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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	evening_n	lesson_n	prayer_n	4,211	5	10.8068	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47706	The history of the rites, customes, and manner of life, of the present Jews, throughout the world. VVritten in Italian, by Leo Modena, a rabbine of Venice. Translated into English, by Edmund Chilmead, Mr. of Arts, and chaplain of Christ-Church Oxon; Historia de' riti hebraici, vita ed osservanze de gl'Hebrei di questi tempi. English	Modena, Leone, 1571-1648.; Chilmead, Edmund, 1610-1654.	1650 (1650)	Wing L1099A; ESTC R216660	90,789	288

39. Stripes called Malchuth And there are some among them so conscionable as that if they have wronged any one in any thing they make Restitution and ask Pardon of all that they have offended and also pardon all persons whatsoever that have injured Them at all They also give Alms to the Poor in a word they do all things whatsoever that can be required to True and Hearty Repentance 4. Two or three hours before Night they go to their Afternoon Prayers and after this to Supper and they make an End of Eating before Sun-set Afterwards many of them put on white Garments or else the Habit they intend to be buried in as hath been said before and so they go Bare-footed to the School which on this day is all hung about with several Lights as Lamps of Oyl and Wax Tapers and now do they say many Penitentia Prayers and make Confession of their sins Every Nation according to their own Custome and Usage but these Devotions last for the space of three hours at the least and thus having finished here they go home to bed Yet some there are that stir not out of the School all night long but continue saying their Prayers and now and then Psalms sleeping very little nor not at all 5. In the morning following as soon as it is day-light they all repair to the School again in the aforesaid habits and there they stay till night continually praving and saying of Psalms and making their Confessions and craving pardon of God of the sins they have committed The Devotions of this day consists of Four Parts the first is that of the morning which they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Shackrith the second the Additional Prayers called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Musaph the third the Afternoon Service called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mincha and the fourth and last the Evening Prayers which they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nehilah At the Schakrith and Mincha they take out the Book of the Law and in the morning six persons are invited to read in it but in the Afternoon they call but Three to it and after this they read the Haphtarah or Lesson out of the Prophets 6. At the Musaph or Additional Prayers they read the Sacrifice of that day then do they make a Commemoration of the Great Solemnitie that was wont to be celebrated by the High Priest on that day at which time onely throughout the whole Yeer it was lawfull for him to enter into the Sanctum Sanctorum or Holy Place to burn Incense and to cast Lots upon the Two Goats one Lot for the Lord and the other Lot for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Azazel the Scape-goat as it is commanded Levit. cap. 16. 7. When it is now Night and that they can see the stars appear they then blow the Horn as they did at the Feast of the Beginning of the Yeer to signifie that the Fast is ended and so going out of the School they salute one another wishing each other that they may live many Yeers and then do they blesse the New Moon as hath been touched before Par. 3. cap. 3. and so going home to their houses they say the Habdalah and so go to their meat CHAP. VII Of the Feast of Boothes or Tabernacles VPon the Fifteenth day of the said moneth Tisri is the Feast of Boothes Tabernacles or Tents called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Succoth Tuguria in memorie that the Children of Israel at their coming up out of Egypt made use of such in the Wildernesse as you may find Levit. cap. 23. ver 42 43. Habitabit is in Umbraculis Septem diebus c. Ye shall dwell in Boothes seven daies all that are Israelites born shal dwell in Boothes that your Generations may know that I made the Children of Israel to dwell in Booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt And therefore every man maketh him one of those Boothes in some place about his house in the Open Air covering it at the top with Green Boughes and walling it about and trimming it up as handsomely as he can There are many nice Circumstances set down by the Rabbines to be observed concerning the Height Bignesse and Form or Manner how they are to bee made which we shall here omit In these Boothes they Eat and Drink and some there are that sleep in them and keep altogether in them during the eight daies of the Feast as at other times they do in their houses 2. This Feast continueth Nine daies that is to say seven daies which are commanded in the Law and One more which they adde out of an Ancient Custome as hath been formerly said in the Feast of the Passeover Par. 3. cap. 1. and One more commanded Num. 29. to be a more Solemn Assemblie then any of the seven Dies quoque Octavus erit celeberrimus c. On the eighth day ye shall have a Solemn Assemble ye shall do no servil work The two first and the two last daies are solemn Feastivals but the five Intermediate are not so like as hath been formerlie said in the Feast of the Passeover 3. The Form of Prayers is the same that upon Other Daies onely there is some Commemoration made of the Reason of the Feast and Its Original they also say the six Psalmes from the 113. to the 119. called Hallel then do they take forth the Book of the Pentateuch and read in it afterwards they say the Haphtarah and say a Benediction for the Prince under whom they live then the Additionall Prayer called Musaph wherein they Commemorate the Sacrifice that was wont to be Offered that day described Numb cap. 29. namely on the First day 13. Bullocks on the Second 12. on the Third 11. c. till it came to 70. in number throughout the whole Seven daies and on the Eighth they sacrificed One Bullock onely 4. They also take a Branch of Palme-tree and three Boughes of Mirtle and two of Willow and a Citron which must be a fair one and every way Perfect and binding all these Boughes together when in their Prayers at the School they come to the aforesaid Psalms called Hallel holding the Boughes in their Right hand and the Citron in their Left clapping them together they shake them about holding them forth toward the four Quarters of the World and moving them Upwards and Downwards this they do observing the Command given Levit. cap. 23. S●metisque vobis die primo fructus arboris pulcherrimae c. And ye shall take you on the First day the Boughes of Goodly Trees Branches of Palm-trees Boughes of Thick Trees and Willowes of the brook and ye shall rejoyce before the Lord your God seven daies Then do they all go round about the Table or Woodden Altar whereon they use to lay the book of the Law when they read in it every day Once singing withal certain Hymnes and swinging their Boughet about in one hand and the Citron

repeated in all the Prayers and at all times a short prayer called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cadisch that is to say Holinesse a Prayer of Thanksgiving to the Creatour of the Light and of the Day which they call Jozer that of Deuteron Audi Israel c. Si ergo Obedieritis c. diverse times mentioned before together with those words out of Num. cap. 15. Loquere filiis Israel ut faciant sibi fimbrias c These three Lessons are called Chiriat Scheman then followeth the Veiaziu c. the Nineteen Benedictions to God the Schemonah Asre wherein giving praise to God they crave at his hands all things that are most necessary for them as Food Health Understanding Liberty Forgivenesse of sins c. which they first say in a low voice and is afterwards repeated aloud by the Cazan adding thereto the 145. Psalm and some certain verses out of the Prophets and that of Isaiah cap. 6. Sanctus Sanctus Sanctus Dominus Deus exercituum Holy Holy Holy Lord God of hosts c. with the interpretation of the said words in Chaldee and after all this is said there followes one Lesson more and in the last place they give thanks to God who hath enlightened them to do him service beseeching him that he would be pleased to bring all men unanimously to the knowledge and worship of Him And so saying the Haleno lesabeah they make an end of their Morning Prayers 8. On Mundayes and Thursdays they adde in their Prayers after the Schemonah Asre certain Confessions and Penitential Prayers And these two dayes they account the fittest of the whole week for a man to indict himself either a Fast or any manner of Abstinence calling these two days Days of Justice because that Anciently the Magistrates and Ministers of Justice were wont in their several Cities to sit on these dayes and administer justice and the Villages and places adjacent came all in as to a Market to the chief City or Town as it were in a kind of relation to the divine Justice 9. In their Afternoon Prayers they begin with the 145. Psalm then the Cadisch the Nineteen Benedictions the Schemona Asre first in a low voice and afterwards aloud and so repeating the Cadisch again they make an end 10. In the Evening they say certain Praises to God who bringeth on the Night and who loving Israel gave them his Precepts then the Three Lessons called Chiriath Scheman an acknowledgment of his mercie in bringing them up out of Egypt after that a prayer that he would vouchsafe to preserve them that Night from dangers then 18. verses out of the Prophets the Nineteen Benedictions the Schemona Asre in a plain Tone onely the Haleno Leschabeah and lastly the Cadisch with which they end their Evening Service 11. These are the principal parts of which their three daily Services do consist always and although that on their Solemn and Feastival days there are certain other pieces added suitable to the day and the present occasion as shall be declared in its proper place yet is this the Base and Ground-work of the businesse both for the Order and substance of the whole And thus farre there is no great difference betwixt the three principal Nations above specified but they do in a manner all conform to this Method in their Devotions 12. The whole Pentateuch they divide into 48. or 52. Lessons which they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Paraschoth that is to say Divisions and one of these is read every week in the School so that by this meanes throughout the whole Year though it should have thirteenth Moneths in it it will notwithstanding all be read On Mondaies and Thursdaies after the penitential prayers they take the Sepher Torah or Book of the Law before spoken of chap. 10. out of the Chest or Ark and saying the Third verse of the 34. Psalm O magnifie the Lord with me and let us exalt his name together and some others the like they lay it upon the Table or wooden Alter and then taking it out of the Covers and opening it there are three persons invited up to read the beginning of the Parascha or Lesson for the day One one piece and another another and these say a Benediction at the beginning and another at the end Then the Cazan or Chanter giveth a blessing upon them and so each of them promiseth to give something either to the Poor or to the use of the School or else to the Chanter himself or to the Schamas or Ministring Officer After this the said Sepher Torah is lifted up on high open and the Holy Scripture contained in it is shewed to all the Congregation saying these words out of Deuter. cap. 4. ver 44. Ista est Lex quam proposuit Moses coram filiis Israel c. This is the Law which Moses set before the Children of Israel c. But the Levantines use to hold up the Book in the sight of the People before they begin to read in it After this is done they shut it up and put it into its Covers and so lay it up in the Chest again 13. This Ceremonie of Reading in This Book and of Inviting in this manner more or fewer up to the Reading in it is said to have been ordained by Esdra and it is done every Feastival and every Fast day as shall be hereafter declared in order 14. And because every one desires out of Devotion to have a hand in some or other of these Religious Acts either of taking forth or laying up the Book again or other the like Occurrences during the time of Prayers these Favours are therefore bought of the Chaunter and he that biddeth most shall have a share in them and the Money which cometh in this way goes either to the use of the School or else to the Poor mans Box. CHAP. XII Of their Priests and Levites and of their Wives and Titles IN Ancient Times while the Temple stood their Priests were onely such as were descended from the stock of Aaron as we read in Exodus chap. 29. and in other places And these served at the Altar in offering all their Sacrifices and Oblations burning Incense and whatever other Religious Duties were to be performed and to them was given not onely those Portions of the Sacrifices there set down but of every Beast also that was killed they were to have the Shoulder the Head and the Inwards and likewise the Firstlings of all their Flocks and Herds the Price of Redeeming the First-born of their Sons the First Shearing of their Sheep Two in the Hundred at the Gathering in of all their Fruits a Piece of Dough when they made their Bread and all other things set down at large in the Scriptures 2. The Levites were to sing at the times appointed in the Temple and their Portion was the Tithe of their Fruits which they gathered up going from place to place throughout the several Villages 3. But now that they are no

have committed some sin or other during that space of time And so they likewise Fast the Eve before the Feast of the Beginning of the Year and some there are among them that keep a Fast the Day before the Beginning of every Moneth 13. And if any man have a mind out of particular Devotion or Penance to Indict himself a Fast besides all these he then on the Evening before the day he intends to Fast before the going down of the Sun except it be in Case of Fasting upon any Dream as hath been formerly declared Part. 1. cap. 4. saith thus I take upon my self to fast to morrow And having so said he continues without eating or drinking till the Evening following as the Usual manner of Fasting is and in his Devotions he adds a Prayer to God that he would be pleased to accept This Fast of his instead of Sacrifice CHAP. IX Of the Feast of Lights called also Chanucha VPon the 25. day of the Moneth Kislein which is our November by an Ancient Ordinance of the Wise-man is kept the Feast of the Dedication of the Altar which is celebrated for the space of eight daies together and at Evening upon each of these eight daies they set up Lights One upon the First day Two upon the Second Three upon the Third and so forward till the Eighth And this Feast is observed in Commemoration of a Great Victorie obtained by the Maccabees against the Greeks who had possessed themselves of the Citie of Jerusalem and had entred into the Temple and profaned it but were afterwards overcome by Judas and his Brethren and driven out again Now there being no Pure Oyl which had not been defiled by the Heathen to be found for the lighting of the Lamps that were to be set up of Course in the Temple they at last found by chance a smal Vessel sealed up wherein was Oyl hid but onely as much as was sufficient for Lights one Night onely which Oyl notwithstanding miraculously lasted for Eight whole Nights and therefore for this reason it was decreed that the said Feast of Lights should ever afterward be observed They have a Tradition also that in Ordaining this Feast to be kept they had an Eye also upon that famous Exploit performed by Judith upon Holofernes although many are of opinion that this happened not at this time of the Year and that they make a Commemoration of that piece of Gallantrie of Hers Now because she was of the stock of the Maccabees 2. During the time of these eight daies it is lawfull for them to do any manner Businesse or Work neither is there any kind of solemnitie observed at this time save onely of the said Lights and that at their Prayers there is added a Panegyrick or Laudatorie Oration in memorie of that Great Victorie obtained by Them against the Heathen and besides every morning they say the six Psalms called Hallel beginning at the 113. Psalm and likewise the 30. Psal Exaltabo te Domine c. I will extol thee O Lord for thou hast lifted me up and hast not made my foes to rejoyce over me c. and they also use some certain Ceremonies more then Ordinarie at their Meat 3. This Feast is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chanucah which is as much as to say The Feast of Dedication or Initiation and their being restored to the Exercise of their Religion again having now purified the Temple again anew which had been defiled by the Heathen CHAP. X. Of the Feast of Purim or Lots VPon the 14. day of the Moneth Adar or March they celebrate Yearly the feast of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Purim in memorie of what we read in the book of Esther concerning the children of Israels escaping the danger of a Totall Extirpation by the Machination and subtle Devices of Haman who was afterwards hanged together with his ten Sons This feast is called the feast of Purim or Lots for the reason set down cap. 9. of the said book of Esther Dies isti appellati sunt Purim c. Because Haman the Son of Hammadetha the Agagite c. had devised against the Jewes to destroy them and had cast Pur that is the Lot to consume them c. Therefore they called These daies Purim after the name of Pur. 2. This Feast continueth two daies although they keep the first onely solemnly fasting the day before it as hath been formerly said And notwithstanding that they are not forbidden to do any manner of Businesse or Work upon the aforesaid two daies of the Feast yet do they voluntarily forbear upon the first of the two daies and make it a solemn Feastival 3. Upon the first Evening they all repair to the School where saying the Ordinarie Prayers they adde also a Commemoration of the great deliverance at that time when they were now at the Jawes of Death and then do they read the whole storie of their Escape that is to say the whole book of Esther which they have in their Schools fairly written in Parchmet in a long Roll as the Pentateuch is and this they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Meghillah that is to say Volumen a Volume or Roll. And while this is reading there are some that as often as they hear Haman named they beat the ground and make a great murmuring noise in token of Cursing him and execrating his memorie and they do the like at their Morning Prayers also and withall read out of the Pentateuch Exod. cap. 17. ver 8. Venit autem Amalech c. Then came Amalek and fought with Israel in Rephidim c. 4. On this day they give much Alms to the Poor publickly and they likewise send Dishes of Meat one to another every friend and kinsman to each other and Scholars send Presents to their Masters or Tutors and Masters give to their Servants and generally all Superiours to their Inferiours And they use all expressions of Mirth and Joy that may be inviting and feasting one another as it is commanded Esth cap. 9. Esséntque dies isti Epularum c. That they should make them daies of Feasting and Joy and of sending portions one to another and gifts to the Poor 5. And this they observe chiefly upon the second Evening at which time every one makes as great a Feast as he is able eating and drinking more freely then at other times And after supper they go on visiting one another entertaining their friends with Banquets Pastimes and all manner of Jollities and Entertainments of mirth 6. They do not make so great Chear or Expressions of Joy upon the second Day nor is any thing read in the school yet do they on This Day also make shew of some kind of joy 7. When there are thirteen Moneths in the Yeer that is to say when the Moneth Adar is doubled or there are two Moneths of March as hath been touched formerly Par. 3. cap. 2. they call the 14. of the first Adar the lesser

Marriage day the Parties to be married are brought into some large Hall or Chamber and there placing themselves under a kind of Canopie they have Musick brought before them in some places they have little Boyes with lighted Torches in their hands that sing before them When the people are now gathered together in the place where the Wedding is to be celebrated there is one of the afore-mentioned Square Vestments called Taleth with the Pendants about it put over the head of the Bridegroom and the Bride together Then doth the Rabbine of the place or the Cazan or Chaunter of the School or else some one that is the nearest of their kin take a Bowl of Wine in his hand and saying a Benediction to God Who hath created the Man and the Woman and hath ordained Marriage c. he giveth the Bridegroom and the Bride of this Wine to drink After this the Bridegroom putteth a Ring upon her finger in the presence of Two Witnesses which commonly use to be the Rabbines saying withall unto her Behold Thou art my Espoused Wife according to the Custome of Moses and of Israel Then is the Writing of her Dowrie produced and read wherein the Bridegroom is bound in lieu of her Dowrie by Him received both to feed cloath and cherish her c. and he binds himself to the performance of all these things After this they take another Bowl of wine and sing six other Benedictions making up the number of Seven in all and then do they give of this Wine also to the New married couple to drink and having so done they pour out the rest of the Wine upon the Ground in token of Joy and Gladnesse and the emptie Vessel being delivered into the Bridegrooms hand He takes and dasheth it with all his might against the Ground and so breaks it all to pieces signifying hereby that in the midst of all their mirth and jollitie they are to remember Death that destroies and breakes us in pieces like Glasse that so we grow not proud And when this done then doth all the people with a loud voice crie out 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mazal tob which is as much as to say Good fortune to them And so they all depart 5. In the Evening they make a Feast and invite their kindred and friends and the Custome in some places is that after supper is ended the Guests present the Bride with several Gifts some with Gold others with Silver c. and some do this before Supper Afterward they again sing over the seven Benedictions before spoken of at the Solemnitie of the Marriage having first said the Ordinarie Benediction used after meat and so they rise from Table 6. After this if the Bride hath found her Monethly Courses to be over and hath washed her self as we have touched before if they go to Bed together and if she were a Virgin before so soon as ever he hath made her a Woman he riseth from her and may not touch her any more till such time as she hath fulfilled the time required in married women for their continuing Clean and hath washed her self again in a Bath as shall be shewed Chap. 5. 7. The Sabbath following at Morning Prayers the Bridegroom goeth to the School as his Bride also doth accompanied with other women And when the book of the Pentateuch is now taken forth the New-Married man is invited up to read in it who presently maketh a Promise of giving Great Alms to the Poor as likewise do all the Invited Persons after him in Order And when Prayers are ended the men accompanie the Bridegroom and the women the Bride home to their house where after Complements passed betwixt them they take their leave and depart In some places they have a Custome that the Bridegroom is to keep within doors seven daies after the Espousals or Contract made betwixt both parties during which time he is visited by his friends and acquaintance among whom he entertaineth the Time with Pastimes and pleasing Recreations 8. And this is the most usuall manner of their making Contracts of Marriage and celebrating of Nuptials among them although the Customes of the severall Countries are herein though not very much yet something different 9. If the Bride should chance to die after the Marriage without having brought forth any Children the Dowrie which she brought her husband must in this case be disposed of according to the Agreements before made betwixt both Parties which are very different according as the Customes and Usages of the several Countries are CHAP. IV. Of the Liberty a Woman that was Married young hath to refuse her Husband and of the Penalty of Forcing or Deflowring a Virgin IF a young Girl under the age of ten Years old being an Orphan or Fatherlesse or though she had a Father then who is now dead be espoused by the consent of her mother or of her brothers to a man that she liketh not after that she hath the Tokens of Womanhood upon her and hath now arrived to the age of Twelve Years and a day she may refuse this man for a Husband And so making Open Protestation that she will not have him before two Witnesses they are bound to testifie this her Renunciation in Writing And having so done it is lawfull for her to leave him and to marry whom she pleaseth 2. Whosoever either by Force or by any Enticements or fair Promises so far prevaileth upon a Virgin as that he know her Carnally if her Father and she be so pleased the Judges must force him either to marry her neither may he ever after be Divorced from her as it is expresly commanded Deut. cap. 22. or else they must make him give her Reparations for her Honour and the Injurie he hath done her in robbing her of her Virginitie CHAP. V. How their Women behave themselves during the time of their Courses and after Child-birth WHen a woman perceiveth that her Monethly Courses are now upon her she is bound to give notice of it to her Husband who immediately separateth himself from her and toucheth her not any more neither may he deliver any thing into her hand nor receive any thing from her nor sit near her nor eat with her in the same dish nor drink with her in the same cup. 2. And thus she continueth during the time that her Courses are upon her which lasteth in most women for the space of five daies but in case this Flux should continue upon Her longer she must expect till it stops At which time she changeth her smock and the sheets of the bed and thus continuing clean for seven other daies she cutteth her Nails and cleanseth them throughly and washeth her self in a Bathing Tub and also combeth her Head After this she goeth to a Bath made for the same purpose which is to be either of Springing Water or of Rain-water but it must not by any means have been brought thither by Man's hand and the water