysimachus requiring that the Provinces and the booty of the money that was taken should be divided Antigonus denyed to admit any Companions in the booty having undertaken all the danger himself And that he might seem to make an honest war against his Companions he declared that he would revenge the death of Olympias slain by Cassander and deliver the Son of Alexander with his Mother from their imprisonment at Amphipolis This understood Ptolomy and Cassander having entred into a league with Lysimachus and Seleucus did with great industry provide for the war both by Sea and Land Ptolomy had in his possession Aegypt with a greater part of Africk and Cyprus and Phâ—nicia Macedonia and Greece obeyed Cassander Antigonus had all Asia and a part of the East whose Son Demetrius in the first encounter of the battel was overcome by Ptolomy at Calama In which fight the glory of the moderation of Ptolomy was greater then his victory for he dismissed the friends of Demetrius not onely with their own goods but also honoured them with the additions of great presents and restored to Demetrius all his private treasure and family and dismissed him with an honourable complement that he undertook the war not for booty but for dignity being displeased that Antigonus having overcome the Captains of the other party would reserve intirely to himself the rewards of the common victory Whiles these things were in agitation Cassander returning from Apollonia did fall upon the Abderitae who having left their Country by reason of the abundance of Frogs and Mice did seek out new places of habitation wherefore fearing lest they should come into Macedonia he made peace with them and received them into the society of his friendship having assigned lands unto them in the furthest borders of Macedonia After this fearing least Hercules the Son of Alexander who was now fourteen yeers of age in the favor of his Fathers name should be called into the Kingdom of Macedonia he commanded him privately to be killed with his mother Arsine and that their bodies should be covered with Earth least the murder of them should be betrayed by their Sepulture and as if he had committed but a small crime first in the poysoning of the King afterwards in the murther of his mother Olympias and then in the murder of his wife Arsine and her Son he killed also by the same deceit the other Son of Alexander with Roxane her mother as if he could not otherwise then by villany obtain the Kingdom of Macedonia which he so inordinately affected In the mean time Ptolomy did fight again with Demetrius at Sea and having lost his Navie and yielded the victory to his Enemy he fled into Aegypt Demetrius sent back Leuticus the Son of Ptolomy and his brother Menalaus and their friends with all that did belong unto them being provoked before to the same remuneration by Ptolomy And that it might appear that they were not inflamed with hatred but the glory of Dignity and Domination they did contend who should exceed each other in gifts and presents in the heat of the wars so much more honourably were wars managed then then friendships are professed now Antigonus being puft up with the victory commanded that the people should give him and his Son Demetrius the Title of a King And Ptolomy that he might be of no less Authority amongst his Souldiers was also saluted as King by the Army which being understood Cassander and Lysimachus did challenge to themselves the regal Majesty They abstained from the Ornaments of this honour as long as the Sons of their King were alâ—ve and so great was their modesty that when they had the Estates of Kings they were well contented to abstain from the Titles of a King as long as Alexander had any Heir remaining But Ptolomy and Cassander and the Captains of the other faction when they perceived they were all reproached by Antigonus whiles they made a private war of every one and not a common war of all and were unwilling to assist one another as if the victory were onely for one and not for all confirming themselves joyntly by Letters they did appoint a time and place to meet together and provide for the war with united Forces At which when Cassander could not be present by reason of the war with his Neighbours he sent Lysimachus to his ayd with a formidable power This Lysimachus was famous in Macedonia by the Nobility of his discent but more famous by his vertue then his Nobility which was so eminent in him that in the greatness of his mind in the knowledge of Philosophy and in the glory of strength he excelled all by whom the East was overcome For when Alexander the Great did falsely accuse Calisthenes the Philosopher of the Treason that was contriv'd against him being indeed angry because he did forbear to worship him according to the custome of Persia and had rendred him a lamentable and deformed spectacle by cruelty dismembring his body and cutting off his nose and lips and carrying him shut up in a kennel with a Dog to be a terror to the rest Lysimachus would then repair unto him and hear and take instructions from him and in compassion of so great a man suffering forhis liberty and not for any crime he gave him poyson to put a period to his miseries to which Alexander did give so hainous an Interpretation that he commanded him to be objected to a hungry and an enraged Lyon who when at the first sight with a swift and eager violence he did run upon him to devour him Lysimachus having wrapt his hand in a cloath did thrust it into the mouth of the beast and plucked out at once both the tongue and the life of the Lyon which when it was reported to Alexander the admiration was turned into satisfaction and alwayes afterwards he had him in an higher respect for the constancy of so great a vertue and Lysimachus with great patience induâ—ed the contumely of the King as the contumely of his Father And at last the memory of this act being banished from his minde the King in India being in the pursuit of some routed Enemies and his Guard not able to overtake him by reason of the swiftness of his horse he onely was his Companion through the vast Desarts of the Sands which when his brother Philip did before endevour to perform he expired in the Arms of the King but Alexander alighting from his horse did wound Lysimachus in the forehead so deeply with the point of his Spear that his blood could not be stanched before the King having taken the Diadem from his own head did impose it on his to binde the wound which was an earnest to Lysimachus of the royal Majesty to come And after the death